- Experienced Program Director with a demonstrated history of working in higher education focused on global social just... moreExperienced Program Director with a demonstrated history of working in higher education focused on global social justice issues. Strong policy and research professional skilled in Nonprofit Organizations, Democratic Governance, Food Security, Sustainable Development, Policy Analysis, and Social Movements. Principal Investigator for the Democratic Approaches to Global Governance (DAGG) Initiative.edit
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Research Interests:
Acknowledgements - List of Contributors - List of Acronyms - List of Tables and Figures - Toward New Government-NGO Relations for Sustainable and People-Centred Development N.Heyzer - Contending Perspectives for Interpreting... more
Acknowledgements - List of Contributors - List of Acronyms - List of Tables and Figures - Toward New Government-NGO Relations for Sustainable and People-Centred Development N.Heyzer - Contending Perspectives for Interpreting Government-NGO Relations in South and Southeast Asia: Constraints, Challenges and the Search for Common Ground in Rural Development J.V.Riker - Challenges and Future Directions for Asian NGOs C.de Fonseka - Asian NGOs in Development: Their Role and Impact A.Bhatt - From Cooptation to Cooperation and Collaboration in Government-NGO Relations: Toward an Enabling Policy Environment for People-Centred Development in Asia J.V.Riker - Government, NGO and International Agency Cooperation: Whose Agenda? D.C.Korten & A.B.Quizon - Steps Toward People-Centred Development: Vision and Strategies D.C.Korten - Reflections on Government-NGO Relations in Asia: Prospects and Challenges for People-Centred Development J.V.Riker - Bibliography - Appendix 1: The Legal Framework for NGOs and the Voluntary Sector: Recommended Principles - Appendix 2: Strategies for Improving the Policy Environment for NGOs -Index
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Developing countries increasingly face the challenge of devising sound strategies for assisting the rural poor at local levels. Development experience in the Third World has repeatedly shown the limitations of central government efforts... more
Developing countries increasingly face the challenge of devising sound strategies for assisting the rural poor at local levels. Development experience in the Third World has repeatedly shown the limitations of central government efforts to promote effective rural development (Korten, 1980; Chambers, 1983; Uphoff and Esman, 1983). This trend is becoming clearer with the worldwide fiscal crisis, the need for increased human resource development (HRD) within government agencies, and the need to improve the economic livelihood, health, nutritional status, and overall well-being of the rural poor.
Research Interests: Geography, Development Economics, Economic Growth, Sustainable Development, South Asia, and 9 moreNon-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), Southeast Asia, Rural Development, Southeast Asian Politics, Livelihood, Political Space, People Centered Development, Government and NGO partnership, and state-NGO relationship
Government and non-governmental organizations in Asia are at a crossroads. The 1980s were marked by the rise of NGOs, especially indigenous organizations, as significant institutional actors and advocates for people-centred development... more
Government and non-governmental organizations in Asia are at a crossroads. The 1980s were marked by the rise of NGOs, especially indigenous organizations, as significant institutional actors and advocates for people-centred development throughout many countries of Asia. At the same time, governments within the region pursued development plans and programmes largely independent of NGO activities. In general, they sought to maintain their dominant position while limiting the nature and forms of NGO participation in the development process.
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This volume underscores the need to understand the dynamics between micro-level development initiatives and macro-level processes in order to advance the process of people-centred development in Asia. It highlights the roles that... more
This volume underscores the need to understand the dynamics between micro-level development initiatives and macro-level processes in order to advance the process of people-centred development in Asia. It highlights the roles that government, NGOs, and international donor agencies can play at all levels of society in supporting this alternative vision of development within the region. This phenomenon is by no means limited to Asia, as new social movements working at the grassroots around the world are increasingly seen as the basis for pursuing a global agenda that seeks to address, reorient, and reform macro-level processes and structures for more sustainable and democratic forms of development (Wignaraja, 1993; Ekins, 1992). As this collection of essays highlights, Asian NGOs, especially the more politically-oriented groups, like their counterparts in Latin America and Africa, are gaining greater political space for their diverse range of activities, expanding the boundaries of acceptable political discourse, and redefining state—civil society relations in new ways. In the process, NGOs are becoming more sophisticated and strategic in shaping new political terrain and agendas vis-a-vis government.1 Given the diverse political and legal contexts within which NGOs operate in Asia alone, it is apparent that a wide range of possible strategies are emerging to promote people-centred development at the local, national, and regional levels.
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Publikationsansicht. 6376023. The state, institutional pluralism, and development from below : the changing political parameters of State-NGO relations in Indonesia / (1998). Riker, James V. Abstract. Thesis (Ph. D.)--Cornell University,... more
Publikationsansicht. 6376023. The state, institutional pluralism, and development from below : the changing political parameters of State-NGO relations in Indonesia / (1998). Riker, James V. Abstract. Thesis (Ph. D.)--Cornell University, 1998.. Vita.. ...
Research Interests: Political Science, Sustainable Development, Democratization, Politics, Transnational Advocacy Networks, and 10 morePhilosophy of Religious Pluralism, Civil Society, Indonesian Politics, Participatory Development, Nongovernmental organizations, Political Space, Institutional Pluralism, State society relations, state-NGO relationship, and International Donor Agencies
... Linking Development from Below to the International Environmental Movement: Sustainable Development and State-NGO Relations in Indonesia. Post a Comment. CONTRIBUTORS: ...
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From the earliest campaign against Augusto Pinochet’s repressive practices to the recent massive demonstrations against the World Trade Organization, transnational collective action involving nongovernmental organizations has been... more
From the earliest campaign against Augusto Pinochet’s repressive practices to the recent massive demonstrations against the World Trade Organization, transnational collective action involving nongovernmental organizations has been restructuring politics and changing the world. Ranging from Santiago to Seattle and covering more than twenty-five years of transnational advocacy, the essays in Restructuring World Politics offer a clear, richly nuanced picture of this process and its far-reaching implications in an increasingly globalized political economy. The book brings together scholars, activists, and policy makers to show how such advocacy addresses—and reshapes—key issues in the areas of labor, human rights, gender justice, democratization, and sustainable development throughout the world.
A primary goal of transnational advocacy is to create, strengthen, implement, and monitor international norms. How transnational networks go about doing this, why and when they succeed, and what problems and complications they face are the main themes of this book. Looking at a wide range of cases where nongovernmental actors attempt to change norms and the practices of states, international organizations, and firms in the private sector—from debt restructuring to protecting human rights, from anti-dam projects in India to the prodemocracy movement in Indonesia—the authors compellingly depict international nongovernmental organizations and transnational social movements as considerable, emerging powers in international politics, initiating, facilitating, and directing the transformation of global norms and practices.
A primary goal of transnational advocacy is to create, strengthen, implement, and monitor international norms. How transnational networks go about doing this, why and when they succeed, and what problems and complications they face are the main themes of this book. Looking at a wide range of cases where nongovernmental actors attempt to change norms and the practices of states, international organizations, and firms in the private sector—from debt restructuring to protecting human rights, from anti-dam projects in India to the prodemocracy movement in Indonesia—the authors compellingly depict international nongovernmental organizations and transnational social movements as considerable, emerging powers in international politics, initiating, facilitating, and directing the transformation of global norms and practices.
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From the earliest campaign against Augusto Pinochet’s repressive practices to the recent massive demonstrations against the World Trade Organization, transnational collective action involving nongovernmental organizations has been... more
From the earliest campaign against Augusto Pinochet’s repressive practices to the recent massive demonstrations against the World Trade Organization, transnational collective action involving nongovernmental organizations has been restructuring politics and changing the world. Ranging from Santiago to Seattle and covering more than twenty-five years of transnational advocacy, the essays in Restructuring World Politics offer a clear, richly nuanced picture of this process and its far-reaching implications in an increasingly globalized political economy. The book brings together scholars, activists, and policy makers to show how such advocacy addresses—and reshapes—key issues in the areas of labor, human rights, gender justice, democratization, and sustainable development throughout the world.
A primary goal of transnational advocacy is to create, strengthen, implement, and monitor international norms. How transnational networks go about doing this, why and when they succeed, and what problems and complications they face are the main themes of this book. Looking at a wide range of cases where nongovernmental actors attempt to change norms and the practices of states, international organizations, and firms in the private sector—from debt restructuring to protecting human rights, from anti-dam projects in India to the prodemocracy movement in Indonesia—the authors compellingly depict international nongovernmental organizations and transnational social movements as considerable, emerging powers in international politics, initiating, facilitating, and directing the transformation of global norms and practices.
A primary goal of transnational advocacy is to create, strengthen, implement, and monitor international norms. How transnational networks go about doing this, why and when they succeed, and what problems and complications they face are the main themes of this book. Looking at a wide range of cases where nongovernmental actors attempt to change norms and the practices of states, international organizations, and firms in the private sector—from debt restructuring to protecting human rights, from anti-dam projects in India to the prodemocracy movement in Indonesia—the authors compellingly depict international nongovernmental organizations and transnational social movements as considerable, emerging powers in international politics, initiating, facilitating, and directing the transformation of global norms and practices.
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How do we understand the factors that led to the definitive shift toward democratic governance in Indonesia? This chapter examines how NGOs and various transnational actors have influenced the structuring of development politics vis-a-vis... more
How do we understand the factors that led to the definitive shift toward democratic governance in Indonesia? This chapter examines how NGOs and various transnational actors have influenced the structuring of development politics vis-a-vis the state and assesses the rise of civil society in contemporary Indonesia. The chapter emphasizes the importance of the transnational dimension for political change by examining how NGOs, transnational networks, and international donor agencies have strengthened civil society and reshaped the discourse about sustainable development and democracy in Indonesia.
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Civic engagement and its relationship to the health of democracy in America has received nationwide attention during the last decade. While the very definition and scope of "civic engagement" is still contested, policy makers,... more
Civic engagement and its relationship to the health of democracy in America has received nationwide attention during the last decade. While the very definition and scope of "civic engagement" is still contested, policy makers, journalists, researchers, and community leaders have bemoaned a decline in citizen engagement and democracy's capacity to solve public problems at the community level. In the aftermath of the September 11th, 2001 tragedy, initial reports signaled a resurgence in civic engagement and a renewed faith in democracy, however, the research provides mixed evidence regarding the net impact on citizenship and American democratic institutions. Whether Americans are withdrawing from public life or participating in different ways is still a matter of much scholarly contention. Although no consensus has been reached about the overall level (quantity) of civic engagement, the debate has broadened to include important questions about the quality, equality, and sustainability of participation.
What are the key factors that foster, enhance, and sustain citizens' civic engagement and build a community's capacities for reinvigorating democracy? The Democracy Collaborative at the University of Maryland, in partnership with the Center for the Study of Voluntary Organizations and Service at Georgetown University, has conducted a national-level assessment to examine what works to strengthen civic engagement in the United States. Developing a comparative framework to understand the variables that enhance civic engagement and democratic citizenship at the community level, this research study draws on a growing knowledge base of effective civic innovations and strategies of various communities around the United States. The goal of this research effort is to help policy makers, advocates, practitioners, and foundation program officers set objectives and design strategies tailored to the realities of their communities that strengthen civic engagement, community involvement, and, ultimately, democratic citizenship.
What are the key factors that foster, enhance, and sustain citizens' civic engagement and build a community's capacities for reinvigorating democracy? The Democracy Collaborative at the University of Maryland, in partnership with the Center for the Study of Voluntary Organizations and Service at Georgetown University, has conducted a national-level assessment to examine what works to strengthen civic engagement in the United States. Developing a comparative framework to understand the variables that enhance civic engagement and democratic citizenship at the community level, this research study draws on a growing knowledge base of effective civic innovations and strategies of various communities around the United States. The goal of this research effort is to help policy makers, advocates, practitioners, and foundation program officers set objectives and design strategies tailored to the realities of their communities that strengthen civic engagement, community involvement, and, ultimately, democratic citizenship.
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Following the Battle of Seattle, how do we understand the rise of increased transnational advocacy by both civil and uncivil societal actors targeting key global institutions? Is this trajectory toward greater levels of contestation... more
Following the Battle of Seattle, how do we understand the rise of increased transnational advocacy by both civil and uncivil societal actors targeting key global institutions? Is this trajectory toward greater levels of contestation through mobilization of transnational social movements and increased violence going to define and to characterize future global summits? Or can we put the genie – of heightened contestation and violence – back in the bottle? Given the increasing concerns about potential outbreak of violence, how can governments avoid militarizing future global summits? As more public officials now face the prospect of losing their posts if they mishandle the policing of global summits, we are likely to see more proactive and heavy-handed policing of these events. As recent history has shown, aggressive efforts at policing will likely lead activist groups to undertake more provocative and radical actions at future protests. Ultimately, transnational advocates are asking each of us to examine who gains and loses from stifling dialogue about the fundamental questions of who shares the fruits of development and who shapes the rules and architecture of global institutions and systems.
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With the growing importance of non-state and civil society actors engaged in advocacy beyond the state, there is a critical need for systematic theorization of transnational civil society that synthesizes the ongoing scholarly research... more
With the growing importance of non-state and civil society actors engaged in advocacy beyond the state, there is a critical need for systematic theorization of transnational civil society that synthesizes the ongoing scholarly research and goes beyond to take fuller account of the theoretical perspectives and practical experiences of researchers and practitioners around the world. This study provides an initial survey of research, educational, training, and practitioner-scholar engagement initiatives about transnational civil society in the North and South. The study explores possible models for fostering mutually supportive and meaningful North-South research collaborations that advance theory and inform practice in transnational civil society
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OVERVIEW: There is a vital need to reflect critically on the desirability of and the possibilities for democratizing global governance. Significant democratic deficits are limiting the democratic participation of citizens and key... more
OVERVIEW: There is a vital need to reflect critically on the desirability of and the possibilities for democratizing global governance. Significant democratic deficits are limiting the democratic participation of citizens and key stakeholders as well as affecting the capacities of existing global governance institutions to address effectively critical global issues ranging from peace and human security, to human rights and gender justice, equitable development, and ecological sustainability. What should be the roles and responsibilities of various actors such as global governance institutions, states, transnational corporations, civil society organizations, and citizens for overcoming the current democratic deficits in the global governance system? What are the most promising opportunities for reforming and transforming existing global institutions as well as creating alternative global democratic institutions? Given the existing rules and regulatory institutions that shape globalization and the overall architecture of the global governance system, what are global civil society's proactive proposals to build a more democratically governed world? This analysis highlights promising approaches to advancing global democracy ranging from empowering a democratic global civil society, actualizing the democratic potential of parliamentary initiatives, and building democratic linkages at the local, national, regional and global levels that each contribute to democratizing the global economy and global governance. Finally, this analysis highlights promising visions and strategies that global civil society, diverse in its interests but potentially united in its aspirations for a more just and democratic world, can engage with other key actors in creating a global democratic future.
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Il est essentiel d’amorcer une réflexion critique sur l’opportunité et les possibilités de démocratiser la gouvernance mondiale. Des déficits démocratiques importants entraventla participation démocratique des citoyens et principaux... more
Il est essentiel d’amorcer une réflexion critique sur l’opportunité et les possibilités de démocratiser la gouvernance mondiale. Des déficits démocratiques importants entraventla participation démocratique des citoyens et principaux acteurs, ainsi que la capacité desinstitutions de la gouvernance mondiale d’aborder de manière efficace des enjeux d’uneimportance vitale : paix et sécurité, droits de la personne et justice entre les sexes, développement équitable et viabilité écologique. Quels sont les rôles et responsabilités dévolus aux institutions de la gouvernance mondiale, aux États, aux sociétés transnationales, aux organisations de la société civile et aux citoyens pour combler les déficits démocratiques du système actuel? Quelles sont les avenues les plus prometteuses pour réformer et transformer les institutions mondiales existantes et trouver des solutions de rechange démocratiques?Compte tenu des règles et des institutions qui régissent la mondialisation et l’architecture globale du présent système de gouvernance mondiale, quelles solutions la société civile mondiale propose-t-elle pour édifier un monde gouverné de manière plus démocratique?Cette analyse souligne les démarches prometteuses pour l’essor de la démocratie mondiale : autonomisation de la société civile mondiale démocratique, actualisation du potentiel démocratique des projets parlementaires, création de liens démocratiques àl’échelle locale, nationale, régionale et mondiale en vue de démocratiser l’économie et la gouvernance mondiales. Elle présente pour conclure les visions et stratégies prometteusesque la société civile mondiale – avec sa diversité d’intérêts et ses aspirations communes àun monde plus juste et plus démocratique – peut réaliser de concert avec d’autres acteursen vue d’instaurer un avenir démocratique à l’échelle mondiale.
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Research Interests:
The state, institutional pluralism, and development from below : the changing political parameters of State-NGO relations in Indonesia / (1998). Riker, James V. Abstract. Thesis (Ph. D.)--Cornell University, 1998. This dissertation... more
The state, institutional pluralism, and development from below : the changing political parameters of State-NGO relations in Indonesia / (1998). Riker, James V. Abstract. Thesis (Ph. D.)--Cornell University, 1998.
This dissertation examines the recent reconfiguration of state-society relations in developing countries generally, and specifically examines these dynamics in contemporary Indonesia. It focuses on the emerging role of the voluntary (collective action) sector vis-a-vis the state and private sectors. The increasing importance of this alternative sector in influencing the development agenda, undertaking functions previously performed by the state and, in the process, contributing to political development has broadened the role of citizens in the political process. The prolific growth of Indonesia's non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in the 1980s and 1990s has created pressures for recasting the objectives of development and the nature of democracy in Indonesia and has led to alternative institutions emerging within civil society which seek to change people's relations with the state.
This study examines the changing political context and the parameters that shape relations between the state and non-governmental organizations. It presents the concept of "political space," the main dimensions that shape political space in a polity, and an analytical framework for interpreting the political dynamics between the state and NGOs. This framework is employed to examine the evolution of state-NGO relations in Indonesia, and to analyze the strategies employed by both actors to shape the political space for autonomous action in Indonesia's authoritarian political system from 1966 to 1997.
Based on empirical analysis of NGO cases in Central Java and Jakarta, this study explains how a growing number of NGOs have created greater political space for their activities through promoting participatory development initiatives from below and by fostering institutional pluralism at multiple levels in Indonesia's emerging civil society. Special attention is given to understanding Indonesian NGOs' international linkages. A select group of international donor agencies, international NGOs, and private foundations have played a pivotal role in supporting Indonesian NGOs vis-a-vis the Suharto government through development aid, technical assistance, and policy guidance and advocacy. In the process, NGOs have become significant actors for advancing sustainable development and strengthening civil society in Indonesia.
This dissertation examines the recent reconfiguration of state-society relations in developing countries generally, and specifically examines these dynamics in contemporary Indonesia. It focuses on the emerging role of the voluntary (collective action) sector vis-a-vis the state and private sectors. The increasing importance of this alternative sector in influencing the development agenda, undertaking functions previously performed by the state and, in the process, contributing to political development has broadened the role of citizens in the political process. The prolific growth of Indonesia's non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in the 1980s and 1990s has created pressures for recasting the objectives of development and the nature of democracy in Indonesia and has led to alternative institutions emerging within civil society which seek to change people's relations with the state.
This study examines the changing political context and the parameters that shape relations between the state and non-governmental organizations. It presents the concept of "political space," the main dimensions that shape political space in a polity, and an analytical framework for interpreting the political dynamics between the state and NGOs. This framework is employed to examine the evolution of state-NGO relations in Indonesia, and to analyze the strategies employed by both actors to shape the political space for autonomous action in Indonesia's authoritarian political system from 1966 to 1997.
Based on empirical analysis of NGO cases in Central Java and Jakarta, this study explains how a growing number of NGOs have created greater political space for their activities through promoting participatory development initiatives from below and by fostering institutional pluralism at multiple levels in Indonesia's emerging civil society. Special attention is given to understanding Indonesian NGOs' international linkages. A select group of international donor agencies, international NGOs, and private foundations have played a pivotal role in supporting Indonesian NGOs vis-a-vis the Suharto government through development aid, technical assistance, and policy guidance and advocacy. In the process, NGOs have become significant actors for advancing sustainable development and strengthening civil society in Indonesia.
Research Interests: Sustainable Development, Democratization, Transnational Advocacy Networks, Civil Society, Indonesian Politics, and 7 moreParticipatory Development, Nongovernmental organizations, Political Space, State-society relations, Institutional Pluralism, state-NGO relationship, and International Donor Agencies
For the full version of this article, see "Government-NGO Relations in Asia" book listing below!
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For the full version of this article, see "Government-NGO Relations in Asia" book listing below!
Research Interests:
Governments and NGOs (non-governmental organizations) in Asia face critical development challenges. This volume examines ways to improve the policy environment for NGOs in Asia so that they may contribute more effectively to the... more
Governments and NGOs (non-governmental organizations) in Asia face critical development challenges. This volume examines ways to improve the policy environment for NGOs in Asia so that they may contribute more effectively to the development process. The contributors identify the main factors which influence the policy environment for NGOs, characterize and compare the political space for NGOs, examine the roles that governments and international development agencies can play in supporting NGOs, and propose possible strategies and policy guidelines for improving government-NGO relations in Asia.
[For the full version of this article, see "Government-NGO Relations in Asia" book listing below!]
[For the full version of this article, see "Government-NGO Relations in Asia" book listing below!]
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The dynamic tension between NGOs maneuvering for greater participation in the development and political process and the state trying to curb NGO activities illustrates the shifting boundaries of political space. In Southeast Asia, the... more
The dynamic tension between NGOs maneuvering for greater participation in the development and political process and the state trying to curb NGO activities illustrates the shifting boundaries of political space. In Southeast Asia, the case of contemporary Indonesia best illustrates this tension. The prolific growth of indigenous NGOs in Indonesia in the 1980s has made them a key institutional actor in environmental and development politics. Since the mid-1980s, Indonesian NGOs have initiated an ongoing debate about the nature of environmental and development policy in Indonesia, and the role of the state's, NGOs' and people's participation in the development process. Indonesian NGOs have promoted development from below and have built linkages at the grassroots, regional (sub-national), national and international levels in support of sustainable development. Indonesia's NGOs are putting pressure on the government not only domestically but through linkages with international environmental groups in the United States, Europe and Japan. Indonesia's environmental NGOs have largely spearheaded these broader efforts to gain political space vis-a-vis the government. However, as Indonesian NGOs have gained greater political space in the late 1980s and early 1990s, the government of Indonesia has subjected them to greater scrutiny and taken a number of measures to limit their autonomy. Thus, it is within this setting that the debate over the definition and direction of sustainable development is being waged by NGOs in Indonesia.
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Working Paper Series on Development at a Crossroads: Uncertain Paths to Sustainability, No. 15, Global Studies Research Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, February 1994.
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A Mid-Term Evaluation of The Asia Foundation's Multi-Project Grant AID-7090. Report prepared for The Asia Foundation, Jakarta, Indonesia, February 1990.
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Serious questions are being raised within Sri Lanka concerning the wisdom of its food and agricultural policies. This chapter reports on the vision and values of National Heritage, a Buddhist agrarian social movement, which is raising key... more
Serious questions are being raised within Sri Lanka concerning the wisdom of its food and agricultural policies. This chapter reports on the vision and values of National Heritage, a Buddhist agrarian social movement, which is raising key questions for national and international debate, and presents three alternative solutions to current food and agricultural problems in Sri Lanka and the developing world. Within Sri Lanka there is a heritage, both cultural and agricultural, which can be an appropriate resource for humane development, particularly when it is applied to the practical concerns and problems throughout the nation. To dismiss or discard the accumulated wisdom of such a heritage is to do so without understanding the values which have protected people's livelihoods, and thus agriculture, for centuries. Hence, it is hoped that Sri Lankans themselves will recognize the invaluable worth of their own cultural and agricultural heritage (and values) and to seek to preserve all that is essential in it. National Heritage ultimately believes that this is necessary if the people are to contribute to the creation and evaluation of their own unique form of sustainable agriculture in a realistic way.
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From the earliest campaign against Augusto Pinochet’s repressive practices to the recent massive demonstrations against the World Trade Organization, transnational collective action involving nongovernmental organizations has been... more
From the earliest campaign against Augusto Pinochet’s repressive practices to the recent massive demonstrations against the World Trade Organization, transnational collective action involving nongovernmental organizations has been restructuring politics and changing the world. Ranging from Santiago to Seattle and covering more than twenty-five years of transnational advocacy, the essays in Restructuring World Politics offer a clear, richly nuanced picture of this process and its far-reaching implications in an increasingly globalized political economy. The book brings together scholars, activists, and policy makers to show how such advocacy addresses—and reshapes—key issues in the areas of labor, human rights, gender justice, democratization, and sustainable development throughout the world.
A primary goal of transnational advocacy is to create, strengthen, implement, and monitor international norms. How transnational networks go about doing this, why and when they succeed, and what problems and complications they face are the main themes of this book. Looking at a wide range of cases where nongovernmental actors attempt to change norms and the practices of states, international organizations, and firms in the private sector—from debt restructuring to protecting human rights, from anti-dam projects in India to the prodemocracy movement in Indonesia—the authors compellingly depict international nongovernmental organizations and transnational social movements as considerable, emerging powers in international politics, initiating, facilitating, and directing the transformation of global norms and practices.
A primary goal of transnational advocacy is to create, strengthen, implement, and monitor international norms. How transnational networks go about doing this, why and when they succeed, and what problems and complications they face are the main themes of this book. Looking at a wide range of cases where nongovernmental actors attempt to change norms and the practices of states, international organizations, and firms in the private sector—from debt restructuring to protecting human rights, from anti-dam projects in India to the prodemocracy movement in Indonesia—the authors compellingly depict international nongovernmental organizations and transnational social movements as considerable, emerging powers in international politics, initiating, facilitating, and directing the transformation of global norms and practices.
Research Interests:
Drawing directly on the historical knowledge and contemporary scholars and nonprofit practitioners, the Nonprofit Leadership and Democracy Project of the Union Institute's Center for Public Policy developed educational and training... more
Drawing directly on the historical knowledge and contemporary scholars and nonprofit practitioners, the Nonprofit Leadership and Democracy Project of the Union Institute's Center for Public Policy developed educational and training materials to help equip current and future leaders with the strategic vision to meet the complex challenges facing the nonprofit sector. Incorporating active learning approaches, The Nonprofit Leadership and Democracy Curriculum Guidebook helps nonprofit leaders develop their organization's core capacities for strategic analysis, participatory research, innovative civic action, and public issue advocacy. The curriculum's lessons are designed to examine nonprofit leaders' critical role in advancing social justice and deepening democracy, and provides lessons and guidance to help them to examine and develop these core leadership capacities in order that they can enhance their performance and meet their organizational goals. The Nonprofit Leadership and Democracy Curriculum was developed with support from the David and Lucille Packard Foundation.
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A Program to End Hunger: Hunger 2000 presents a politically feasible and economically
affordable plan for overcoming widespread undernutrition worldwide in the early 21st century.
affordable plan for overcoming widespread undernutrition worldwide in the early 21st century.
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The Changing Politics of Hunger highlights the possibilities for realizing the necessary political changes to overcome hunger in the United States and around the world. Significant progress has been made in combating hunger over the past... more
The Changing Politics of Hunger highlights the possibilities for realizing the necessary political changes to overcome hunger in the United States and around the world. Significant progress has been made in combating hunger over the past 25 years. In 1998, new opportunities, from a dynamic economy, the global communications revolution to the spread of democracy, offer promising possibilities to change the politics of hunger and eliminate widespread hunger.
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Governments and NGOs (non-governmental organizations) in Asia face critical development challenges. This volume examines ways to improve the policy environment for NGOs in Asia so that they may contribute more effectively to the... more
Governments and NGOs (non-governmental organizations) in Asia face critical development challenges. This volume examines ways to improve the policy environment for NGOs in Asia so that they may contribute more effectively to the development process. The contributors identify the main factors which influence the policy environment for NGOs, characterize and compare the political space for NGOs, examine the roles that governments and international development agencies can play in supporting NGOs, and propose possible strategies and policy guidelines for improving government-NGO relations in Asia.
Research Interests: Asian Studies, International Political Economy, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), Rural Development, Governance and Civil Society, and 6 moreMultidisciplinary, International Aid and Development, Role of the voluntary sector in public policy process and service delivery, and state-voluntary sector relations, People-centered Development, Suistainable Devlopment, and Government-NGO Relations
Indonesia’s Indigenous Peoples are on the frontlines of the global climate crisis struggling to protect their rights and livelihoods due to large-scale deforestation, timber extraction and burning of forest lands, rising coastal flooding,... more
Indonesia’s Indigenous Peoples are on the frontlines of the global climate crisis struggling to protect their rights and livelihoods due to large-scale deforestation, timber extraction and burning of forest lands, rising coastal flooding, mining of coal and other minerals, and the growing loss of biodiversity. Taking a broad human rights perspective, this paper will explore the looming ecological, health, social and livelihood impacts of climate change on Indigenous Peoples in Indonesia. Specific attention will focus on the adaptive capacity of indigenous communities to respond to climate change by drawing on indigenous knowledge systems and practices that advance nature-based solutions. This analysis will highlight various modes of resistance to development and extraction that threaten their livelihoods, and identify effective channels to advocate and to lobby for indigenous communities’ rights over their lands and access to natural resources. How to do Indigenous Peoples engage in collective action at the grassroots and link to broader national, regional, and global social movements for protecting indigenous rights and catalyzing effective climate action? Drawing on the pioneering work of Aliansi Masyarakat Adat Nusantara (The Indigenous Peoples’ Alliance of the Archipelago, AMAN), this analysis will identify strategies to amplify and to support their efforts to protect indigenous people’s rights, ensure sustainable livelihoods, and combat climate change.
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As the world's fourth leading contributor of global greenhouse (GGH) emissions, Indonesia raises important questions for understanding the structural dynamics affecting environmental movements, state-civil society relations, and... more
As the world's fourth leading contributor of global greenhouse (GGH) emissions, Indonesia raises important questions for understanding the structural dynamics affecting environmental movements, state-civil society relations, and democratic governance. The environmental movement in Indonesia emerged in the 1980s as a spearhead for nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) to promote local participatory governance and sustainable development through advocacy on grassroots activism and resistance. NGOs engaged in collective action at the national and regional levels to protest large-scale development projects that threatened communities' livelihoods and natural resources. The expansion of palm oil plantations in the late-1990s and 2000s led to deforestation of rainforests in Kalimantan and Sumatra, galvanizing transnational networks to challenge the government and corporations. Since the 2000s, the state has undercut the environmental movement and its transnational linkages. This analysis explores the implications for re-mobilizing the environmental movement in Indonesia to advance action on climate justice and environmental sustainability.
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This analysis will examine to what extent and how transnational advocacy networks (TANs) have influenced the dynamics of domestic political and economic institutions in Southeast Asia in the decade following since the 1997-1998 Asian... more
This analysis will examine to what extent and how transnational advocacy networks (TANs) have influenced the dynamics of domestic political and economic institutions in Southeast Asia in the decade following since the 1997-1998 Asian financial crisis in terms of various initiatives for greater regional economic and political integration. By exploring the dynamics of transnational advocacy networks in Southeast Asia engaged in policy advocacy on vital economic, political and security issues, the analysis will focus on how emerging concepts of regional democratic governance, human rights, human security, and sustainable development have led to different state responses in Southeast Asia. Support for this emerging regional discourse has influenced and reconfigured domestic political and economic institutions in Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and Thailand. At the same time, transnational advocacy networks have been resisted in Myanmar, Singapore and Vietnam that have limited broader debates about regional political and economic integration. This analysis will provide a framework for understanding the factors that shape the forms that domestic political and economic institutions take in broader regional context in Southeast Asia.
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This paper explores how participatory and collaborative governance processes and practices can enhance food security in the developing world. Specifically, this paper examines innovative governance processes and practices and assesses... more
This paper explores how participatory and collaborative governance processes and practices can enhance food security in the developing world. Specifically, this paper examines innovative governance processes and practices and assesses their effectiveness and relevance for enhancing food security and nutrition at the local, sub-national and national levels. The focus is on new public sector-initiated governance processes (i.e., administrative, quasi-legislative, and quasi-judicial governance processes) as well as civil society-initiated processes that are emerging that enable citizens and key stakeholders to participate actively in governance processes. These include deliberative polling, public conversations and civic dialogue meetings, participatory budgeting, citizen juries, study circles, collaborative policy-making, and alternative dispute resolution processes. The focus is on innovative processes, drawing on empirical cases of participatory and collaborative governance from Brazil, Chile, China, India, Indonesia, and South Africa. This analysis will review these innovative processes within the context of enhancing food and nutritional security by developing broad criteria and insights about effective participatory and collaborative governance processes and practices. Finally, this analysis identifies key lessons by assessing the contextual factors that can strengthen, adapt, and scale up these governance innovations to maximize their potential impact for ensuring food security and nutrition at local, sub-national, and national levels.
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Presentation to the Policy Round Table on “Financially Unaccountable International Financial Institutions,” International NGO Forum on Indonesian Development (INFID), Jakarta, Indonesia, 13 June 2006.
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Working Paper Series on Development at a Crossroads: Uncertain Paths to Sustainability, No. 15, Global Studies Research Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, February 1994.
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The purpose of this presentation is to understand how democratic theory and practice can inform and serve as the basis for effective multi-stakeholder participation and governance processes that enhance food security at multiple levels.... more
The purpose of this presentation is to understand how democratic theory and practice can inform and serve as the basis for effective multi-stakeholder participation and
governance processes that enhance food security at multiple levels. Significant democratic deficits are limiting the democratic participation of citizens and key stakeholders as well as affecting the capacities of existing governance institutions to address effectively critical issues ranging from hunger and poverty alleviation, to peace and human security, human rights and gender justice, equitable development, and ecological sustainability. Despite public pronouncements about the elements of “good governance,” much still remains to be learned about getting governance right. What is the proper and most effective mix of institutions, rules, policies, and actors (i.e., public sector, private sector, and civil society) to enhance food security at the global, regional, national, sub-national, and local levels What governance approaches will foster an enabling institutional and policy environment that encourages collective action, learning, and capacity-building that leads to positive nutritional and food-secure outcomes?
governance processes that enhance food security at multiple levels. Significant democratic deficits are limiting the democratic participation of citizens and key stakeholders as well as affecting the capacities of existing governance institutions to address effectively critical issues ranging from hunger and poverty alleviation, to peace and human security, human rights and gender justice, equitable development, and ecological sustainability. Despite public pronouncements about the elements of “good governance,” much still remains to be learned about getting governance right. What is the proper and most effective mix of institutions, rules, policies, and actors (i.e., public sector, private sector, and civil society) to enhance food security at the global, regional, national, sub-national, and local levels What governance approaches will foster an enabling institutional and policy environment that encourages collective action, learning, and capacity-building that leads to positive nutritional and food-secure outcomes?
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While the 20th Century witnessed the triumph of democracy as an idea, the fundamental challenge of the 21st Century is to overcome the crisis of democracy in terms of process, policy, and practice, especially at the global level. Various... more
While the 20th Century witnessed the triumph of democracy as an idea, the fundamental challenge of the 21st Century is to overcome the crisis of democracy in terms of process, policy, and practice, especially at the global level. Various scholars of international relations (IR) have proposed a range of approaches with different trajectories and institutional arrangements for democratizing global governance. At the same time, leading civil society organizations and networks have engaged in advocacy for democratizing key global institutions. Despite these efforts, civil society activists and scholars have little shared understanding and agreement about how to assess critically these approaches, and to impact positively and democratize global governance -- that is, the rules and regulatory institutions that shape globalization. Consequently, there is a vital need to map and to evaluate the most promising theoretical approaches and visions being advocated for democratizing global governance in the 21st Century.
Global civil society advocacy and social mobilization have contributed to, in certain contexts, democratizing the practices of states and international institutions. However, asymmetries in power relations require the development of effective democratic mechanisms for participation, accountability, representation, deliberation, and transparent decision-making among transnational civil society organizations, and global institutions. Efforts by both scholars and civil society activists are urgently needed to understand the practical ideas of exercising power and creating alternative democratic governance arrangements at the global level. Consequently, by analyzing the contending perspectives of both scholars and civil society activists, this paper seeks to enhance our collective understanding about the diverse range of forms and prospects for leading democratic approaches to global governance, identify the criteria for evaluating these approaches, assess their potential trajectories, and share lessons for advancing democratic theory, strategy, policy and practice at the global level.
Global civil society advocacy and social mobilization have contributed to, in certain contexts, democratizing the practices of states and international institutions. However, asymmetries in power relations require the development of effective democratic mechanisms for participation, accountability, representation, deliberation, and transparent decision-making among transnational civil society organizations, and global institutions. Efforts by both scholars and civil society activists are urgently needed to understand the practical ideas of exercising power and creating alternative democratic governance arrangements at the global level. Consequently, by analyzing the contending perspectives of both scholars and civil society activists, this paper seeks to enhance our collective understanding about the diverse range of forms and prospects for leading democratic approaches to global governance, identify the criteria for evaluating these approaches, assess their potential trajectories, and share lessons for advancing democratic theory, strategy, policy and practice at the global level.
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Since the 1980s, civil society organizations -- comprised of community, labor, nongovernmental, public interest and philanthropic organizations -- have become significant institutional actors engaged in shaping debate about the public... more
Since the 1980s, civil society organizations -- comprised of community, labor, nongovernmental, public interest and philanthropic organizations -- have become significant institutional actors engaged in shaping debate about the public good, mobilizing citizens for common action, and advancing advocacy for human rights, political liberalization and democratic governance in various countries in Asia. Despite these political developments, the democratic potential of civil society in the Asian region remains incomplete as civil society advocacy is too often limited to relatively few elite-based organizations that may or may not be "legitimate" or "democratic" voices for civil society and the common good. This paper analyzes the changing nature of state-civil society relations, the institutional factors, political bases and social forces that have led to national-level civil society organizations to form transnational advocacy networks (TANs) within Asia to address human rights, trade (e.g., APEC), security (ASEAN), and development policies. Finally, the paper examines the implications for democratizing civil society, and various non-state forms and venues for governance within the Asian region.
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With the advent of the new millennium, there is a critical need to rethink the dominant paradigms shaping global development and international relations. The purpose of this paper is to propose a transformative agenda that re-examines the... more
With the advent of the new millennium, there is a critical need to rethink the dominant paradigms shaping global development and international relations. The purpose of this paper is to propose a transformative agenda that re-examines the dynamics of reshaping globalization and highlights the implications for advancing democratic empowerment and sustainable development at multiple sites and levels. By its nature, this analysis is normative in orientation with an explicit focus on how global rules and institutions can be transformed to advance democracy and sustainable human development. Drawing on the empirical experiences of transnational advocacy networks (TANs), transnational coalitions, and transnational social movements around the world, the paper will provide critical perspectives by transnational civil society actors from both the global North and South about the possibilities for meso- and macro-level change in redefining and reorienting globalization, democracy and development. Finally, this paper will set out a transformative research and policy agenda that highlights the political and institutional strategies for mobilizing key actors across sectors and influencing systemic change on this important set of issues.
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Considerable debate exists about the potential contribution that indigenous nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) can have in influencing state policy-making and fostering democracy, especially in the developing world. During the rule of... more
Considerable debate exists about the potential contribution that indigenous nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) can have in influencing state policy-making and fostering democracy, especially in the developing world. During the rule of the Suharto government from the late 1980s and throughout the 1990s, Indonesian NGOS became significant actors for advancing sustainable development and promoting democracy. Since the decisive break from authoritarian rule toward democratic governance in late-1998, nongovernmental organizations -- comprised of community, public interest, religious and philanthropic organizations -- are engaged in educating and mobilizing citizens, shaping public debate about the public good, and improving their advocacy for environmental protection, human rights, poverty alleviation, political liberalization and democratic governance in contemporary Indonesia.
This analysis will offer insights and lessons about evolving NGO advocacy strategies and practices in affecting policy change across multiple sectors and in promoting democratic governance in Indonesia. Based on interviews with Indonesian NGO leaders, this paper will draw on the experience of a wide array of civil society organizations, especially those organizations promoting democratic debate, addressing economic and political corruption, and organizing advocacy efforts at the grassroots, provincial, national, regional and transnational levels. This analysis will also examine how Indonesian NGOs have adapted their advocacy strategies to influence state policies and to strengthen civil society and promote democracy in the post-Suharto period. Several key NGO leaders have now assumed positions in the new government and are working closely with NGOs to enact policy changes necessary for advancing sustainable development and political reforms. Specifically, this paper analyzes how Indonesian NGOs have engaged in coordinated, multi-sectoral advocacy to influence state policy-making in key areas such as environmental protection, human rights, poverty alleviation and political reform. Through this evolving process, Indonesian NGOs are spurring citizen debate about the public good, redefining the public policy agenda, and promoting innovative citizen initiatives that foster democratic governance.
This analysis will offer insights and lessons about evolving NGO advocacy strategies and practices in affecting policy change across multiple sectors and in promoting democratic governance in Indonesia. Based on interviews with Indonesian NGO leaders, this paper will draw on the experience of a wide array of civil society organizations, especially those organizations promoting democratic debate, addressing economic and political corruption, and organizing advocacy efforts at the grassroots, provincial, national, regional and transnational levels. This analysis will also examine how Indonesian NGOs have adapted their advocacy strategies to influence state policies and to strengthen civil society and promote democracy in the post-Suharto period. Several key NGO leaders have now assumed positions in the new government and are working closely with NGOs to enact policy changes necessary for advancing sustainable development and political reforms. Specifically, this paper analyzes how Indonesian NGOs have engaged in coordinated, multi-sectoral advocacy to influence state policy-making in key areas such as environmental protection, human rights, poverty alleviation and political reform. Through this evolving process, Indonesian NGOs are spurring citizen debate about the public good, redefining the public policy agenda, and promoting innovative citizen initiatives that foster democratic governance.
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Paper prepared for the 2001 INDEPENDENT SECTOR Spring Research Forum on "The Impact of Information Technology on Civil Society: How will online innovation, philanthropy, and volunteerism serve the common good?" Washington, DC, March 15 –... more
Paper prepared for the 2001 INDEPENDENT SECTOR Spring Research Forum on "The Impact of Information Technology on Civil Society: How will online innovation, philanthropy, and volunteerism serve the common good?" Washington, DC, March 15 – 16, 2001.
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This paper attempts to go beyond state-centered theoretical approaches to global governance by looking at inter-societal linkages as the basis for political action in an emerging global civil society. Concerted political action by... more
This paper attempts to go beyond state-centered theoretical approaches to global governance by looking at inter-societal linkages as the basis for political action in an emerging global civil society. Concerted political action by non-state actors across state and society boundaries in the areas of the environment, human rights, peace, women's rights, and international development policy has presented a new mode for international politics. Citizens groups, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and private individuals are no longer depending on their governments alone to seize the initiative on political issues of global significance but are forming new linkages and political alliances horizontally across state boundaries to take joint action to monitor and influence human rights practices, major development projects, corporate business practices, as well as environmental and labor practices. In the process, new arenas for political action are being created at the transnational level.
This paper will consider three types of transnational actors across societies that seek to transcend the state: transnational issue networks, transnational social movement organizations, and transnational professional organizations. This analysis will examine the impetus behind their emergence and the types of linkages they form with the NGOs, states, funding actors and other actors; the ways they influence the policies and practices of states and international organizations; the roles they are playing in the creation and shaping of global civil society, public spheres and democratic governance. Finally, this paper will examine to what extent these non-state actors can promote and transform transnational and global forms of governance.
This paper will consider three types of transnational actors across societies that seek to transcend the state: transnational issue networks, transnational social movement organizations, and transnational professional organizations. This analysis will examine the impetus behind their emergence and the types of linkages they form with the NGOs, states, funding actors and other actors; the ways they influence the policies and practices of states and international organizations; the roles they are playing in the creation and shaping of global civil society, public spheres and democratic governance. Finally, this paper will examine to what extent these non-state actors can promote and transform transnational and global forms of governance.