Gary Kitmacher

... Views of space. Autores: DJ Cram, CN Eid Jr. Localización: Journal of chemical education, ISSN 0021-9584, Vol. 70, Nº 5, 1993 , págs. 349-351. Fundación Dialnet. Acceso de usuarios registrados. Acceso de usuarios registrados Usuario. Contraseña. Entrar. Mi Dialnet. ...

The purpose of this study was to describe the characteristics of teachers teaching space science associated subjects in Texas public schools, identify their perceived ability to teach these subjects, and to identify any impediments or enhancements to their ability to teach the subjects. The study was conducted through a mixed method design that included quantitative data from a survey and qualitative information obtained through a survey, interviews and classroom visitations. The survey methodology used primarily electronic delivery to 316 teachers, professors, and administrators from at least 106 Texas public school districts across the state. The results provided insights into the current condition of Texas space science education and challenges faced by the teachers in the areas of curriculum definition, textbook availability, access to subject matter expertise, technology use, and teacher training. Many of the teachers reported common processes and encountered common challenges. Differences among the teachers were based on grade levels and subjects taught, years of experience, location, and information accessibility. Many participants in this study felt they were moderately knowledgeable and could provide adequate instruction in the space sciences fields, but that their instruction could be enhanced through access to more and better subject content information, technology, resources, and training. There were several key findings. Curricula were not perceived to be uniformly defined. While space science content was taught in most K-8 grades, teachers felt there was little continuity from one grade to the next. And, while an abundance of technical content was available on the internet, teachers said that the lack of organization for ease of use and the apparent difficulty in finding suitable classroom activities that promote critical thinking skills requires attention. The development of required instructional resources identified in this study would be a step towards establishing a comprehensive curriculum for space science.Curriculum and Instruction, Department o

Design of the crew compartment in the modules of the International Space Station began in the mid-1980s and was influenced by past experiences as well as new and innovative designs. This paper will trace some of the alternative configurations that were considered during the early Phase B studies and the trade studies, design and modeling activities which led to the

The Priroda Module was the last of six principal modules that composed the Mir orbital station. In 1990 the US and Russians began a joint program of scientific and manned space flight studies in response to agreements reached during the Bush administration. The Priroda Module was designed in the mid 1980s and was to have been launched in 1992. As

Space business is big business, with several implications for the travel industry. Space commercialization revenues, expected to reach $200 billion annually by the year 2000, will come from the sale of products and services such as communications satellites, computer hardware and software for space R & D, and transportation into space. Companies involved include IBM, RCA, McDonnell Douglas, and Society Expeditions (travel agency), and countries already participating include the USA, USSR, West Germany, and Japan. This articlegives a briefprofile oftouristic space travel and explores barriers to entry for the travel industry. Marketing implications are presented.

Nearly six years after the launch of the first International Space Station element, and four years after its initial occupation, the United States and our 6 international partners have made great strides in operating this impressive Earth orbiting research facility. This past year we have done so in the face of the adversity of operating without the benefit of the Space Shuttle. In his January 14, 2004, speech announcing a new vision for America's space program, President Bush affirmed the United States' commitment to completing construction of the International Space Station by 2010. The President also stated that we would focus our future research aboard the Station on the long-term effects of space travel on human biology. This research will help enable human crews to venture through the vast voids of space for months at a time. In addition, ISS affords a unique opportunity to serve as an engineering test bed for hardware and operations critical to the exploration tasks. NASA looks forward to working with our partners on International Space Station research that will help open up new pathways for future exploration and discovery beyond low Earth orbit. This paper provides an overview of the International Space Station Program focusing on a review of the events of the past year, as well as plans for next year and the future.

The Priroda Module was the last of six principal modules that composed the Mir orbital station. In 1990 the US and Russians began a joint program of scientific and manned space flight studies in response to agreements reached during the Bush administration. The Priroda Module was designed in the mid 1980s and was to have been launched in 1992. As a US/Russian contract was put in place the module was put aside for reconfiguration. Between 1993 and 1996, a US and Russian team developed the new configuration of the module, and several new mechanical, electricaldataandexperimentsystems weredeveloped, subsequently integrated, tested, launched and operated on Mir. The Priroda became the primary US experiement systems module for several years of joint operations. A principal goal of the Priroda effort was the development of working processes and relationships between the US and Russian engineering, operations and scientific communities. Some of these goals were reached and others were not. Thispaperfocusesontheprocess,systems,implementationand accomplishments of the NASA Mir and Priroda Module efforts.

Only in the last century have human beings flown in space and men and machines have explored the worlds of our solar system. Robots have gone to most of the our neighboring worlds, the valleys of Mars and the clouds and moons of Jupiter. Instruments like the Hubble Space Telescope have looked into deep space. Those of us on the earth have been able to participate as vicarious explorers through the records, and experiences and the photographs that have been returned. At the beginning of the space program hardly anyone thought of photographs from space as anything more than a branch of industrial photography. There were pictures of the spaceships, and launches and of astronauts in training, but these were all pictures taken on the ground. When John Glenn became America's first man in orbit, bringing a camera was an afterthought. An Ansco Autoset was purchased in a drug store and hastily modified so the astronaut could use it more easily while in his pressure suit. In 1962, everything that Glenn did was deemed an experiment. At the beginning of the program, no one knew for certain whether weightlessness would prevent a man from seeing, or from breathing, or from eating and swallowing. Photography was deemed nothing more than a recreational extra. Not only was little expected of those first pictures taken from space, but there was serious concern that taking pictures of other nations from orbit would be seen as an act of ill will and even one of war- as sovereign sensitive nations would resent having pictures taken by Americans orbiting overhead. A few years earlier, in 1957, in reaction to the Soviet launch of the first Sputnik satellite, scientists told congressman of the necessity of orbiting our own robot spacecraft-they predicted that one day we would take daily pictures of the world's weather. Congressman were incredulous. But space photography developed quickly. For security purposes, spy satellites took over many of the responsibilities we had depended upon aircraft like the high-flying U-2 spy planes for. Weather satellites permitted weather predictions as never before. Satellites were developed in the first ten years of the space program for earth resources and mapping. In this paper and presentation we will observe some of the best views taken in space and from space...of the Earth, and the moon and beyond. We will travel in space with our astronauts. Some of the photographs we will see are famous and others not nearly so. We will discuss some of the history behind the pictures and some of the benefits that have been gained from the views from space.

Design of the crew compartment in the modules of the International Space Station began in the mid-1980s and was influenced by past experiences as well as new and innovative designs. This paper will trace some of the alternative configurations that were considered during the early Phase B studies and the trade studies, design and modeling activities which led to the configuration as it is being flown today. Design of the core systems, lofts, and rack-based modules will all be reviewed. Based upon crew feedback and experiences in the integration of space station missions over the years of operation, problems that have been experienced in planning and implementation will be reviewed.