Berber Bevernage

Much has been said about what philosophy of history should be. This bibliometric assessment of research in the philosophy of history examines what scholars in this field have actually produced. The study covers a dataset-a subsection of the bibliography of the International Network for Theory of History-of 13,953 books, articles, book chapters, dissertations, and other scholarly publications, encompassing materials written in seven different languages published between 1945 and 2014. This material was classified according to a multilayered system of taxonomy consisting of keywords representative of themes discussed in the field. Separate quantitative analyses were made to elucidate characteristics about the publication outputs in the field in the different language groups. Changes in paradigm, often referred to as "turns" or "trends," have been mapped in this study, according to a quantitative analysis of the most recurrent keywords within a five-year interval, which give an indication of the most debated themes in each period. *Religion/theology/secularization* is the most frequent keyword during the period 1945 to 1969, followed by *Marxism/historical-materialism* 1 from 1970 to 1984, in what can be considered a second period of the field. Although many of the key publications of the linguistic turn were written within this second period, our dataset shows that it is not until the third period (1985-2014) that their writing goes on to influence other authors in the field.

This handbook provides the first systematic integrated analysis of the role that states or state actors play in the construction of history and public memory after 1945. The book focuses on many different forms of state-sponsored history, including memory laws, monuments and memorials, state-archives, science policies, history in schools, truth commissions, historical expert commissions, the use of history in courts and tribunals etc. The handbook contributes to the study of history and public memory by combining elements of state-focused research in separate fields of study. By looking at the state’s memorialising capacities the book introduces an analytical perspective that is not often found in classical studies of the state. The handbook has a broad geographical focus and analyses cases from different regions around the world. The volume mainly tackles democratic contexts, although dictatorial regimes are not excluded. 
[Contributing authors: Ąžuolas Bagdonas, Onur Bakiner, Tomas Balkelis, Denise Bentrovato, Berber Bevernage, Luigi Cajani, José Gabriel Cristancho Altuzarra, Kurt W. Clausen, Rommel A. Curaming, Violeta Davoliūtė, Antoon De Baets, Pierre-Olivier de Broux, Ramses Delafontaine, Francesca Dominello, Lawrence Douglas, Cornelia Eisler, Oz Frankel, Idesbald Goddeeris, Richard J. Golsan, Nasia Hadjigeorgiou, Martha Cecilia Herrera Cortés; Gisele Iecker de Almeida; Matt James; Michael Karabinos; Alexander Karn; Dora Komnenović , Stiina Löytömäki, Lynn Lemisko, Seiko Mimaki, Gotelind Müller-Saini, Ewa Ochman, Carol Pertuz-Bedoya, Trudy Huskamp Peterson, Vladimir Petrović, Eva-Clarita Pettai, Gertjan Plets, Ilaria Porciani, Lutz Raphael, Erna Rijsdijk, Achim Rohde, Stephan Scheuzger, Nina Schneider, Peter Seixas, Dorothea Staes, Pietro Sullo, Shanti Sumartojo, Patrizia Violi, Torsten Weber, Ben Wellings, Niké Wentholt, Christian Wicke, Eric Wiebelhaus-Brahm, Nico Wouters]

Thirteen expert historians and
philosophers address basic questions on
historical time and on the distinctions
between past, present and future. Their
contributions are organised around
four  themes: the relation between time
and modernity; the issue of ruptures in
time and the influence of catastrophic
events such as revolutions and wars on
temporal distinctions; the philosophical
analysis of historical time and temporal
distinctions; and the construction of
time outside Europe through processes
of colonialism, imperialism, and
globalisation.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Berber Bevernage and Chris Lorenz: Breaking up Time –
Negotiating the Borders between Present, Past and Future

1. Time and Modernity: Critical Approaches to Koselleck’s Legacy
Aleida Assmann: Transformations of the Modern Time Regime
Peter Fritzsche: The Ruins of Modernity
Peter Osborne: Global Modernity and the Contemporary: Two Categories of the Philosophy of Historical Time

2. Ruptures in Time: Revolutions and Wars
Sanja Perovic: Year 1 and Year 61 of the French Revolution: The Revolutionary Calendar and Auguste Comte
Claudia Verhoeven: Wormholes in Russian History: Events ‘Outside of Time’
François Hartog: The Modern Régime of Historicity in the Face of
Two World Wars
Lucian Hölscher: Mysteries of Historical Order: Ruptures, Simultaneity and the Relationship of the Past, the Present and the Future

3. Thinking about Time: Analytical Approaches
Jonathan Gorman: The Limits of Historiographical Choice in Temporal Distinctions
Constantin Fasolt: Breaking up Time – Escaping from Time: Self-Assertion and Knowledge of the Past

4. Time outside Europe: Imperialism, Colonialism and Globalisation
Lynn Hunt: Globalisation and Time
Stefan Tanaka: Unification of Time and the Fragmentation of Pasts in Meiji Japan
Axel Schneider: Temporal Hierarchies and Moral Leadership:
China’s Engagement with Modern Views of History
William Gallois: The War for Time in Early Colonial Algeria"

During the last decade, Spanish memory movements have exhumed a great number of mass graves from the Civil War and Francoist repression. This exhumation campaign is often interpreted in psychopathological terms as a natural reaction to a traumatic past and as proving that this past should be healed by a therapeutic memory that fosters closure -- a vision that we call 'trauma-therapy-closure (TTC) time'.
Although this vision is in line with widespread 'transitional justice' discourse it should be critically analyzed. We argue that the Spanish situation does not prove the naturalness and universal applicability of TTC time. Although we do identify an influential exhumation group that shares aspects of this TTC vision, its approach is contested by local actors and competing exhumation organizations that engage in alternative politics of time. Therefore we demonstrate how the case of Spain rather reveals how TTC time is actively disseminated and promoted on a local level.

Le débat actuel concernant la colonisation belge ne peut se résoudre si les historiens continuent à se tenir à distance du débat public.
Réaction « Les historiens s’interrogent sur la constitution et les amalgames de la Commission “Congo” », La Libre Belgique, 20 août 2020.