- Marcin Rudnicki
Instytut Archeologii
Uniwersytet Warszawski
Szkola Glowna
ul. Krakowskie Przedmiescie 26/28
PL 00-927 Warszawa
Marcin Rudnicki
University of Warsaw, Institute of Archaeology, Faculty Member
- Celtic numismatics, Lugiorum nomen, Lugii, Boiohaemum, Celtic Boii, Boii, and 22 moreDacian civilization, Late Iron Age (Archaeology), Celtic gold coinage, Celtic Archaeology, Ancient numismatics (Archaeology), Numismatics, Celts (Archaeology), La Tene culture, Celtic coins, Przeworsk culture, Celtic Coinage, Monety Celtyckie, Celtowie, Celtic Studies, Celtic archaeology, Iron Age Europe, Balkan Celts, La Tène Culture, Late Celtic and Early Roman transition, Celtic, Celts, Iron Age Celts, Archaeology, and Iron Ageedit
The subject of this study are gold coins, formerly attributed to the coinage of the Menapii, which in the seventies of the 20th century Karel Castelin referred to as staters of the Cracovian type, struck by Celts near Kraków. When the... more
The subject of this study are gold coins, formerly attributed to the coinage of the Menapii, which in the seventies of the 20th century Karel Castelin referred to as staters of the Cracovian type, struck by Celts near Kraków. When the latest publications connected with them appeared, the number of known specimens of the type amounted to seven, and currently it has increased to seventeen. The aim of this study is to use the new possibilities of modification of the former findings concerning staters of the Cracovian type. The present study has discussed the problems concerning the definition of this type, its origin and changes it has undergone with the passage of time — both in respect of iconography and metrology. This is connected with a suggestion as to a new typological division of the discussed coins. Also the issues concerning their circulation and data were not omitted, as the finds from recent years throw a new light on them. The summary includes reflection of historical nature, including an attempt to connect the Cracovian type with Lugii.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Celtic Studies, Celtic Archaeology, Celtic Archeology, Iron Age, and 15 moreCeltic numismatics, Ancient Numismatics, Ancient Coins, Iconography of ancient coins, Celtic, Barbaricum, Celtic coins, Celtic Coinage, Celtic gold coinage, Boii, Celtic Boii, Boii coinage, Iron Age Numismatics, Celtowie, and Late Celtic and Early Roman transition
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The chapter written together with M. Rudnicki and A. Strobin in a book: "The Past Societies. Polish lands from the first evidence of human presence to the early Middle Ages", vol. 4: "500 BC - 500 AD"... more
The chapter written together with M. Rudnicki and A. Strobin in a book: "The Past Societies. Polish lands from the first evidence of human presence to the early Middle Ages", vol. 4: "500 BC - 500 AD" (ed. A. Rzeszotarska-Nowakiewicz), Warszawa 2016, pp. 133-161.
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Research Interests: Art and Celtic Languages
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The paper presents new finds of the Roman military equipment and Migration-period militaria from Kujawy (central Poland). The former group embraces appliques, mounts and decorations of Roman horse harness and soldiers' attire,... more
The paper presents new finds of the Roman military equipment and Migration-period militaria from Kujawy (central Poland). The former group embraces appliques, mounts and decorations of Roman horse harness and soldiers' attire, e.g. phallic and vulva-shaped pendants, shell-shaped fittings, belt buckles, apron studs, scabbard chape and beneficiarius emblem. They are dated from the 1st until the 5th c. but their majority come from the 3rd c.; one may explain it by the Roman recruitment of the barbarian warriors during the time of the Gallic Empire (Imperium Galliarum). For the the other periods other explanations may be used. Set of Migration Period military equipment is presented as well. It proves long duration of the (post) Przeworsk-culture martial structures into the 5th and 6th c. regardless general depopulation of the Central European Barbaricum.
Research Interests: Great Migration period, Medieval Weapons and Equipment, Przeworsk culture, Ancient Weapons and Warfare, Wielbark Culture, and 5 moreArchaeology Of The Migration Period And The Early Middle Ages, Roman Weapons, History of Horse Riding, Roman Crisis of the Third Century, and Archaeology of Horse and Riders
The collection of Celtic coins from Poland has recently increased by another find, deserving special attention. By virtue of the circumstances of its discovery, it can be perceived as part of the whole wide spectrum of a constantly... more
The collection of Celtic coins from Poland has recently increased by another find, deserving special attention. By virtue of the circumstances of its discovery, it can be perceived as part of the whole wide spectrum of a constantly growing amount of coincidental finds in our country – whether anybody likes it or not. On the grounds of rigorous legal solutions concerning the property rights of relics found in the earth binding in Poland, data concerning this category of sources rarely reach the scientific circles formally. Nevertheless, if it were not for them, our knowledge about the past, including the circulation of money in antiquity, would be not only far incomplete but simply out of touch with reality, whose learning is, after all, the main subject of the scientific research of numismatists and archaeologists. Gathering information about coincidental and “hobby” finds was one of the stages of the preliminary research of all the accessible sources concerning Celtic coins connected with the area of Poland, carrier out by the author from the end of 2006 r. However, making a database which is relatively complete, and at least representative, would not be possible, however, if it had not been for the kindness and cooperation from amateur-numismatists and history lovers. Thanks to one of them, information about the unknown type of the Celtic coin, which the find published here is, can get to the scientific circulation.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Celtic Studies, Celtic Archaeology, Archeologia, Celtic Archeology, and 15 moreCeltic numismatics, Ancient Numismatics, Ancient Coins, Celtic coins, Celtic Coinage, Celtic gold coinage, Coins, Coin Finds, Boii, Coinage of Celts, Celtic Boii, Boii coinage, Boii Gold Coinage, Archeologia Celtów, and Archeologia Numismatica
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Research Interests: Archaeology, Ritual, Culture, Funerary Archaeology, Neolithic Archaeology, and 14 moreNeolithic & Chalcolithic Archaeology, Infant burial (Archaeology), Corded Ware Culture, Neolithic Europe, Archeologia, Neolithic, Tradition, Archéologie, Burial Customs, Death and Burial Archaeology, Burial Ritual, Corded Ware Cultural Complex, Burial rites of the Corded Ware and the Bell Beaker Cultures in Central Europe, and Burial Practices Archaeology
The chapter written together with M. Rudnicki and A. Strobin in a book: "The Past Societies. Polish lands from the first evidence of human presence to the early Middle Ages", vol. 4: "500 BC - 500 AD" (ed. A.... more
The chapter written together with M. Rudnicki and A. Strobin in a book: "The Past Societies. Polish lands from the first evidence of human presence to the early Middle Ages", vol. 4: "500 BC - 500 AD" (ed. A. Rzeszotarska-Nowakiewicz), Warszawa 2016, pp. 133-161.
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The hoard recovered at Nowa Wieś Głubczycka in Upper Silesia in southern Poland before 2010 contained approximately 1000 denarii from the period of the Roman Republic and the reign of Emperor Augustus. At the time of preparation of this... more
The hoard recovered at Nowa Wieś Głubczycka in Upper Silesia in southern Poland before 2010 contained approximately 1000 denarii from
the period of the Roman Republic and the reign of Emperor Augustus. At the time of preparation of this paper, more detailed information
is available on a group of 126 denarii from the deposit (including three denarii of Emperor Augustus struck after 27 BC and a Numidian
denarius of Juba I). The oldest coin in the recognised part of the hoard was minted in 155 BC and the latest, in the period 15–13 BC. There
is no evidence that the hoard contained imitations or the legionary denarii of Mark Antony. However, the most crucial discovery associated
with the deposit from Nowa Wieś Głubczycka is the presence of one of the coins (a denarius of Marcus Aemilius Lepidus from 61 BC) with
a countermark (I)MP∙VES. Countermarks with the name of Vespasian are dated to the 70s AD. This establishes the terminus post quem of
the deposition of this hoard and of the influx of coins it contained from the territory of the Roman Empire. Using the data on the newly found
hoard and other finds of denarii of the Roman Republic and of the first emperors now available from the territory of Poland, we can draw
a number of conclusions. First, the influx of the Republican silver to the north of the Carpathians was probably of more extended duration
and presumably spans from the second half of the 1st century to the 70s AD, possibly even later. Second, the most likely direction of this
influx is from Dacia, although the Republican denarii could have entered also from the Middle Danube region. The causes of this influx are
less clear and may have been related to economy or politics.
the period of the Roman Republic and the reign of Emperor Augustus. At the time of preparation of this paper, more detailed information
is available on a group of 126 denarii from the deposit (including three denarii of Emperor Augustus struck after 27 BC and a Numidian
denarius of Juba I). The oldest coin in the recognised part of the hoard was minted in 155 BC and the latest, in the period 15–13 BC. There
is no evidence that the hoard contained imitations or the legionary denarii of Mark Antony. However, the most crucial discovery associated
with the deposit from Nowa Wieś Głubczycka is the presence of one of the coins (a denarius of Marcus Aemilius Lepidus from 61 BC) with
a countermark (I)MP∙VES. Countermarks with the name of Vespasian are dated to the 70s AD. This establishes the terminus post quem of
the deposition of this hoard and of the influx of coins it contained from the territory of the Roman Empire. Using the data on the newly found
hoard and other finds of denarii of the Roman Republic and of the first emperors now available from the territory of Poland, we can draw
a number of conclusions. First, the influx of the Republican silver to the north of the Carpathians was probably of more extended duration
and presumably spans from the second half of the 1st century to the 70s AD, possibly even later. Second, the most likely direction of this
influx is from Dacia, although the Republican denarii could have entered also from the Middle Danube region. The causes of this influx are
less clear and may have been related to economy or politics.
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Recent discoveries from the Kuyavia region provided a number of finds that change our perception of the continuity of inhabitation in the Kuyavia area after the disappearance of the Przeworsk culture settlement structures related to the... more
Recent discoveries from the Kuyavia region provided a number of finds that change our perception of the continuity of inhabitation in the Kuyavia area after the disappearance of the Przeworsk culture settlement structures related to the Pre-Roman and Roman Periods. The settlement in Kuyavia existed also during the Migration Period at least until the 7 th c. The settlement complex in Gąski-Wierzbiczany, from which the belt purse fastenings presented in the following paper came, seems to be of particular importance. The fastenings are dated to the 2 nd half of the 4 th and the beginnings of the 5 th c., i.e., the decline of the Late Roman Period and the onset of the Migration Period. Until recently, they were known from the areas neighbouring the Roman Empire boundary — limes — and from Roman military camps in Rhaetia. Currently, their list significantly extended, and the range of their occurrence expanded and includes the east Germany and Bohemia. At the same time the finds form Kuyavia (most likely made on-the-spot) are among specimens located furthest to the east. It seems that these unique finds of purse fastenings from the southeastern and eastern peripheries of Europe might be explained through the existence of a cultural centre in Kuyavia that facilitated the propagation of western cultural patterns, in this case related to outfit of warriors. K e y w o r d s: Roman Period; Migration Period; Kuyavia; Przeworsk Culture
Research Interests: Archaeology, Iron Age (Archaeology), Iron Age, Great Migration period, Metal-Detecting and Archaeology, and 8 morePrzeworsk culture, Early Iron Age, Late Iron Age, Roman period, Late Antiquity, typology, chronology, distribution, function, fibulae, weapons, tools, harness, metal vessels, writing equipment, balances and weights, small finds, Archaeology Of The Migration Period And The Early Middle Ages, Metal Detectoring, Central Places, Late Iron Age, Archaeology of Iron Age, Archaeology of Late Roman Period, Archaeology of Early Medieval Europe, and Archaeology of Central Places
Research Interests: Archaeology, Celtic Studies, Celtic Archaeology, Iron Age, Roman Period, and 27 moreArchaeology of Germanic tribes (Roman period), Celtic numismatics, Ancient History, Roman Archaeology, Numismatics, Craftsmen, Celts, Dacians, Przeworsk culture, Kelten; Numismatik; keltische Münzen, Celtic gold coinage, European Iron Age especially early Celtic art, Boii, Early Iron Age, Late Iron Age, Roman period, Late Antiquity, typology, chronology, distribution, function, fibulae, weapons, tools, harness, metal vessels, writing equipment, balances and weights, small finds, Long distance contacts, Germanic, Coinage of Celts, Tyniec Group, Lugii, Monety Celtyckie, Numismatics, Ancient History, Archaeology, Pre-Roman Dacia, La Tène period, Late Celtic and Early Roman transition, Ancient Celtic Numismatics, Mennictwo Celtyckie, Trade Routes, Şimleul Silvaniei bracelets, and Contacts
Research Interests: Archaeology, Celtic Archaeology, Celtic studies (Medieval Studies), Archeologia, Roman Dacia, and 20 moreIron Age, Roman Period, Archaeology of Germanic tribes (Roman period), Craftsmen, Celts, Dacians, Barbaricum, Przeworsk culture, Dacia, Long distance contacts, Germanic, Gesellschaftsstruktur und Zentralorte – auf der Suche nach strukturellen Gemeinsamkeiten in Latène- und Przeworsk-Kultur / Struktura społeczna i miejsca centralne – w poszukiwaniu powiązań strukturalnych pomiędzy cywilizacją lateńską a kulturą przeworską, Tyniec Group, Lugii, Pre-Roman Dacia, La Tène period, Late Celtic and Early Roman transition, Trade Routes, Şimleul Silvaniei bracelets, and Contacts
Since Autumn 2012 the authors obtained information on new, very numerous finds from Kujawy in central Poland. The current publication contains three Celtic and more than two hundred Roman coins. Without any exaggeration we can say, that... more
Since Autumn 2012 the authors obtained information on new, very numerous
finds from Kujawy in central Poland. The current publication contains three Celtic and
more than two hundred Roman coins. Without any exaggeration we can say, that the
density of ancient coin finds, especially Roman, from Kujawy is huge and seems to have
no analogy in other areas covered by the settlement of the Przeworsk culture. Most of
the mentioned coins should be interpreted as so called stray finds, however it is possible,
that some of them – especially part of the Roman Imperial denarii – could come from
scattered hoards as a result of plowing. Chronology of the coins and the fact that most
finds were concentrated indicate, that probably they come from settlements or possibly
cemeteries from the younger Pre-Roman, Roman and the Migration periods.
finds from Kujawy in central Poland. The current publication contains three Celtic and
more than two hundred Roman coins. Without any exaggeration we can say, that the
density of ancient coin finds, especially Roman, from Kujawy is huge and seems to have
no analogy in other areas covered by the settlement of the Przeworsk culture. Most of
the mentioned coins should be interpreted as so called stray finds, however it is possible,
that some of them – especially part of the Roman Imperial denarii – could come from
scattered hoards as a result of plowing. Chronology of the coins and the fact that most
finds were concentrated indicate, that probably they come from settlements or possibly
cemeteries from the younger Pre-Roman, Roman and the Migration periods.
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Publikacja poświęcona nieznanym znaleziskom monet rzymskich z osady w Jakuszowicach. Unknown finds of Roman coins from settlement of Przeworsk culture at Jakuszowice (Western Lesser Poland).
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The subject of the present analysis are new finds from the settlement at Nowa Cerekwia in Upper Silesia – one of the earliest Celtic sites investigated in Poland. Until recently it seemed that re- searchers have learnt all there was to... more
The subject of the present analysis are new finds from the settlement at Nowa Cerekwia in Upper Silesia – one of the earliest Celtic sites investigated in Poland. Until recently it seemed that re- searchers have learnt all there was to know about this site, located at the outlet of the Moravian Gate. According to the generally accepted view the role of this site was that of a “special rural set- tlement of production and agricultural type”. However, discoveries made over the past few years – by treasure hunters, and later by qualified archaeologists – have changed this view. In the 3rd–2nd century BC (LT C1-C2) the settlement functioned as a “central place”, a centre of produc- tion and trade/exchange of interregional significance and a mustering point for mercenaries. The finds from Nowa Cerekwia closely resemble those from the already famous sites of Němčice nad Hanou (Moravia) and Roseldorf (Lower Austria).
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The settlement at Nowa Cerekwia (Głubczyce district, Opole Voivodeship) is the only of the oldest and – as it seemed until recently – the best investigated Celtic sites in Poland. The first reports about finds made in its area from 1870... more
The settlement at Nowa Cerekwia (Głubczyce district, Opole Voivodeship) is the only of the oldest and – as it seemed until recently – the best investigated Celtic sites in Poland. The first reports about finds made in its area from 1870 when the site, then lying within the locality Bieskau, started to be quarried for stone. In 1925-1938 the site was investigated in advance of extraction of basalt by German archaeologists. In the post-war period fieldwork was carried out in the still intact fragment of the site by B. Czerska. Although the excavated materials were never published in full the function and dating of the Celtic settlement at Nowa Cerekwia was discussed on many occasions in archaeological literature. The generally accepted interpretation of the settlement was “outstanding rural settlement of production and agricultural type”. This interpretation was formulated basing on the relatively rich finds inventory which comprised e.g., some 67 glass objects and 4 coins.
Until recently it seemed that all what could be achieved when it comes to understanding the site at Nowa Cerekwia had already been achieved by the researchers who investigated there. However, in early 2007 I came across information about new finds made by treasure hunters in the area of the settlement site investigated in the past by archaeologists. After some serious detective work I was able to learn that among the materials obtained by amateur prospectors there were thirty or so early Boii coins. Although there was no reason to doubt the reliability of my informers, knowing how rare similar coin finds were then in Poland, I suspected that their reports were vastly exaggerated. To confirm this information, in the autumn of 2007, with a group of amateur treasure hunters I went to Nowa Cerekwia to make a surface survey of the site. The results of our search, continued a year later also in the form of stationary archaeological excavation, surpassed our boldest expectations.
The finds from Nowa Cerekwia closely resemble materials discovered in the already famous sites at Němčice (Moravia) and Roseldorf (Lower Austria), although with some small differences, mainly chronological ones. The settlement at Nowa Cerekwia goes back in its origin to phase LT B1. However, early La Tène finds from this site are relatively few, suggesting that its function then was different than in the later period. The majority of small finds can be dated to the middle La Tène (LT C1-C2). At this time, the settlement functioned as a “central place” – centre of production and trade exchange with an interregional significance, centre of distribution of goods produced locally or imported from the South; its recipients were mostly the Celtic communities in Lower Silesia and Lesser Poland but also – Germanic populations from the North.
Until recently it seemed that all what could be achieved when it comes to understanding the site at Nowa Cerekwia had already been achieved by the researchers who investigated there. However, in early 2007 I came across information about new finds made by treasure hunters in the area of the settlement site investigated in the past by archaeologists. After some serious detective work I was able to learn that among the materials obtained by amateur prospectors there were thirty or so early Boii coins. Although there was no reason to doubt the reliability of my informers, knowing how rare similar coin finds were then in Poland, I suspected that their reports were vastly exaggerated. To confirm this information, in the autumn of 2007, with a group of amateur treasure hunters I went to Nowa Cerekwia to make a surface survey of the site. The results of our search, continued a year later also in the form of stationary archaeological excavation, surpassed our boldest expectations.
The finds from Nowa Cerekwia closely resemble materials discovered in the already famous sites at Němčice (Moravia) and Roseldorf (Lower Austria), although with some small differences, mainly chronological ones. The settlement at Nowa Cerekwia goes back in its origin to phase LT B1. However, early La Tène finds from this site are relatively few, suggesting that its function then was different than in the later period. The majority of small finds can be dated to the middle La Tène (LT C1-C2). At this time, the settlement functioned as a “central place” – centre of production and trade exchange with an interregional significance, centre of distribution of goods produced locally or imported from the South; its recipients were mostly the Celtic communities in Lower Silesia and Lesser Poland but also – Germanic populations from the North.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Celtic Studies, Numismatics, Celts (Archaeology), and 20 moreCeltic History, Celtic Archaeology, Ancient numismatics (Archaeology), Late Iron Age (Archaeology), Ancient Greek Numismatics, Iron Age (Archaeology), Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Iron Age, Celtic Art, Celtic numismatics, Coins finds as archaeological artefacts, Ancient Numismatics, Ancient Coins, Celtic, Przeworsk culture, Numismatica, Coins, Boii, Central Places, and Lugiorum nomen
The subject of this study is a critical monograph of the hoard of gold coins from Gorzów near Cracow which is of essential importance for research on Celtic coinage in Poland. During 120 years since its part was unearthed and published in... more
The subject of this study is a critical monograph of the hoard of gold coins from Gorzów near Cracow which is of essential importance for research on Celtic coinage in Poland. During 120 years since its part was unearthed and published in the 1890s, the hoard has been discussed and analysed many times, but no monograph has been dedicated to it. Preliminary research of archive material and museum collections considerably expanded the source base. A coin unknown in the previous literature was revealed and the origin of other two was put right. Dating of the find, its character and the circumstances of hiding have been revised to put forward the hypothesis about its connection with the great Cimbri migration to the south in the second half of the second century BC.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Celtic Studies, Numismatics, Numismatic, Celts (Archaeology), and 22 moreCeltic Archaeology, Ancient numismatics (Archaeology), Late Iron Age (Archaeology), Celtic Archeology, Iron Age, Celtic numismatics, Ancient Numismatics, Coin Hoards, Ancient Coins, Iron Age archaeology, Hoard finds, Celts, Numismatique, Celtic, Iron Age Europe, Celtic Coinage, La Tene Period in Middle Europe, La Tene culture, Numismatica, Celtic gold coinage, Iron Age Metal Hoards, and La Tene
The subject of this study is a stater found in Masłów (Lower Silesia) in 1704: the oldest documented find of a Celtic coin from the area of the present-day Poland. The coin, which has been regarded as missing until recently, was... more
The subject of this study is a stater found in Masłów (Lower Silesia) in 1704: the oldest documented find of a Celtic coin from the area of the present-day Poland. The coin, which has been regarded as missing until recently, was successfully identified with a high degree of likelihood in the collection of the Staatliche Museen in Berlin. The present study has carried out an analysis of the unit and the records concerning it, particularly emphasising the issues related to iconography, examined against a broad comparative background. The summary includes conclusions concerning the place of striking and dating of this unique coin.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Archival Studies, Historical Archaeology, Celtic Studies, Numismatics, and 37 moreNumismatic, Celts (Archaeology), Celtic Archaeology, Ancient numismatics (Archaeology), Late Iron Age (Archaeology), Celtic Archeology, Iron Age, History of Archaeology, Celtic numismatics, Ancient Numismatics, Ancient Coins, Celts, Numismatique, Ancient Coinage, Ancient Celts, Celtic, Przeworsk culture, Celtic coins, Celtic Coinage, La Tene culture, Kelten; Numismatik; keltische Münzen, Numismatica, Celtic gold coinage, Boii, Celtic and Roman Coinage, Coinage of Celts, Iron Age Celts, Gesellschaftsstruktur und Zentralorte – auf der Suche nach strukturellen Gemeinsamkeiten in Latène- und Przeworsk-Kultur / Struktura społeczna i miejsca centralne – w poszukiwaniu powiązań strukturalnych pomiędzy cywilizacją lateńską a kulturą przeworską, Celtic Boii, Lugiorum nomen, Monety Celtyckie, Monety Celtyckie, Boii coinage, Iron Age Numismatics, Celtowie, Late Celtic and Early Roman transition, and Mennictwo Celtyckie
Until recently the aggregate number of Celtic coins found within Poland’s borders, including items constituting parts of hoards, was ca. 100 coins from 26 sites. At present it exceeds 440 coins from at least 60 sites. Most of the new... more
Until recently the aggregate number of Celtic coins found within Poland’s borders, including items constituting parts of hoards, was ca. 100 coins from 26 sites. At present it exceeds 440 coins from at least 60 sites. Most of the new finds (at least 245), including Greek coins and gold bars, come from a settlement in Nowa Cerekwia. In Silesia we register at least 289 Celtic coins from 13 sites, or a little bit over 65% of all the relevant finds from Poland’s territory. As many as 286 items, or some 99% of all the Silesian finds, are Boii coins. Other Celtic issues are represented by a mere 1 or 2 coins. The history of the local minting production and money circulation can be divided into two stages: the first one, from the end of the 4th c. B.C. until ca. 130–120 B.C. At that time finds of Celtic coins took place predominantly in the south of Poland, in territories with dense Celtic settlement. Such concentrations are registered also in Upper and Lower Silesia. In the 2nd half of the 2nd c. B.C. Central European Celtic settlements underwent major changes, most probably related to the wandering of the Cimbri and the Teutons. They coincided with the onset of the second stage of the history of Celtic money, also in Silesia. In relative chronology of Boii coinage it covers the period from B through D and the newly indicated E period (since ca. 130–120 B.C. until the first decades A.D.). The geography of finds of Celtic coins in Polish territories changes completely at that time. They no longer take place in Upper Silesia and their number in Lower Silesia is greatly reduced in comparison to the preceding period. Probably only 2 finds from this territory may be products by a local workshop or workshops run by small groups of Celts.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Celtic Studies, Numismatics, Numismatic, Ancient economies (Archaeology), and 37 moreCelts (Archaeology), Celtic Archaeology, Ancient numismatics (Archaeology), Late Iron Age (Archaeology), Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Celtic Archeology, Iron Age, Roman Period, Celtic numismatics, Coins finds as archaeological artefacts, Ancient Numismatics, Ancient Coins, Numismatique, Barbaricum, Przeworsk culture, La Tene culture, Kelten; Numismatik; keltische Münzen, Numismatica, Celtic gold coinage, Wielbark Culture, Boii, Coinage of Celts, Gesellschaftsstruktur und Zentralorte – auf der Suche nach strukturellen Gemeinsamkeiten in Latène- und Przeworsk-Kultur / Struktura społeczna i miejsca centralne – w poszukiwaniu powiązań strukturalnych pomiędzy cywilizacją lateńską a kulturą przeworską, Late Iron Age, Celtic Boii, Lugii, Lugiorum nomen, Monety Celtyckie, Monety Celtyckie, Monety Celtyckie, Monety Celtyckie, Monety Celtyckie, Iron Age Numismatics, Celtowie, Late Celtic and Early Roman transition, Ancient Celtic Numismatics, and Numizmatyka Antyczna
From summer 2009 to autumn 2012 the authors of this article received an information about one large or two groups of ancient coins discovered systematically for many months by treasure hunters in Kujawy. It is not certain, how many sites... more
From summer 2009 to autumn 2012 the authors of this article received an information about one large or two groups of ancient coins discovered systematically for many months by treasure hunters in Kujawy. It is not certain, how many sites we have to deal with, but most probably published coins come from at least two: first near Pruchnowo in the vicinity of Radziejów and second near Gniewkowo. Known part of the complex of Pruchnowo comprises Celtic stater from the end of the 3rd or the beginning of the 2nd century BC, 21 Roman denarii (including subaerates / fourrées) from the 1st-2nd century AD, 1 Roman sestertius from the 2nd century and comes probably from an area of a settlement (or settlements) from the Pre-Roman / La Tène and Roman period. The complex of Gniewkowo was larger and more diverse. Only Roman coins were discovered: 38 denarii from the 1st – 3rd century (possible occurrence of subaerates can not be verified), 1 sestertius from the 2nd century as well as 16 antoniniani (including imitations) from the second half of the 3rd century and 1 bronze from the 4th century. These coins most probably come from a site (or sites) with numerous single finds (from a settlement or settlements?) and 2 hoards: one with denarii from the 1st – 2nd (3rd ?) century and second with antoniniani from the second half of the 3rd century. The most interesting ancient numismatic find from Pruchnowo is a gold Celtic coin. Metrology and iconography of this coin have features typical for a stater belonged to the mint system of Celtic Boii (Plumlov type).
Research Interests: Archaeology, Celtic Studies, Numismatics, Numismatic, Celtic Archaeology, and 28 moreAncient numismatics (Archaeology), Late Iron Age (Archaeology), Roman numismatics and archaeology, Ancient Roman Numismatics, Roman coins, Iron Age, Roman Period, Archaeology of Germanic tribes (Roman period), Roman numismatics, Celtic numismatics, Coins finds as archaeological artefacts, Ancient Numismatics, Ancient Coins, Barbaricum, Przeworsk culture, Celtic Coinage, Numismatica, Celtic gold coinage, Coins, Wielbark Culture, Iron Age and Roman coinage, Gesellschaftsstruktur und Zentralorte – auf der Suche nach strukturellen Gemeinsamkeiten in Latène- und Przeworsk-Kultur / Struktura społeczna i miejsca centralne – w poszukiwaniu powiązań strukturalnych pomiędzy cywilizacją lateńską a kulturą przeworską, Monety Celtyckie, Monety Celtyckie, Celtowie, Late Celtic and Early Roman transition, Ancient Celtic Numismatics, and Mennictwo Celtyckie
The subject of this study are gold coins, formerly attributed to the coinage of the Menapii, which in the seventies of the 20th century Karel Castelin referred to as staters of the Cracovian type, struck by Celts near Kraków. When the... more
The subject of this study are gold coins, formerly attributed to the coinage of the Menapii, which in the seventies of the 20th century Karel Castelin referred to as staters of the Cracovian type, struck by Celts near Kraków. When the latest publications connected with them appeared, the number of known specimens of the type amounted to seven, and currently it has increased to seventeen. The aim of this study is to use the new possibilities of modification of the former findings concerning staters of the Cracovian type. The present study has discussed the problems concerning the definition of this type, its origin and changes it has undergone with the passage of time — both in respect of iconography and metrology. This is connected with a suggestion as to a new typological division of the discussed coins. Also the issues concerning their circulation and data were not omitted, as the finds from recent years throw a new light on them. The summary includes reflection of historical nature, including an attempt to connect the Cracovian type with Lugii.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Celtic Studies, Numismatics, Numismatic, Iron Age (Archaeology) (Archaeology), and 40 moreCelts (Archaeology), Celtic Archaeology, Ancient numismatics (Archaeology), Late Iron Age (Archaeology), Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Celtic Archeology, Iron Age, Transition between the Late LT and Early Roman Period, Roman Period, Celtic numismatics, Ancient Numismatics, Ancient Coins, Iconography of ancient coins, Numismatique, Celtic, Barbaricum, Przeworsk culture, Celtic coins, Celtic Coinage, La Tene Period in Middle Europe, La Tene culture, Numismatica, Celtic gold coinage, Wielbark Culture, Boii, Gesellschaftsstruktur und Zentralorte – auf der Suche nach strukturellen Gemeinsamkeiten in Latène- und Przeworsk-Kultur / Struktura społeczna i miejsca centralne – w poszukiwaniu powiązań strukturalnych pomiędzy cywilizacją lateńską a kulturą przeworską, Tyniec Group, Celtic Boii, Lugii, Lugiorum nomen, Monety Celtyckie, Monety Celtyckie, Boii coinage, La Tène Culture, Iron Age Numismatics, Celtowie, Late Celtic and Early Roman transition, Mennictwo Celtyckie, Numizmatyka Antyczna, and Numizmatyka
The subject of the present analysis are bronze rings (bracelets/armlets?) decorated with a cord ornament, known in archaeological literature as type Șimleul Silvaniei and Rustoiu 3. The paper starts out with an overview of past research... more
The subject of the present analysis are bronze rings (bracelets/armlets?) decorated with a cord ornament, known in archaeological literature as type Șimleul Silvaniei and Rustoiu 3. The paper starts out with an overview of past research on the impact from the Dacian territory on Iron Age inhabitants of Poland since type Șimleul Silvaniei bracelets are an element of this phenomenon. It follows with an analysis of the context of discovery of these ornaments in the area to the north of the Carpathians and the Sudety. Next, insights obtained from this analysis are used as a point of departure to examine the chronology, origin and distribution of type Șimleul Silvaniei in reference to the conclusions of Romanian researchers Aurel Rustoiu and Cristinel C. Plantos.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Celtic Studies, Ancient economies (Archaeology), Metalwork (Archaeology), and 55 moreIron Age (Archaeology) (Archaeology), Celts (Archaeology), Social Archaeology, Celtic Archaeology, X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) Spectroscopy, Prehistoric Europe (Archaeology), Romanian Archaeology, Late Iron Age (Archaeology), Archeologia, Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Celtic Archeology, Iron Age, Transition between the Late LT and Early Roman Period, Roman Period, Archaeology of Germanic tribes (Roman period), Romania, Ancient Metallurgy, Dacian civilization, Barbarian societies, Iron Age archaeology, Prehistoric Archeology, Romanian Prehistory, Celts, Dacians, Archeologie, Ancient Celts, Archéologie, Iron Age Europe, Barbaricum, Przeworsk culture, XRF, Arheologie, Late Iron Age/Roman transition, La Tene Period in Middle Europe, La Tene culture, Dacia, Pre-Roman Iron Age, Wielbark Culture, Preroman Dacia, Iron Age Celts, Porolissum and the late Roman and immediate post-Roman economy of Dacia (AD 225-375): pottery evidence, Daci, Gesellschaftsstruktur und Zentralorte – auf der Suche nach strukturellen Gemeinsamkeiten in Latène- und Przeworsk-Kultur / Struktura społeczna i miejsca centralne – w poszukiwaniu powiązań strukturalnych pomiędzy cywilizacją lateńską a kulturą przeworską, Lugii, Dacian imitations, Pre-Roman Dacia, Archaeology of Early Roman Period, Dacian imitations of denarii, Porolissum, Late Celtic and Early Roman transition, Desa, Dolj, Oltenia, La Tene, and Epoca Fierului
Connections between the inhabitants of pre-Roman Dacia and peoples residing in the area between the Carpathian range and the Baltic Sea is a subject we can hardly consider as well understood. A form possibly helpful for investigating... more
Connections between the inhabitants of pre-Roman Dacia and peoples residing in the area between the Carpathian range and the Baltic Sea is a subject we can hardly consider as well understood. A form possibly helpful for investigating these connections are rings with a cord ornament, type Şimleul Silvaniei — type 3a after A. Rustoiu. These finds (bracelets or armlets) originating from a Celtic environment, should be attributed to the Dacian environment. The first finds of type 3 rings with a cord ornament were recorded in Poland already in the first half of the last century but their typology and origin was defined correctly in Polish literature only recently, by M. Rudnicki. In Poland at least fifteen bracelets/armlets type Şimleul Silvaniei (mostly type 3a) are recorded at present. One is from Western Pomerania (Lubiechowo), five are from the Lower Vistula region (Lasy, Malbork-Wielbark, Małe Czyste), three from Masovia (Kleszewo [?], Niedanowo, vicinity of Skierniewice). Four were discovered in Western Lesser Poland (Jakuszowice, Nowe Brzesko, Pełczyska). The focus of the present paper are two armlet fragments, type Şimleul Silvaniei, from Central Poland (Brodnia, Jastrzębniki).
If we take into account the chronology of this type of ornament and the itinerary of the main communications routes, this distribution of their finds appears justified. That all the armlets listed here were imports is suggested not only by the absence of a local tradition of production of this type of ornament and analogies from the south-east but also by the unusual composition of their metal alloy. Specimens originating from contexts are dated to the Early Roman Period but it seems that even earlier — during phase LT D2 (A3 of the Pre-Roman Period) — these ornaments were brought north of the Carpathian Mts.
The present study addresses the question of the source area of bracelets/armlets type Şimleul Silvaniei and the route by which they were introduced to the area between the Baltic and the Carpathian Mts.
If we take into account the chronology of this type of ornament and the itinerary of the main communications routes, this distribution of their finds appears justified. That all the armlets listed here were imports is suggested not only by the absence of a local tradition of production of this type of ornament and analogies from the south-east but also by the unusual composition of their metal alloy. Specimens originating from contexts are dated to the Early Roman Period but it seems that even earlier — during phase LT D2 (A3 of the Pre-Roman Period) — these ornaments were brought north of the Carpathian Mts.
The present study addresses the question of the source area of bracelets/armlets type Şimleul Silvaniei and the route by which they were introduced to the area between the Baltic and the Carpathian Mts.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Celtic Studies, Ancient economies (Archaeology), Metalwork (Archaeology), Celts (Archaeology), and 34 moreCeltic Archaeology, Late Iron Age (Archaeology), Archeologia, Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Celtic Archeology, Iron Age, Roman Period, Archaeology of Germanic tribes (Roman period), Dacian civilization, Craftsmen, Romanian Prehistory, Celts, Dacians, Archeologie, Archéologie, Barbaricum, Barbaricum, Przeworsk culture, Dacia, Pre-Roman Iron Age, Wielbark Culture, Preroman Dacia, Long distance contacts, Germanic, Gesellschaftsstruktur und Zentralorte – auf der Suche nach strukturellen Gemeinsamkeiten in Latène- und Przeworsk-Kultur / Struktura społeczna i miejsca centralne – w poszukiwaniu powiązań strukturalnych pomiędzy cywilizacją lateńską a kulturą przeworską, Tyniec Group, Lugii, Pre-Roman Dacia, La Tène period, Late Celtic and Early Roman transition, Trade Routes, Kultura Przeworska, Şimleul Silvaniei bracelets, and Contacts
The collection of Celtic coins from Poland has recently increased by another find, deserving special attention. By virtue of the circumstances of its discovery, it can be perceived as part of the whole wide spectrum of a constantly... more
The collection of Celtic coins from Poland has recently increased by another find, deserving special attention. By virtue of the circumstances of its discovery, it can be perceived as part of the whole wide spectrum of a constantly growing amount of coincidental finds in our country – whether anybody likes it or not. On the grounds of rigorous legal solutions concerning the property rights of relics found in the earth binding in Poland, data concerning this category of sources rarely reach the scientific circles formally. Nevertheless, if it were not for them, our knowledge about the past, including the circulation of money in antiquity, would be not only far incomplete but simply out of touch with reality, whose learning is, after all, the main subject of the scientific research of numismatists and archaeologists. Gathering information about coincidental and “hobby” finds was one of the stages of the preliminary research of all the accessible sources concerning Celtic coins connected with the area of Poland, carrier out by the author from the end of 2006 r. However, making a database which is relatively complete, and at least representative, would not be possible, however, if it had not been for the kindness and cooperation from amateur-numismatists and history lovers. Thanks to one of them, information about the unknown type of the Celtic coin, which the find published here is, can get to the scientific circulation.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Celtic Studies, Numismatics, Celts (Archaeology), Celtic Archaeology, and 25 moreAncient numismatics (Archaeology), Late Iron Age (Archaeology), Archeologia, Celtic Archeology, Iron Age, Celtic numismatics, Coins finds as archaeological artefacts, Ancient Numismatics, Ancient Coins, Iconography of ancient coins, Celtic coins, Celtic Coinage, Numismatica, Celtic gold coinage, Coins, Coin Finds, Boii, Numismatica Antica, Archeologia, Numismatica, Coinage of Celts, Celtic Boii, Monety Celtyckie, Boii coinage, Boii Gold Coinage, and Archeologia Celtów
Research Interests: Archaeology, Ritual, Culture, Funerary Archaeology, Neolithic Archaeology, and 15 moreBronze Age Europe (Archaeology), Neolithic & Chalcolithic Archaeology, Bell Beakers (Archaeology), Bronze Age Archaeology, Death and Burial (Archaeology), Neolithic Europe, Bronze Age (Archaeology), Early Bronze Age (Archaeology), Archeologia, Neolithic, Tradition, Burial Customs, Bell Beaker Culture, Bell Beaker, and Bell Beakers
Research Interests: Archaeology, Celtic Studies, Numismatics, Numismatic, Celts (Archaeology), and 16 moreCeltic Archaeology, Ancient numismatics (Archaeology), Late Iron Age (Archaeology), Iron Age, Ancient Numismatics, Celtic Coinage, Numismatica, Celtic gold coinage, Boii, Celtic and Roman Coinage, Coinage of Celts, Monety Celtyckie, Monety Celtyckie, Celtic mint near Kalisz, Celtowie, and Celts (Numismatics)
Gegenstand vorliegender Arbeit ist der Versuch, in neuer Weise den Wandel, zu dem es am Ende des 1. vorchristlichen und zu Beginn des 1. nachchristlichen Jahrhunderts im uns interessierenden Gebiet kam, zu betrachten und zu... more
Gegenstand vorliegender Arbeit ist der Versuch, in neuer Weise den Wandel, zu dem es am Ende des 1. vorchristlichen und zu Beginn des 1. nachchristlichen Jahrhunderts im uns interessierenden Gebiet kam, zu betrachten und zu interpretieren. Es handelt sich folglich um einen breiteren Horizont als nur die Phase, während der das Marbod-Reich bestand. Eine sehr wichtige Rolle spielen dabei Funde aus dem Gebiet an der Nida, vor allem von den durch den Verfasser geführten Grabungen bei Pełczyska. Hier befindet sich ein großes und reiches Siedlungsensemble, welches Fundplätze vom Neolithikum bis zum Frühmittelalter umfasst. Zur riesigen Fundmasse als Zeugnis außergewöhnlicher vor- und frühgeschichtlicher Siedlungsaktivität gehört auch eine umfangreiche Artefaktsammlung aus der uns interessierenden Phase. Dieses Material spiegelt hervorragend die komplizierten Besied- lungs- und Kulturveränderungen wider, welche in Kleinpolen zu jener Zeit vonstatten gingen, füllt in bedeutender Weise Wissenslücken und wirft neues Licht auf eine Reihe von Problemen. Die Funde von Pełczyska demonstrieren, wie unzureichend unsere Quellenbasis ist, auf der wir die komplizierte Thematik angehen. Hier werden nämlich die Probleme von Migrationen, von kulturellen und ethni- schen Differenzierungen sowie vielschichtige Fragen überregionaler Bedeutung berührt, alles von dynamischen, kurzfristig ablaufenden Umgestaltungen betroffen. Doch sind die Quellengrundla- gen dazu sehr bescheiden. Dies betrifft unter anderem das wenig umfangreiche Metallmaterial vonSiedlungen, was – nach Meinung des Verfassers – vor allem auf die hauptsächlich in den fünfziger und sechziger Jahren, zum Teil auch noch später, angewandte Grabungsmethodik zurückzuführen ist. Dies betrifft nicht nur Kleinpolen, aber Symbol dessen wurde das vor kurzem entdeckte, keltische, überregional bedeutsame Handwerks- und Handelszentrum vom Typ Roseldorf-Němčice auf dem Gelände einer in dieser Zeit untersuchten Siedlung bei Nowa Cerekwia, pow. Głubczyce, woj. opolskie. Ein weiteres Problem ist das Fehlen von Gräberfeldern der vorrömischen Eisenzeit, erklärbar nur mit spezifischen Bestattungssitten der Kelten seit der jüngeren Phase der Mittellatènezeit. Das nahezu völlige Fehlen auch von Gräberfeldern der Träger der Przeworsk-Kultur wird traditionell mit der Übernahme keltischer Sitten erklärt. Neue Funde, darunter von Pełczyska, scheinen anzudeuten, dass diese Deutung in Gänze oder zu großen Teilen falsch ist. Die Gründe für das genannte Phänomen sind offenbar viel prosaischer. Aus ökologischer Sicht gehört das uns interessierende Gebiet zu den degradiertesten ganz Polens. Durch Charakter und Umfang negativer Umformungen führte die Anthropopression die Landschaft in einen katastrophalen Zustand. In Konsequenz dessen wurden archäologische Fundplätze in unvorstellbarer Weise gestört. Die Entdeckungen auf den Fundplätzen bei Pełczyska, besonders den sepulkralen, waren durch glücklichen Zufall und dank der angewandten Untersuchungsmethoden möglich. Dadurch verdop- pelte sich innerhalb weniger Jahre die Zahl donauländischer Importe der Phasen LT D2 – B1a. Von weitreichenden, vorher unbekannten Kontakten der ansässigen Bevölkerung zeugt eine Reihe von Neufunden. Dieses Beispiel zeigt eine einsetzende, weitreichende Neubewertung des Charakters und der Rolle Kleinpolens bei den breit verstandenen Kontakten zwischen Caput Adriae und den Gebieten an der Ostsee an der Wende von der vorrömischen Eisen- zur römischen Kaiserzeit. Dies betrifft auch die Frage seines Verhältnisses zum Marbod-Reich, die in der Fachliteratur im Grunde noch überhaupt nicht gestellt worden ist.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Celtic Studies, Celts (Archaeology), Social Archaeology, Celtic Archaeology, and 37 moreLate Iron Age (Archaeology), Cross-cultural interaction (Archaeology), Archeologia, Celtic Archeology, Iron Age, Roman Period, Archaeology of Germanic tribes (Roman period), Barbarian societies, Prehistoric Archeology, Craftsmen, Celts, Dacians, Archeologie, Archéologie, Barbaricum, Przeworsk culture, Late Iron Age/Roman transition, La Tene Period in Middle Europe, La Tene culture, Pre-Roman Iron Age, Wielbark Culture, Long distance contacts, Germanic, Barbaricum Archaeology, Gesellschaftsstruktur und Zentralorte – auf der Suche nach strukturellen Gemeinsamkeiten in Latène- und Przeworsk-Kultur / Struktura społeczna i miejsca centralne – w poszukiwaniu powiązań strukturalnych pomiędzy cywilizacją lateńską a kulturą przeworską, Late Iron Age, Tyniec Group, Lugii, Pre-Roman Dacia, La Tène Culture, La Tène period, Celtowie, Late Celtic and Early Roman transition, Trade Routes, Pełczyska, Şimleul Silvaniei bracelets, and Contacts
In recent years the number of archaeological finds associated with the Celtic presence in the area north of the Carpathians and the Sudety has grown perceptibly. This evidence is helping to validate the claim that the role played by the... more
In recent years the number of archaeological finds associated with the Celtic presence in the area north of the Carpathians and the Sudety has grown perceptibly. This evidence is helping to validate the claim that the role played by the Celts in shaping the culture of Poland during the La Tène and at the beginning of the Roman Period was much greater than has been supposed in the past. Although the road to reconstructing and correctly evaluating this role still seems a long one there is no doubt that numismatic sources have much to contribute on this subject. An important discovery in this regard was made in the vicinity of Kalisz, Poland, one of the most unexpected archaeological developments recorded in Poland in recent years. It is not an exaggeration to say that this new input represents a qualitative advance in the study of a wide range of issues related to trade exchange, circulation of precious metal coinage, far-ranging contacts, the cultural and even political environment of the people who settled around the turn of the era the region between the Vistula and the Odra river.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Celtic Studies, Numismatics, Numismatic, Celts (Archaeology), and 39 moreSocial Archaeology, Celtic Archaeology, Ancient numismatics (Archaeology), X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) Spectroscopy, Archeologia, Celtic Archeology, Iron Age, Archaeology of Germanic tribes (Roman period), Celtic numismatics, Coins finds as archaeological artefacts, Ancient Numismatics, Ancient Coins, Celts, Ancient Celts, Celtic, Archéologie, XRF, Celtic coins, Celtic Coinage, La Tene Period in Middle Europe, La Tene culture, Kelten; Numismatik; keltische Münzen, Numismatica, Celtic gold coinage, Boii, Coinage of Celts, Iron Age Celts, Late Iron Age, The Celts, Lugii, Lugiorum nomen, Monety Celtyckie, Celtowie, Celts (Numismatics), Late Celtic and Early Roman transition, Ancient Celtic Numismatics, Mennictwo Celtyckie, Mennica Celtycka, and Eastern Europe Celts
Research Interests: Archaeology, Celtic Studies, Numismatics, Numismatic, Iron Age (Archaeology) (Archaeology), and 31 moreCeltic Archaeology, Ancient numismatics (Archaeology), Late Iron Age (Archaeology), Archeologia, Celtic Archeology, Iron Age, Archaeology of Germanic tribes (Roman period), Celtic numismatics, Coins finds as archaeological artefacts, Ancient Numismatics, Ancient Coins, Iron Age archaeology, Ancient Coinage, Archeologie, Archéologie, Late Iron Age/Roman transition, Celtic coins, Celtic Coinage, Kelten; Numismatik; keltische Münzen, Numismatica, Celtic gold coinage, Boii, Iron Age Celts, Tyniec Group, Celtic Boii, Monety Celtyckie, Pełczyska type, Boii coinage, Late Celtic and Early Roman transition, Grupa Tyniecka, and Boii Gold Coinage
Research Interests: Archaeology, Prehistoric weapons, Late Iron Age (Archaeology), Archeologia, Iron Age, and 16 moreRoman Period, Archeologie, Archéologie, Barbaricum, Przeworsk culture, Archaeology of Weapons, Ancient Weapons and Warfare, Wielbark Culture, Early Iron Age, Late Iron Age, Roman period, Late Antiquity, typology, chronology, distribution, function, fibulae, weapons, tools, harness, metal vessels, writing equipment, balances and weights, small finds, Archaeology of War, Gesellschaftsstruktur und Zentralorte – auf der Suche nach strukturellen Gemeinsamkeiten in Latène- und Przeworsk-Kultur / Struktura społeczna i miejsca centralne – w poszukiwaniu powiązań strukturalnych pomiędzy cywilizacją lateńską a kulturą przeworską, Germanic Weapon, Kultura Przeworska, Przeworsk Kultur, Bewaffung, and Józef Kostrzewski
The subject of this contribution are two bronze Avar belt mounts discovered at the locality Pełczyska during an excavation made by the author and M. Trzeciecki in 2005. They are the first small finds recovered in the area associated with... more
The subject of this contribution are two bronze Avar belt mounts discovered at the locality Pełczyska during an excavation made by the author and M. Trzeciecki in 2005. They are the first small finds recovered in the area associated with Slav occupation during the early tribal period (8th-10th c.?). The fieldwork was part of the Celtic Expedition from Institute of Archaeology University of Warsaw, in progress since 2000.The locality Pełczyska (distr. Pińczów, voi. świętokrzyskie) harbours a series of sites, of which possibly the best known is a Celtic settlement (investigated 1959-1973, 2000-2006) which when excavated yielded a truly impressive quantity of small finds dating from the Neolithic, Bronze Age, Early Iron Age, Pre-Roman and Roman Period, but no evidence to document occupation during later stages of the Migration Period and the Early Medieval Period. A recent aerial investigation (with kind cooperation from the K.Wieczorek, pilot) of the site of a late-medieval earthwork on Mt Olbrych (alternately, Mt Zawinnica) detected the remains of a filled-in 106 x 80 m ring ditch laid on a rectangular plan. While the back-fill of the ditch produced no stratigraphic sequence useful for dating it contained early medieval material: pottery and two remarkable Avar belt mounts which add to our understanding of the Avar connection in Małopolska. More research is needed for a fuller interpretation of Avar finds from Małopolska and for a more conclusive dating of the earthwork at Pełczyska.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Gender Studies, Early Medieval Archaeology, Medieval Archaeology, Early Medieval And Medieval Settlement (Archaeology), and 23 moreCorrespondence Analysis, Archeologia, Archaeology of the Avars, Archeologia medievale, Byzantine, Slavs, Archeologie, Archéologie, Slavic Archaeology, Avar Age, Funeral Rites, Archaeolgy, Early Mediavel Archaeology, Avar Period in the Carpathian basin, Avars, Avar period, early middle Age, Avar Age of the Carpathian Basin, Avar period in the Carpathian basin, Metall Anylysis, Belt Garnitures, Late Avar Period, Ethnic Attribution, Migratons Period, and Avars Gepids Suebs Slavs Longobards
Collecting Celtic coins by private individuals is a new phenomenon in Poland. And it seems that most of these collections are formed of coins from Bohemia and Moravia. Thanks to the cooperation between numismatists and collectors it is... more
Collecting Celtic coins by private individuals is a new phenomenon in Poland. And it seems that most of these collections are formed of coins from Bohemia and Moravia. Thanks to the cooperation between numismatists and collectors it is often possible to record these pieces and determine their place of discovery, apparently, in most cases, in a reliable manner. The focus of the present study are new coin finds, 6 from the oppidum of Staré Hradisko, 1 from Třísov, 3 from Moravia (with no closer provenance). One of the issues addressed here is the challenge now posed by the typological classification of gold coins of the Boii. Steady increase in the number of finds of new coins, new types and variants among them, has made the classifications of R. Paulsen (1933) and K. Castelin (1965) no longer adequate.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Celtic Studies, Numismatics, Numismatic, Celts (Archaeology), and 24 moreCeltic Archaeology, Ancient numismatics (Archaeology), Celtic Archeology, Iron Age, Oppida, Celtic numismatics, Coins finds as archaeological artefacts, Ancient Numismatics, Ancient Coins, Iron Age archaeology, Celts, Celtic coins, Celtic Coinage, Numismatica, Celtic gold coinage, Coins, Boii, Coinage of Celts, Celtic Boii, Monety Celtyckie, Monety Celtyckie, Boii coinage, Greek and Celtic Coins, and Boii Gold Coinage
Research Interests: Archaeology, Ritual, Culture, Funerary Archaeology, Neolithic Archaeology, and 14 moreNeolithic & Chalcolithic Archaeology, Death and Burial (Archaeology), Infant burial (Archaeology), Burial (Ritual), Burial Practices (Archaeology), Corded Ware Culture, Neolithic Europe, Archeologia, Neolithic, Tradition, Archéologie, Burial Customs, Corded Ware Cultural Complex, and Burial rites of the Corded Ware and the Bell Beaker Cultures in Central Europe
Pełczyska, Gde. Złota, Kr. Pińczów, Woiw. świętokrzyskie ist eine kleine Ortschaft etwa 55 km nordöstlich von Krakau. Es handelt sich bei dieser Gegend um fruchtbare Lössboden des rechten Nidaufers. Auslöser für die archäologischen... more
Pełczyska, Gde. Złota, Kr. Pińczów, Woiw. świętokrzyskie ist eine kleine Ortschaft etwa 55 km nordöstlich von Krakau. Es handelt sich bei dieser Gegend um fruchtbare Lössboden des rechten Nidaufers. Auslöser für die archäologischen Arbeiten war eine zufällige Entdeckung im Jahr 1938. Nach neun Kampagnen archäologischer Grabungsarbeiten in den Jahren 1958-1973 waren die Überreste einer großen frühzeitlichen Siedlung offen gelegt worden, die Material der Przeworsk- und Latènekultur enthielten. Die Forschungen in Pełczyska wurden ab 2000 fortgesetzt, im Rahmen des Projekts Keltische Expedition des Instituts für Archäologie der Universität Warschau. Ihr Ergebnis war die Entdeckung eines mehrkulturellen Gräberfeldes, das mit der Siedlung verbunden war und seit 2001 das Kernobjekt der Arbeiten ist. In den sechs Grabungskampagnen der Jahre 2000-2006 wurden unter anderem eine ganze Reihe von Fundstücken aus der römischen Kaiserzeit gefunden. Gegenstand dieser Arbeit ist eine Übersicht über die römischen Importe, welche Funde aus den Jahren 1958-1973, 2000-2006 sowie zufällige Funde in Betracht nimmt. Bis heute sind mindestens 51 solcher Gegenstände entdeckt worden, in drei verschiedenen Fundstellen, die einem Siedlungskomplex angehörten. Die Mehr- zahl stammt aus dem Bereich der Siedlung (FSt. 1,2,4), die Übrigen vom Gräberfeld (FSt. 6) und zwei bronzene Gefäße stammen vermutlich aus dem als Fundstelle 5 gekennzeichneten Gebiet.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Iron Age (Archaeology) (Archaeology), Late Iron Age (Archaeology), Archeologia, Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), and 27 moreIron Age, Roman Period, Archaeology of Germanic tribes (Roman period), Iron Age archaeology, Craftsmen, Celts, Dacians, Archeologie, Archéologie, Barbaricum, Przeworsk culture, Roman Imports in Middle Europe, Marbod's "state", Wielbark Culture, Early Iron Age, Late Iron Age, Roman period, Late Antiquity, typology, chronology, distribution, function, fibulae, weapons, tools, harness, metal vessels, writing equipment, balances and weights, small finds, Long distance contacts, Germanic, Barbaricum Archaeology, Gesellschaftsstruktur und Zentralorte – auf der Suche nach strukturellen Gemeinsamkeiten in Latène- und Przeworsk-Kultur / Struktura społeczna i miejsca centralne – w poszukiwaniu powiązań strukturalnych pomiędzy cywilizacją lateńską a kulturą przeworską, Tyniec Group, Lugii, Pre-Roman Dacia, La Tène period, Archaeology of Early Roman Period, Trade Routes, Şimleul Silvaniei bracelets, and Contacts
Research Interests: Archaeology, Celtic Studies, Ritual, Culture, Funerary Archaeology, and 23 moreFuneral Practices, Celtic Archaeology, Death and Burial (Archaeology), Burial (Ritual), Burial Practices (Archaeology), Late Iron Age (Archaeology), Archeologia, Iron Age, Roman Period, Tradition, Funerary Practices, Barbaricum, Przeworsk culture, Studying funerary rituals about inhumation and cremation., Burial Customs, Late Iron Age/Roman transition, La Tene culture, Wielbark Culture, Archaeology of the Funeral Ritual, Gesellschaftsstruktur und Zentralorte – auf der Suche nach strukturellen Gemeinsamkeiten in Latène- und Przeworsk-Kultur / Struktura społeczna i miejsca centralne – w poszukiwaniu powiązań strukturalnych pomiędzy cywilizacją lateńską a kulturą przeworską, Late Iron Age, Tyniec Group, and Lugii
Zachodniomałopolska wyżyna lessowa to pod względem archeologicznym jeden z najbardziej interesujących rejonów naszego kraju. Cały szereg czynników, w tym bardzo urodzajne gleby, od wieków tworzyły klimat wyjątkowo sprzyjający osadnictwu.... more
Zachodniomałopolska wyżyna lessowa to pod względem archeologicznym jeden z najbardziej interesujących rejonów naszego kraju. Cały szereg czynników, w tym bardzo urodzajne gleby, od wieków tworzyły klimat wyjątkowo sprzyjający osadnictwu. Świadectwem tego stanu rzeczy jest olbrzymie natężenie materialnych śladów pobytu grup ludzkich z różnych epok. Od tysięcy lat żyzne czarnoziemy były źródłem znacznego dobrobytu społeczeństw zamieszkujących je w starożytności. Z tego względu, odkrycia archeologiczne dokonywane każdego roku na tym terenie, pod względem liczby i wartości naukowej należą do najcenniejszych w Polsce. Niektóre z nich mają jednak charakter wyjątkowy. Z niejasnych dla nas przyczyn, pewne miejsca bardziej niż inne przyciągały grupy ludzkie, stając się dla nich źródłem zamożności i prestiżu. Do takich miejsc wyjątkowych należy obszar Pełczysk - niewielkiej miejscowości leżącej w powiecie pińczowskim, woj. świętokrzyskie. Ziemia jest tam prawdziwą kopalnią wiedzy o życiu i obyczajach ludów starożytnych. Zdumiewające odkrycia, których udało się dokonać w ostatnich latach, stawiają Pełczyska w rzędzie najcenniejszych dóbr dziedzictwa kulturowego Ponidzia, a jednocześnie najważniejszych stanowisk archeologicznych w skali całego kraju. Nagromadzenie materialnych śladów działalności ludzkiej w tym miejscu jest wręcz niewiarygodne, a każde kolejne badania przynoszą coraz bardziej zaskakujące odkrycia.
Research Interests:
Research Interests: Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Celtic Studies, Celts (Archaeology), Celtic Archaeology, and 24 moreLate Iron Age (Archaeology), Archeologia, Celtic Archeology, Iron Age, Roman Period, Prehistoric Archeology, Craftsmen, Celts, Dacians, Archeologie, Archéologie, Przeworsk culture, Long distance contacts, Germanic, Iron Age Celts, Tyniec Group, Lugii, Pre-Roman Dacia, La Tène period, Late Celtic and Early Roman transition, Trade Routes, Grupa Tyniecka, Şimleul Silvaniei bracelets, and Contacts
Research Interests: Archaeology, Celtic Studies, Numismatics, Numismatic, Celts (Archaeology), and 31 moreCeltic Archaeology, Ancient numismatics (Archaeology), Late Iron Age (Archaeology), Archeologia, Celtic Archeology, Iron Age, Celtic numismatics, Ancient Numismatics, Ancient Coins, Prehistoric Archeology, Celts, Archeologie, Archéologie, Przeworsk culture, Celtic coins, Celtic Coinage, La Tene culture, Numismatica, Celtic gold coinage, Coins, Boii, Iron Age Celts, Gesellschaftsstruktur und Zentralorte – auf der Suche nach strukturellen Gemeinsamkeiten in Latène- und Przeworsk-Kultur / Struktura społeczna i miejsca centralne – w poszukiwaniu powiązań strukturalnych pomiędzy cywilizacją lateńską a kulturą przeworską, Celtic Boii, Monety Celtyckie, Pełczyska type, Celtowie, Late Celtic and Early Roman transition, Mennictwo Celtyckie, Numizmatyka Antyczna, and Grupa Tyniecka
Research Interests: Archaeology, Celtic Studies, Numismatics, Numismatic, Celtic Archaeology, and 24 moreAncient numismatics (Archaeology), Late Iron Age (Archaeology), Archeologia, Iron Age, Celtic numismatics, Ancient Numismatics, Ancient Coins, Celtic Coinage, La Tene Period in Middle Europe, La Tene culture, Numismatica, Celtic gold coinage, Boii, Iron Age Celts, Tyniec Group, Celtic Boii, Monety Celtyckie, Geto-Dacian coinage, Huşi-Vovrieşti type, Dacian coins, Pełczyska type, Boii coinage, Ancient Celtic Numismatics, and Pełczyska
The article focuses on two braceates of the Teutonic Order (Waschinski type 198 & Waschinski type 104-107) discovered in the culture layer at the fortified settlement Bezławki, site 1 (Kętrzyn distr., warmińsko-mazurskie voiv.) in 2000.
Research Interests:
Recent discoveries from the Kuyavia region provided a number of finds that change our perception of the continuity of inhabitation in the Kuyavia area after the disappearance of the Przeworsk culture settlement structures related to the... more
Recent discoveries from the Kuyavia region provided a number of finds that change our perception of the continuity of inhabitation in the Kuyavia area after the disappearance of the Przeworsk culture settlement structures related to the Pre-Roman and Roman Periods. The settlement in Kuyavia existed also during the Migration Period at least until the 7 th c. The settlement complex in Gąski-Wierzbiczany, from which the belt purse fastenings presented in the following paper came, seems to be of particular importance. The fastenings are dated to the 2 nd half of the 4 th and the beginnings of the 5 th c., i.e., the decline of the Late Roman Period and the onset of the Migration Period. Until recently, they were known from the areas neighbouring the Roman Empire boundary — limes — and from Roman military camps in Rhaetia. Currently, their list significantly extended, and the range of their occurrence expanded and includes the east Germany and Bohemia. At the same time the finds form Kuyavia (most likely made on-the-spot) are among specimens located furthest to the east. It seems that these unique finds of purse fastenings from the southeastern and eastern peripheries of Europe might be explained through the existence of a cultural centre in Kuyavia that facilitated the propagation of western cultural patterns, in this case related to outfit of warriors. K e y w o r d s: Roman Period; Migration Period; Kuyavia; Przeworsk Culture
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Chief Editor: Przemysław Urbańczyk; Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology Polish Academy of Sciences; Editor of Volume 4: Aleksandra Rzeszotarska-Nowakiewicz; ISBN: 978-83-63760-91-5; Warsaw 2016 As far as Polish archaeology is... more
Chief Editor: Przemysław Urbańczyk; Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology Polish Academy of Sciences;
Editor of Volume 4: Aleksandra Rzeszotarska-Nowakiewicz;
ISBN: 978-83-63760-91-5;
Warsaw 2016
As far as Polish archaeology is concerned, the time has clearly come for preparing such a synthesis, since the previous work of this kind (Prahistoria ziem polskich l-V) was published over 25 years ago. The new discoveries, new interpretations, and new research approaches developed by the new generation of scholars studying the material remains of the past urgently require a proper synopsis. [...]
The present volumes are the work of 60 authors formally divided into five teams. In order to curb the "separatist" effects of the traditional systematization of prehistory and protohistory (into the Palaeolithic Era, the Mesolithic Era, the Neolithic Era, the Bronze Age, the Iron Age, and the Early Middle Ages), we employed a strictly chronological criterion: volume one encompasses the period between ca. 500,000 BC and 5,500 BC; volume two - between 5,500 BC and 2,000 BC; volume three - between 2,000 BC and 500 BC; volume four - between 500 BC and 500 AD; and volume five - between 500 AD and 1000 AD. Such an artificial division mitigates the sharpness of the traditional "pivotal moments" and at the same time emphasizes the accelerating nature of socio-cultural changes. [...]
Editor of Volume 4: Aleksandra Rzeszotarska-Nowakiewicz;
ISBN: 978-83-63760-91-5;
Warsaw 2016
As far as Polish archaeology is concerned, the time has clearly come for preparing such a synthesis, since the previous work of this kind (Prahistoria ziem polskich l-V) was published over 25 years ago. The new discoveries, new interpretations, and new research approaches developed by the new generation of scholars studying the material remains of the past urgently require a proper synopsis. [...]
The present volumes are the work of 60 authors formally divided into five teams. In order to curb the "separatist" effects of the traditional systematization of prehistory and protohistory (into the Palaeolithic Era, the Mesolithic Era, the Neolithic Era, the Bronze Age, the Iron Age, and the Early Middle Ages), we employed a strictly chronological criterion: volume one encompasses the period between ca. 500,000 BC and 5,500 BC; volume two - between 5,500 BC and 2,000 BC; volume three - between 2,000 BC and 500 BC; volume four - between 500 BC and 500 AD; and volume five - between 500 AD and 1000 AD. Such an artificial division mitigates the sharpness of the traditional "pivotal moments" and at the same time emphasizes the accelerating nature of socio-cultural changes. [...]