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To study the effects of irrigation regimes and organic fertilizers (compost and vermicompost) on mucilage percentage and some quality characteristics of borago (Borago officinalis) a field experiment was conducted in a split plot... more
To study the effects of irrigation regimes and organic fertilizers (compost and vermicompost) on mucilage percentage and some quality characteristics of borago (Borago officinalis) a field experiment was conducted in a split plot arrangement based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Iran during 2012. Irrigation regimes were S1: 100% FC, as control, S2: 80% FC (moderate stress) and S3: 60% FC (severe stress) and application of organic fertilizers: N1: without fertilizer as control, N2: 40 t.ha-1 compost, N3: 4 t.ha-1 vermicompost were assigned to main plots and sub plots, respectively. The results showed that N, P and K, as well as the amount of chlorophyll a, carotenoid and total chlorophyll content decreased with increasing drought stress, but decreasing effects of fertilizers levels on traits were not high. Stress conditions and application of compost increased sodium percentage. By increasi...
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Nowadays, transgenic plants are used as an attractive alternative to produce recombinant pharmaceutical proteins. Recombinant proteins such as vaccines and antibodies can be produced in plants via two systemes: stable genetic... more
Nowadays, transgenic plants are used as an attractive alternative to produce recombinant pharmaceutical proteins. Recombinant proteins such as vaccines and antibodies can be produced in plants via two systemes: stable genetic transformation and transient expression. Stable transformation is included of integrating a gene into the plant nuclear or chloroplast genome. The transient expression can be resulted by using plant viral technology. The use of biopharming technology to produce vaccines in plants overcomes some of the major problems of traditional vaccination. This technology eliminate hazard of contamination with animal pathogens and provide a cheaper and safer alternative method. However, there are some challeneges in biopharming such as purification and glycosylation. In this article, expression systemes of plant vaccines, antibody production in plants and its application, challenges in biopharming and future perspective are discussed.
Biotechnology is the use of living systems and organisms to develop or make useful products, or any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes... more
Biotechnology is the use of living systems and organisms to develop or make useful products, or any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use. i t is at the intersection of science and ethics. Technological developments are shaped by an ethical vision, which in turn is shaped by available technology. Biotechnology can produce unanticipated consequences that cause harm or people. The ethical assessment of new technologies, including biotechnology, requires a different approach to ethics. Changes are necessary because new technology can have a more profound impact on the world. Given the potential to profoundly change the future course of humanity, such questions require careful consideration. The power and potential of biotechnology demands caution to ensure ethical progress.
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رادراخ یگنرفرگنک هايگ ( Cynara cardunculus L ) یفلع هايگ کي یم هلاس دنچ و ديئولپيد دشاب . یم ناتکورف یگنرف رگنک دنق دشاب یتبايد یارب رظن نيا زا و دراد ار نوخ دنق رب رثا نيرتمک هک اه یم ديفم رايسب دشاب . رضاح قيقحت زا فده ب یبايزرا و... more
رادراخ یگنرفرگنک هايگ ( Cynara cardunculus L ) یفلع هايگ کي یم هلاس دنچ و ديئولپيد دشاب . یم ناتکورف یگنرف رگنک دنق دشاب یتبايد یارب رظن نيا زا و دراد ار نوخ دنق رب رثا نيرتمک هک اه یم ديفم رايسب دشاب . رضاح قيقحت زا فده ب یبايزرا و یياسانش ،یزاس ادج ناتکورف نژ یبسن ناي 9 زلاورديهوزگا ( FEH1 ) دوب یگنرف رگنک هايگ رد . لماکت دنور یبايزرا و یياسانش یاتسار رد نژ یلوکلوم FEH1 هنومن زا رادراخ یگنرف رگنک هايگ یگرب یاه DNA ريثکت زا سپ و جارختسا کينکت طسوت PCR یلاوت یباي ش د . تارذ ونان ،یروش تارثا یسررب تهج نينچمه و زبس زتنس هرقن نژ یبسن نايب رييغت رب ديسا کيليسلاس FEH1 هب یشيامزآ ، لاماک حرط بلاق رد ليروتکاف تروص دش ارجا هناخلگ رد یفداصت . شور هب نژ نيا یبسن نايب یوگلا Real Time PCR دش هديجنس . هيزجت جياتن و یلاوت ليلحت اه نژ یديتوئلکون ی FEH1 زاب هب قلعتم یناوارف نيرتشيب هک داد ناشن نيناوگ ( 65 / 39 ) زاب هب طوبرم یناوارف نيرتمک و نيميت ( 4 / 92 ) یم دشاب . جياتن نينچمه تست
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Rice blast caused by the fungal pathogen,Magnaporthegrisea (anamorph: Pyriculariagrisea) limits rice yield in all major rice-growing regions of the world.Conventional breeding for disease resistance is tedious, time consuming and mostly... more
Rice blast caused by the fungal pathogen,Magnaporthegrisea (anamorph: Pyriculariagrisea) limits rice yield in all major rice-growing regions of the world.Conventional breeding for disease resistance is tedious, time consuming and mostly dependent on environment as compare to molecular breeding particularly marker assisted selection, which is easier, highly efficient and precise. Of the different types of molecular markers,microsatellites have been utilized most extensively, because they can be readily amplifiedby PCR and the large amount of allelic variation at each locus. Microsatellites are alsoknown as simple sequence repeats (SSR),These markers are abundant, distributed throughout the genome and are highlypolymorphic compared with other genetic markers.Recent advances in rice genomics have now made it possible to identify and map a number of genes through linkage to existing DNA markers. Among the more noteworthy examples of genes that have been tightly linked to molecular marke...
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Background: C. cretica is a medicinal and ornamental halophytic plant which used for alterative, anthelmintic, tonic and aphrodisiac purposes. The purpose of this study was to detect the quercetin content in C. cretica and to evaluate the... more
Background: C. cretica is a medicinal and ornamental halophytic plant which used for alterative, anthelmintic, tonic and aphrodisiac purposes. The purpose of this study was to detect the quercetin content in C. cretica and to evaluate the effects of exogenous application of abscisic acid and cytokinin hormones on FLS gene expression. Methods: Abscisic acid and cytokinin (BAP) was sprayed in two-stages (8 days intervals) with two different concentration of 300 and 500 ppm. Quercetin content was confirmed by HPLC analysis in aerial parts of plant. Results: The findings revealed that gene expression of FLS increased in the second stage of abscisic acid treatment. Observation showed significant differences in gene expression between treated and control samples, at level of 1%. In the first phase, there were no significant differences between the abscisic acid treated and control samples. In addition, the cytokinin treatment (500 ppm) resulted to the expression of the FLS gene at 5% leve...
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The antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are biologically active molecules produced by wide variety of organisms as an essential component of their innate immune response. Animals and plants have coexisted with microbes throughout their... more
The antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are biologically active molecules produced by wide variety of organisms as an essential component of their innate immune response. Animals and plants have coexisted with microbes throughout their evolution, sometimes to their mutual benefit, often in open warfare. The cells of insects and animals produce various antimicrobial substances that act as endogenous antibiotics or disinfectants. The primary role of the AMPs is host defense by exerting cytotoxicity on the invading pathogenic microorganisms, and they also serve as immune modulators in higher organisms. Although hundreds of antimicrobial peptides have now been characterized as having widely diverse sequences, these peptides have been classified into relatively few conformational paradigms. In this article, attempts have been made to describe antimicrobial peptide's structure and diversity, types and characteristics of antimicrobial peptides, classify antimicrobial peptides according to th...
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Taxus baccata is classified as a conifer in the order Pinales, family Taxaceae and genus Taxus. The leaves are thin and long, with spiral arrangement, upper surface of the lamina is dark green and glossy but the lower surface is light... more
Taxus baccata is classified as a conifer in the order Pinales, family Taxaceae and genus Taxus. The leaves are thin and long, with spiral arrangement, upper surface of the lamina is dark green and glossy but the lower surface is light green. In recent years, plant tissue culture techniques has become a powerful tool for the propagation of many plant species. In this research weight of callus was analyzed to determination of appropriate medium culture. This study was performed in randomized design with three replicated in 2014. The MS medium culture was containing NAA and Kin hormones. ANOVA showed a significant difference at 1% probability level. Maximum callus weight belongs to 0.25 mg/l Kinetin and 2 mg/l NAA. Therefore, hormones amount used in this research can induce callus in Taxus baccata. Keyword: Taxus (Taxus baccata), Callus, Kinetin, NAA
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RNA silencing plays a critical role in plant resistance against viruses, with multiple silencing factors participating in antiviral defense. Both RNA and DNA viruses are targeted by the small RNA-directed RNA degradation pathway, with DNA... more
RNA silencing plays a critical role in plant resistance against viruses, with multiple silencing factors participating in antiviral defense. Both RNA and DNA viruses are targeted by the small RNA-directed RNA degradation pathway, with DNA viruses being also targeted by RNA-directed DNA methylation. To evade RNA silencing, plant viruses have evolved a variety of counter-defense mechanisms such as expressing RNA-silencing suppressors or adopting silencing-resistant RNA structures. This constant defense–counter defense arms race is likely to have played a major role in defining viral host specificity and in shaping viral and possibly host genomes. Recent studies have provided evidence that RNA silencing also plays a direct role in viral disease induction in plants, with viral RNA-silencing suppressors and viral siRNAs as potentially the dominant players in viral pathogenicity. However, questions remain as to whether RNA silencing is the principal mediator of viral pathogenicity or if o...
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Research Interests: Biology, Drought Stress, Gene expression, MYB, Gene, and 4 moreGenotype, Regulator, Triticum turgidum, and Osmotic Shock
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In the current century, agriculture sustainability and the reduction of environmental pressure are two main objectives of the management of agro-ecosystems that is challenged by energy inefficiency. In this respect, the present study... more
In the current century, agriculture sustainability and the reduction of environmental pressure are two main objectives of the management of agro-ecosystems that is challenged by energy inefficiency. In this respect, the present study assessed one of the most important planting systems in Sistan Region by emergy analysis approach. It analyzed all inputs of greenhouse cucumber production system in Sistan including renewable inputs (sunlight, wind, rain), non-renewable inputs (net topsoil loss), and purchased inputs (machinery, fossil fuels, electricity, plastic, utility, labor, N, K, P and micro fertilizers, and chemical herbicides) and services. In this study, an emergy analysis was performed on greenhouse cucumber production system of Sistan using the data collected from a 3000-m2 greenhouse in Zahak Agricultural Research Station (as an average representative of agricultural lands in Sistan Region). The results revealed that total emergy of greenhouse cucumber system was 1.094 × 101...
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Research Interests: Ocimum and Salicylic Acid
Introduction: The recognition of salt tolerant plants is important as a result ofincreasing saline lands in Iran and world. Cultivation of plants in hydroponic environment is a reliable and economical method in order to select the salt... more
Introduction: The recognition of salt tolerant plants is important as a result ofincreasing saline lands in Iran and world. Cultivation of plants in hydroponic environment is a reliable and economical method in order to select the salt tolerant plant. Salt stress can effect on plant growth and development by ion toxicity, ionic disturb the balance and osmotic potential. Lettuce is one of the most important vegetable crops. This plant is one of the most important leafy vegetables which is used for salad and fresh marketing, also some types of this vegetable is used in baked type. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic diversity of lettuce genotypes undersalt stress in the hydroponic system. Materials and Methods: To assess response of lettuce seedlings to salt stress, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications at Biotechnology Research Institute for hydroponic cultivation of Zabol. In this experiment, the effects of th...
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All Spatoglossum and Stoechospermum species in Persian Gulf and Oman Sea, Iran, have been so far identified via classical taxonomy. In this study classification of two genus of brown algae (Dictyotaceae) including Spatoglossum and... more
All Spatoglossum and Stoechospermum species in Persian Gulf and Oman Sea, Iran, have been so far identified via classical taxonomy. In this study classification of two genus of brown algae (Dictyotaceae) including Spatoglossum and Stoechospermum have been investigated. We combined the cytoplasmic DNA sequences data of plastid rbcL and psbA with morphological information. Based on the constructed phylogenetic trees on the sequences data of these two genes the collected specimens from the Iranian coastlines made two distinct clades which were grouped with two species Stoechospermum polypodioides and Spatoglossum crassum with high to full bootstrap values. So we approved the presence of Stoechospermum polypodioides and Spatoglossum crassum as new record for the algal flora of Persian Gulf in Iranian coastlines.
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Background and aims: Over the recent decades, the infections caused by the opportunistic fungus including the Candida albicans (C. albicans) have increased, thereby causing the high rate of diseases. With respect to the limitations of the... more
Background and aims: Over the recent decades, the infections caused by the opportunistic fungus including the Candida albicans (C. albicans) have increased, thereby causing the high rate of diseases. With respect to the limitations of the treatment of the fungal infections and expensive antifungal drugs, researchers have been increasingly interested in finding anti-fungal drugs. This study aims to investigate the antifungal effects of the extracts of the shallots and artichokes on C. albicans. Methods: In this experimental research, the extracts of the shallot and artichoke were prepared using a rotary device. The inhibitory concentration against C. albicans was determined using incubation in media. Results: The results of the study showed that increased concentration of the extract increased the antifungal effects. The extract of the artichoke had higher inhibitory effect compared to the extract of the shallot. Moreover, as the extract was decreased the size of the fungi colony was...
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In this research, the taxonomic status of the genus Dictyota in southern coastlines of Iran was studied. Taxonomy of the genus at species levels is complicated and difficult due to the high morphological plasticity in response to... more
In this research, the taxonomic status of the genus Dictyota in southern coastlines of Iran was studied. Taxonomy of the genus at species levels is complicated and difficult due to the high morphological plasticity in response to environmental conditions and overlapping of diagnostic characters. In this study, we combined morphological information with cytoplasmic barcoding data from DNA rbcL and psbA. We identified Dictyota acutiloba as new record and also confirmed the presence of Dictyota ciliolata in the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman. Our studies showed D. ciliolata species has high inter-specific morphological diversity.
Heterosis, or hybrid vigor, refers to the phenomenon that progeny of diverse inbred varieties is superior over both parents on yield, panicle size, number of spikelets per panicle, number of productive tillers, stress tolerance etc. This... more
Heterosis, or hybrid vigor, refers to the phenomenon that progeny of diverse inbred varieties is superior over both parents on yield, panicle size, number of spikelets per panicle, number of productive tillers, stress tolerance etc. This phenomenon to be a powerful force in the evolution of plants has been exploited extensively in crop production. In fact, the exploitation of heterosis has been the greatest practical achievement of the science of genetics and plant breeding.Rice heterosis was first reported by Jones (1926) who observed that some F1 hybrids had more culms and greater yield than their parents. Between 1962 and 1967, a number of suggestions came from different places of the world for commercial exploitation of heterosis to become a major component of rice improvement programs at national and international level. For example, rice breeders from Japan, China, United States, India, the former Soviet Union and Philippines started their projects to utilize rice heterosis. H...
Research Interests: Biotechnology and Biology
Research Interests: Chemistry and Trigonella
In this research, the taxonomic status of the genus Dictyota in southern coastlines of Iran was studied. Taxonomy of the genus at species levels is complicated and difficult due to the high morphological plasticity in response to... more
In this research, the taxonomic status of the genus Dictyota in southern coastlines of Iran was studied. Taxonomy of the genus at species levels is complicated and difficult due to the high morphological plasticity in response to environmental conditions and overlapping of diagnostic characters. In this study, we combined morphological information with cytoplasmic barcoding data from DNA rbcL and psbA. We identified Dictyota acutiloba as new record and also confirmed the presence of Dictyota ciliolata in the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman. Our studies showed D. ciliolata species has high inter-specific morphological diversity.
Introduction : Due to more resistance of pathogenic bacteria to new and current antibiotics researchers are looking to find the agents of herbal with antimicrobial activities in order to replace chemical drugs. M e... more
Introduction : Due to more resistance of pathogenic bacteria to new and current antibiotics researchers are looking to find the agents of herbal with antimicrobial activities in order to replace chemical drugs. M e thods : The herbal extract of Withani somnifera was done by using a rotary vacuum,20 strains of Pseudomons aeruginosa were isolated from urinary infections hospitalized patients in city of Zabol hospital. The MIC Withani somnifera were determined by dilution method in various concentrations. Sensitivity of strains to multiple antibiotics was evaluated by standard disk diffusion Kirby-Bauer. Results : The result showed that P. aeruginosa were resistance to 4 of the agents including ampicillin (85%), nitrofurantoin (65%), nalidixic acid (65%), ciprofloxacin (15%) and for 5 strains of Pseudomonas showed MIC with activity of 100 ppm. Conclusion : This study has suggested the effect of winter cherry extract on P. aeruginos...
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Since rbcl gene and protein, as well as internal transcribed spacer (ITS1,4) regions, have not been used in the evaluation of Malva sylvestris L., this study was aimed to assess different Iranian Malva sylvestris L. genotypes by... more
Since rbcl gene and protein, as well as internal transcribed spacer (ITS1,4) regions, have not been used in the evaluation of Malva sylvestris L., this study was aimed to assess different Iranian Malva sylvestris L. genotypes by evaluation of morphological and phytochemical traits, along with rbcl and ITS1,4 gene sequences. Furthermore, three-dimensional and functional structures of Malva sylvestris L. rbcl protein were examined, as well. Nine Malva sylvestris L. genotype samples were collected from different regions of Iran. After species identification, completely randomized design with three replicates was used to evaluate different genotypes, based on morphological and phytochemical traits. DNA extraction was carried out using the SDS method and then final PCR products were sent to Macrogen Company, South Korea for sequencing. Sequence quality was assessed using Chromas 2.1.1 software. Then, the sequences were aligned using the ClustalW method in MegAlign 5 software and the dend...
Research Interests: Biology and DNA Barcoding
Nowadays, the number of food-related illnesses caused by pathogens is increasing [1]. The pathogenic species, Bacillus cereus, Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica and Staphylococcus aureus,... more
Nowadays, the number of food-related illnesses caused by pathogens is increasing [1]. The pathogenic species, Bacillus cereus, Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica and Staphylococcus aureus, are related to foodborne diseases [2]. These diseases have been intensified due to increased use of antibiotics and subsequently, increased resistance to these compounds [1]. Herbal products are source of antimicrobial compounds that lead to reduction of food pathogens [2]. So, high interest in the development of antimicrobial compounds derived from plants, such as tea leaves compounds has risen [1].
Research Interests: Chemistry, Food Science, Antioxidants, Tea, Antioxidant, and 3 moreAntimicrobial, Phenols, and Plant extracts
Salt tolerance is a complex trait that involves multiple physiological and biochemical mechanisms and numerous genes. The identification of genes whose expression enables plants to tolerance salt stress is essential for breeding programs.... more
Salt tolerance is a complex trait that involves multiple physiological and biochemical mechanisms and numerous genes. The identification of genes whose expression enables plants to tolerance salt stress is essential for breeding programs. In order to a doubled haploid line (DHL) population with 72 lines derived from a cross of ‘Steptoe/Morex’ was used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) of morpho-physiological traits in barley (Hordeum vulgar L.). This experiment was carried out in the Research Farm, College of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran, in growing year 2012. It was arranged as in two randomized complete block design (RCBD) with two replicates and two normal and salinity stress conditions. Morpho-physiological traits of DHLs were measured in two environments. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) results showed that there were significant differences among the lines. Transgressive segregation in both directions was significant for flag leaf length, flag leaf width, ...
Fakheri, B. A. and L. Mehravaran. 2014. QTLs mapping of physiological and biochemical traits of barley under drought stress condition. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences.15(4): 367-386. (In Persian). To map genomic locations controlling... more
Fakheri, B. A. and L. Mehravaran. 2014. QTLs mapping of physiological and biochemical traits of barley under drought stress condition. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences.15(4): 367-386. (In Persian). To map genomic locations controlling physiological and biochemical characteristics of barley under normal and drought stress conditions and to determine their relationships with grain yield an experiment was conducted at Research Farm, College of Agriculture, University of Zabol in 2011.The experiment was carried out using two randomized complete block designs with three replications under non-stress and drought stress conditions. Plant materials were 72 doubled haploid lines andtheir parents (Steptoe and Morex). Physiological and biochemical traits such as grain yield, chlorophyll content, F0, Fm, Fv/Fm, RWC, WSC and proline content were measured. QTL analysis was separately conducted by composite interval mapping (CIM) method for each trait, experiment, and for mean of two experiments. ...
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BackgroundAfter wheat, maize, and rice, potato is not only an important food crop but also a substantial source of income throughout the world. Developing a practical and effective transformation method for cultivars that are recalcitrant... more
BackgroundAfter wheat, maize, and rice, potato is not only an important food crop but also a substantial source of income throughout the world. Developing a practical and effective transformation method for cultivars that are recalcitrant in tissue culture is vital. Hva1 encodes the protein of the LEA III superfamily that involves in reactions to abiotic stresses, which holds considerable potential for use as molecular tools for genetic crop improvement toward stress tolerance.ResultsHere, a protocol has been designed for an Agrobacterium-mediated transient transformation in tissue culture-independent conditions in-planta. The protocol establishes for hva1 and EPSPS transformations by direct injection of the bacterial suspension into the potato tuber sprout to encode resistance to cold and against glyphosate herbicide. A two-stage selection was involved using 1% and 2% Glyphosate to eliminate the chimeric and non-transformed plants. Ultimately, the protocol enabled confirmation of g...
Research Interests: Biology and Agrobacterium
Barley cultivation for drought areas requires reliable assessment of drought tolerance variability among the breeding germplasms. Hence, 121 barley landraces, advanced breeding lines and varieties were evaluated under both moisture... more
Barley cultivation for drought areas requires reliable assessment of drought tolerance variability among the breeding germplasms. Hence, 121 barley landraces, advanced breeding lines and varieties were evaluated under both moisture non-stress and stress field conditions using a lattice square (11×11) design with two replications for each set of trials. Twelve drought tolerance indices (SSI, TOL, MP, GMP, STI, YI, YSI, HM, SDI, DI, RDI and SSPI) were used based on grain yield under normal (Yp) and drought (Ys) conditions. Analysis of variance showed a significant genetic variation among genotypes for all indices with the exception of TOL and SSPI indices. Yp had a very strong association with Ys (r=0.92**) that indicates high yield potential under non-stress can predict better yield under stress conditions. Yp and Ys were positively and significantly correlated with MP, GMP, STI, YI, HM and DI indices, whereas they were negatively correlated with SSI and SDI. In principal component a...
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Aluminum (Al) toxicity is one of the major environmental constraints to crop production in acidic soils. The objective of this study was to map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) of yield-related traits associated with tolerance to Al in... more
Aluminum (Al) toxicity is one of the major environmental constraints to crop production in acidic soils. The objective of this study was to map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) of yield-related traits associated with tolerance to Al in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). A recombinant inbred line population of wheat was evaluated under conditions of 800 µm aluminum chloride hexahydrate (AlCL3.6H2O) at tillering, stem-elongation and flowering stages. Single-locus analysis showed that 22 of 79 QTLs identified were putative. These QTLs explained 4.38–12.24% of the total variation of traits in two growing seasons. Based on two-locus analysis, 71 additive and 11 epistatic QTLs were identified, of which 34 additive and three epistatic QTLs had significant interaction with environmental effects. The greatest number of stable QTLs was related to the A genome. Stable QTLs associated with days to heading and grain yield, with no additive × environment interactions, were co-located with Al concentrati...
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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a by-product of normal cell metabolism in plants; however, the balance between production and elimination is disturbed under stress conditions. Several reactive oxygen species are continuously produced... more
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a by-product of normal cell metabolism in plants; however, the balance between production and elimination is disturbed under stress conditions. Several reactive oxygen species are continuously produced in plants as secondary products of aerobic metabolism. Depending on the source of the ROS species, some of them are highly toxic. Plants cellular rapidly use various enzymatic and nonenzymatic mechanisms For detoxify ROS species. Enhanced level of ROS and absence of detoxify systems, can cause damage to biomolecules such as lipids, proteins and DNA and eventually cause to cell death. Despite their destructive activity, they are second messengers in a variety of cellular processes, including conferment of tolerance to various environmental stresses. This review paper describes the Variety of Reactive oxygen species, sources and roles of ROS in plants.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v9i5.12699
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ABSTRACT Based on ethnopharmacological and taxonomic information, antimicrobial activity of the essential oil obtained from Myrtus communis L. was determined in vitro using agar well diffusion method against Staphylocccus aureus, Bacillus... more
ABSTRACT Based on ethnopharmacological and taxonomic information, antimicrobial activity of the essential oil obtained from Myrtus communis L. was determined in vitro using agar well diffusion method against Staphylocccus aureus, Bacillus cerus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pyogens, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans, at different concentrations. The oil showed activity against all test bacteria and fungi with minimal activity against P. aeruginosa. Since the plant is traditionally used in the treatment of gingivitis, the oil was formulated as gum paint using glycerol and blend of surfactants (Tween 80 and Span 80). In vitro efficacy test of the formulation showed a promising activity having a mean zone of inhibition of 38 mm against S. auresus and E.coli, 43 mm against S. pyogens, 20 mm against B. cerus, 45 mm against A. niger and 40 mm against C. albicans. The gum paint formulation was found to be an oil-in-water emulsion with an optimal pseudoplastic viscosity (120 - 340 centpoises with 200 - 50 shear stress per min).