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CONFERENCE
2018
EBOR CONFERENCE
4th ECONOMICS, BUSINESS AND ORGANIZATION RESEARCH CONFERENCE
21-22-23 May 2021
Poland
ABSTRACT
BOOK
Editors:
Aleksandra Przegalinska, Sevgi Kalkan, Erhan Aydin, Mehmet Gokerik
EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
Committee
Co-Chairs of Conference
Prof. Dr. Aleksandra Przegalinska
Prof. Dr. Sevgi Kalkan
Kozminski University, Poland
İstanbul Yeni Yuzyil University, Turkey
Advisory Committee
Prof. Dr. Adnan ul Haque
Prof. Dr. Ali Caglar Cakmak
Prof. Dr. Andreas Kuckertz
Prof. Dr. Roberto Biloslavo
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Emiliano Di Carlo
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Erhan Aydın
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ivan Russo
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Michele Grimaldi
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Will Baber
Assist. Prof. Dr. Angelo Tomaselli
Assist. Prof. Dr. Mushfiqur Rahman
Dr. Fred Yamoah
Yorkville University, Canada
Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Turkey
University of Hohenheim, Germany
University of Primorska, Slovenia
University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Italy
Usak University, Turkey; IPAG Business School Paris
Universita' di Verona, Italy
Università degli studi di Cassino e del Lazio Meridionale, Italy
Kyoto University, Japan
UVA University, Netherlands
University of Wales Trinity Saint David, London
Brunel University London, UK
Scientific Committee
Prof. Dr. Adnane Maalaoui
Prof. Dr. Akhtar Baloch
Prof. Dr. Alex Douglas
Prof. Dr. Beata Ślusarczyk
Prof. Dr. Bradley Bowden
Prof. Dr. Claire Seaman
Prof. Dr. Corrado Cerruti
Prof. Dr. Corrado lo Storto
Prof. Dr. Dimitrios Buhalis
Prof. Dr. Enrique Bigné
Prof. Dr. Fabio Musso
Prof. Dr. Ilan Alon
Prof. Dr. Ilhan Ozturk
Prof. Dr. James J. Zhang
Prof. Dr. Malin Song
Prof. Dr. Mohammed Rawwas
Prof. Dr. Mustafa Ozbilgin
Prof. Dr. M. Farooq Haq
Prof. Dr. Nick Rumens
Prof. Dr. Peter Stokes
Prof. Dr. Refika Bakoglu
Prof. Dr. Saim Kayadibi
IPAG Business School, France
University of Karachi, Pakistan
University of Aberdeen, UK
Poland and North West University, South Africa
Griffith University , Australia
Queen Margeret University, UK
University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Italy
University of Naples Federico II - Italy
Bournemouth University, UK
Universitad de Valencia, Spain
Carlo Bo University of Urbino, Italy
University of Agder, Norway
Cag University, Turkey
University of Georgia, Athens
Anhui University of Finance and Economics, China
University of Northern Iowa, USA
Brunel University London, UK
International Canadian University of Dubai, UAE
Middlesex University, UK
King's College London, UK
Marmara University, Turkey
International Islamic University, Malaysia
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EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Prof. Dr. Sevgi Kalkan
Prof. Dr. Ton van der Wiele
Prof. Dr. Üzeyir Aydin
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ali Talip Akpinar
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Chatura Ranaweera
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Deniz Zeren
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Emir Ozeren
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Fabio Cassia
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Fabio Fiano
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Fu-Sheng Tsai
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Isaiah Oino
Assoc. Prof. Dr. João Farinha
Assoc. Prof. Dr. John Aston
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Matthew W. Green Jr.
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sahidi Bilan
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Romina Alkier
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sari Wahyuni
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sebastian Kot
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sumesh Dadwal
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Will Baber
Assist. Prof. Dr. Abdülaziz Elwalda
Assist. Prof. Dr. Andrea Appolloni
Assist. Prof. Dr. Berk Kucukaltan
Assist. Prof. Dr. Francesca Magno
Assist. Prof. Dr. Francesco Scafarto
Assist. Prof. Dr. Fred Yamoah
Assist. Prof. Dr. Luis Porcuna-Enguix
Assist. Prof. Dr. Mushfiqur Rahman
Assist. Prof. Dr. Nurcan Deniz
Assist. Prof. Dr. Rostiana Rostiana
Assist. Prof. Dr. Ruoqi Geng
Assist. Prof. Dr. Severin Hornung
Assist. Prof. Dr. Vipin Nadda
Dr. Amare Desta
Dr. Chompoonut Amchang
Dr. Giovanni Cerulli
Dr. Ivo Hristov
Dr. Juthathip Suraraksa
Dr. K.C. Chen
Dr. Manoj PushpaKumara Jinadasa
Dr. Karolina Olszewska
Dr. Katarina Ott
Dr. Monika Hadaś-Dyduch
Dr. Niloofar Kazemargi
Dr. Okeoma John-Paul Okeke
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
Yeni Yuzyil University, Turkey
Erasmus University Rotterdam , Netherlands
Dokuz Eylul University, Turkey
Kocaeli University, Turkey
Wilfrid Laurier University, Canada
Cukurova University, Turkey
Dokuz Eylul University, Turkey
University of Verona, Italy
Link Campus University, Italy
Cheng Shiu University, Taiwan
Coventry University, UK
ISLA Santarém, Portugal
Brunel Business School, Brunel University, UK
Cleveland- Marshall College of Law, USA
University of Sunderland, UK
University of Rijeka, Croatia
University of Indonesia, Indonesia
Czestochowa University of Technology, Poland
Northhumbria University, UK
Kyoto University, Japan
Misurata University, Libya
University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Italy
Trakya University, Turkey and University of Bradford, UK
University of Bergamo, Italy
University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy
Brunel University London, UK
Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain
University of Wales Trinity Saint David, UK
Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Turkey
Universitas Tarumanagara, Indonesia
Cardiff University, UK
Austria
University of Sunderland in London, UK
University of Wales Trinity Saint David London, UK
Burapha University , Thailand
Italian National Research Council, Italy
University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Italy
Burapha University , Thailand
California State University, Fresno, USA
University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
University of Wroclaw, Poland
Institute of Public Finance, Croatia
University of Economics in Katowice, Poland
LUISS Guido Carli University, Italy
University of Wales Trinity Saint David London, UK
ii
EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Dr. Riffat Faizan
Dr. Salma Sairally
Dr. Samar Khan
Dr. Saowanit Lekhavat
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
ABMS University, Switzerland
Lorong University - Malaysia
York University, Canada
Burapha University, Thailand
Organizing Committee
Prof. Dr. Adnan ul Haque
Prof. Dr. Aleksandra Przegalinska
Prof. Dr. Sevgi Kalkan
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Erhan Aydin
Assist. Prof. Dr. Hande Ozek
Assist. Prof. Dr. Mehmet Gokerik
Dr. Osman Tuzun
Yorkville University, Canada
Kozminski University, Poland
Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University, Turkey
Usak University, Turkey; IPAG Business School Paris
Yeni Yuzyil University, Turkey
Karabuk University, Turkey
Usak University, Turkey
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EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
Editors:
Prof. Dr. Aleksandra Przegalinska
Kozminski University, Poland, 2021
Prof. Dr. Sevgi Kalkan
İstanbul Yeni Yuzyil University, Turkey, 2021
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Erhan Aydin
Usak University, Turkey; IPAG Business School Paris, France, 2021
Assist. Prof. Dr. Mehmet Gokerik
Karabuk University, Turkey, 2020
Assistant Editor:
Yusuf Alparslan Dibek
Usak University, Turkey, 2021
All rights reserved.
All papers are printed as received, on authors’ responsibility.
The proceedings have not been amended or proofread and editors are not responsible for the
language used in the paper.
ISBN: 978-605-68816-8-8
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Invited Speakers ...................................................................................................................................... 6
3D Printers in The Medical Sector: Perspectives and Impacts ................................................................ 7
Directions for Modernization of Innovative Youth Startup Design in Belarus ........................................ 8
Strategic Path of R&D Financing for Future Profitability under Uncertainty: Cybersecurity Giants and
COVID-19 ................................................................................................................................................. 9
Coupled Open Innovation between Medium-Sized Companies and Start-Ups .................................... 10
Schumpeterian Destruction of The Retail Sector and The Covid-19-pandemic.................................... 11
The Effect of Perceived Corporate Reputation on Word of Mouth Intentions: The Mediating Role of
Affective Organizational Commitment.................................................................................................. 12
Analysis of Companies’ Strategic Planning Practice .............................................................................. 13
The Work Management Model of The New Era-Pandemic and Post Pandemic Revolution ................ 14
Organizational Transformation in The Pharmaceutical Industry in The Peri- and Post-COVID-19 Period
............................................................................................................................................................... 15
The Use of Time of Self-employed Persons in Slovakia......................................................................... 16
Crowdfunding - Is It A Chance for Enterprises to Cope with A Pandemic Crisis? ................................. 17
Construction of A Brand-New Model to Strengthen Local Security Strategic Planning: Evidence from
Turkey .................................................................................................................................................... 18
Current State of Market Development of Organic Products in Georgia ............................................... 19
A Literature Review on The Barriers and Challenges Face by Exporting Manufacturing Organizations:
The Cyprus Prospective ......................................................................................................................... 20
The Mediating Role of Organizational Justice Perception in The Impact of Ethical Climate on
Whistleblowing Intention: A Study on Accountants and Auditors........................................................ 21
Biodiversity Disclosure: A Preliminary Study on South Africa Integrated Reports ............................... 22
Approaches of Airlines to Overcome The Devastating Effects of Covid-19 and Emerging New
Circumstances ....................................................................................................................................... 23
Implications of Leadership Development Programs for Internal Customers........................................ 24
Supplier Development and Knowledge Provider Changes .................................................................... 25
Fossil Energy Consumption Prediction Using Machine Learning for Sustainability .............................. 26
“What Does Not Kill You Makes You Stronger” - Leaders’ Sensegiving during Crisis ........................... 27
Communication for Excellence in Hybrid Organizations Case Study in Private Universities ................ 28
The Trajectory of Digital Business Models in Transportation: A Bibliometric Analysis ........................ 29
An Empirical Investigation of The Mobile Banking Apps Adoption ....................................................... 30
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Innovation Cooperation in The Biopharmaceutical Industry in The CEE Region - Results of Primary
Research ................................................................................................................................................ 31
The Impact of Logistics Information Systems on Customer Service and Organizational Performance
Among Export Firms in the Aegean Region ........................................................................................... 32
Does Governance Affect The TCFD Reporting? An Empirical Analysis in The Financial Sector ............ 33
Management Influence of The Organizational Performance in The Automotive Industry .................. 34
New Municipal Council Elections in the Europe ................................................................................... 35
How Public Servants’ Recovery Status Affects Public Organizations’ Reputation ................................ 36
Blockchain Technologies Implications on Education Sector ................................................................. 37
The Effect of Different Types of Interaction on Students’ Satisfaction in An E-Learning Environment 38
The Importance of Ethical Behavior in our Profession .......................................................................... 39
The Role of Simplicity, Humanistic and Transparency in Communication, to Develop Consumer Trust
............................................................................................................................................................... 40
Symbolic Functions of Organizational Images A Theoretical Approach to The Image of A Sports Team
............................................................................................................................................................... 41
Modeling the Forms of International Scientific and Educational Cooperation..................................... 42
Business Success Rate as Example of The Composite Ratio of Business Performance Evaluation: Baltic
States ..................................................................................................................................................... 43
Differences in The Change of Students’ Individual Responsibility Preferences .................................... 44
Does Foreign Aid Contribute to HDI Improvement? ............................................................................. 45
Alcohol Restriction Policy and Consumer Behavior in Lithuania in 2016–2020.................................... 46
The Importance of Natural Resources for The Azerbaijani Economy ................................................... 47
Key Issues on The Interaction between Monetary and Fiscal Policies: Evidences from Albania .......... 48
The Impact of Tourism and Energy Use on CO2 Emissions: Evidence from Transition Economies ...... 49
The Impact of Financial Development on Income Inequality: Evidence from OECD Countries............ 50
Does Financial Literacy “Grease The Wheels” of Loans Market? A Note ............................................. 51
Winning at Home and Abroad: A Generalized Double Diamond Framework for Selected CEE Countries
............................................................................................................................................................... 52
Intangible Capital in Tourism Industry: A Linked Employer-Employee Data Approach ........................ 53
Mapping Z Generation’s Viewpoints in Museum Sustainability Using Q Methodology ....................... 54
Global Problems, Local Responses – Climate Adaptation Challenges of Tourism in Hungary .............. 55
Creative Tourism as A Contemporary Tool for Sustainable Growth ..................................................... 56
Motivational Factors for The Adoption of ISO 9001:2015 Certification in Arabic Countries: A Case
Study of Libyan Service and Manufacturing Industries (LSMI) ............................................................. 57
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Determining The Critical Success Factors of Strategic Technology Alliances in The E-Commerce Sector
............................................................................................................................................................... 58
Customer Success Management as A Distinct Concept: A Literature Review-Based Analysis ............. 59
Consumers’ Choice Behaviours Towards Eco-Friendly Clothing– The Evidence from Poland .............. 60
The Role of Virtual Communities in Film Marketing ............................................................................. 61
Commercial Dispute Resolution System Design: Case Study Republic of North Macedonia................ 62
Legal and Business Barriers of The Sovereign Identity System as An Electronic Identification Means
under eIDAS Regulation ........................................................................................................................ 63
Legal Liability for The Activities of Artificial Intelligence....................................................................... 64
GloBe Rules and Tax Competitiveness .................................................................................................. 65
Cities, Transnational Law and The Fight against COVID-19 Pandemic .................................................. 66
Predicting of Pension Fund Net Asset Values by Machine Learning Methods ..................................... 67
Terminological Transformation of Accounting in the Digital Age ......................................................... 68
Impact of Donor Assistance on The Development of The Financial Reporting System - The Case of
Kosovo ................................................................................................................................................... 69
Merger-Driven Listing Dynamics ........................................................................................................... 70
Assessing The Revenue Performance of The UAE VAT System ............................................................. 71
Why Are They Here? Dissecting The Intentions of Brazilian Exhibitors at Business Fairs .................... 72
Establishing An Integrative Model for Examining Employees’ Acceptance of Working from Home .... 73
Paradigm Wars in Management and Organization Science: Postpositivism’s Death Star, A Critical
Alliance, and The Dark Side of The Force Strikes Back .......................................................................... 74
Capturing Strategic Agility Footprint – An Exploratory Survey in FTSE-MED Companies ..................... 75
Does An Increase in Robot Stocks Mean An Increase in Other Intangible Investments? ..................... 76
The Duality of Working from Home: A Technostress Perspective ........................................................ 77
Impact of Remote Working on The Employees during COVID-19 Pandemic – Conclusions from
Creative Specialists and Software Developers in The Perspective of The Age of Industry 4.0 ............. 78
Snapshot into Aspects of The Organizational Culture that Influence Individuals’ Resistance to Change
............................................................................................................................................................... 79
The Relationship between Organizational Values and Organizational Success .................................... 80
Systemic Agility, A Gauge to Measure Companies’ Adaptation to Their Volatile, Uncertain, Complex
and Ambiguous Operational Environment............................................................................................ 81
Research Publication collaborationS: Data Structuring and Visualization ............................................ 82
Impact of Organization Silence on Innovative Behaviour: Fostering Creativity of Education .............. 83
A Study on The Impact of Covid-19 Epidemic Conditions on Consumer Behavior ............................... 84
Positive Leadership in Virtual Teams .................................................................................................... 85
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Crossing Disciplines: Investigating The Role and Relevance of Compassion-Focused Leadership in
Management ......................................................................................................................................... 86
Organizational Culture and Organizational Climate Research A Systematic Literature Review ........... 87
Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods in Political Sciences ..................................................... 88
Evaluating The Effect of Precautions to Covid-19 Pandemic on Service Quality in Airports ................ 89
Cognitive Biases: A Text-Mining Driven Scientific Literature Approach................................................ 90
Effects of COVID-19 Lockdowns over Anxiety and Depression ............................................................. 91
Do Public Subsidies Crowd Out Private Investments? Evidence from Georgia’s Micro and Small
Business Support Program .................................................................................................................... 92
An Example of a Dynamic Variable Selection by a Genetic Algorithm in the Large State-Space Model
Averaging Scheme* ............................................................................................................................... 93
Examining FoMO Triggered by Retargeted Advertisements on Young People..................................... 94
How Does Customer Engagement Value Occur in Restaurants? A Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR)
Perspective ............................................................................................................................................ 95
Is It Time for A Crisis of Trust? Case of CD Projekt RED Game Development Studio and Their
“Masterpiece” – Cyberpunk Premiere .................................................................................................. 96
A Research on The Effect of Increasing Death Anxiety in COVID-19 Pandemic on Hedonic and
Utilitarian Consumption Behavior of Consumers.................................................................................. 97
Poland in Global Value Chains ............................................................................................................... 98
Composite Indicator for Economic Integration Maturity: The Case of Western-Balkan Countries ...... 99
Honey, Mugs, and Caricatures: Anchors on Prices of Consumer Goods Only Hold Hypothetically ... 100
Efficiency of The Electricity Sector in East Africa and Its Determinants ............................................. 101
Evaluation of The Interaction between Higher Education Institutions and Business Organizations in
The Field of Logistics and Supply Chain Management in Bulgaria from Academic Perspective ......... 102
Does Financial Inclusion Affect Financial Stability? Evidence from OECD Countries .......................... 103
Macroeconomic Policies against Macroeconomic Uncertainty: Turkish Case .................................... 104
A Literature Review Analysis on Migrant Entrepreneurship Studies by Adopting An Intersectionality
Approach ............................................................................................................................................. 105
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21th-22th-23th May 2021
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Invited Speakers
Prof. Dr. Meelis Kitsing, Rector, Chairman of the Board, Professor, PhD
Prof. Dr. Mariassunta Giannetti, Professor of Finance, Stockholm School of Economics /
Sweden
Prof. Dr. Dariusz Jemielniak, Dariusz Jemielniak, Kozminski University (Poland) / Harvard
University (USA)
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Evren Celik Wiltse, South Dakota State University, USA
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Will Baber, Kyoto University, Japan
Assist. Prof. Dr. Helena Chmielewska-Szlajfe, Kozminski University, Poland
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EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
3D Printers in The Medical Sector: Perspectives and Impacts
Fabio MUSSO1
Federica MURMURA2
Laura BRAVI3
Abstract
After the emergence of manufacturing technologies characterized by new paradigms and the
strong influence of interconnected digital solutions, companies are pushed to review their
strategies and in some cases their business model. The current scenario has radically changed
the meaning of technology, which from a simple production factor has become a critical
competitive factor capable of modifying business strategies and revolutionizing sectors and
production processes. 3D printing is a production technique that is developed within a broader
context, namely the so-called Industry 4.0: its application extends to various sectors and
contexts, such as aerospace, construction, art, domestic use, up to healthcare. It is precisely in
this domain that its adoption is envisaging radical changes, offering technological solutions
aimed at improving the life of individuals and at the same time guaranteeing organizational
effectiveness from the point of view of costs and production times. The purpose of this study is
to understand how the adoption of 3D printers in the medical sector has introduced economic
and organizational changes at the supply chain, internal organization and environmental level
within business processes. To this end, a multiple case study has been developed, through the
administration of a semi-structured questionnaire to 7 Italian companies that design, produce
and sell 3D printers, offering additive manufacturing solutions to the medical sector. The results
show how companies believe that the organizational impact linked to the adoption of this
technology is quite significant, highlighting how it leads to the definition of a new
organizational culture. Secondly, it emerges that the adoption of 3D printers within the medical
sector also leads to a change in procedures and manufacturing activities. Finally, it also emerges
that the impact at the supply chain level particularly affects the reduction in the number of
players in the supply chain and product time to market.
Keywords: Medical 3D Printing, Industry 4.0, Additive Manufacturing.
1
Prof. Dr., Fabio Musso, Carlo Bo University of Urbino, Department of Economics, Society, Politics, Italy,
fabio.musso@uniurb.it
2 Prof. Dr., Federica Murmura, Carlo Bo University of Urbino, Department of Economics, Society, Politics, Italy,
federica.murmura@uniurb.it
3 Res.Assist., Laura Bravi, Carlo Bo University of Urbino, Department of Economics, Society, Politics, Italy,
laura.bravi@uniurb.it
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EBOR Conference
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Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
Directions for Modernization of Innovative Youth Startup Design
in Belarus
Venelin TERZIEV4
Vladimir KLIMUK5
Abstract
Technology and change have a great impact on every aspect of life, including education.
Educational institutions are undoubtedly an important part of this whole process. Educational
institutions are facing major cultural, demographic and, above all, technological changes.
Today, teachers are facing new ways of teaching in the digital age that effectively incorporate
technology into the educational environment. The authors of this article discuss the issue of
change management, learning in the digital age and its impact on educational practices and
experiences. In this context, the method of content analysis of relevant documents is applied,
as well as the results of previous theoretical and empirical research of many scientists and
researchers in this field. The conclusions reached are an appropriate starting point for future
action in the framework of educational activities, policies and perspectives. Higher education
in its system has always developed in different areas of science and has made changes that are
aimed at training professionals in relevant areas of our economy. With different structures, but
subject to foundations that provide sustainability and conditions for innovations that update it
to be useful to society. Education has always required a lot - to provide specialists for various
positions in industry and all economic fields, to be a good basis for research and research, to
provide personal development mainly to young people, but also without age restrictions,
especially in the last years of his career. To a greater or lesser degree, the correspondence
between supply and needs is ensured both by the quality of the process itself and by the quantity
of the offered educational service.
Keywords: Modernization, Innovative, Education.
4
Full Member of the Russian Academy of Natural History, Professor, Eng., D.Sc. (National Security), D.Sc. (Economics),
D.Sc. (Social Activities), Ph.D., Georgi Rakovski Military Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria; University of Rousse, Rousse, Bulgaria;
Kaneff University Hospital, Rousse, Bulgaria; Russian Academy of Natural History, Moscow, Russia, vkterziev@gmail.com
5 Associate Professor, Ph.D., Baranavichi State University, Baranovichi, Republic of Belarus, klimuk-vv@yandex.ru
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Strategic Path of R&D Financing for Future Profitability under
Uncertainty: Cybersecurity Giants and COVID-19
Herenia Gutiérrez PONCE6
Julian CHAMIZO-GONZALEZ7
Manar AL-MOHAREB8
Abstract
This paper examines the strategic path of R&D financing for future profits in the US and UK
cybersecurity giants under high uncertainty due to its consequences COVID-19. Our paper
considers the financing options for R&D under uncertainty in the US and UK cybersecurity
industry with time-invariant characteristics and the difference of accounting treatment on R&D
based on GAAP and IFRS by controlling specific fixed effects. Since this study also utilizes a
dynamic panel model, we tried to improve the estimator's efficiency by adopting the System
(GMM) Generalized Method of Moments by using STATA. Our paper conducted empirically
by extracting relevant data from the Orbis database. The study sample consists of 51
cybersecurity giants from 2016 to 2020. Findings indicate that the cybersecurity giants in
advanced economies are using external funds at reasonable rates to finance R&D activities due
to the high returns on investment in the cybersecurity industry and its linkage with the national
security strategy even if uncertainty increases in the short-run at a significance level, as an
average of ceteris paribus. The research gap appears in the literature despite the increase in
research related to investment in R&D and its relationship to the current financial performance.
Therefore, this paper investigates the financing path's impact in increased uncertainty due to
the difference in time (before and after the Covid 19 pandemic) and the different accounting
treatment on R&D as fixed effects. On the other hand, the extent of the contribution of R&D in
light of uncertainty on future profitability by utilizing the panel-data to test the fixed effects
over time and improve the estimator's efficiency by adopting the System (GMM).
Keywords: R&D Financing Sources, Fixed Effects Analysis; System (GMM).
Prof. Dr., Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Faculty of Economics and Business, Spain , herenia.gutierrez@uam.es
Prof. Dr., Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Faculty of Economics and Business, Spain, julian.chamizo@uam.es
8 PhD Student, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Faculty of Economics and Business, Spain,
manar.al-mohareb@estudiante.uam.es
6
7
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Coupled Open Innovation between Medium-Sized Companies and
Start-Ups
Jan FEHLBERG9
Abstract
Established medium-sized companies are increasingly confronted with shortened product life
cycles and increased development costs, as well as with young, innovative companies (startups). Initially, these challengers may be perceived as competitors, but by taking a closer look it
turns out that many complementary characteristics are present in SMEs and start-ups. Many
established companies are therefore beginning to collaborate with these young firms. However,
this happens mostly between large corporations and start-ups and barely between SMEs and
start-ups. In addition, satisfaction with the few existing cooperations is low on both sides. In
literature, the concept is often referring to coupled open innovation. Beside the fact that SMErelated research is in general underrepresented in open innovation (OI) literature, it has so far
hardly explored this topic at all. This paper investigates the barriers that may arise in
establishing coupled OI between SMEs and start-ups. The focus of the empirical study is on the
barrier of organizational climate. The empirical study consists of a preliminary study, the main
study and an evaluation. In the main study, four organizational characteristics have been
identified to be relevant for the creation of successful coupled OI: flexibility & innovation,
external focus, reflexivity and risk tolerance. On top of that, a generalized actual and target state
(ideal state) of the four organizational climate dimensions for both, SMEs and start-ups were
defined by using the existing literature. To get a comprehensive picture and assessment, domain
experts (industry & research) were interviewed on these topics and asked to provide an actual
& target state as well. The results out of literature-based findings and own data collections are
enabling the derivation of practical recommendations on how to improve the corporate climate
to set-up more successful and sustainable coupled OI initiatives. On top of that, the paper
provides a theoretical framework which defines four dimensions to measure a coupled OI
friendly climate in SMEs and start-ups. Furthermore, the paper contributes to a better
understanding of how OI concepts can be applied within SMEs.
Keywords: Open Innovation, Coupled Open Innovation, SME.
9
Jan Fehlberg, Catholic University Eichstaett-Ingolstadt, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration,
jan.fehlberg@outlook.de
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Schumpeterian Destruction of The Retail Sector
and The Covid-19-pandemic
Elke WEIHARD10
Abstract
The structural change of the retail branch was visible on rising ecommerce shares long before
the onset of the Covid-19-pandemic. This multilayered change of structure in the retail sector.
is intensified by the consequences of the Covid-19-pandemic. Therefore, the current
transformation forces retail companies but also public administrations to face challenges, as it
might lead to sustainable, visible changes in the outlook of European inner-cities. This paper
examines the theoretical framework of that structural change in relation to the Schumpeterian
theory of the creative destruction and the consequences of the Covid-19-pandemic. For this
purpose, the first step investigates the theoretical basis of the structural change in the retail
sector by means of the Schumpeterian theory of creative destruction. For though the
Schumpeterian kind of innovation occurs in the context of technological and institutional
adaption. Both kinds effect the retail sector currently. In the second step, the consequences of
the Covid-19-pandemic on ecommerce are taken into consideration. The results of the paper do
hint on the fact that the change of structure in the retail sector does base on a Schumpeterian
creative destruction. Furthermore, it is proven that the Covid-19-pandemic did cause an
intensification of that change in the retail sector. Moreover, the paper illustrates that the shoe
and textile branches of the retail sector do show the most contrary development looking at the
shares from the bricks and mortar as well as the ecommerce shares. The paper thereby
contributes to the future research in the field of retail and ecommerce, to develop guidance for
the digitalization, especially in the inner-cities.
Keywords: Schumpeter, Retail Digitalization, Covid-19-Pandemic.
10
Elke Weihard, external PhD student at the University of Liechtenstein, Faculty of Entrepreneurship, Liechtenstein,
elke.weihard@uni.li
11
EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
The Effect of Perceived Corporate Reputation on Word of Mouth
Intentions: The Mediating Role of Affective Organizational
Commitment
Vildan ESENYEL11
Abstract
Today, the success of institutions is associated with creating value in areas beyond economic
values. At this point, the importance of the concept of reputation and reputation management
emerges. A reputation that is primarily based on products will put the institutions in a sensitive
and risky position in an age when product life curves are getting shorter, and new technologies
are continually being implemented. By combining the growing body of knowledge on the
corporate reputation, this study specifically examines the effects of perceived corporate
reputation on employees’ word-of-mouth intentions, and the critical mediation role of affective
organizational commitment in such effects. Numerous studies are handling these variables
separately, but this combination of variables will be adding a new point of view to the strategic
management field. The research questions were answered through the data collected from the
questionnaire, which applied to a sample of 562 employees from the organizations in North
Cyprus. The results were analyzed through the SPSS program and to test the research model
and the hypotheses Structural Equation Modelling (SEM), using a Partial Least Squares (PLS)
approach was applied. This study found that perceived corporate reputation has a significant
direct effect on positive word-of-mouth and electronic word-of-mouth.
Keywords: Perceived Corporate Reputation, Word-of-Mouth, Affective Organizational
Commitment.
11
Assist. Prof. Dr. Vildan Esenyel, Department of Business Administration, North Cyprus, vildan.esenyel@baucyprus.edu.tr
12
EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
Analysis of Companies’ Strategic Planning Practice
Beáta BITTNER12
Tünde Zita KOVÁCS13 Hajnalka MADAI14
Forest DAVID16 András NÁBRÁDI17
Adrián Szilárd NAGY15
Abstract
2020 posed a series of unforeseen challenges for economic actors. Firms in normal
circumstances must be adept at adapting, or they can quickly fail in competition. However,
now, due to the pandemic, the change is faster than ever, so the organizations must react faster
than ever or be proactive instead of reactive. The strategic management process is aimed at
allowing organizations to adapt effectively to change over the long run. Without a good plan
and constantly evaluating and updating, firms could be failed in the competition. However, the
theoretical background of strategic management date back to the 1960s; in practice, many
organizations, especially micro and small enterprises, still do not apply them today. The present
study seeks to answer the question - using a database of ongoing research - whether they use
strategic planning or its methods. The developed database was analyzed and processed utilizing
SPSS 25 statistical software. First, a univariate analysis was performed, followed by descriptive
statistics and frequency analysis. Then a two-sample t-test and analysis of variance were
conducted to explore the existing relationships. For the multiple mean comparison test, the
Tamhane test was used to analyze for differences in variables. As a result of the evaluation, the
authors found 27% of examined companies do not make any plan. The majority of the reason
was they do not consider it necessary, do not feel helpful. Only 27% of the companies have
written strategic plans. In terms of distribution, it can be said that 100% of large companies
have a plan, until then, the lowest proportion was among small enterprises. There this value is
only 15%, which also lags behind the values of the micro-enterprises we examined. the present
study details the explanations given by the interviewed firms for this practice
Keywords: Strategic Management, Strategic Planning, Strategy Formulation, Planning.
12
Ph.D. University of Debrecen, Faculty of Economics and Business, Hungary bittner.beata@econ.unideb.hu
Ph.D student. University of Debrecen, Faculty of Economics and Business, Hungary nagy.tunde.zita@econ.unideb.hu
14 Ph.D. University of Debrecen, Faculty of Economics and Business, Hungary madai.hajnalka@econ.unideb.hu
15 Ph.D. University of Debrecen, Faculty of Economics and Business, Hungary nagy.adrian@econ.unideb.hu
16 Ph.D. University of Debrecen, Faculty of Economics and Business, Hungary forestdavid5@gmail.com
17 Prof Dr. University of Debrecen, Faculty of Economics and Business, Hungary nabradi.andras@econ.unideb.hu
13
13
EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
The Work Management Model of The New Era-Pandemic
and Post Pandemic Revolution
Karol RUSIN18
Barbara MRÓZ-GORGOŃ19
Bartłomiej STAŃCZYKIEWICZ20
Abstract
Even before COVID‐19 started to spread there was a visible process of evolution of the usage
of the online work model within the market worldwide. As it has been pointed out in the
management science literature in the time that the pandemic situation occurred, “COVID‐19
has been a disruptor that has shifted the trajectory of that evolution, accelerating some trends
and introducing others”. The virus widespread the world, and has made a significant proportion
of the workforce unable to commute to work, as to ease the spread of it. The result of this
situation affects both sides of the market: employers and employees, and many companies and
other organizations in the face of this struggle to survive and / or maintain a competitive position
look for alternative forms of employment. The main goal of the article is to examine the current
state of the human resources management system in the current pandemic situation. Based on
the analysis of the research, the paper will present the attempt to define trends in the process of
further evolution of the workplace model in the context of a pandemic - in a managerial
perspective. The research was based on the analysis of literature studies (research described
before and during the pandemic) and on the basis of own primary research. Based on qualitative
research (literature studies and IDIs with the management of 8 different market entities, a
quantitative survey was carried out among the management (responsible for sales and
marketing) in one of the global companies (N=100). The main conclusion is that what we can
experience within the pandemic time is an ongoing change of the revolutionary character
referring to the global market standards of the work management model, that will stay for a
long term within the companies – during the pandemic era and after.
Keywords: Work Model, Work Management, Management, Literature Review, Post Pandemic
Trends.
18
Dr Karol Rusin, prof. PWSZ, The Witelon State University of Applied Sciences in Legnica, Faculty of Social Sciences and
Humanities, Poland, rusink@gsuite.pwsz.legnica.edu.plm
19 Dr hab. Barbara Mróz-Gorgoń, The Wroclaw University of Economics and Business, Faculty of Management, Poland,
barbara.mroz-gorgon@ue.wroc.pl
20 Dr Bartłomiej Stańczykiewicz, prof. UMW, Wrocław Medical University, Faculty of Health Sciences,
bartlomiej.stanczykiewicz@umed.wroc.pl
14
EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
Organizational Transformation in The Pharmaceutical Industry
in The Peri- and Post-COVID-19 Period
Susanne VAN DER BECK21
Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic has accelerated the organizational transformation in the healthcare
industry, influencing the interaction between the pharmaceutical firms with the Health Care
Professionals (HCPs). The aim of the current paper was to analyse HCP-interactions of
pharmaceutical representatives, using secondary data, based on a proprietary online daily diary
survey of over 30,000 HCPs across 30+ countries, capturing their engagement with life-science
communication channels. Results of the study revealed substantial differences in the application
of remote channels, caused by massive restrictions on HCP access and sales representative
visits. In-depth analysis and further recommendations regarding future steps in the postpandemic world, considering such factors as digital engagements with pharma, physicians’
expectations and preferences, will render help to scientists and practitioners aiming to address
this topic.
Keywords: Healthcare Industry, Health Care Professionals, Communication Channels,
Commercial Model.
21
Susanne van der Beck, SMBS University of Salzburg Business School, Salzburg-Austria, Susanne.van.der.beck@gmail.com
15
EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
The Use of Time of Self-employed Persons in Slovakia
Miroslava KNAPKOVÁ22
Abstract
Time is a scarce source, and its use is differentiated. This applies to all components of the daypaid work (including time for commuting), unpaid work (work performed in households for
which the person has no income, and which relate to household care, childcare, care on adults,
and volunteering), as well as free time (including leisure, sport, cultural and social activities,
and the use of modern technologies) and other non-productive activities (sleeping, personal
care, study, and self-study). A special group of people in the study of the time use are selfemployed persons. During the working days, they spend a substantial part of the day on paid
work (entrepreneurship), the time range of which is not legally limited in Slovakia. This has a
significant impact on the time spent on other activities during the day. The aim of the paper is
to analyze the use of time of self-employed persons and to identify the main factors that affect
the use of time of self-employed persons in Slovakia. The paper is based on data on 161 selfemployed persons who were involved in the original survey conducted in 2017 (project VEGA
no. 1/0621/17). The use of time of self-employed persons was analyzed by using the modified
Time Use Survey methodology and division of the day into 13 sub-activities within the paid
work, unpaid work, free time, and other non-productive activities. The results indicate
differences in the use of time not only by gender, but also by age category of self-employed
persons. An important factor influencing the use of time of self-employed persons is the number
of children under 14 and gender. The length of time spent in paid work is also a significant
factor of the time used for other activities.
Keywords: Use of Time, Self-Employed, Paid Work.
22
Ing. Mgr., PhD., Matej Bel University in Banská Bystrica, Faculty of Economics, Slovakia, miroslava.knapkova@umb.sk
16
EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
Crowdfunding - Is It A Chance for Enterprises to Cope with A
Pandemic Crisis?
Michał NOWICKI23
Abstract
The outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic caused an economic crisis on a global
scale, and thus numerous and very serious problems related to enterprises development or even
to the possibility of their survival. The financial situation of many enterprises deteriorated
significantly, in many cases entrepreneurs faced the specter of bankruptcy as pandemic led to
limitation of the possibility of running a business in the way, form and scale known from prepandemic times. That is why the main aim of the article is to present the crowdsourcing
mechanism as an alternative form of obtaining funds that allow to maintain, and sometimes
develop, the functioning of the company in today's difficult times. Additionally, it was decided
that the secondary goal of the article is to identify, present and characterize selected, leading
(locally in Poland and globally in the world) virtual online platforms designed to support
entrepreneurs in obtaining funds for the implementation of various business projects, that is, in
practice maintaining the current activity with simultaneous elimination of negative effects
(restrictions and problems) resulting from the fact of functioning in a pandemic. In addition,
the article identify and briefly describe selected projects financed thanks to crowdfunding.
Finally, in the empirical part, the results of own research (CAWI-type pilot studies concerning
the study of the attitudes of Polish entrepreneurs regarding the possibility and willingness to
use the crowdfunding model, their expectations and concerns, as well as previous experiences,
if they have them) were also commented on. After reading the article, the reader should be
convinced that crowdsourcing is an innovative, relatively easily accessible, and above all an
effective method of obtaining funds for the implementation of various business projects, and
also be able to justify and defend this position.
Keywords: Crowdfunding, Entrepreneurship, SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic Crisis.
23
Dr inż. Michał Nowicki, TUL: Faculty of Managament and Production Engineering, Poland, michal.nowicki@p.lodz.pl
17
EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
Construction of A Brand-New Model to Strengthen Local Security
Strategic Planning: Evidence from Turkey
Sevcan KILIC AKINCI24
Abstract
In recent years, Turkey has decided to take proactive action on two important dimensions which
necessitated to do organizational changes for local security governance. Firstly, strategic
planning has been put in effect in Turkish public organizations since 2006, and has been
mandatory for internal security forces since 2018 in line with new public management
perspective. Secondly, for EU accession process, Turkey has aimed transition to civilian and
democratic oversight of internal security system based on good governance principles and a
human-centred understanding of security and public safety which necessitated organizational
change for including new actors to take part in the process (CSOs, professional organizations,
elected leaders and media) together with usual actors (Governors, Chiefs of ISFs) to exercise
democratic oversight. In this context, adapting strategic planning process to the need for change
for oversight of internal security system was seen essential as a political trend, which resulted
in a contractual agreement of Ministry of Interior of Turkey with UNDP with financial grant
from European Union Delegation to Turkey (EUD), and prioritized the construction of a civilian
administrative model to strengthen local security strategic planning through inclusion of all
parts of the society into the system. The pilot model within this agreement created successful
implications in Turkey which promises future for social inclusion of all relevant parts of the
society including CSOs to local security strategic planning process throughout the country. The
paper offers a detailed analysis on the construction of a new model in Turkey that brought
organizational change to strengthen local security planning as one of a kind which has link with
best practices in selected EU countries.
Keywords: Organizational Change, Strategic Planning, Turkey.
24
Assist. Prof. Dr., Erzurum Technical University, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Turkey,
sevcan.akinci@gmail.com Key Expert for UNDP Turkey
18
EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
Current State of Market Development of Organic Products in
Georgia
Okruashvili NANULI 25 Paresashvili NINO 26 Edzgveradze TEONA27
Abstract
Today, a healthy lifestyle and a healthy diet are the main features of Georgia, as well as the
population of many countries around the world. The growing trend of health care among
Georgian consumers is reflected in the growing interest in purchasing environmentally friendly,
organic products. Consequently, the growing demand for organic products is becoming one of
the main trends in the development of the consumer market in many countries around the world,
including Georgia. The article discusses the world trends in the production and consumption of
organic products and presents the current state of development of the organic products market
in Georgia, analyzes the main indicators of the production and sale of organic products in the
country. The paper reflects the results of the survey of consumers of organic products, based
on which the peculiarities of Georgian consumer behavior and consumer advantages in the
market of organic products are identified, specific factors affecting the formation of the national
market of organic products are identified. Moreover, there are highlighted important aspects of
the functioning of the organic products market, such as the level of knowledge and awareness
of consumers about the concept of "organic product" and its characteristics, the frequency of
purchasing organic products, dependence on price and non-price determinations of organic
products. The study showed a high level of consumer sensitivity to price determinations. Based
on the research, conclusions are made about the opportunities and prospects of the national
market of organic products. At the end of the paper, specific measures are outlined that will
ensure the sustainable development of the organic products market and thus, the achievement
of a very important task of food security of the population.
Keywords: Organic Products, Organic Products Market, Marketing Research of Organic
Products Market.
25
Assoc. Prof. Dr., Tbilisi State University, Faculty of Business and Economics, Georgia, nana.okruashvili@tsu.ge
Assoc. Prof. Dr., Tbilisi State University, Faculty of Business and Economics, Georgia, nino.paresashvili@tsu.ge
27 MBA student, Tbilisi State University, Faculty of Business and Economics, Georgia, teoedzgveradze85@gmail.com
26
19
EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
A Literature Review on The Barriers and Challenges Face by
Exporting Manufacturing Organizations: The Cyprus Prospective
Christos PARASKEVA28
Lycourgos HADJIPHANIS29
Pieris CHOURIDES31
Loukia Ch. EVRIPIDOU30
Abstract
This paper attempts to examine the literature review of an attempt to uncover what has already
been written, regarding the phenomenon of the exports challenges/barriers, with primary
objective the identification of the success factors, enabling the organization to sustain superior
performance over their competitors. Even though exporting is a well-known topic and many
researchers have focused on this particular area, the researcher strongly believes that for the
case of Cyprus, only few case studies and researchers to date have been contacted and presented
mainly from an academic perspective. Therefore, there is a significant gap between the
literature mentioned by academics and the challenges/barriers derived from empirical
knowledge. The following paper follows an extensive analysis of the literature review for
mainly two reasons. Firstly, the identification and ranking of the major barriers and constraints
that the manufacturing firms face when engaged in exports and secondly, to identify the factors,
which are of critical importance for success of the manufacturing-exporting organizations and
being a successful exporters. Following a thorough analysis of the literature review the results
showed that exports barriers are the obstacles that affecting a company’s performance. Based
on literature, export barriers can be classified as internal and external. Internal, are barriers
associated with organizational resources/capabilities and company approach to export business.
Conversely, external are barriers stemming from the home and host environment within which
the firm operates. Among exports barriers can be highlighted are labeling and packaging
regulations, luck of financial resources, luck of experience, luck of information, high import
tariffs, operational constraints, strong foreign competition, logistics etc. The ultimate aim of the
research is to bridge the gap found in the literature, and to identify those critical success factors
that can contribute and be valuable to similar cases. With Cyprus being an island, local
companies can only import and export containers solely by sea, which is more expensive
compared to other alternative methods (such as by road, rail etc.). Furthermore, due the small
actual size and low export volume of Limassol port shipping lines are not using Cyprus as
regional hub, therefore the exports shipments are delivered to their final destination through
various transshipments. Consequently, the Cypriot exporters have to pay higher transportation
cost as well as having longer transit time.
Keywords: Exporting, Exports Barriers and Challenges, Cypriot Exporting Companies.
DBA Candidate, European University Cyprus, Exports Manager at KEO plc, Limassol – Cyprus, cparaskeva14@gmail.com
Assist. Prof, European University Cyprus, Faculty of Marketing and Management, School of Business, Nicosia-Cyprus,
L.Hadjiphanis@euc.ac.cy
30 Assist. Prof, European University Cyprus, Faculty of Accounting,Economics and Finance, School of Business, NicosiaCyprus, L.Evripidou@euc.ac.cy
31 Assoc. Prof, European University Cyprus, Faculty of Marketing and Management, School of Business, Nicosia-Cyprus,
P.Chourides@euc.ac.cy
28
29
20
EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
The Mediating Role of Organizational Justice Perception in The
Impact of Ethical Climate on Whistleblowing Intention: A Study
on Accountants and Auditors
Mustafa Ozgun ATALAY32
Berrak Deniz CETINKAYA33
Meltem ALTIN34
Abstract
Following many financial scandals, ethical climate, organizational justice and whistleblowing
have taken on greater importance for accountants who are responsible for producing accurate,
concise and timely financial reports. Theretocially, although existing researchs have
investigated the influence of organizational ethical climate perception on many organizational
outcomes, those studies relatively have paid less attention to the influence of it on
whistleblowing intention, as well as to its intermediating mechanisms in this influence. It is
difficult to claim that there is only one variable directs employees’ perception or attitude to a
final behavior or outcome in a work environment. In such an atmosphere, the importance of
employees’ perceptions of organizational justice is crucial, because organizational justice may
have intermediating role in this influence. In other words, employees may report the
wrongdoings or ethical violations with the existence of organizational justice, if organizational
justice is a dominant part in an organization. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore the
impact of ethical climate on whistleblowing and the mediating role of organizational justice in
this influence. This study was conducted on people working in the accounting and audit
department of companies operating in Turkey and the research model was tested by Smart-PLS.
We find that a strong ethical climate, relative to a weak ethical climate, increases
whistleblowing intention. In addition, organizational justice perception has a mediating effect
on the effect of organizational ethical climate on whistleblowing intention.
Keywords: Ethical Climate, Organizational Justice, Whistleblowing Intention.
32
Res. Asst.,
Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Turkey,
ozgun_atalay@ktu.edu.tr
33 Lecturer, Bursa Uludağ University, Vocational School of Orhaneli, Turkey, bdenizcetinkaya@uludag.edu.tr
34 Lecturer, Bursa Uludağ University, Vocational School of Orhaneli, Turkey, meltemaltin@uludag.edu.tr
21
EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
Biodiversity Disclosure: A Preliminary Study on South Africa
Integrated Reports
Paola Vola 35
Lorenzo Gelmini36
Abstract
This research aims to study environmental disclosure in Integrated Reports (IRs) in the South
Africa domain by investigating the main determinants of biodiversity disclosure. The paper
examines level and the extent of disclosure biodiversity in the corpus of IR, the influence of
industry on the level of disclosure; moreover, the study traces the locus and the type of the
information provided. As far as concern information on biodiversity, we classified them
according to the framework proposed by literature in the field, namely, (1) scene-setting; (2)
species related; (3) social engagements; (4) stakeholder engagements; (5) performance
evaluative data; (6) risk; (7) internal management; and (8) external reporting. Hypotheses have
been empirical tested on 38 IRs extracted by the database of IIRC and pertaining to one of the
most biodiversity-driven domains, South Africa. The choice to focus our attention to Africa
only lies in the conspicuous and prominent importance of biodiversity, both as an input factor
and as an outcome, in the Region and for the companies operating there. Moreover, it is worth
stressing that the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) requires companies to prepare the IR
which addresses how an organisation is managing, among other capitals, its environmental. We
analyse potential correlations between industry and biodiversity disclosure, proposing a score
about the information disclosed and summarizing the main traits of biodiversity reporting. Our
study provides several contributions to the academic debate about the manipulatory use of
environmental disclosure to create/maintain legitimacy following impression management
perspective.
Keywords: Biodiversity, Disclosure, Integrated Report.
35
36
Assistant Prof., University of Eastern Piedmont, Departiment DISEI, Novara-Italy, paola.vola@uniupo.it
Assistant Prof., University of Eastern Piedmont, Departiment DISEI, Novara-Italy, lorenzo.gelmini@uniupo.it
22
EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
Approaches of Airlines to Overcome The Devastating Effects of
Covid-19 and Emerging New Circumstances
Nalan GELIRLI37
Abstract
The change in the behaviour of passengers following the COVID-19 crisis, travel restrictions
and the ensuing economic crisis have resulted in a dramatic drop in demand for airline services.
According to IATA, passenger air transport measured as revenue passenger kilometre was
down 90% year-on-year in April 2020 and still down 75% in August. Airlines will require a
well-orchestrated recovery plan supported by external agencies to safely regain operational
tempo and replenish cash reserves. COVID-19 has changed playing field for airlines forcing
them to pivot to new opportunities. Airlines worldwide are more than ever will be challenged
by global competition and they will be need for agile operations in addition to struggling cost
pressures. In this study, it will be discuss how the pandemic affects airlines' approach to
building and maintaining networks, which strategies can help to cope with crisis and which
business models will emerge more strongly in the recovery process while their recovery plan
will be primarily depend on their respective economic, regulatory, and social environments.
After all, we will not encounter a single way of coping. They will find a way by considering
many factors such as; the geography of the airlines, the country, network structure, fleet status,
number of employees, etc. While some business models are falling behind or undergoing
changes, we will encounter many innovations. This study based on the content analysis.
Reading articles filtered from a daily aviation industry newsletter published during the
unfolding of the crisis in in the World. Especially recently, with the effect of the dispersion of
the panic atmosphere, more pragmatic decisions and certain strategies have been put into
practice. Therefore the last publications have been focused on more. Maximum 250-300
words). Please do not add any references.
Keywords: Covid-19, Strategies, Airlines.
37
Assist. Prof. Dr., University of Kyrenia, Faculty of Aviation and Space Sciences, Cyprus, nalan.gelirli@kyrenia.edu.tr
23
EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
Implications of Leadership Development Programs for Internal
Customers
Julita MAJCZYK38
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the impact of leadership development programs and
to differentiate benefits of those gained by internal clients of the organization. Participants were
selected purposefully. The core part of the qualitative study was to conduct 26 individual indepth interviews. The analysis of the data was based on grounded theory procedures. The data
indicates that training participants are perceived as determined, committed, effective, and better
prepared to act as a leader, which ensures smooth functioning of the entity. In most cases, a
combination of educational interventions is used. The data also shows that the positive
consequences of the benefits of leadership development can be considered at the individual,
interpersonal, intra-group, inter-group, and inter-organizational levels. Although practising
leadership behavior generates obvious benefits, it is rather rare to inform employees about the
transformational consequences of participation in the learning process. The programs
themselves do not often constitute an element of an organization's strategy. This means that
while leadership development is an ongoing process, interventions are rather episodic,
inconsistent, and lack focus on sustaining change in the post-intervention period. The findings
of this study extend the understanding of leadership development methods in large companies
and their impact on internal clients. So far research is scarce in the given field. Furthermore, it
used the perspective of the people who create or contribute to these programs, which is unique.
Qualitative research prevents however broad generalizations. Although the data collected
allows indicating how internal clients benefit from structured leadership development, there is
no possibility to indicate which effects of this development are most important.
Keywords: Nurturing Leaders, Competencies, Investment, Benefits, Qualitative Research.
38
Dr., University of Warsaw, Faculty of Management, Poland, jmajczyk@wz.uw.edu.pl
24
EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
Supplier Development and Knowledge Provider Changes
Kadzrina ABDUL KADIR39
Abstract
Supply chain management focuses on improving the performance of the supplier. Through
supplier development programs, buyers develop supplier’ capability, improving suppliers’
performance. Some researchers however suggest that buyer-supported training is lacking. This
research has focused on the viewpoint of the (dependent) supplier firms. Through interviews,
this research aim to present on how buyers differ in implementation of supplier development
programs and the impact that these actions have on suppliers, from the viewpoints of the
suppliers themselves. The findings suggest that suppliers have found that buyers differ in how
they provide supplier development and that changes exist as supplier development programs
change through time. This research suggest that buyers need to be technically capable in
providing supplier development programs and as time changes, suppliers might need to find
other buyers who could provide the technical capability they need.
Keywords: Supplier Development, Buyer-Supplier Relationship, Automotive Industry, Case
Study.
39
Dr, Universiti Utara Malaysia, School of Business Management, Malaysia, kadzrina@gmail.com, kadzrina@uum.edu.my
25
EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
Fossil Energy Consumption Prediction Using Machine Learning
for Sustainability
Hande ERDOGAN40
Nuray AKAR41
Omur TOSUN42
Abstract
Renewable energy consumption and green production are some of the important aspects of
the sustainability in modern production environment. Although the most of our energy
production comes from fossil fuel energy, the percentage of renewable types of energy is
increasing in each day. By using different factors, the demand of the fossil energy consumption
will be analyzed in this paper for G-20 countries. Using different machine learning algorithms,
a forecasting methodology will be developed and the correlations between renewal and fossil
energy usage will be determined.
Keywords: Sustainable Energy, Demand Forecasting, Machine Learning.
40
Assistant Professor, Akdeniz University, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Department of Management Information Sciences,
Turkey, handeerdogan@akdeniz.edu.tr
41 Assistant Professor, Akdeniz University, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Department of Management Information Sciences,
Turkey, nurayyapici@akdeniz.edu.tr
42 Associate Professor, Akdeniz University, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Department of Management Information Sciences,
Turkey, omurtosun@akdeniz.edu.tr
26
EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
“What Does Not Kill You Makes You Stronger” - Leaders’
Sensegiving during Crisis
Karin HOGBERG43
Abstract
Almost over night, the The COVID-19 pandemic struck down, causing a worldwide crisis. The
pandemic has severely impacted society with social distancing, community lockdowns, stayat-home orders, closed borders and not the least work. Just like all other industries, the pandemic
hit the hospitality industry almost overnight when the world’s economy suddenly was shut
down. The hospitality industry is one of the industries most affected as the pandemic has had
crippling effects, with numerous restrictions on businesses, resulting in far reaching impacts
such as temporarily closed hotels, mass-unemployment, and fast-changing restrictions from
governments. When people experience events that are surprising or confusing, like COVID-19,
they tend to engage in a process of making sense of the situation and find answer to the question
of “whats going on here?” but also to find a solution, or a way forward. That is, answering the
question of “now what?”. Hence, sensemaking have become an important topic in the study of
organizations as well as leadership practices. Research on sensemaking highlights the important
role leaders have in influencing or giving sense to employees. This includes being able to take
in and process complex information, understand the context and make relevant decisions.
Hence, the sensegiving process practiced by leaders is shaping the sensemaking processes of
their employees, or the followers. Due to its uniqueness, the pandemic offers the exclusive
occasion to study sensegiving from a leadership in-practice perspective. Against this backdrop,
the present study aims to study how leaders practice sensegiving during crisis. The following
research question is asked: “How does leaders practice sensegiving during crisis? The
empirical data derive from seven hotel organizations in Sweden, Norway and Denmark. In
total, 29 interviews with leaders were conducted during 2020-2021. The study contributes to
existing literature by providing increased knowledge leadership-in-practice and sensegiving
during crisis.
Keywords: Sensegiving, Sensemaking, Organizational Change, Crisis Management, COVID19, Hotel Organizations.
43
Dr., Karin Högberg, University West, Department of Economics and Administration Sweden, karin.hogberg@hv.se
27
EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
Communication for Excellence in Hybrid Organizations
Case Study in Private Universities
Mariana SUELDO44
Abstract
This work seeks to examine role and contribution of excellence in communication as an
essential element of the overall excellence of an organization. Theoretical inferences on
organizational, academic and communication excellence are systematized and summarized into
a comprehensive framework of excellence factors then empirically explored in three private
universities of Argentina, Spain and Lithuania. This kind of institutions can be considered
hybrid organizations having a dual purpose: the inherent mission attributed to a university and
the particular corporate purpose of a private enterprise. The three universities were chosen for
their recognized excellence at national and international level. A pilot survey with 81 Alumni
shed light on the acknowledged elements of institutional excellence and communication
management. Interviews with 17 communication experts from the three countries provide
relevant data on the most influential factors for communication to be strategic and thus
contribute to efficiently communicating institutional excellence. Findings from the 56
interviewees of the three universities reveal achieved excellence goals such as academic quality
and relational capital, endorsed by current students and Alumni. Yet, the institutionalization of
communication as strategic managerial function remains a challenge, as does the systematic
evaluation of consistent communication work which directly and indirectly impacts
institutional excellence. The study could be extended to public universities and other
organizations for comparative analysis across organizational fields to further explore the
interconnectedness between purpose-driven organizational excellence and communication
excellence as a key factor. Systematized features of organizational, academic and
communication excellence have been blended into a comprehensive multi-factor excellence
framework empirically explored in private universities as hybrid organizations. Practical
implications: the multi-factor excellence framework can serve as a checklist for institutional
self-assessment and auditing.
Keywords: Excellence, Communication, Higher Education.
44
Dr., ISM University of Management and Economics, Vilnius, Lithuania. marsue@ism.lt
28
EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
The Trajectory of Digital Business Models in Transportation:
A Bibliometric Analysis
Berk KUCUKALTAN45
Abstract
In today’s business environment, digital transformation has gained a growing momentum and
organisations have strived to transform their traditional business models into digitally-driven
business models. More particularly, in the event of compelling external factors (e.g. Covid-19
pandemic), the critical role of establishing digital business models has come to the forefront
more. In expediting the development of digital business models, transportation activities hold
a significant potential, especially while offering indicative solutions to daily life challenges.
Yet, in this shift, insufficient research and practice cause a barrier to the understanding and
implementation of digital business models in transportation. Therefore, in order to
comprehensively investigate the past and the current state of the art for future directions of
digital business models in transportation, this research aims to offer a research landscape by
using a bibliometric analysis. In line with this aim, the reviewed literature in this research,
examined in a holistic and structured manner, unveil that there is a small number of research
on digital business models in the transportation area. Moreover, drawing on the Web of Sciencebased findings of the bibliometric analysis, both the citation numbers of authors and sources
and the co-occurrences of the keywords demonstrate that the academic literature on digital
business models in transportation is still at its early stages but burgeoning. Consequently, the
adopted approach and the presented findings of this research provide promising areas for future
research and practices regarding digital business models in transportation.
Keywords: Bibliometric Analysis, Digital Business Model, Digitalisation, Innovation,
Transportation.
45
Trakya University, Faculty of Applied Sciences, 22030, Turkey / University of Bradford, School of Management, BD9 4JL,
United Kingdom, berkkucukaltan@trakya.edu.tr
29
EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
An Empirical Investigation of The Mobile Banking Apps
Adoption
Vaggelis SAPRIKIS46
Giorgos AVLOGIARIS47
Androniki KATARACHIA48
Abstract
The increasing popularity and great use of smartphone along with the utilization of mobile apps
provided have greatly altered the vast majority of industry sectors. Over the last years
companies have continuously tried to transform their business processes with the aim to offer
to their current and potential customers a wide range of their services via mobile apps. This is
not an exception for banking industry. Banks have tried it hard to perpetually improve their
popular services as well as offer a broader spectrum of them via their mobile apps. Actually,
m-banking adoption is considered as a key priority for the digital transformation of the industry
and the gradual transfer from the traditional branch stores to a pure digital environment. This is
the reason why banks constantly update and upgrade their mobile apps. As a result, they
urgently need to realize which factors play a vital role in encouraging or not customers to use
their mobile apps. The scope of this empirical study, which is the first part of an ongoing
research of the topic, is to determine the factors that impact bank customers to conduct
transactions via m-banking apps. The research applies the well-established Unified Theory of
Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model to a sample of 620 respondents in Greece.
The results show that three out of the four determinants of the UTAUT model impact on mbanking app use. In specific, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use exert a positive
impact on behavioral intention; and facilitating conditions impact on usage behavior.
Keywords: M-Banking, Mobile Apps, Adoption, UTAUT.
46
Assist. Prof. Dr., University of Western Macedonia, Department of Management Science and Technology, School of
Economic Sciences, Greece, esaprikis@uowm.gr
47 Adj. Lect. Dr., University of Western Macedonia, Department of Statistics and Insurance Science, School of Economic
Sciences, Greece, aff00084@uowm.gr
48 Prof. Dr., University of Western Macedonia, Department of Accounting and Finance, School of Economic Sciences, Greece,
akatarachia@uowm.gr
30
EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
Innovation Cooperation in The Biopharmaceutical Industry
in The CEE Region - Results of Primary Research
Łukasz PUŚLECKI49
Piotr TRĄPCZYŃSKI50
Michał STASZKÓW51
Abstract
The main aim of this article is to present the innovation cooperation in the biopharmaceutical
industry in the Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). The authors will share the results of one of
the first in the world quantitative primary research focused on innovation cooperation in the
biopharmaceutical industry in the CEE region (covering 18 countries), conducted within the
research project financed by the research grant of the National Science Centre (Poland) awarded
based on the decision no. DEC-2015/19/D/HS4/00414) entitled “Analysis of Open Innovation
Alliances and Strategic Partnerships in the Biopharmaceutical Industry in Poland and CEE
countries”. Examples of different modes of cooperation (R&D alliances, Open Innovation
alliances) as well as cooperation between academia, institutions and business in the field of the
biopharmaceutical industry are discussed. Biopharmaceutical companies try to implement new
strategies to transfer their research processes to a higher level, often using open innovation
model as an additional tool for developing new products and services. Thanks to the cooperation
with universities in the framework of open innovation alliances, through joint work with
academic researchers, biopharmaceutical companies are more successful in identifying disease
mechanisms, implementation of better medical therapy for patients as well as in development
of new drugs. It should be taken into account that nowadays due to pandemic COVID-19 the
cooperation of all entities in the whole biopharmaceutical R&D innovation ecosystem is even
more challenging and with high level of complexity. The use of open innovation model can
significantly speed up the production process of new drugs and vaccines, which are in demand
on the market because of COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover having more interdisciplinary
academic teams in the cooperation can also accelerate and support this process.
Keywords: Innovation Cooperation, R&D Alliances, Open Innovation Alliances.
Assitant Professor, Dr., Poznań University of Economics and Business, Institute of International Business and Economics,
Department of International Management, Poznań-Poland, lukasz.puslecki@ue.poznan.pl
50 Associate Professor, PUEB Prof. Dr., Poznań University of Economics and Business, Institute of International Business and
Economics, Department of International Competitiveness, Poznań-Poland, piotr.trapczynski@ue.poznan.pl
51 Assitant Professor, Dr., Poznań University of Economics and Business, Institute of International Business and Economics,
Department of International Management, Poznań-Poland, michal.staszkow@ue.poznan.pl
49
31
EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
The Impact of Logistics Information Systems on Customer
Service and Organizational Performance Among Export Firms in
the Aegean Region
Selva STAUB52
Harun DEMIRKAYA53
Abstract
With globalization, products and services worldwide have become increasingly accessible and
quality relatively standardized. It is therefore the quality of delivery service offered by
businesses that becomes an important competitive tool to gain customer satisfaction and loyalty.
Another important tool that businesses need to adopt is the current developments and
technologies. Businesses effectively integrating technological tools with logistical operations
realize increased organizational performance. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects
of logistics information systems applications on customer service perception and organizational
performance. The study was conducted with the participation of 252 export enterprises in the
Aegean region. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0. Testing the hypotheses
developed for the study was carried out through One-Way Analysis of Variance (One-Way
ANOVA), Correlation Analysis and Regression Analysis tests. The results indicate that the
main expectation of customers is low cost and high service quality. The study concludes that
early investments made by businesses on logistics information systems positively affects
perceived service quality and organizational performance.
Keywords: Logistics, Logistics Information Systems, Logistic Service Quality, Organizational
Performance, Perceived Service Quality.
Doç. Dr. Selva Staub, Bandırma Onyedi Eylül University, Faculty of International Trades and Lojistics, Bandırma, Turkey,
sstaub@bandirma.edu.tr
53 Prof. Dr. Harun Demirkaya, Kocaeli University, Faculty of Business and Management, Kocaeli, Turkey,
harundemirkaya@kocaeli.edu.tr
52
32
EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
Does Governance Affect The TCFD Reporting?
An Empirical Analysis in The Financial Sector
Simona COSMA54
Salvatore PRINCIPALE55
Andrea VENTURELLI56
Abstract
Promoting more sustainable corporate governance and fostering more transparent disclosure on
climate change are two current European-planned actions to support the integration of
sustainability into corporate decision-making and improve the ability of stakeholders to
adequately assess the opportunities and the risks related to the climate for companies. In light
of the leadership role assigned by the European Commission to the financial sector for
promoting sustainability and mitigating climate risk and the paucity of studies on the
relationship between corporate governance and the disclosure of climate change related risks
by financial institutions, this study has two aims. The first is to assess the disclosure related to
climate change by major European banks to understand if the banks have grasped the most
substantive aspects of the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD)
recommendations. The second aim is to evaluate the contribution of governance to TCFDcompliant disclosure. By using content analysis and OLS regressions on a sample of 101
european banks, our paper shows that banks have been able to reach an intermediate level of
adequacy of compliance in terms of completeness of information but forward-looking
orientation seems to be the aspect that is in need of the most improvement. The existence of a
committee dedicated to sustainability issues seems to constitute the difference between the
banks in terms of disclosure, regarding all aspects analysed. The paper should be of interest to
policymakers because it provides insight into disclosure vulnerabilities and therefore indicates
what to monitor to achieve public policy objectives. Furthermore, the findings can help
governance bodies and boards of directors to function more effectively and establish virtuous
organizational arrangements for sustainable governance.
Keywords: Climate Change, Governance, Non-Financial Reporting.
54Assoc.
Prof., Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Scienze dell‘Economia, Lecce-Italy, simona.cosma@unisalento.it
Dr., Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Scienze dell‘Economia, Lecce-Italy, salvatore.principale@unisalento.it
56Assoc. Prof., Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Scienze dell‘Economia, Lecce-Italy, andrea.venturelli@unisalento.it
55
33
EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
Management Influence of The Organizational Performance in
The Automotive Industry
Stefan DOUBEK57
Phillip BURGER58
Matthias PATSCHKE59
Abstract
This thesis is focussing the research gap between internal and external factors influencing the
organizational context in the automotive industries regarding leadership role, decision making,
organizational structure and effectiveness in creating an adequate business model. The research
differentiates between old and new factors internally and externally, especially for the European
automotive industries. The themes of business model architecture and innovation have become
of increasing attention both in practice and in academia in response to the escalating pace of
change in technologies, markets and approaches to business around the world (Baden-Fuller
and Morgan, 2010; Teece, 2010; Schweizer, 2005; Shafer and Smith, 2005). As the business
landscape has become more volatile and unpredictable, so the certainty attached to previously
enduring business models has become eroded. Conversely, business model innovation with and
without new technologies is seen as being a key component to competitiveness and also,
increasingly, to a new economy of sustainability (Wells, 2013).The starting model for
comparison are Tesla with its new market attempt, but further developments of other sectors
are included. Based on these results the European automotive industries are compared to US
and Asian (Japan, South Korea) automotive industries and their leadership roles and
effectiveness focussing published financial statements and statistics of sold cars. Therefore,
institutional behaviours are critically questioned for effectiveness according to the pressure of
external factors: changing social and consumer behaviours and changing sustainability
prospects and moreover new technologies and new statutory frame conditions. Based on the
compared results of internal and external factors, and moreover considering trends (based on
market data) and prospects new leadership roles, structures and decision making for future
oriented organizational effectiveness in the automotive industries are developed. The article
draw the concept of the thesis.
Keywords: Leadership, Organizational Performance, Business-Models.
57
Stefan Doubek, Doctoral Student, University of Latvia University of Latvia, Faculty of Business, Management and
Economics, info@stefan-doubek.de
58 Phillip Burger, Doctoral Student, University of Latvia University of Latvia, Faculty of Business, Management and
Economics, phillipb@gmx.at
59 Matthias Patschke, Doctoral Student, University of Latvia University of Latvia, Faculty of Business, Management and
Economics, matthias.paschke@gmx.de
34
EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
New Municipal Council Elections in the Europe
Soňa KRPÁLKOVÁ60
IPS FSV UK61
Abstract
Legislation on new municipal elections varies significantly across Europe. In some countries,
the situation is solved in such a way that if there is no alternate for the vacant mandate, the
mandate remains vacant and new elections for the whole council are held only in a situation
where it is no longer possible to manage the municipality due to a decrease in council members.
There are also states in which only vacant seats are filled in new elections. The absence of
legislative regulation of the institute of new elections in electoral laws is no exception.
Legislative rules for holding new elections in the Czech Republic are different from those in
European countries, and perhaps because of them the number of municipalities where new
elections are held repeatedly is constantly growing. The aim of this article is to provide
comprehensive information on the legislative regulation of new elections in selected European
countries and at the same time to bring closer the contrast between the legislative settings of
selected European countries with regard to other factors.
Keywords: New Municipal Council Elections, Local Government, Municipal Elections.
Mgr. Soňa Krpálková, Charles University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Czech Repubic, sona.krpalkova@fsv.cuni.cz
Internal doctoral student, Charles University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute of Political Studie, Prague – Czech
Republic, sona.krpalkova@fsv.cuni.cz
60
61
35
EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
How Public Servants’ Recovery Status Affects Public
Organizations’ Reputation
Tsamantouridis KYRIAKOS62
Tsameti ANGELIKI63
Bellou VICTORIA64
Andronikidis ANDREAS65
Abstract
Under the circumstance of the new reality COVID-19 introduced, front-line employees are
faced with even more demanding work conditions, caused by alienation, anxiety, and
impatience to complete the service provision. Building upon the JD-R model, the aim of this
research is to investigate the extent to which public servants feel fresh and recovered from their
work when they start their work-day and its impact on civilians’ perceptions of both the service
provided and of the public organization. Specifically, we investigate how public servants’
recovery status in the morning, before starting their work, impacts on affective delivery in the
eyes of civilians and subsequent perceptions of reputation of the public organization. The
rationale behind this expectation is that the recovery state of public servants will most likely
affect the way they will interact with civilians, due to the exhausting demands of a face-to-face
one (especially during the pandemic), in such a way that when they haven’t been able to recover
from previous resource depletion, they find it difficult to provide services expressing socially
desired emotions. The reduced affective delivery, in turn, is expected to negatively influence
civilians’ impression about the public organization they visited, as front-line employees are
usually seen as organizational representatives. The study took place in Greece, where there is a
consolidated belief that the Greek public sector is highly dysfunctional, offering services of low
quality. The study (part of a larger project) was double-source, asking both parties of a service
interaction to participate in the study. Public servants reported - among others - on their
recovery status before they interact with civilians while civilians served by participating public
servants reported on their experience of affective delivery and their perception of the
organization’s reputation. Evidence from 155 interactions, tested through SPSS Process offers
support to the hypothesized relationships.
Keywords: Work Recovery, Affective Delivery, Public Organization’s Reputation.
62
PhD Candidate, University of Thessaly, Department of Economics, Greece, tsamanto@uth.gr
PhD Candidate, University of Thessaly, Department of Economics, Greece, atsameti@uth.gr
64 Prof. Dr., University of Thessaly, Department of Economics, Greece, vbellou@uth.gr
65 Prof. Dr., University of Macedonia, Department of Business Administration, Greece, a.andronikidis@uom.gr
63
36
EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
Blockchain Technologies Implications on Education Sector
Dilek DEDE66
Abstract
This study mainly aims to manifest and understand the blockchain technologies brought up
leading-edge and innovative implications to the education sector as the dimension of the public
administration field. The focal questions are the following: 1) How can blockchain technologies
be clarifying effect on the education sector 2 ) What extend and which areas of the education
sector have been affected by blockchain technologies? In methodology, it is an explanatory
study that remains on the document scrutiny about the applications of blockchain technology
for the education sector. This study has been constructed in two sections. In the first section,
the meanings and identification of blockchain Technologies have been evaluated. In the second
section, usage areas of Blockchain Technologies in the education sector have been elaborated
and briefly tackled. In conclusion, blockchain technologies have widespread attention coverage
in the education sector in terms of two issues. The first issue is registration and certification
procedures. The second issue is data storage.
Keywords: Blockchain Technologies, Education Sector, Public Administration.
66
Res. Assist. Dr., Istanbul University, Faculty of Political Sciences, Turkey, dilekdede@istanbul.edu.tr
37
EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
The Effect of Different Types of Interaction on Students’
Satisfaction in An E-Learning Environment
Sidita DIBRA67
Blendi GERDOCI68
Megi Cali MSC69
Abstract
The sudden shift from traditional methods to e-learning during the lockdown following the
Covid- 19 pandemic, proved to be challenging for both students and instructors. In contrast with
other developed countries, Albanian Universities had little or no previous experience with
online learning modalities. During this unexpected shift to the new reality in teaching and
learning, a wide variety of solutions and methods that support synchronous, asynchronous and
hybrid learning formats were used to facilitate communication, share teaching and learning
materials or assessment. This study investigates the crucial role of different types of interaction,
i.e., student – instructor, student – student and student - content shared in e-learning platforms,
on students' learning satisfaction while controlling for the frequency of different methods used
by instructors. Drawing from a sample of 1698 University students, hierarchical regression was
used to test the proposed model. The empirical findings indicate that interaction with the
instructor is the strongest determinant of student learning satisfaction, followed by interaction
with content and among peers. By comparing two sub-samples - one comprising bachelor
students and another master students only, our findings show that while for bachelor students
the results are similar to the entire sample, in the sub-sample comprising master students, the
interaction with content outweighs the one with the teacher. Also, study results indicate that the
frequent use of methods associated with synchronous format, higher the students' satisfaction.
These findings provide nuanced insight into the importance of different types of interaction in
an e-learning environment to enhance student learning satisfaction. The results show how
university professors and higher education institutions can improve students' satisfaction in
curricula development and implementation, by choosing the most effective e-learning solutions
that boost different types of interaction.
Keywords: E-Learning, Interaction, Satisfaction.
67
Sidita Dibra, PhD, University of Tirana, siditadibra@feut.edu.al
Blendi Gerdoçi PhD, University of Tirana, blendigerdoci@feut.edu.al
69 Megi Çali Msc, University of Tirana, megi.cali@unitir.edu.al
68
38
EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
The Importance of Ethical Behavior in our Profession
Lukáš STÁREK70
Abstract
The educator in modern society interacts with a diverse group of children/students when she/he
works with or teaches extremely heterogenous groups of individuals who may be characterised
by diversity that is not only cultural and linguistic in nature, but also moral. A similar situation
arises in terms of moral customs, modes of behaviour and habits. A whole range of lifestyles
and normative opinions converge at school and in the classroom. Consequently, educators need
methods and sound knowledge in order to be able to address moral and ethical problems.
According to Banks, Stárek, the most controversial area of ethics in helping professions is the
conflict between ethical values and principles. The job of educators is becoming more and more
complicated and demanding. Educators have to increasingly take into account the voice and
reaction of parents. Students are more diverse. School management is becoming more
professional and more administratively complex. Schools and other institutions are newly
defined and there are changes in legislation and key documents. Consequently, educators have
to work strategically in a field that is increasingly more determined by the social and personal
interests of higher positions along with cashflow/economy, legal frameworks and political
power. On the other hand, it is becoming increasingly clear that the core of the teaching
profession includes not only teaching but also the relationship with students and parents.
Educators can barely cope with the speed of changes in the teaching profession when they have
to protect its core and sometimes even fight for it, not only in schools but even in society, where
the issue of teacher status is often addressed. Educators can better protect themselves and have
a professional space to defend the quality of their profession. Professional ethics can play an
important role in this task. For the teacher, it is not a top-down ethics but the ethics of educators
that frames what governs and interconnects teaching professionals. The research sample
consisted of teaching staff working at a primary school in Prague. The teachers work in the first
stage of primary school. The selected primary school has a code of ethics as an internal
regulation. In total, five interviews with teachers were conducted. Respondents agreed that the
Code of Ethics and Ethical Decision-making Model are good support for their professional
practice. They are primarily useful in the communication process, especially when talking to
children, colleagues and parents.
Keywords:
70
Department of Special Education, Univerzita Jana Amose Komenského Praha, Prague, Czech Republic.
39
EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
The Role of Simplicity, Humanistic and Transparency in
Communication, to Develop Consumer Trust
Ana PEDREÑO-SANTOS71
Abstract
In 2019, the Spanish government's National Commission for Markets and Competition fined
milk processors for causing the price of milk to collapse. The legal services firms were on the
lookout for farmers who had been harmed so that they could exercise their right to complain.
In this work we investigate how simplicity, humanity and transparency in communication were
the keys to gaining their trust. As result of these communication factors, the internet contacts
(either through their website or their landing page) multiplied by four during the campaign. The
notoriety generated multiplied by twelve the visits to its website in the three follwing months.
The legal service firm, gained the trust of more than 2.000 farmers, making it one of the most
important collective causes in Europe.
Keywords: Consumer Behavior, Trust, Legal.
71
Prof. Dr., Universidad Complutense of Madrid, Faculty of Business & Economics, Spain, apedreno@ucm.es
40
EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
Symbolic Functions of Organizational Images
A Theoretical Approach to The Image of A Sports Team
Oana BARBU-KLEITSCH72
Abstract
This paper aims to propose a qualitative research methodology for the study of the transfer
between identity and image at the organizational level that can be applied to sports branding,
sport events and community interaction. According to a quantitative study previously
conducted on the motivations of team sports fans in which eight indicators were discussed, the
results were extremely interesting, if we compare them with similar studies in the field of
consumer choice. In the case of consumer goods, there is a lot of talk about maintaining the
brand through the reputation-notoriety couple associated with the quality of products and
services. On the other hand, in the case of sports branding, the emphasis is on the benefits
obtained from the spectacle at a social level. Social interaction, the drama of the game, the value
of the show, the escape from everyday life, enthusiasm, interest in the game, exercising a role
(that of a supporter), socialization, interest in the team, loyalty and interest in sports in general,
were the main motivations of a sports fan. Discussing the symbolic functions of the image, the
paper will try to answer some key questions: How do certain communities perceive their
interaction with a sports brand in terms of the communicated image and its perceived identity?
How does meaning occur in the dynamics of the communication relationship between
professional sport brands and their audience? In an attempt to answer these questions, the paper
will include a comprehensive and contextual analysis of theories about identity and image and
their application in defining sports branding communication. Also, the paper will include a
qualitative methodology focused on identifying the denotations, symbols and attributes that
form the image of a sports team - identifying the elements through which a community
perceives an assumed sports identity.
Keywords: Symbolic Functions, Sport Branding, Image and Identity.
PhD. Lect., West University of Timișoara, Faculty of Political Sciences, Philosphy and Communicațion Sciences, Romania,
oana.barbu@e-uvt.ro
72
41
EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
Modeling the Forms of International Scientific and Educational
Cooperation
Venelin TERZIEV73
Vladimir KLIMUK74
Abstract
Higher education today is associated with new topics, unthinkable for discussion even a decade
ago, related to a new reality in social development that has emerged in the last few years. If so
far we have been looking for options on how education can respond to the rapidly evolving high
technologies, today we are already looking for opportunities to integrate education into cloud
technologies and the creation of artificial intelligence and supercomputers. At first glance, this
is a challenge, but seen from the standpoint of the process of consistency and upgrading of
knowledge, skills and competencies in recent years, it can be defined as a systematic logical
and consistent development. The modernization of higher (and not only higher) education
requires a serious rethinking of the models, methods and content of the educational process.
The agenda of higher education is related to its technology - digital, remote and information.
Universities have well-established procedures and platforms that offer these opportunities and
in which it is possible to apply interactive methods of teaching, distance learning and e-learning,
with continuous improvement of quality, improvement and adaptation of content and this
opportunity existed before our hit the current pandemic by COVID - 19. On a limited scale,
only where innovations in teaching were at the appropriate level and the motivation to adapt to
the new technology was high enough, their implementation took place. These innovations,
despite the support of national institutions responsible for the quality of education, were not
widespread. The challenges of these organizational models are serious and range between
technical, technological equipment, infrastructure and training of teachers and students - some
to teach, others to learn by these methods.
Keywords: Education, Development, Change.
73
Full Member of the Russian Academy of Natural History, Professor, Eng., D.Sc. (National Security), D.Sc. (Economics),
D.Sc. (Social Activities), Ph.D., Georgi Rakovski Military Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria; University of Rousse, Rousse, Bulgaria;
Kaneff University Hospital, Rousse, Bulgaria; Russian Academy of Natural History, Moscow, Russia, vkterziev@gmail.com
74 Associate Professor, Ph.D., Baranavichi State University, Baranovichi, Republic of Belarus, klimuk-vv@yandex.ru
42
EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
Business Success Rate as Example of The Composite Ratio of
Business Performance Evaluation: Baltic States
Nellija TITOVA75
Abstract
The methodology of the business performance evaluation, in particular number of the ratios to
use, has been extensively developing over the last 30 years and has reached critical mass.
According to numerous sources the number of the ratios companies and researchers are using
for the evaluation of the company business performance has exceeded three hundreds.
Traditional theory provides five group classification to make ease of the analysis. The approach
was confronted by the groups of researches providing alternative grouping of the indicators
based on the target group/users; functions and goals. Elaborating on the optimization and
systematization of the ratios the pool of opinion was questioned on the necessity of the
composite ratios and there were several attempts made to incorporate and integrate several
ratios in one to offer the fast track for the evaluation process. One of the methods for the
integrated assessment of success, developed by V.I. Barkhatov, D.A. Pletnev and E.V.
Nikolaev, involves the system of indicators to assess the success of small and medium
companies and initially was implemented in Russia. It was tested on 11000 companies and took
four years time to make the conclusions. The analysis of the author’s research was implemented
based on the application of the developed methodology for assessing the success of companies
– Nasdaq Baltic emitents in Latvia, Estonia and Lithuania in 2013–19, carried out on the basis
of data from accounting reports of enterprises, provided by NASDAQ Baltic. It can be
concluded that there is steady increase of the share of the successful companies in the Baltic
States over the period under analysis. This is a proof for the sustainability of the emitents of the
NASDAQ BALTIC.
Keywords: Business Success Rate, Business Performance, Composite Ratios, Company
Evaluation, Business Sustainability.
75
Nellija Titova, Latvia, RISEBA University, Business Faculty, nellija.titova@riseba.lv
43
EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
Differences in The Change of Students’ Individual Responsibility
Preferences
Katalin ÁSVÁNYI76
Ágnes ZSÓKA77
Zsuzsanna FEHÉR78
Abstract
Sustainable consumption is one of the main drivers of a sustainable future, so it is vital to foster
it, by all possible means. Higher education is key in shaping thinking, attitudes and behaviour
of university students towards sustainability. Our research aims to examine the change of
students’ individual responsibility preferences based on the impact of a course on sustainability
and CSR. During this course, students participate in project-based learning, in which they work
with a non-governmental organization for a whole semester. In the present research, we
compare the results of two different semesters. In both semesters, we used the Q-method, at the
beginning and at the end of the course to measure the individual responsibility of students in
their various stakeholder roles as consumers, employees and members of a community. With
the help of this two-point study, we were able to detect and explore, to which stakeholder
approaches students have changed their attitudes, during the course. As Q-method classifies
students’ preferences into similar groups, we could assess students’ attitudes and their change
both at individual and group level. We characterized each group of opinions before and after
the course, highlighting common and different patterns, for both semesters. As the NGO was
different in the two semesters, it also meant a clear difference in the highlighted sustainability
issues. It is worth analysing the impact of the partner profile and activities on students’ attitudes.
In both cases, we detected positive changes in students ’attitudes, however, the focus of the
course made a difference, the scope of the civil partner’s activities had an obvious influence.
Research results allow for conclusions regarding the attitude-shaping potential of a course and
suggestions will be made for further development.
Keywords: Sustainability, Education, Q-method.
76
Dr., Corvinus University of Budapest, Institute of Marketing, Hungary, katalin.asvanyi@uni-corvinus.hu
Dr., Corvinus University of Budapest, Institute of Marketing, Hungary, agnes.zsoka@uni-corvinus.hu
78 PhD students, Corvinus University of Budapest, Institute of Marketing, Hungary, feher.zsuzsanna@ludwigmuseum.hu
77
44
EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
Does Foreign Aid Contribute to HDI Improvement?
Jordan Signor79
Julien Vandernoot80
Abstract
The main objective of foreign aid is to overcome initial brakes in poorer countries to set or
create a favourable environment toward welfare, economic activity and development. The
overarching goal being to trigger a virtuous cycle: improve welfare level and economic
conditions, heighten the autonomy of individuals and the population, and build a flourishing
environment for international economic integration. Accordingly, aid effectiveness influences
the social, economic and institutional environment of these recipient countries. On the long run,
policies implementation, the enforcement of the rule of law or economic conditions are crucial
to the aided countries in order to avoid aid dependency and the poverty trap. Donours, however,
may allocate inflows based upon subjective criteria such as economic and historic ties, regime
proximity, or recipient countries may even misallocate these funds due to moral hazard. A large
strand of the literature posits the positive contribution that aid and external funding have on
welfare and growth. Aid is often considered as a prerequisite for countries to reach their
development aid targets. On the contrary, we highlight the leverage that internal factors have
on Human Development Index improvement. Foreign aid, and private funding, in our analysis
play no significant effect. This is coherent with a more recent strand of the literature, suggesting
that on average, aid is ineffective in recipient countries. More than being purely aid-dependent,
we show that in poorer countries other factors could explain how aided countries succeed or
fail at improving people’s lives. The explanation could lie in the fact that local forces, other
funds or mechanisms may play a greater role in reaching goals and the international agenda in
the matter.
Keywords: Foreign Aid, Developing Countries, HDI.
Res.and Teach.Assist., University of Mons, Warocqué School of Business and Economics, Public Finance and Taxation
Department, Belgium, Jordan.SIGNOR@umons.ac.be
80 Assoc.Prof. Dr.., University of Mons, Warocqué School of Business and Economics, Public Finance and Taxation
Department, Belgium, Julien.VANDERNOOT@umons.ac.be
79
45
EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
Alcohol Restriction Policy and Consumer Behavior in Lithuania
in 2016–2020
Ausra RASTENIENE81
Vita KARPUSKIENE82
Abstract
To reduce alcohol consumption, in 2018 the Lithuanian Government introduced new
restrictions on alcohol sales time, consumer age, and alcohol advertising. These restrictions
apply to the entire population, regardless of alcohol consumption behavior. Such actions of the
government were provoked by the scale of the problem; according to the data provided by the
World Health Organization and the European Union Commission, Lithuania sits among the
leading countries in alcohol consumption. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the changes in
alcohol consumption behavior after the regulatory measures entered into force and the public
attitude towards these measures based on research results. This research presents the results of
a study first conducted in December 2016 by the researchers of the Faculty of Economics of
Vilnius University and the representatives of the Lithuanian Business Confederation. The aim
of the study was to distinguish the different groups of alcohol consumers and their alcohol
consumption behavior and attitudes towards the alcohol restriction policies.* To achieve this
aim, an analysis of scientific papers, a population survey, and statistical analysis methods were
used. The authors conclude that alcohol restriction policies, met with a relatively favorable
public attitude, may have adjusted levels of alcohol consumption and its patterns. The measures
adopted did not encourage respondents to give up alcohol in the longer term (12 months).
Keywords: Standard Unit of Alcohol, Binge Drinking, Heavy Drinking Episodes.
81
82
*
The results of the 2016 study are presented in: Karpuškienė, V., Rastenienė, A., & Liepuonius, A. (2019). “Alkoholio
vartojimo įpročiai, aplinka ir pasekmės Lietuvoje.” Socialinė Teorija, Empirija, Politika ir praktika, 18, 59–73.
https://doi.org/10.15388/stepp.2019.4
46
EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
The Importance of Natural Resources for The Azerbaijani
Economy
Anar MURADOV83
Abstract
Azerbaijan’s natural resources attract the transnational corporations from the developed world
and increase the investment projects in oil industry. The development of the petroleum industry
has significantly increased the GDP of the country since 1994. The paper will focus on natural
resource contracts. Their impact on GDP growth, oil industry, and regional economic
integration will be described through two important contracts. The research paper shows that
transnational corporations’ investment projects in Azerbaijan’s petroleum industry developed
the economic system, and reduced the poverty as well as the unemployment within a short
period of time. While all assistance is welcome from oil corporations, the paper claims that the
Azerbaijani Government must consider disadvantages of oil and gas exploration projects,
because the negative results can impede upon the country’s economic development in a long
run. Although crude oil and gas exports have significant roles in Azerbaijan’s GDP, the
government’s main objective should be directed towards advancing the non-oil sector of the
economic system. Furthermore, the progress in the international economic integration through
the contracts and agreements, the investment projects in the oil industry, and the GDP growth
are the important factors for the research. Descriptive explanatory discussion method is used in
this research paper by referring to the information from works of scientists and organizations.
The goal of this paper is to show that Azerbaijan currently benefits from the investments of oil
corporations, but may suffer negative consequences in a long run as observed in other oil-rich,
post-Soviet countries. There is a suggestion that it may be possible to predict those problems
and make new efforts in order to prevent the state from facing economic stagnation in the future.
Keywords: Azerbaijan, Oil Industry, Contracts, Corporations, Investment.
83
Department of Economics, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5259-4424
E-mail addresses: anar.muradov1987@gmail.com; anar.muradov@kdis.ac.kr
47
EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
Key Issues on The Interaction between Monetary and Fiscal
Policies: Evidences from Albania
Elena POLO84
Abstract
The last crisis affected and thus redefined the views of all economists on the effectiveness of
macroeconomic policies and even more, the role of the respective fiscal and monetary
institutions. The scope of the analysis of the effectiveness, instruments and cooperation between
both macro-policies has a great importance today, when the priority of all economies remains
the support of the long-term and sustainable economic growth, while ensuring overall
macroeconomic stability. Monetary and fiscal policy constitute principal macro-policies, even
though they are usually designed and implemented with quite different - sometimes even
contrary - goals. Although they have a certain degree of independence mostly in the institutional
basis, there is also a considerable level of interdependence between them. The first objective of
this article is to shortly identify main elements of the interaction between macro-policies. The
second objective is to evaluate this mutual interaction among them for the Albanian case with
historical data using each policy reaction function non-simultaneously. Related to the
methodology, there will be a descriptive comparative analysis of various economic variables
indicating ways of interaction between monetary and fiscal policy also with revisiting their
instruments and coordination after the crisis. Following this theoretical approach, there will be
an evaluation on the mutual interaction, where the methodological approach of the latter relates
to game theory generally analyzing decision situations. The first results of this work relate to
the stabilizing effects of monetary and fiscal policy. The other results will rely on the changes
of one policy as a response of changes in the other. If this one is statistically approved, we can
confirm a presence of strategic interaction between the two macro-policies. All above
mentioned elements will shed light on some first theoretical and empirical findings for Albania
contributing to a further research debate and work in the field.
Keywords: Macro-Policies, Interaction, Policy Reaction Functions.
84
Assistant Lecturer, Institute for European Studies, Department of Economics, University of Tirana
48
EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
The Impact of Tourism and Energy Use on CO2 Emissions:
Evidence from Transition Economies
Dilek TANDOGAN85
Cigdem KARIS86
Abstract
The adverse effects of global warming that threaten the livable world reduce the living standards
of both present and future generations. The use of fossil fuels, which causes global warming,
increases environmental pollution by increasing Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. For this
reason, it is important to identify activities that increase CO2 emissions. In this context, the aim
of the study is to determine the impact of tourism and energy use on CO2 emissions for a total
of 12 transition economy countries, including Central Eastern Europe and Commonwealth of
Independent States countries. For this purpose, the impact of tourism and energy use on CO 2
emissions for 12 transition economies in the 1995-2014 period has been investigated by panel
data regression estimation method. In the study, CO2 emission is represented by CO2 emission
in kilotons (kt) of carbon dioxide, energy use is represented by energy use in kg of oil equivalent
per capita and tourism is represented by number of arrivals. The estimation of the panel data
regression reveals that tourism and energy use increase CO2 emissions. The result of the study
is important in terms of revealing that tourism and energy use increase environmental pollution.
Therefore, identifying activities that cause environmental effects in transition economies and
establishing measures can prevent additional costs that may occur. In addition, it becomes
necessary to establish policies for the use of environmentally friendly energy in order to provide
sustainable tourism activities, which will be the sector most affected by environmental
degradation, and to increase their contribution to the economy.
Keywords: Tourism, Energy Use, CO2 Emissions, Transition Economies, Panel Data Analysis.
85
86
Assoc. Prof. Dr., Trabzon University, Vocational School of Tourism and Hospitality, Turkey, dtandogan@trabzon.edu.tr
Assist. Prof. Dr., Trabzon University, Vakfıkebir Vocational School, Turkey, cigdemkaris@trabzon.edu.tr
49
EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
The Impact of Financial Development on Income Inequality:
Evidence from OECD Countries
Cigdem KARIS87
Dilek TANDOGAN88
Abstract
The financial system has an important function that contributes to the increase in social welfare.
Investment and consumption expenditures contribute to the increase of production by meeting
the capital need. In this context, the effect of financial system development on income
inequality is the subject of research. In this direction, the aim of the study is to examine the
impact of financial development on income inequality for 13 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) member countries for the period 1993-2017 with the help
of panel data method. In the study, income inequality is represented by GINI coefficient, and
financial development is represented by percentage domestic credit to private sector by the
banks as a percent of GDP. In addition, per capita income, inflation, public spending and trade
openness are included in the model as control variables. According to the panel data regression
results of the study, it is revealed that the impact of inflation and public spending on income
inequality is negative, while the impact of financial development on income inequality is
positive. The results of the study show that inflation and public spending leads to decrease
income inequality. On the other hand, financial development leads to increase the income
inequality. The result of the study supports the income inequality widening hypothesis, which
suggests that the situation in favor of individuals with high income levels in access to financial
resources will continue when financial development increases, thus financial development will
increase income inequality.
Keywords: Financial Development, Income Inequality, OECD Countries, Panel Data
Analysis.
87Assist.
Prof. Dr., Trabzon University, Vakfıkebir Vocational School, Turkey, Vakfıkebir-Trabzon,
cigdemkaris@trabzon.edu.tr
88Assoc. Prof. Dr., Trabzon University, Vocational School of Tourism and Hospitality, Turkey, dtandogan@trabzon.edu.tr
50
EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
Does Financial Literacy “Grease The Wheels” of Loans Market?
A Note
Fátima Sol MURTA89
Paulo Miguel GAMA90
Abstract
What is the impact of financial literacy on banks’ lending activity? Based on the results of the
S&P Global FinLit Survey for an extensive sample of countries, the paper provides a first
worldwide test on the impact of country level financial literacy on commercial banks’ lending
activity. The results show that financial literacy favors lending activity and hampers bad loans.
These results are robust to several controls for lending activity and estimation methods. As
such, our evidence of the positive (negative) impact of the population financial literacy on the
quantity of loans (quality of loans) suggests that the efforts to enhance the financial literacy of
the population contributes to the sustainable development of the financial sector, and economic
growth.
Keywords: Financial Literacy, Loans, Non-Performing Loans, Commercial Banks, Financial
Development.
Fátima Sol Murta, University of Coimbra, Centre for Business and Economics Research (CeBER), Faculty of Economics
(FEUC), Av. Dias da Silva 165, 3004-512 Coimbra, Portugal. Email: fasol@fe.uc.pt.
90 Paulo Miguel Gama, University of Coimbra, Centre for Business and Economics Research (CeBER), Faculty of Economics
(FEUC), Av. Dias da Silva 165, 3004-512 Coimbra, Portugal. Email: pmgama@fe.uc.pt
89
51
EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
Winning at Home and Abroad: A Generalized Double Diamond
Framework for Selected CEE Countries
Irina-Marilena BAN91
Valentina Ioana CHEREGI92
Abstract
This research aims to analyse national competitiveness in the regional context of European
integration. From the policy perspective, our paper sets the objective of assessing the national
diamonds’ configuration relative to the EU and relative to each other. The study analyses the
largest eight out of ten Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries that joined the EU in
2004. The generalized double diamond (GDD) model was used to assess competitiveness from
both national and international perspectives. Competitiveness determinants include 30 proxies
generally used in the literature, as well as new specific variables for these CEE economies. The
results indicate that the EU accession brought both domestic and international advantages for
most of the CEE countries, but no causality between the domestic and international diamond
was found. To the best of our knowledge, no previous studies attempted to analyse
competitiveness for this precise sample of CEE countries in the perspective of European
integration. Our study also benefits from a large dataset comprising the European pre-accession
and post-accession periods, shedding new light on the relative competitiveness dynamics
among the selected CEE countries.
Keywords: Competitive Advantage, Porter’s Diamond, Generalized Double Diamond Model,
CEE Countries.
Assoc. Prof. Dr., Babeș-Bolyai University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Romania,
irina.ban@econ.ubbcluj.ro
92
Assist. Dr., Babeș-Bolyai University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Romania,
mera.valentina@econ.ubbcluj.ro
91
52
EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
Intangible Capital in Tourism Industry: A Linked EmployerEmployee Data Approach
Dasa FARCNIK93
Ales GORISEK94
Tjasa REDEK95
Abstract
This paper examines firm-level investment in three types of intangible capital: organizational,
R&D, and ICT. It focuses on the tourism industry, in particular accommodation and food
services, where intangible capital, especially organizational capital (human resource
management, branding and organizational structure), is important for creating a premium
service, value added or comparative advantage. The paper uses Slovenian employer-employee
microdata from 2009 to 2017 and applies the economic framework to study intangible capital.
The results show that the size of intangible capital in the accommodation and food services
sector in Slovenia (where the contribution of the tourism sector is above the EU average) lags
behind the size of intangible capital in the economy as a whole, especially for R&D and ICT
capital. However, we find that the size of organizational intangible capital, measured as the
share of employees with the relevant field, level and occupation, has increased. Although the
R&D type of intangible capital (as typically defined) is less applicable to service industries such
as accommodation and food services, ICT capital is closely related to the digitalization of the
industry. The lag in intangible assets in the form of ICT capital is therefore rather worrisome.
The paper carries important policy implications for promoting investment in ICT capital in
order to maintain or increase the competitive advantage of firms in the tourism industry in
Slovenia.
Keywords: Intangible Capital, Tourism Industry, Employer-Employee Data.
93
Assist. Prof. Dr. Dasa Farcnik, School of Economics and Business, University of Ljubljana, dasa.farcnik@ef.uni-lj.si
Dr. Ales Gorisek, School of Economics and Business, University of Ljubljana, ales.gorisek@ef.uni-lj.si
95 Prof. Dr. Tjasa Redek, School of Economics and Business, University of Ljubljana, tjasa.redek@ef.uni-lj.si
94
53
EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
Mapping Z Generation’s Viewpoints in Museum Sustainability
Using Q Methodology
Zsuzsanna FEHÉR96
Ásványi KATALIN97
Abstract
Museums play a unique role in cultural sustainability by preserving the heritage of their
communities and ensuring the accumulation and transfer of cultural capital from current
generations to future generations. However, additional functions are built on the basic function
of museums. In the modern approach, education is already appearing as an essential museum
function. The post-modern perspective already emphasizes the role of museums in sustainable
development. To date, little empirical research on the topic has been published in the literature.
Museums and researchers require knowledge of how museums think about and practice
sustainability to understand how sustainability is, and can be, incorporated and institutionalized
in museum practice. This study, which employed Q methodology, aimed to determine the
preferences of the most and less important sustainability elements from the museum visitors’
point of view. Participants of the study were 24 young museum visitors and the data were
collected through 37 Q sentences. The topics for which most of the young museum visitors
have expressed moderate or high need levels seem to reflect on the museum should sustainably
manage its collection and preserve it for future generations, and they also agree that museums
need active communities. According to the differences among the preferences of young
museum visitors, it was found that they can be distinguished along with three factors: the
Conscious visitor, the Searching for Experiences visitor. and the Enthusiastic to learn visitor. It
is important for museums to pay attention to the increasingly conscious needs of visitors and to
take into account that some of their visitors like to go to a museum for leisure and entertainment
and require museums to be accessible to everyone, while others want to learn and expand their
professional knowledge. Further studies may concentrate on more specific needs of young
museum visitors in the context of these issues.
Keywords: Z Generation, Sustainable Museum, Q Methodology.
96
97
PhD students, Corvinus University of Budapest, Institute of Marketing, Hungary, feher.zsuzsanna@ludwigmuseum.hu
Dr., Corvinus University of Budapest, Institute of Marketing, Hungary, katalin.asvanyi@uni-corvinus.hu
54
EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
Global Problems, Local Responses – Climate Adaptation
Challenges of Tourism in Hungary
Rita Domjánné NYIZSALOVSZKI 98 Tamás CZIRA99 Attila SUTŐ100
Kornél NÉMETH101 Erzsébet PÉTER102
Abstract
Carpathian basin is one of the most vulnerable area in Europe in respect of climate change and
the tourism is a very important branch of the economy in Hungary, its significance increases
year by year. This research is a part of the „Further development of the National Adaptation
Geo-Information System (NAGiS)” project’s. The overall objective of the NAGiS was to
develop a multipurpose geo-information system that can facilitate the policy-making, strategybuilding and decision-making processes related to the impact assessment of climate change and
founding necessary adaptation measures in Hungary. Our project developed further the
NAGiS. The ‘‘C3’’ module dealt directly with climate vulnerability of the tourism sector in
Hungary. Its outputs produced thematic maps in microregional resolution at national and in
settlement resolution at local levels for exposure, sensitivity, impact, adaptability and
vulnerability data to provide the possibility for comparison of different type of tourist
destinations. On top of that, local adaptation attitudes and best practices were also analysed
during the research in 3 special Hungarian pilot destinations through local examinations and
interviews. The strength and a type of climate effects depends on the type of landscapes so we
choosed 3 typical Hungarian tourist landscape regions: a typical mountain destination - MátraBükk Mountains; a cultural destination - Pécs and its surroundings and a waterside destination
– Balaton lake. We collected and systemized effects and responses, after analyzed them. In all
destinations was experienced effects of the global climate change – decrease of precipitation,
the number of snowy days; increase the number of hot days, the flash floods, changing of
ecosystems. The mapping and the analysis of climate vulnerabilty in tourism is a new research
topic in Hungary and the project was a gap-filling research with a gap-filling methodology.
The NAGiS project was just the beginning: its future expansion could further deepen the
explanatory power and usefulness of the methodology.
Keywords: Climate Change, Vulnerability, Adaptation.
98 Associate Prof. Eszterházy Károly University, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, Department of Tourism, Eger,
Hungary, nyizsalovszki.rita@uni-eszterhazy.hu
99
Vice Director, Mining and Geological Survey of Hungary/ National Adaptation Center, Budapest, Hungary,
czira.tamas@mbfsz.gov.hu
100 Project Manager, Mining and Geological Survey of Hungary/ National Adaptation Center, Budapest, Hungary,
suto.attila@mbfsz.gov.hu
101 Associate Professor, University of Pannonia, Head of Institute/Institute of Applied Management, Kaposvár, Hungary,
nemeth.kornel@uni-pen.hu
102 Researcher, University of Pannonia, Head of Institute/Institute of Applied Management, Kaposvár, Hungary,
peter.erzsebet@uni-pen.hu
55
EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
Creative Tourism as A Contemporary Tool for Sustainable
Growth
Karmen MIKULIĆ103
Adriana JELUŠIĆ104
Abstract
The current covid-19 situation defines and conditions tourism trends, and affects the global
economic anatomy that is in the current transformative phase. Humans, not profit should be the
crucial elements of sustainable concept in achieving economic and global health. There is a
global need for new creative models of society growth and development including new models
of tourism that go beyond all existing traditional and economic frameworks. This paper examine
the potential role of creative industries through creative tourism destination development model
as contemporary tool that generate conditions and environment based on creativity and
innovation. Therefore, this research has key aim: to detect different concepts, terminologies and
models that point in the same direction of tourism’s transformative potential through creative
industries. Research approach is based on the comprehensive review and analysis of the existing
literature, reports and studies on the subject. To explore the dimension of creative industry and
to determine their need for tourism transformation, study will use qualitative approach by
gathering opinions and solutions on “yesterday, today and tomorrow” of creative scene and
trans-modern implications and power of tourism. Combining creative sector through creative
tourism is a future solution for creating a flourishing community and reset the global tourism
system. Findings from this study could assist public policy makers and community planners
when establishing local planning and provide strategies; help in understanding the scope and
importance of creative economy for the national growth and economic health in general. This
study focuses on how the concept of creative sector can represent new model in strategic
decision making to achieve sustainable economic health, rebirth of the tourism destinations and
preserve it’s identity, attract creative class and affect the quality of life of the community.
Keywords: Creative Tourism Model, Creative Industry, Sustainable Growth.
103
104
Phd. student, University of Rijeka, Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality Management, Croatia, karmenm@fthm.hr
Prof. dr. sc., University of Rijeka, Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality Management, Croatia, adrianas@fthm.hr
56
EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
Motivational Factors for The Adoption of ISO 9001:2015
Certification in Arabic Countries: A Case Study of Libyan
Service and Manufacturing Industries (LSMI)
Anwar AL-MIJRAB105
Abdulaziz ELWALDA106
Abstract
This study aims to establish the motivations behind the adoption of ISO 9001: 2015 in Libyan
Service and Manufacturing Industries (LSMI). A case study approach was employed to collect
the data, using semi-structured interviews conducted within LSMI. Study’s findings can lead
to a knowledge transfer and help organisations, among Arab and developing countries, in the
process of achieving ISO 9001: 2015 standardisation. It is hoped by the authors that their
findings can help those organisations deal with domestic customers and serve the local market,
in addition to helping the LSMI find a place in the international market by seeking ISO
9001:2015 certification. Moreover, the findings have important implications for the
government, the LSMI, CSERS, experts and quality control managers. The present study fills
the gap in knowledge in the area of the quality management system and contributes to the
literature and professional practice of customer satisfaction by offering new insights into the
motivations for the implementation of ISO 9001:2015 in LSMI. It also highlights the strong
potential of ISO 9001:2015 in affecting organisational performance improvements. Besides,
the study offers a beneficial source of information for organisations in developing countries,
which are still lagging far behind when it comes to ISO implementation.
Keywords: Developing Countries, Libyan Service and Manufacturing Industries, ISO
9001:2015, Motives, LSMI.
105
Dr.Anwar Al-mijrab, Director of Quality Assurance Office and Researcher, Center for Solar Energy Research and Studies
(CSERS), Libya, anwar75uk@yahoo.co.uk, Anwar75ly@Csers.Ly
106 Dr.Abdulaziz Elwalda, Senior Lecturer - Business Management Department, Misurata University, Libya,
elwaldaa@eps.misuratau.edu.ly
57
EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
Determining The Critical Success Factors of Strategic Technology
Alliances in The E-Commerce Sector
Meltem YONTAR AKSOY107
Abstract
It is very difficult to manage strategic alliances successfully. Despite the enthusiastic beginning
of partnership in general, it is known that many alliances fail to achieve the goals for which
they were designed. Managing collaborations in the e-commerce sector can be more difficult
than others, due to the fact that it is managed with technologies that are rapidly changing and
create high uncertainty. This study aims to identify the critical success factors affecting the
performance of technological strategic alliances established in the e-commerce sector where
strategic cooperation is inevitable. Since most of the strategic alliances fail, it is extremely
important to identify the success factors that affect the high performance of the companies in
order to comply with the requirements of the cooperation. There are studies to determine the
success factors of strategic alliances established in different sectors in this field. In the literatüre,
it is not encountered an attempt to identfy the critical success factors of strategic technology
alliances which is established in the e-commerce sector companies operating in Turkey. It is
thought that the study will contribute to the literature by filling this gap.
Keywords: Strategic Alliances, Critical Success Factors, E-Commerce Sector.
107
PhD student., Istanbul Technical University, Industrial Engineering PhD Program, Turkey, yontarmeltem@yahoo.com
58
EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
Customer Success Management as A Distinct Concept:
A Literature Review-Based Analysis
Sven SEIDENSTRICKER108
Vinzenz KRAUSE109
Julia SCHEEL110
Abstract
Customer success management is emerging as an increasingly important area of study in
marketing practice. With the trends toward full customer centricity and more subscriptionbased business models, the balance of power is shifting from providers to customers, and
therefore companies face an even greater challenge to prevent churn of their profitable
customers. Initial research has shown that proactive customer management ensures customer
value and results in lower churn rates. Despite a growing literature in the business press and
especially considerable attention in corporate practice, academic research on customer success
management is almost non-existent. In particular, there has been no contribution to the concepts
and methods provided, which is specifically surprising as it is already considered as a common
management practice in SaaS companies and even in some manufacturing companies. The
article attempts to fill this research gap and aims at contributing to a growing body of literature.
Following a two-step approach, this paper first conducts a systematic-based literature review to
examine the broader customer relationship literature. Since customer success management
lacks a conceptional foundation, the literature review guarantees to fully encompass the
research field and to identify related topics and their most important concepts. Second, to
triangulate the theoretical analysis, the article empirically investigates the topic. In this context,
qualitative interviews with customer success experts in the business-to-business environment
are conducted and currently applied concepts in management practice are revealed. This
approach is intended to illustrate why customer success management is not an old discipline
with a new name, but rather contains novel or new adopted concepts that are of great importance
to companies for mastering challenges they are facing. Overall, the article provides a concept
manual including the most important concepts of customer success management derived from
theory and practice and should serve as a basis for further research.
Keywords: Customer Success Management, Customer Success Manager, Concept.
108
Prof. Dr. Sven Seidenstricker, Full Professor, Cooperative State University Mosbach, Germany,
sven.seidenstricker@mosbach.dhbw.de
109 Vinzenz Krause, Research Assistant and Ph.D. Candidate, Catholic University Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Germany,
vinzenz.krause@ku.de
110 Julia Scheel, Master Candidate, Catholic University Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Germany, julia.scheel@ku.de
59
EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
Consumers’ Choice Behaviours Towards Eco-Friendly Clothing–
The Evidence from Poland
Karolina BIELAWSKA111
Magdalena GRĘBOSZ-KRAWCZYK112
Abstract
Recently, we have observed that conscious consumers are more and more ecologically aware
and they purchase green products. Consumers’ choice buying behaviours have an impact on the
environment, and the need for green products implies environmental issues in also marketing
approach. Several studies discuss these issues relating to different industries and types of green
products, for example to organic food, green energy, green automotive, green cosmetics, green
building and others. The aim of this study is to identify the factors influencing consumers’
choice of eco-friendly clothing products in the context of the theory of consumption values.
The TCV was used to explain the impact of functional, social, emotional, conditional,
epistemic, and environmental value on consumers’ choice behaviour regarding eco-friendly
clothing products. The research was conducted among 496 Polish consumers in December 2020
using indirect method of communication with respondents based on the on-line survey
technique. Structural equation modelling was used for analysis. The results of this study show
that Polish consumers are willing to buy green clothing products because of emotions of using
these products, changes in their situational variables, and environmental responsibility.
Research results confirmed that emotional, conditional, and environmental values have
significantly positive impact on consumers’ choice behaviour toward green clothing products.
The impact of functional, social and epistemic values was not confirmed. The research results
can be useful for producers and retailers of eco-friendly clothing products, especially during
implementation of the marketing communication campaign for Polish market. Labels and ecobrands should be created to differentiate between green and non-green clothing products.
Keywords: Theory of Consumption Values, Green Products, Consumers Behaviours.
111
Lodz University of Technology, Faculty of Management and Production Engineering, Department of European Integration
and International Marketing, Lodz-Poland, 224996@edu.p.lodz.pl
112 Prof. PŁ, dr hab., Lodz University of Technology, Faculty of Management and Production Engineering, Department of
European Integration and International Marketing, Lodz-Poland, magdalena.grebosz@p.lodz.pl
60
EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
The Role of Virtual Communities in Film Marketing
Milena LE VIET-BŁASZCZYK113
Abstract
Social media has become an important part of the marketing mix for a wide range of enterprises.
Some brands hold highly engaged virtual communities that play a significant role in their
marketing campaigns. For instance, fans of film productions might also provide their activities
on film profiles in social media, which can influence their marketing results. The aim of the
article is to present how virtual communities engage in social media marketing activities of film
productions. In order to achieve that target, the author used a literature synthesis and a
netnographic research of the best social media profiles of English-language feature films. The
results of the study will probably benefit cinema institutions in their future social media
marketing activities.
Keywords: Social Media, Film Marketing, Virtual Communities.
113
Master of Arts, University of
milena.le.viet.blaszczyk@edu.uni.lodz.pl
Lodz,
Faculty
of
61
Management,
Department
of
Marketing,
Poland,
EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
Commercial Dispute Resolution System Design: Case Study
Republic of North Macedonia
Ivan BIMBILOVSKI114
Elizabeta SPIROSKA115
Abstract
The aim of this study is to develop analytical tools for diagnosing and selecting the appropriate
dispute resolution method for commercial disputes. Disputes are usually very unpleasant and
expensive. Therefore, questions relating conflict management, conflict prevention and dispute
resolution are very important. Macedonian substantive law does not define the term
“commercial dispute.” Therefore, the legal meaning of this term is defined through the rules of
different substantive and procedural laws, first of all with application of the ratione personae
et causae criteria. This study is specifically focused on one aspect of commercial disputes: the
dispute resolution system in the Republic of North Macedonia. For the purposes of this study,
we firstly discuss the methods for commercial disputes resolution and their basic characteristics.
Then, through the official results of the courts and other state`s and international authorities,
we attempt to show and understand the efficiency and effectiveness of the institutionalized
dispute resolution methods in the area of commercial disputes. And finally we develop
analytical tools for diagnosing the appropriate dispute resolution method. These tools will help
business owners, managers and other decision makers in finding appropriate dispute resolution
method and will facilitate conflict management and conflict resolution during the business
processes. These research findings can also be used by the judges and policymakers. At the
same time this study makes a conceptual contribution to the literature on commercial dispute
resolution.
Keywords: Commercial Disputes, Dispute Resolution, North Macedonia.
114
Prof. Dr., University of Information Science and Technology St. Paul the Apostle, School of Applied Information
Technology, Machine Intelligence and Robotics, North Macedonia, ivan.bimbilovski@uist.edu.mk
115 Ass. Prof. Dr., ISU G.R.Derzhavin, Law Faculty, North Macedonia, elizabeta.spiroska@uist.edu.mk
62
EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
Legal and Business Barriers of The Sovereign Identity System as
An Electronic Identification Means under eIDAS Regulation
Sylwia KOTECKA-KRAL116
Abstract
Centralized solutions for the confirmation of digital identity, both regulated (under the eIDAS
regulation, such as electronic signatures) and unregulated, store significant amounts of data
relating to each client. In the event of a potential data leakage, this may violate the privacy.
Providers of centralized electronic identification means have full control over the authentication
process as well as full knowledge of the activities undertaken with the use of the solution
provided by them. Centralization of electronic identification systems may threaten the use of
monopolistic practices. The Sovereign Identity System (SIS) is primarily intended to return
control over an individual's own identity and ensure special protection of privacy. The basic
feature that connects most of the known SIS projects is the use of Distributed Ledger
Technology (DLT) and the storage of data confirming specific attributes directly on the device
or server under the control of the entity to which these attributes relate. SIS has enormous
potential for use, an example of which is secure and quick authentication of identity based on
one or more aggregated Statements (i.e. name and surname and PESEL number confirmed by
an administration authority, bank). Despite its enormous potential, SIS is still in the early stages
of development. The challenges that entities and organizations developing SIS solutions have
to face include: legal barriers, i.e. uncertainty of SIS qualification as a digital means of
identification, the need to ensure interoperability standards for SSI systems, business barriers,
i.e. the need to convince market participants and public entities to accept SIS as a digital means
of identification, the need to educate and familiarize consumers with SIS. This presentation and
full research paper will focus on the legal and business aspects of creating and using Sovereign
Identity System.
Keywords: eIDAS, Electronic Identification Means, Distributed Ledger Technology.
116
Dr. (PhD in law), Poland, University of Wroclaw, Faculty of Law, Administration and Economics, Center for Legal and
Economic Issues of Electronic Communication, sylwia.kotecka-kral@uwr.edu.pl
63
EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
Legal Liability for The Activities of Artificial Intelligence
Sylwia KOTECKA-KRAL117
Abstract
AI algorithms are widely used, for example, as software that controls autonomous cars or
missiles, they are also used to analyze traffic volumes, perform operations on exchanges or
diagnose diseases. In addition to problems such as the authorship of AI's work and AI's criminal
activities, an extremely important and practical issue is the issue of AI's liability and the creation
of an adequate and effective mechanism for pursuing contractual and tort claims resulting from
AI's actions or omissions. Who should bear the legal responsibility? The creators of the AI
system (programmers and producers of such software, as well as AI educators), people who
place the software on the market for the purpose of installing it in specific devices are indicated
as potential persons in relation to whom the liability for damage caused by AI could be
considered, manufacturers of devices equipped with an AI system, owners of specific devices
using AI, entities using the AI system as part of their business activities, and finally even users
and consumers who use AI for private purposes? At this point, it is worth pointing out that from
an evidence perspective, in most cases proving a specific system error and establishing an
adequate causal relationship may be a difficult or even impossible task. On May 4, 2020, the
EU Legal Affairs Committee published recommendations containing draft provisions
regulating AI's tort liability. The speech at the conference, as well as the research paper, will
discuss legal issues related to the legal liability for the activities of artificial intelligence.
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Legal Liability, Strict Liability.
117
Dr. (PhD in law), Poland, University of Wroclaw, Faculty of Law, Administration and Economics, Center for Legal and
Economic Issues of Electronic Communication, sylwia.kotecka-kral@uwr.edu.pl
64
EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
GloBe Rules and Tax Competitiveness
Mª Silvia Velarde ARAMAYO118
Abstract
During the last twenty years, some scholars have emphasized how the core rules for taxing
international income are outdated and respond to inadequate principles and unsatisfactory
policies. In that frame, the OECD is leading a process to change the international tax structure.
Looking for a consensus-based solution, at the end of 2020, the OECD/G20 Report was
approved by the Inclusive Framework (137 Countries) and the technical proposals was divided
in two blocks. Pillar One focused on nexus and profit allocation rules whereas Pillar Two
focused on a global minimum tax. On the other hand, the COVID-19 pandemic and previously
in the wake of many tax avoidance scandals, the public pressure on Governments to ensure that
the Companies paid their fair share and in the right place has growing up. Thus, for example,
the UNCTAD Report on Trade and Development 2019 estimates a global loss of public
revenues from tax corporate avoidance between $180 billion and 500 billion annually, and also
estimates revenues losses on developing and transition economies between $49 and $194 billion
per year. This article aims to analyses the OECD GloBe rules Proposal in relation to the
European Union Tax Competitiveness and in relation to the United States GILTI Regime and
BEAT legislation. Moreover, if the GloBe rules Proposal is an option for 137 Countries
including in the OCDE/G20 IF ¿why until today the European Union Countries still do not
adopt the CCCTB Directive Proposal? ¿Why the European Union continue without adopted a
common structure in the corporate tax area? or worst, ¿why to this day continue without, at
least, set a harmonized minimum corporate tax rate band?
Keywords: GloBe Rules, Tax Competitiveness, OECD Pillar Two, European Union Taxation.
118
Prof. Drª Mª Silvia Velarde Aramayo, Salamanca University, Faculty of Economics, Spain, velar@usal.es
65
EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
Cities, Transnational Law and The Fight against COVID-19
Pandemic
Agnieszka Szpak119
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to point to the emerging transition from international law to
transnational law that on one hand is caused, and on the other, is strengthened by the growing
role of cities in the fight against COVID-19. Various interactions between cities and other
international actors give rise to new trends and challenges on the international plane. One of
such terms, transnational law, refers to developments beyond the nation state and includes “all
law which regulates actions or events that transcend national frontiers”. It is characterized by a
plurality of overlapping normative systems and a growing role of new actors on the international
arena, which in this case are cities. The author gives examples of cities bypassing or
complementing states with special emphasis on Polish cities as well as of cities’ transnational
cooperation to fight COVID-19 pandemic, filling the gaps in inter-governmental multilateral
cooperation. The paper also indicates some new terminology that may be used to recognize the
increasingly influential position of cities in international relations and international law. The
research method used mainly is discourse analysis (literature analysis). This interdisciplinary
paper can be located at the intersection of international relations, legal and urban studies.
Problems such as cities’ networks or transnational cooperation of cities have an obvious
international or transnational dimension.
Keywords: Cities, COVID-19, Transnational Law.
119
Prof., Nicolas Copernicus University, Faculty of Political Science and Security Studies, Toruń, Poland, aszpak@umk.pl
66
EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
Predicting of Pension Fund Net Asset Values by Machine
Learning Methods
Mehmet KAYAKUS120
Mustafa TERZIOGLU121
Abstract
Today, it is extremely popular to forecast the future with machine learning techniques in
financial cases. This is due to the high success rate of these methods in estimation compared to
traditional methods. In this study, the results of the estimations of the pension funds that the
employees invested for their future by sacrificing their current prosperity were investigated by
using machine learning techniques. In the study, Support Vector Regression (SVR) and
Decision Tree Regression (DTR), methods were used as the prediction method. In this study,
we chose to use pension funds with high risk but high return expectations in their portfolios.
Our aim was that employees wanted to maintain their current level of prosperity in their
retirement. In the literature section of the study, we included studies on pension funds and
mutual funds, which are quite limited. Nonlinear SVR method was used, and radial basis
function (RBF), was preferred as the core function. In the decision tree regression method, the
"Gini Index" algorithm was used as the quality measure in which the division was calculated.
R2, MSE, RMSE and MAE methods were used to measure the success and performance of the
models, and the results for SVR were 0.956, 0.004, 0.060 and 0.029, respectively; and for DTR
0.973, 0.002, 0.047 and 0.030, respectively. Although the two models had successful and
acceptable values, it was concluded that DTR was more successful and included less mistake
than SVR.
Keywords: Pension Funds, Support Vector Regression, Decision Tree Regression.
120
Asst.Prof., Akdeniz University, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Department of Management Information
Systems, Antalya-Turkey, mehmetkayakus@akdeniz.edu.tr
121 Lecturer, Akdeniz University, Korkuteli Vocational School, Department of Accounting and Taxation, Antalya-Turkey,
mterzioglu@akdeniz.edu.tr
67
EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
Terminological Transformation of Accounting in the Digital Age
Yuliia POPIVNIAK122
Abstract
The challenges of doing business in the digital age have become a new reality for enterprises
around the world. Continuous and rapid development of digital technologies penetrates into all
areas of activities and business processes of such enterprises, meanwhile neglect of this fact
threatens the company with the loss of competitive positions. Against this background,
accounting is undergoing transformation either, in particular in terms of its terminology, which
is associated with the tendency to expand the objects of accounting, types of business
operations, globalization of international cooperation, etc. Therefore, the aim of this study is to
research the process of modern accounting terminology internationalization in the digital age,
to analyze the relationship between scientific and professional accounting terms to improve
their understanding and proper usage by accounting information users, as well as between
accounting and general scientific concepts generated by digitalization. The objectives of the
article also apply to determining the degree and need to clarify new accounting terms at the
legislative level, admissibility of «digital» jargon use (mainly in English). The methodological
support provides for the use of empirical research methods and includes analysis of literature
sources on scientific and professional accounting topics, as well as other sources of information
(including official statistics). The result embraces directions for changes in modern accounting
terminology, its role and functions in the process of accounting scientific knowledge and daily
registration of business activities facts that develop under the influence of digital
transformations. Our study contributes to justify the need for the formation of the accountant’s
relevant terminological competencies (taking into account technical terminology and concepts
from other related sciences associated with the development of digital technologies and the
importance of their use in accounting work and accounting for innovative phenomena and
operations).
Keywords: Accounting, Digital Technologies, Terminology.
122
Associate Professor, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Faculty of Economics, Department of Accounting and
Auditing, Ukraine, yuliia.popivniak@lnu.edu.ua
68
EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
Impact of Donor Assistance on The Development of The Financial
Reporting System - The Case of Kosovo
Nazmi PLLANA123
Abstract
In all Eastern and Southeastern European countries, especially in the Balkan countries, in the
period of transition from the socialist to the capitalist system, decisive role has been the
assistance and financial and technical support of foreign donors. This has been especially
evident in Kosovo, where many changes have taken place within a relatively short period of ten
years. With the help of donors such as World Bank, USAID and EU, the necessary legal and
institutional infrastructure for financial reporting was established. This assistance resulted in
the adoption of the first legislation governing financial reporting issues: Regulation 2001/30 on
Financial Reporting of Business Organizations, then on the adoption of Kosovo Accounting
Standards, on the establishment of the Kosovo Financial Reporting Standards Board /KFRSB,
licensing of the Society of Certified Accountants and Auditors of Kosovo/SCAAK and the
licensing of the first auditors and the first certified accountants. This assistance has continued
to this day. Even the new financial reporting law no. 06 / L-032 on Accounting, Financial
Reporting and Auditing is the result of international donor-funded assistance. The purpose of
this study is to provide evidence and demonstrate the impact of donor assistance on developing
and enhancing the quality of financial reporting in Kosovo.
Keywords: Financial Reporting, Assistance, Donor.
123
Nsazmi Pllana, PhD Candidate, Lecturer at college University for Business and Technology in Pristina, Kosovo,
nazmipllana@gmail.com
69
EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
Merger-Driven Listing Dynamics
B. Espen ECKBO124
Markus LITHELL125
Abstract
After reaching a peak in 1996, the number of publicly listed firms in the U.S. declines by 50%.
To accurately gauge the flow of firms into and retained by stock exchanges, we add the targets
of public acquirers to the listing count. In particular, we adjust for mergers between public
firms, which retain target assets under public ownership, and acquisitions of private firms by
public firms. For the U.S., this merger-adjustment rivals IPOs and bankruptcies in its impact on
listing dynamics. Adjusting for de facto flows of firms eliminates the dramatic U.S. listing
decline from 1996-2020 and the subsequent listing gap relative other countries. Furthermore,
we show that the value of net firm inflows onto U.S. stock exchanges is roughly the same from
1980-1996 as 1997-2020: $1.7 versus $1.2 trillion, respectively. We also find that listing peaks
are surprisingly common internationally. More than three-quarters of the 74 countries in our
sample have fewer listed firms in 2020 than previously, with average declines of 48% in
advanced economies and 32% in developing and emerging economies. Moreover, the shapes
of international listing peaks are on average very similar to that of the U.S. listing peak - a prepeak incline followed by a rapid decline. However, while the U.S. post-peak decline largely
reflects mergers between public firms (retaining firms under public ownership), declines
elsewhere tend to move assets out of public markets - pointing to a relative U.S. listing
advantage. Finally, we report that the role of public firms in the aggregate U.S. economy does
not noticeably decline from 1996-2020; U.S. listed firms account for roughly the same fraction
of labor employment and GDP in 2020 as in 1996, while their contribution to R&D spending
and patenting increases.
Keywords: M&A, IPO, Merger, Public Listing, Listing Peak, Listing Gap.
124
125
Professor, Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth College, USA, b.espen.eckbo@tuck.dartmouth.edu
PhD student, Norwegian School of Economics (NHH), Norway, markus.lithell@nhh.no
70
EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
Assessing The Revenue Performance of The UAE VAT System
Shamsa Abdallah ALSALLOUM126
Miguel Angoitia GRIJALBA127
Abstract
The United Arab Emirates (UAE) enacted VAT legislation from 1 January 2018 to collect VAT
by taxing domestic supply of goods and services and importation thereof at a standard 5% rate.
However, the VAT legislation exempts certain goods and services from imposition of VAT and
also provides for zero-rating of specific goods and services. This article is structured to
summarize salient features of the UAE VAT system, including brief history, registration
mechanism, VAT rates, exemptions, VAT rules for e-commerce, anti-fraud rules, etc. The
authors will also evaluate the performance of the UAE VAT system by computing international
benchmarks such as VAT productivity ratio, VAT efficiency or C-efficiency ratio, gross
compliance ratio and VAT gap. Thereafter, these benchmarks will be compared with those
computed for the VAT system of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to determine whether the UAE
VAT system is practically more efficient or not. Factors contributing to revenue performance
of the UAE VAT system in conformity with the findings of existing research studies will also
be discussed. Towards the end of the article, the authors will propose certain recommendations
for further improving efficiency and effectiveness of the UAE VAT system in terms of revenue
collection and to guard against VAT frauds. As no previous research studies have been
conducted on the UAE VAT system or the VAT system in the VAT implementing Gulf
Cooperation Council (GCC) Member States (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Bahrein, Kuwait, Oman and
Qatar), this study is not only significant from this aspect but also will provide necessary
guidelines for the policy makers and the tax authorities to improve revenue performance of the
UAE VAT system.
Keywords: VAT, UAE, Gulf Cooperation Council, Economics, Taxation.
126
127
71
EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
Why Are They Here?
Dissecting The Intentions of Brazilian Exhibitors at Business Fairs
Paulo Reis MOURAO128
Debora SCHNEIDER129
Abstract
The objective of this study is to investigate motivations that lead companies to participate in
business fairs. The methodological procedures had a qualitative approach, with the data
collection performed through personal interviews with a semi-structured script. The population
of this study was companies from the Brazilian metalworking sector that participate as business
fair exhibitors. After the data treatment, a content analysis was performed. This procedure was
structured in three stages: analysis of the frequency of relevant terms, analysis of the association
of these terms and of the differentiated structure of discourses. According to this procedure, we
concluded that Brazilian business fair participants assume a complex set of intentions for
justifying their participation in this relevant source of social and professional networks.
Keywords: Exhibitors, Business Fairs, Strategic Management.
Prof. Dr. Paulo Reis Mourao, Department of Economics, University of Minho. 4700 Braga – Portugal,
paulom@eeg.uminho.pt
129 Res.Assist., Bogazici University, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Department of Business, MilanoItaly, fgh@boun.edu.tr
128
72
EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
Establishing An Integrative Model for Examining Employees’
Acceptance of Working from Home
Luisa KOLOCH130
Björn SCHÄFER131
Paul GOLDMANN132
Abstract
With the increasing level of digitalization, the possibilities for organizations having their
employees work from home have subsequently increased tremendously. While research in the
areas of telework, working from home (WFH) and home office can be called anything but
scarce, no theoretically grounded, integrative model explaining the acceptance of home office
by employees exist. From the Theory of Planned Behavior and based upon the technology
acceptance models – specifically TAM2 – we transferred a well-established theoretical lens to
the WFH context and established the Home Office Acceptance Model (HOAM). This
integrative model assists scholars in explaining organizational members’ attitude towards, and
behavioral intention to work from home when offered by their organization. Drawing upon
semi-structured interviews, we were able to validate the relations in our proposed model, but
also deepened our understanding of additional aspects: The experience of physical separation,
the personal suitability for working from home, the importance of perceived trust of the
supervisor and the perceived well-being of the employee all add to employees’ acceptance of
working from home. We thereby add to the current discussion by providing a basis for a
structured discourse, explicitly encouraging fellow researchers to adapt and add our model.
With HOAM we also provide a tool for practitioners to plan and analyze endeavors promoting
working from home in their organization. Therefore, working from home successfully depends
not exclusively on the provided technologies but also on adequate working conditions,
employees’ well-being and personal suitability. By examining organizational members’
acceptance of WFH, HOAM serves as an instrument to avoid employees’ resistance to change
or an increased turnover.
Keywords: Working from Home, Remote Work, Theory of Planned Behavior.
Luisa Koloch, Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Germany, Luisa.Koloch@ku.de
Dr. Björn Schäfer, Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Germany, Bjoern.Schaefer@ku.de
132 Dr. Paul Goldmann, Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Germany, Paul.Goldmann@ku.de
130
131
73
EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
Paradigm Wars in Management and Organization Science:
Postpositivism’s Death Star, A Critical Alliance, and The Dark
Side of The Force Strikes Back
Severin HORNUNG133
Abstract
Presented is a hermeneutic review and metaphorical narrative of the chronicle and current state
of the “paradigm wars” in Management and Organization Science (MOS). Highlighting this
contributions’ importance, acquaintance with MOS as a pluralistic field requires understanding
paradigms as different modes of meaning and knowledge-creation, but also as structural
demarcations and contested battle lines. Limited attention to these issues illustrates hegemonic
tendencies of paradigms, avoiding meta-paradigmatic discourse. The presentation consists of
two parts: First, theorizing on paradigms in MOS is reviewed, covering definitions, dimensions,
concepts, and classifications. Based on orientation towards regulation vs. radical change (order
vs. conflict) and assumed objective vs. subjective nature of social realities, a classic
conceptualization distinguishes functionalist and interpretive from radical structuralist and
humanistic paradigms. After adjustments, these converge with postpositive, interpretive,
critical, and postmodern discourses. Their main ontological (theory), epistemological
(methods), and axiological (objectives) foundations are reviewed, including paradigm
incommensurability, integration, pluralism, and dissolution. In the second part, reviewed
theorizing is applied to current discourses in MOS. Metaphorically appropriating a bricolage of
themes from a popular science-fiction movie saga, the evidence-based management approach
in MOS is portrayed as postpositivism’s “death star”, opposed and resisted by a “rebel alliance”,
identifying with the pluralistic paradigm of Critical Management Studies (CMS). Reviewing
the ensuing evidence-dispute suggests paradigm incommensurability. Allegorically, the “dark
side of the force” strikes back, in the form of internal controversy on anti- vs. critical
performativity (conflict vs. cooperation) within CMS, threatening paradigm fragmentation,
exposing contested boundaries between radically critical, interpretive, and postmodern
fractions. Following a recent contribution, theoretical grounding and critical-emancipatory
interest are suggested as central demarcation criteria. Discussed are steps for subsequent indepth analyses of identified discourses and further applications of theorizing on scientific
paradigms to better understand and navigate MOS as a pluralistic as well as a political field.
Keywords: Philosophy of Science, Research Paradigms, Critical Organizational Scholarship,
Academic Discourses, Incommensurability, Performativity, Metaphorical
Narrative.
133
Priv.-Doz. Dr., University of Innsbruck, Institute of Psychology, Austria, severin.hornung@uibk.ac.at
74
EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
Capturing Strategic Agility Footprint – An Exploratory Survey in
FTSE-MED Companies
Kyriakos CHRISTOFI134
Lycourgos HADJIPHANIS135
Pieris CHOURIDES137
Alexios KYTHREOTIS136
Abstract
This paper examines the organizational awareness regarding strategic agility. It aims to identify
the main areas that leading organizations emphasize, in order to cultivate strategic agility
capabilities. The existing literature lacks to provide a comprehensive and holistic framework
based on best practices and critical success factors. Consequently, this paper investigates the
organizations’ initiations towards strategic agility and the expected benefits. This paper follows
a deductive approach with structure questioner. After conducting a multidisciplinary literature
review, the key emergent concepts with their associated factors that contribute towards strategic
agility were identified. Then an exploratory survey was followed in order to investigate how
leading organizations approach and emphasize on those factors. The survey was conducted
between September 2020 and February 2021 for all public listed corporations based on the
FTSE-MED Index. Cultivation of strategic agility is organizations’ priority, and they believe
that the development of this capability will enhance their overall competitiveness under
turbulence environment. Organizations attempt to create multidimensional organizations and
tend to emphasize on the cultivation of an open culture that enhances external knowledge
maximization and internal connectivity. Hence, they emphasize on the creation of talent
management schemes and cross-functional collaboration. Additionally, they invest on
technologies that facilitate digitalization, accelerate big-data analysis and provide a secure and
integrated work environment. Finally, this paper detects that the development of strategic
agility is a collective responsibility by the totality of the executive team. This research examines
the phenomenon of strategic agility in a holistic manner. This holistic approach contributes to
the gap of the existing literature mentioned above. The findings can act as a profound
knowledge for all stakeholders. Specially, the findings can serve as a foundation for the
examination of the interactions and the interrelations of the identified factors, towards the
development of a strategic agility holistic framework.
Keywords: Strategic Agility, Turbulence Environment, Knowledge Connectivity.
134PhD
Candidate, European University Cyprus, Faculty of Marketing and Management, School of Business, Nicosia-Cyprus,
kc.181444@students.euc.ac.cy
135Assist. Prof, European University Cyprus, Faculty of Accounting,Economics and Finance, School of Business, NicosiaCyprus, A.kythreotis@euc.ac.cy
136 Assist. Prof, European University Cyprus, Faculty of Marketing and Management, School of Business, NicosiaCyprus,L.Hadjiphanis@euc.ac.cy
137 Assoc. Prof, European University Cyprus, Faculty of Marketing and Management, School of Business, NicosiaCyprus,P.chourides@euc.ac.cy
75
EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
Does An Increase in Robot Stocks Mean An Increase in Other
Intangible Investments?
Daria MARAVIĆ138
Tjaša REDEK139
Abstract
Globalization and technological development in the last decade have significantly reshaped
work and life in developed as well as in developing countries. Undoubtedly, the implementation
of robots continued the process of automation production and generated positive contributions
in the form of productivity. Consequently, increased productivity drives job creation and
contribute to a shift in demand for higher-skilled employees. Recent studies has showen that
the number of robots have been increasing fast, especially in selected industries like the
automotive, electrical and chemical. The knowledge-intense sectors have also seen an increase
in intangible investments. To best of our knowledge, this link has been underinvestigated in the
literature. In this sence, the aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship between robots
use and intangible investments. Methodologically, the paper relies on the econometric analysis
of industry-level data (EU Klems and International Federation of Robotics) in the EU
economies in the period between 2005 and 2017. The contributions of this paper will be
twofold. First, this research will be useful for governments in creating education policy and
encouraging of lifelong learning, and second for the business sectors, which are able to develop
an appropriate plan for the up- or re-skill of its workers with the greatest replacement
possibilities.
Keywords: Robots, Training, Intangible Investment.
138
Teachnig Assistant. Mag.oec., University of Rijeka, Faculty of Economics and Business, Rijeka, daria.maravic@efri.hr
Full professor, University of Ljubljana, Schoole of Economics and Business, Academic Unit for Economics, Slovenia,
tjasa.redek@ef.uni-lj.si
139
76
EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
The Duality of Working from Home:
A Technostress Perspective
Karin HOGBERG140
Anna HAGSTROM141
Abstract
During the COVID-19 crisis, many organizations rapidly adapted to a digital workplace. For
many employees, this meant that they were suddenly working from home, using digital
technologies. Although working from home and digital workplaces can involve positive
consequences for both individual employees and organizations, it can also induce stress. Stress
induced by technology is often referred to as technostress. Stress exists in every workplace and
is not bad per se. In fact, stress is a useful reaction to stimuli. There is a long tradition of studying
technostress in the workplace in several research field, such as Information Systems or Business
Administration. However, these studies have focused on negative aspects of technostress, e.g.
when employees interpret technology as a threat. Yet, few studies have investigates positive
outcomes of technostress, e.g. learning and motivation. Hence, both the negative and positive
aspects of technostress related from working from home during the COVID-19 crisis have not
yet been studied. The present study aimed to explore the role of technostress related to working
from home during crisis. A qualitative study have been conducted. In total, 52 interviews with
employees in three knowledge-intense firms, working from home during the COVID-19 crisis
have been conducted. The interviews were conducted during March 2020 to April 2021. The
study examined the experienced negative and positive technostress induced by working from
home during crisis. The results pointed out that employees experienced both positive and
negative technostress. For example the possibility of controlling digital presence at work,
functioned as a negative stressor for the employees. Furthermore, the lack of clear boundaries
between work and private life were a great negative stressor for the employees. However, the
possibility of managing one’s own time was experienced both as a positive and negative
stressor. Limitations, future research and practical implications are also discussed.
Keywords: Technostress, Working from Home, Digital Work, COVID-19, Organizational
Change.
140
141
Dr., Karin Högberg, University West, Department of Economics and Administration Sweden, karin.hogberg@hv.se
Anna Hagström, University West, Department of Economics and Administration Sweden, anna.hagstrom@hv.se
77
EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
Impact of Remote Working on The Employees during COVID-19
Pandemic – Conclusions from Creative Specialists and Software
Developers in The Perspective of The Age of Industry 4.0
Izabela HILLE142
Abstract
The objective of the article is identification of similarities in employees behavior and work
attitude toward remote working in times of COVID-19 pandemic. Evaluation is concerned on
employees of creative employees from different countries and business sectors. The author
conducted research on Polish and American creative specialists, including software developers.
Research conducted for this article in the first stage was qualitative, and in the second stage is
based on quantitative methodology and secondary data from American research. The qualitative
research conducted in Poland and was based on unstructured interviews with open-ended
questions in the form of self-report concerning workflows during remote working. The first
stage can be used as the starting point to next research of creative specialists from other
countries. The quantitative research is based on secondary data from a study conducted among
American employees of Microsoft Corporation. It was research made in the form of survey
during COVID-19 pandemic (March–May 2020). The conclusions from each of the stages of
research were used to create universal conclusions in the form of gathered key similarities and
differences in behavior and wellbeing of creative specialist from different countries during
remote working. The analysis included Industry 4.0 perspective – like market needs (e.g.
building innovation which require a combination of creativity and technical skills) or condition
of constant change. The research and analysis also reveals the potential for future research in
the other countries and business sectors.
Keywords: Remote Working, COVID-19, Creative Specialists.
142
Mgr, Department of Management, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland, Izabela.hille@dokt.p.lodz.pl
78
EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
Snapshot into Aspects of The Organizational Culture that
Influence Individuals’ Resistance to Change
Diana Andreea FIRICAN143
Abstract
Resistance to change is considered one of the biggest challenges that change initiatives face
within organizations and one of the main reasons for organizational change failure. Change
management models address resistance to change unanimously, even if they do so to different
degrees and in different ways. Resistance to change is perceived as a given and, in most cases,
the suggested avenues to reduce it are general and vague, rather than specific and tailored to the
context where a particular change is initiated. The resistance to change is both pre-existent to
the change initiative, as well as generated by the characteristics of the respective change, such
as magnitude or timing, for example. This paper focuses on the aspects of the organizational
culture that influence the pre-existent resistance to change. Being aware of the existing culture,
whether change-friendly or not, can help change initiators better design their change
management tools and techniques. Secondly, understanding the existing culture could lead to a
better understanding of the change resistance in the case where the change initiative also brings
a change of culture with itself. Last, but not least, creating a change-friendly culture beforehand
has the potential to reduce the change management efforts within any subsequent change the
organization will initiate. The present literature review gathers the aspects of the organizational
culture that influence the individuals’ resistance to change and their relation, at the same time
suggesting other aspects of culture that could be taken into consideration and additional
research needed to turn culture into a catalyst for organizational change.
Keywords: Change Management, Organizational Culture, Resistance to Change.
143
The Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania, diana.firican@gmail.com
79
EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
The Relationship between Organizational Values and
Organizational Success
Marge KÄIGE144
Eneken TITOV145
Abstract
Organizational values are the center of the organization, influencing everything around it - the
organization´s identity, culture, strategic goals, decisions, management style and values reveal
in employee behavior, ethics, creativity and commitment. Organizations where values are
considered important and are led by values, have been found to be more successful and
sustainable in a long-term. Value-based organizations are more flexible, less bureaucratic and
employees are more committed and willing to contribute more to the success of the
organization. There is no unique definition of success. Organization´s measure and define
success differently, making it a challenge for both managers and researchers. Several
researchers have defined success as organization ability to achieve its goals and long-term
sustainability and development of the organization have been considered important indicators
of success. Regardless of how organizations define their success, it is more important to
understand what are the indicators that help to achieve success. In addition to financial
indicators, non-financial indicators have been taken into account of which organizational
culture has been considered the most important. It has been found that if organizational culture
is strong the financial results of the organization are significantly better. There are many
researches of organizational values but the relationship between organizational values and
success is a mostly unexplored field. Exploring the relationship between organizational values
and success in an organization is important to ensure that the organization's values, goals,
strategy, activities and decisions are consistent with each other in order for the organization to
be sustainable and achieve greater success. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to explore the
impact of values on organizational success.
Keywords: Organizational Values, Success, Sustainability.
144
145
Marge Käige, Student of Estonian Entrepreneurship University of Applied Sciences, Tallinn, Estonia
PhD Eneken Titov, Estonian Entrepreneurship University of Applied Sciences, Tallinn, Estonia, eneken@eek.ee
80
EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
Systemic Agility, A Gauge to Measure Companies’ Adaptation to
Their Volatile, Uncertain, Complex and Ambiguous Operational
Environment
Xavier BRONLET146
Abstract
Our operating environment is always more Volatile, Uncertain, Complex and Ambiguous, it
requires constant adaptation for individuals and organisation structures. Technology plays an
important role in the mutation of our environment, reshaping the human reality up to the way
people relate to each other under the pressure of the environment. This briefly describes some
characteristics of a change of era more than an era of change. Thanks to an optimal adaptation
to their context, companies may thrive despite the turbulent environment. But how to measure
that adaptation? The systemic agility (SA) model provides cultural indicators to position
organizations in the continuum between the modern and post-modern era and turbulence
indicators that measure the character VUCA of the operating environment. The research has
highlighted that not only a consistent SA measure contributes to wellbeing in the organization
but also the alignment of the domains that compound it play a role in reducing tensions and
stress. SA is made of 6 domain that are: the sense of purpose, the management practices, the
organization practices, the information flow, the methods and the behaviours. Endogenous
variables such as Collective Intelligence and Adaptability are calculated using specific items
picked out the domains. The organizational assessment is mainly quantitative and executed
through on online assessment administered to the complete organization or a representative
panel. The validation of the model has been done by analysing 26 organizations and collecting
1110 individual observations to illustrate the relationship between the variables and the
outcome of this research provides more clarity on the conditions that make agile practices (or
new way of working) efficient or not. It provides direction to organization to adapt to the
changing context, leveraging on sciences.
Keywords: Adaptation, Quantitative, VUCA.
146
Part-time Prof., SUPSI University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, xavier.bronlet@supsi.ch
81
EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
Research Publication collaborationS:
Data Structuring and Visualization
Logunova O.S.147
Koroleva V.V.148
Arkulis M.B.149
Abstract
The research is aimed at increasing the reliability of information about the structure of research
publication collaborations and their visual presentation to take decisions on efficiency of
research activities of groups according to the policy and strategy on development of science
and technology in the Russian Federation. The research is structured to complete two tasks:
structuring data on research publication collaborations and their visualization as a directed
multigraph with multiple edges. Features of the proposed visualization methods are not only a
presentation of a structure and relations inside the collaboration, but also results of taking
decisions whether they are true or false according to fuzzy logic. A generalized technique of
data structuring and visualization is tested on a set of data for 2018 taken from a scientific
electronic library for researchers of one of flagship universities. This technique is universal and
requires standard procedures of automated parsing to structure information. To achieve the
results, we used methods of structuring information for a data base and data warehouse, a graph
theory and a decision theory. As a result, the paper presents a generalized technique of
transformation and multi-stage visualization of information about research publication
collaborations.
Keywords: Publication Collaborations, Information Structure of Collaborations, Criteria of
False Collaborations, Collaboration Visualization.
147
Prof. Dr., Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University, Magnitogorsk, Russia, logunova66@mail.ru
PhD, 1Kazan State Agrarian University, Russia, taisa_67@mail.ru
149 PhD, Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University, Magnitogorsk, Russia, arkulis78@mail.ru
148
82
EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
Impact of Organization Silence on Innovative Behaviour:
Fostering Creativity of Education
Laima JESEVICIUTE-UFARTIENE150
Abstract
Organizational silence is perceived as a negative phenomenon in an organization. It inhibits
innovation in the organization. As the purpose of the education system is to teach children
creativity and critical thinking it is obligated that teachers themselves must perform bravely
critical and creative thinking. However, there is a gap in the scientific literature of the welldefined relationship between organizational silence and innovative behaviour. To evaluate the
impact of organization silence on teachers’ innovative behaviour in the Lithuanian education
sector. A questionnaire survey was designed to solve the purpose of this article. Created and
approved questionnaire combined such scales as organizational silence and voice, the
confidence of an individual, employees group and organization, the creativity of environment
KEYS scale, innovative behaviour in organization scale and created a scale of 12 criteria for
fostering creativity in an organization. The survey involved 483 staff teachers from educational
institutions all over Lithuania. Reliability analyses showed suitable Crombach Alpha for each
group of questionnaire elements. Thus research data could be perceived as credible. Based on
the analysis of linear regression in the model applied to educational institutions, four
interrelated objects become important - the voice of employees, the promotion of creativity, the
promotion of group creativity and innovative behaviour. A common tool for assessing
organizational silence, voice, and innovative behaviour has been developed that can be used in
a specific educational institution to assess and find links between employee management of
silence, voice, and innovative behaviour. The research conducted in the work is significant for
educational institutions, but deeper research should be made to analyse the reasons of
organizational silence appearance in an organization.
Keywords: Organization Silence, Innovative Behavior, Creativity, Education.
150
Prof. Dr., Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Faculty of Business Management, Department of Management,
Lithuania, laima.jeseviciute-ufartiene@vilniustech.lt
83
EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
A Study on The Impact of Covid-19 Epidemic Conditions on
Consumer Behavior
Tijen ZEYBEK151
Ayse Gozde KOYUNCU152
Abstract
A virus epidemic that affects the whole world in many ways would inevitably affect the thinking
strategies and emotions of humankind. The human mind begins to ask questions with the
uncertainties that arise when deviating from the normal and routines. Automatically the
uncertainties about the future, how the lives of their own and loved ones will be affected by
this, where the world will evolve, and similar concerns, begin to emerge in the human mind.
Uncertainty is unpredictable and uncontrollable which drives people to fear and anxiety. This
is a situation that shakes the reassuring feeling of life. People have to reduce these emotions to
a tolerable level to cope and survive. Along with many other definitions, today's society is
defined as a consumption society. Consuming can be considered as a lifestyle that requires
constant shopping and can be seen as a way of feeling to be alive. The Covid19 epidemic
severely restricts the maintenance of this lifestyle. People are deprived of the shopping activity
they spent hours before. Although businesses are trying to meet this need of the crowds through
online shopping and home delivery method, this new and "one" way does not give the
satisfaction of the old. On the other hand, significant changes should be expected in the
consumption habits of people who spend more time at home than ever before and whose
lifestyle has undergone a radical change. Various studies show that the necessity to use masks
has brought changes in women's makeup purchasing habits. The dramatic increase in the time
spent at home and the necessity to work from home made the lifestyle and the needs of this life
unnecessary in many dimensions. However, there is no doubt that there is an effort to fill the
void. The question of what kind of changes the new "normal" has caused in human needs and
consumption is an extremely important question both in socio-economic and sociopsychological terms. The study aims to understand the direction of change in purchasing
behaviours of today's society and within this scope, a questionnaire was applied to 618
participants of various age and occupational groups living in TRNC. The results obtained could
make an important contribution to the understanding of the future society and its consumption
trends that are currently being shaped.
Keywords: Consumer Behavior, Covid-19 Pandemic, Buying Behavior.
151
Dr., Near East University, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Department of Business, Nicosia, North
Cyprus, tijen.zeybek@neu.edu.tr
152 Assist. Prof. Dr., Near East University, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Department of Business,
Nicosia, North Cyprus, aysegozde.koyuncu@neu.edu.tr
84
EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
Positive Leadership in Virtual Teams
Anna-Sophie RISCH153
Abstract
Positive leadership, a strengths-based leadership approach, has recently been gaining attention
and acceptance both in academia and in practice. More and more companies (e.g. IKEA) have
implemented the Positive Leadership approach in their organisation or are in the process of
doing so. The main reason for this are the positive effects of the leadership approach on
employees and the entire organisation, which have been proven by studies. Due to globalisation
and digitalisation, but also due to phenomena such as the current Corona pandemic, more and
more companies are working together virtually or in virtual teams. This raises the question of
how Positive Leadership can be lived in virtual teams and thus provide added value for each
employee, but also for the entire organisation, in the future. So far, there are no valid approaches
to this neither in science nor in practice. The aim of this research project is to reduce this
theoretical and practical research gap. For this purpose, a literature review of the two areas
"Positive Leadership" and "Virtual Teams" of this intersection topic will be compiled at the
beginning and then the results will be brought together in a synthesis. Based on this, an
empirical-qualitative study consisting of three phases will be conducted. The empirical study
will consist of a (1) preliminary & (2) main study and an (3) evaluation. It is expected that the
focus of the investigation will be on leadership behaviour, which is why the PERMA model
according to Seligmann will be the determining factor for the empirical study. With the help of
the results of the literature review of previous studies and the newly generated results of the
present research project, concrete recommendations for action are to be derived on how Positive
Leadership can be lived and promoted in virtual teams. This paper presents the planes research
proposal for the purpose of answering the research question how Positive Leadership can be
lived and fostered within virtual teams.
Keywords: Positive Organisational Scholarship, Positive Leadership, Virtual Teams.
153 Res.Assist., Catholic University Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Department of
HRM, Ingolstadt-Germany, asrisch@ku.de
85
EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
Crossing Disciplines: Investigating The Role and Relevance of
Compassion-Focused Leadership in Management
Célia ROUSSET154
Vinzenz KRAUSE155
Abstract
With the perspective of moving from a model where humanity serves the economy towards a
model where the economy serves humanity, more and more attention in practice and research
is being brought to the human experience at work. At the same time, many companies today
are going through profound transformations in the hope of remaining relevant within their
markets – creating in the process a considerable amount of “pain” in their organization – and
in doing so face an even greater challenge to keep their employees engaged and committed.
Initial research has proven that compassion matters in leadership, and that it has an impact on
psychological well-being, employee engagement and intent to turnover. Despite a growing
literature in the field of psychotherapy and in the healthcare industry, academic research on
compassion and compassionate leadership is almost non-existent. The article attempts to fill the
research gap between the fields of psychotherapy and management (e.g. leadership), and aims
at contributing to a growing body of literature. Following a two-step approach, this paper first
undertakes a systematic-based literature review to examine the broader compassion literature.
Second, in order to triangulate the theoretical analysis, the article empirically investigates this
topic through qualitative interviews with coaches, leaders and employees to reveal the currently
applied concepts in management practice. This approach is intended to illustrate what can be
transferred from one field of study (e.g. Compassion-Focused Therapy) to another (e.g.
Compassion-Focused Leadership), as well as to show that “compassion” is not only an ancient
philosophical precept, but rather contains elements that are of great importance to companies
in order to master the challenges they face. Overall, the article provides more insights on the
concept of compassionate leadership including its most important elements derived from theory
and practice. It also should serve as a basis for further research.
Keywords: Compassion, Compassionate Leadership, Transformation.
154
155
Célia Rousset, PhD Candidate, Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Germany, rousset.celia@gmail.com
Vinzenz Krause, PhD Candidate, Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Germany, vinzenz.krause@ku.de
86
EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
Organizational Culture and Organizational Climate Research
A Systematic Literature Review
Thomas MOSER156
Tatjana SEIBT157
Josef NEUERT158
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a growing understanding of the organizational culture as an
important predictor of organizational effectiveness, reflecting behavioral norms and
expectations of employees at the organizational level. Corporate climate addresses the
perception of the psychological influence of the working environment on the well-being and
performance of employees. The purpose of this paper is to systematically review actual
literature to determine similarities and differences between the two concepts. The results of this
analysis identify the limitations in the differentiation between both concepts and suggest a
holistic perspective for the further research on organizational culture and climate. This synthesis
of current research will render help to scientists and practitioners aiming to address this topic.
Keywords: Organizational Culture, Organizational Climate, Systematic Literature Review.
156
Thomas Moser, USC Business School University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland-Australia, tm@thomas-moser.eu
Prof. Dr. Tatjana Seibt, University of Applied Management, Munich-Germany, tatjana.seibt@fham.de
158 Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. Josef Neuert, SMBS University of Salzburg Business School, Salzburg-Austria, josef.neuert@smbs.at
157
87
EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods in Political Sciences
Arezina VERA159
Spasojevic NENAD160
Abstract
Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods are applied in Political and other Social Sciences
in order to conduct research and achieve or verify scientific knowledge. We will point out how
to apply different approaches such as postpositivist, constructivist, grounded theory and others.
The aim of this paper is to explain the advantages of qualitative methods - interview, focus
group, observation or quantitative methods – survey, scales, etc. Besides, we will explain how
to conduct research in Political Sciences by using some mixed methods, such as data analysis.
Mix methods combine certain elements from qualitative and quantitative methods such as the
research question, data collection or data analysis. We will point out several mixed research
designs, known as a third wave, developed by methodologists Creswell, Morgan or Tashakkori.
Keywords: Qualitative, Quantitative Methods.
159
Assistant Prof. Dr., Arezina Vera, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Political Sciences, Serbia, v.arezina@yahoo.com,
vera.arezina@fpn.bg.ac.rs
160 Spasojevic Nenad, MA, Ph.D student, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Political Sciences, Serbia,
nenadspasojevic96@gmail.com
88
EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
Evaluating The Effect of Precautions to Covid-19 Pandemic on
Service Quality in Airports
Mehmet Mutlu AKINCI161
Sevcan KILIC AKINCI162
Abstract
After Covid-19 pandemic, there has been a significant global decrease from 4.5 billion in 2019
to 1.5 billion in 2020 in the passenger volumes traveling by airline, which depicts 66% drop as
the sharpest decline in the aviation history. Since the virus have been transported to many
countries by airline passengers, precautions against Covid-19 pandemic in airlines and airports
are vital until vaccinations are completed on earth, because the precautions taken in the airports
will have the effect to slow down the spread of viruses. This paper aims to search the effects of
the precautions against Covid-19 pandemic on service quality in airports, which is done in two
ways. Firstly, each of the airports were evaluated individually according to “service quality
levels” and “precautions employed against Covid-19 pandemic”, and a ranking among airports
is provided. Secondly the airports were evaluated in terms of “service quality” and “precautions
against Covid-19 pandemic” as a whole. As methodology, this paper uses the multi-criteria
decision-making methods (MCDM) to evaluate service quality and precautions to covid-19
pandemic in airports. This method is used for the same purpose for several industries in
academic literature, and the paper contributes to apply it to airlines. In MCDM, firstly the
weights of the criteria were obtained by using the Entropy method. Then, using these weights,
the airports were sorted by ARAS method. The aim of the study is to provide information to
consumers and airlines to choose airports that optimize both precautions against pandemic and
total service quality during pandemic.
Keywords: Service Quality in Airports, Precautions Against Covid-19 Pandemic, MCDM.
161
Assist. Prof. Dr., Erzurum Technical University, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Department of
Econometrics, Erzurum-Turkey, mehmet.akinci@erzurum.edu.tr, ORCID 0000-0003-0175-9134
162 Assist. Prof. Dr., Erzurum Technical University, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Department of
Business Administration, Erzurum-Turkey, sevcan.akinci@erzurum.edu.tr, ORCID 0000-0003-3315-6346
89
EBOR Conference
(International Conference)
Poland
21th-22th-23th May 2021
Cognitive Biases: A Text-Mining Driven Scientific Literature
Approach
Valentina SALE163
Antonella MARTINI164
Filippo CHIARELLO165
Abstract
Our thinking process is averse to change. We as humans avoid uncertainty, and therefore we
seek constant confirmation of our thoughts and we try to keep our perceptions to remain the
same. These behaviours may be attributed to phenomena known as Cognitive Biases, which are
systematic patterns of deviation from norm, leading to irrationality. Knowing how cognitive
biases affect and influence mental processes represents a challenging task for researchers.
Cognitive biases’ field is broad enough not to be understood and analysed in a single picture,
leading to the need of dividing it into single smaller problems to manage. Several studies have
been conducted with the purpose of analysing and mapping the cognitive biases’ literature, the
majority of which are qualitative mapping studies, based on subjective and not scientific
methods. The aim of this work is to analyse the cognitive biases’ literature by means of textmining techniques, in an efficient, solid, and replicable approach. The purpose is also to provide
researchers and industrial users with an instrument to “navigate” the field, both to enrich and
enlarge it with new knowledge and to solve practical and real problems linked to cognitive
biases. The proposed approach is based on a methodology which exploits the combination of
three steps of analysis: a descriptive analysis for the identification of patterns of information
and their evolution, an evaluative analysis for “co-citation” exploration, and a text-based
analysis for the analysis of words (cognitive biases), co-occurrences, and frequencies. While
the analyses are still running, preliminary results about the descriptive analysis have been
obtained, showing paper’s distribution among the subject areas, paper’s publication growth
over time and their geographical distribution. More comprehensive considerations will be
drawn from the evaluative and the text-based analyses in the upcoming work.
Keywords: Cognitive Bias, Literature Review, Text-Mining.
163
Valentina Sale, School of Engineering (DESTEC), University of Pisa, Italy, v.sale1@studenti.unipi.it
Prof. Antonella Martini, School of Engineering (DESTEC), University of Pisa, Italy, antonella.martini@unipi.it
165 Dr., Filippo Chiarello, School of Engineering (DESTEC), University of Pisa, Italy, filippo.chiarello@unipi.it
164
90
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21th-22th-23th May 2021
Effects of COVID-19 Lockdowns over Anxiety and Depression
Cristina VILAPLANA-PRIETO166
Abstract
The covid-19 pandemic has been an external shock exerting detrimental effects on wellbeing
through several channels, including the individual’s exposure to risk of contagion and to the
policy measures to fight the pandemic. We exploit the differential timing of the effect of the
pandemic across European countries, and the different stringency of lockdown measures over
anxiety and depression. We use publicly available for 22 European countries from an online
survey conducted globally between March 20th and April 6th and also include information from
the level of restrictions in daily life (measured by the COVID-19 Government Response
Stringency Index) and of the epidemiological risk exposure effects (current and delayed) on
anxiety and depression. We draw in an event study, and both a difference in differences and a
regression discontinuity design to obtain reliable estimates of the effect. We document that
although lockdown increases the average symptoms of depression and anxiety in 4.12% and
6.27%, if it takes place once the pandemic has reached a category five (according to the
Pandemic Category Index), there is a strong mitigating effect on wellbeing (captured by
symptoms of depression and anxiety). That is, although the increase in mortality to category 5
increases depressive and anxiety symptoms by 5.57% and 14.04% respectively, if this
circumstance coincides with the obligation of home confinement, the increase in the level of
depression is reduced to 1.01%, and anxiety drops to 10.30%. However, there is great
heterogeneity in the cumulative effect of confinement in a situation of high mortality. Taking
into account the household income, the level of depression (anxiety) increases by 7.843%
(4.021%) in the lowest income quartile as compared to the highest one.
Keywords: Mental Health, COVID-19, Pandemic, Subjective Wellbeing, Stringency Index.
166
Assoc. Prof. Dr., University of Murcia, Faculty of Economics and Business, Spain, cvilaplana@um.es
91
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21th-22th-23th May 2021
Do Public Subsidies Crowd Out Private Investments?
Evidence from Georgia’s Micro and Small Business Support
Program
Sophiko SKHIRTLADZE167
Zurab ABRAMISHVILI168
Giorgi PAPAVA170
Irakli BARBAKADZE169
Abstract
This paper evaluates state support program for micro and small enterprises in the Republic of
Georgia. The program awarded government subsidies to firms if their business plans scored
above a certain threshold. We use a sharp regression discontinuity design to study the impact
of these government subsidies on firm-level outcomes. We complement administrative data
from the implementing agency, Enterprise Georgia, with a firm-level survey of both program
beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries to examine a wide range of economic and social outcomes.
We find a significant positive impact on participating firms' investment in the program's first
year. We also find a weak evidence of public subsidies crowding out private investments in the
subsequent years. The state support program appears to have not affected sales, employment or
access to additional finance for beneficiary firms even at the program's early stages. The results
are robust to different specifications.
Keywords: Regression Discontinuity Design, State Support Program, Policy Evaluation.
167
Prof. Dr., Sophiko Skhirtladze, Faculty member, ISET, s.skhirtladze@iset.ge
Prof. Dr., Zurab Abramishvili, Faculty member, ISET, z.abramishvili@iset.ge
169 Reseaercher, PhD student, University of Reading, iraklibarbaqadze1@yahoo.com
170 Researcher, ISET, giorgi g.papava@iset.ge
168
92
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21th-22th-23th May 2021
An Example of a Dynamic Variable Selection by a Genetic
Algorithm in the Large State-Space Model Averaging Scheme*
Krzysztof DRACHAL171
Abstract
Financial time-series are usually hard to forecast. First of all, nowadays dealing with a so-called
big data is a common challenge. In particular, a researcher willing to construct an econometric
problem has at first to reasonably select explanatory variables for the model. However, in many
cases the set of important explanatory variables change in time. Moreover, the relationship
between a given explanatory variable and the forecasted time-series can also be time-varying.
Forecast combination approach, contrary to model selection procedures, is found to be
beneficial in such cases (if performed in a dynamic way). Especially, the Bayesian methods
(like Bayesian Model Averaging, Dynamic Model Averaging, etc.) are found useful in such
cases. Unfortunately, when the number of potentially important explanatory variables is very
large, such methods cannot be directly applied due to computational issues. For example, the
number of linear regression models possible to be constructed grows exponentially with the
number of potentially important explanatory variables to be included in this model. Herein, a
genetic algorithm is used to reduce the number of the component models in model averaging
scheme. Basing on the oil price data simulations, it is empirically verified that the initial forecast
combination scheme and its genetic algorithm based modification lead to similar forecasting
conclusions (for spot oil price). Several parameters are checked. As a result, the described
method is believed to be useful in econometrics and quantitative methods in general as a good
tool for forecasting financial time-series.
Keywords: Forecast Combination, Forecasting, Genetic Algorithm, Model Averaging, Model
Uncertainty, Oil Price, Variable Selection.
171
Dr., Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Warsaw, Poland, kdrachal@wne.uw.edu.pl
* Research funded by the grant of the National Science Centre, Poland, under the contract number DEC-2018/31/B/HS4/02021.
93
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21th-22th-23th May 2021
Examining FoMO Triggered by Retargeted Advertisements on
Young People
Ivan De BATTISTA172
Franco CURMI173
Emanuel SAID174
Abstract
New forms of online targeted advertising have become increasingly appealing over traditional
advertising over recent years. Marketers are opting for retargeted advertisements to reach their
audiences in a personalised style. These advertisements are displayed on the user screen after
navigating away without acting following, for example, a visit to a product website. In this case,
the advertisements’ effectiveness is augmented by matching the presented offering to the
consumer’s personal interest. Furthermore, some retargeted advertisements carry messages
which can also amplify the fear of missing out (FoMO). Very few studies examine FoMO in
consumer behaviour, with most literature over the past decade focusing mainly on FoMO as a
phenomenon in social media and internet addiction. Our study extends our understanding of
FoMO among young people as a result of exposure to retargeted advertisements that amplify
scarcity or urgency. Young people are known to be more susceptible to advertising influence
and hence, could be most potentially vulnerable in this advertising perspective. From an initial
scoping study and two systematic literature reviews of earlier empirical works, we observe five
themes that relate to fear, lost opportunities, retargeted advertisements, scarcity, and urgency.
We conducted an initial survey that focused on these themes, consisting of 26 main items
administered among young people, aged between 13 and 24. Our study, involving 271
participants, identifies and classifies four factors through an exploratory factor analysis. The
findings suggest that young people do not feel inferior to their friends when they miss out on
products advertised on retargeting advertisements. However, they can feel disappointed when
they miss out on a product and find out that it is not available anymore or the price has increased.
Keywords: Retargeted Advertisements, Fear of Missing Out, Young People.
172
Ph.D. Student, University of Malta, Faculty of Economics, Management & Accountancy,
ivan.debattista.19@um.edu.mt
173 Dr., University of Malta, Faculty of Economics, Management & Accountancy, Malta, franco.curmi@um.edu.mt
174 Dr., University of Malta, Faculty of Economics, Management & Accountancy, Malta, emanuel.said@um.edu.mt
94
Malta,
EBOR Conference
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21th-22th-23th May 2021
How Does Customer Engagement Value Occur in Restaurants?
A Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) Perspective
Ebru TUMER KABADAYI175
Nilsah CAVDAR AKSOY176
Pınar BAYDOGAN TURKAY177
Abstract
Being engaged with customers creates value for firms by enabling them to keep their customers
who make purchases, spread their experiences through suggestions to other customers, share
their knowledge with the firm through several different ways such as providing feedback. The
customer engagement value, which includes the customer’s transactional and non-transactional
behaviors, has a vital role in the service industry where more frequent purchases and more
instant customer interactions occur compared to industries that provide tangible products. The
aim of this study is to explain how the customer engagement value occurs in the service industry
through the example of restaurants based on directly environment-related dimensions such as
physical environment elements (facility aesthetics, ambience, lighting, table setting, layout,
service staff), brand-related feelings of customers such as love, and customer experience with
the related restaurant. In this context, the physical environment in restaurants as a stimulus,
brand love as an organism, and customer engagement value-related dimensions (customer
lifetime value, customer influence value, customer knowledge value, and customer referral
value) as a response constitute the research framework of the study generated from the stimulusorganism-response theory. 685 respondents were surveyed via the online survey method, and
the gathered data were analyzed through structural equation modeling. Research findings show
that physical environment elements in restaurants positively affect brand love, and brand love
positively affects customer engagement value-related dimensions. Moreover, brand love
mediates the relationships between physical environment elements and customer engagement
value-related dimensions in our study. Finally, it has been observed that customer experience
moderates the relationship between the physical environment in restaurants and brand love. The
findings of this study will contribute to future research and practice to utilize the power of
understanding the value exchange between firms and customers based on engagement
perspective and developing strategies according to gathered customer insight.
Keywords: Customer Engagement Value, Brand Love, Physical Environment, Customer
Experience.
175
Prof., Gebze Technical University, Faculty of Business Administration, Turkey, tumer@gtu.edu.tr
Dr., Albeka Consulting, Turkey, nilsah.aksoy@albekaconsulting.com
177 Res. Assist., Piri Reis University, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Turkey, pbaydogan@pirireis.edu.tr
176
95
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21th-22th-23th May 2021
Is It Time for A Crisis of Trust? Case of CD Projekt RED Game
Development Studio and Their “Masterpiece” – Cyberpunk
Premiere
Michał NOWICKI178
Abstract
Customer trust, customer loyalty and brand image are very important aspects used in shaping
the competitiveness of a organization. Processes of building and strengthening them require
significant expenditure of time and financial resources, and are influenced by many factors from
various functional spheres - marketing and promotion, quality management, customer service,
communication, after-sales service, and many others… Practice provides a lot of evidence that
it is very hard to build brand image and customer loyalty, but it is very easy to ruin them. That
is why the aim of the article is to revive the discussion within the above-mentioned issues.
Considerations are carried out in relation to the computer games and electronic entertainment
industry, where in recent times there have been a few very glaring cases showing a rather lighthearted attitude to the issue of taking care of the image and brand, and, consequently, customer
loyalty. The empirical part of the article focuses on the case of the CD Projekt RED
development studio and the events accompanying the Cyberpunk premiere, game which before
its market launch was advertised to be announced as a "pearl", "masterpiece", "something
wonderful". The reality, however, brought a quick and brutal verification of the promises and
hopes placed in the project. To keep the long thing short, it was a failure of almost astronomical
proportions… On the day of its premiere, Cyberpunk turned out not only to be significantly
constrained in relation to the announced (advertised) version, but also incomplete, badly
optimized and poorly tested. As a result, the company found itself in a crisis situation not only
in terms of the image, but also with significant financial implications. When analyzing the
above situation in the article, answers to the following questions are sought: 1) Was it possible
to prevent it and how? 2) What are its measurable effects and consequences? 3) What to do to
prevent a similar situation in the future? 4) How to regain lost brand image and customer trust,
if it is possible at all?
Keywords: Brand, Image Crisis, Crisis of Trust, Customer Loyalty.
178
Dr inż. Michał Nowicki, TUL: Faculty of Managament and Production Engineering, Poland, michal.nowicki@p.lodz.pl
96
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21th-22th-23th May 2021
A Research on The Effect of Increasing Death Anxiety in COVID19 Pandemic on Hedonic and Utilitarian Consumption Behavior
of Consumers
Kadir DELIGOZ179
Abstract
Outbreaks are a reality that has always existed in the history of the world and caused many
people to die. The Covid-19 outbreak that started in China in 2019 has spread rapidly all over
the world. It is clear that the pandemic influences consumers' emotions or utilitarian or rational
behaviors in purchasing decisions. The aim of this study is to demonstrate It is to determine
how effective the hedonic and utilitarian consumption trend is on the consumption behavior of
consumers while the Covid-19 epidemic continues. Research the east of Turkey Erzurum is
one of the largest provinces was made in the province. 447 consumers participated in the
research. Correlation and regression analysis were used to test the hypotheses developed for the
purpose of the study. As a result of the research, there is a positive trend between consumer
death anxiety and hedonic consumption; It was determined that there is a negative relationship
with utilitarian consumption. In addition, a negative and moderate relationship was found
between hedonic consumption behavior and utilitarian consumption behavior. Hedonic
consumers tend to have higher perceived death anxiety than those with utilitarian consumption
tendencies.
Keywords: Hedonic Consumption, Utilitarian Consumption, Death Anxiety.
179
Assist. Prof. Dr., Ataturk University, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Erzurum, Turkey,
kadir.deligoz@atauni.edu.tr
97
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21th-22th-23th May 2021
Poland in Global Value Chains
Aleksandra NACEWSKA-TWARDOWSKA180
Abstract
The changes taking place in the world economy affect all entities (countries, economic
organizations or MNEs) participating in it through financial and trade connections. Due to the
fragmentation in world production, world trade is increasingly linked to global production
chains (GVC). Globalization of trade flows together with the dynamic development of Asian
countries affects the trade of all countries around the world. New networks of global production
are changing and form new dimensions. This dynamic structure is continually shifting. In such
conditions, individual countries and regions change their position and how they participate in
the global economy. These violent processes have a big impact on smaller economies that must
adapt to the changes taking place. Individual countries adapt their internal policies to the
requirements of a transforming world and, in turn, influence other countries. Also Poland,
although it has been a member of the European Union for over 15 years, not only continues to
adapt its economy to regional challenges, but at the same time has to respond to global
challenges through global production networks. The aim of the article is to investigate and
present trade relationships occurring in global value chains on a global scale and their impact
on the Polish economy. The article will analyze the changes that have taken place since the
mid-1990s. Against this background, it will be possible to indicate how Polish participation in
the GVC and the role of Poland in the European region and in the context of the world economy
have changed. The data will illustrate the shift in polish participation and position in global
value chains.
Keywords: Global Value Chain, GVC, Trade, GVC Participation, GVC Position.
180
PhD., University of Łódź, Faculty of Economics and Sociology, Poland, aleksandra.nacewska-twardowska@uni.lodz.pl
98
EBOR Conference
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21th-22th-23th May 2021
Composite Indicator for Economic Integration Maturity:
The Case of Western-Balkan Countries
Viktória ENDRŐDI-KOVÁCS181
Oleg TANKOVSKY182
Abstract
Despite the current pandemic situation, at this moment it seems that Serbia and Montenegro are
going to join the EU in 2025, following by other Western Balkan countries. It is supported by
the fact that the economic performance of these countries has been appreciated since the
previous accession rounds. The paper discusses the integration maturity of the following
Western-Balkan countries: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, North Macedonia,
and Serbia. The analysis covers the period of 2006 and 2019. The main question is how they
evolved in the last 15 years, what results have already been achieved and which the weakest
points of their potential accession are. The paper suggests that although these countries are
about to fulfill the economic part of the Copenhagen criteria (functioning market economy)
they are not fully prepared to join the EU markets from an economic perspective. To prove this,
the paper uses statistical methodology and forms a new composite indicator that covers most of
the economic criteria recently suggested by the European Commission. Based on data analysis
it can be examined how successfully these countries would exploit the economic stimulating
effects of joining the economic integration. After data collection and standardization with the
assist of principal component analysis, a correlation matrix is being created that helps to define
the specific factors and dimensions of the newly created composite indicator. As a result of this
paper, a comprehensive understanding is provided about the recent development of these
countries’ functioning market economy, competitiveness, macroeconomic stability,
convergence, and financing ability. The results can contribute to enlargement decision-making.
Keywords: Economic Integration Maturity, Western-Balkan, Composite Indicator Creation.
181
182
Assistant professor, Department of World Economy, Corvinus University of Budapest, viktoria.kovacs3@uni-corvinus.hu
PhD student, Department of World Economy, Corvinus University of Budapest, oleg.tankovsky@uni-corvinus.hu
99
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21th-22th-23th May 2021
Honey, Mugs, and Caricatures: Anchors on Prices of Consumer
Goods Only Hold Hypothetically*
Magdalena BRZOZOWICZ183
Michal KRAWCZYK184
Abstract
In our study, we investigated the interaction between hypothetical bias and anchoring effect in
the context of valuation of private consumer goods. We elicited willingness to pay for different
types of goods, systematically manipulating irrelevant anchors (high vs. low) and incentives to
provide true valuations (hypothetical vs. real). We conducted three experiments involving a
total of over 1800 participants. In each experiment, four different treatments were used in a 2x2
design: RealLow (real transactions, low anchor), RealHi (real transactions, high anchor),
HypoLow (hypothetical valuation, low anchor), and HypoHi (hypothetical valuation, high
anchor). Under hypothetical conditions, the technique of directly eliciting the WTP value was
used, with the participants understanding that their valuation was declarative only. By contrast,
the incentive-compatible BDM technique with actual transactions was used in the Real
conditions. Experiment 1 was a laboratory experiment in which participants were asked to state
their WTP for a voucher for a caricature or portrait. Experiments 2 and 3 were field experiments
conducted in a shopping center, in which we elicited WTP for hand-painted mugs and a flavored
honey. Although our three experiments involved two different settings and target populations
and three different products, their results were remarkably consistent. On top of a strong
hypothetical bias, we found that anchors only made a substantial, significant difference in the
case of hypothetical data, the first experiments to directly document such an interaction. This
finding suggests that hypothetical market research methods may deliver lower quality data.
Moreover, it contributes to the discussion examining the mechanism underlying the anchoring
effect, suggesting it could partly be caused by insufficient conscious efforts to drift away from
the anchor.
Keywords: Anchoring Effect, Hypothetical Bias, WTP, Experiment.
183
PhD student, University of Warsaw, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Poland, mbrzozowicz@wne.uw.edu.pl
PhD, University Professor, University of Warsaw, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Poland, mkrawczyk@wne.uw.edu.pl
* This work was supported by the National Science Centre, Poland [grant number: UMO-2017/27/N/HS4/02116].
184
100
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21th-22th-23th May 2021
Efficiency of The Electricity Sector in East Africa and Its
Determinants
Nsabimana RENÉ185
Abstract
The paper aims to benchmark the performance of the electricity sector in East Africa, in terms
of access to electricity and service quality. It estimates and compares the technical efficiency
scores (TES) of six countries over ten years, using Data Envelopment Analysis with two outputs
and three inputs. It also investigates the effect of environmental variables using the Tobit
regression method. To evaluate the complex regional electricity sector regarding the main
missions, such as power plants, transmission, and distribution systems, data are aggregated at
the country level, where each country is considered as a Decision-Making Unit. Therefore, the
electricity sector is benchmarked using three models, one for generation, another for
transmission, and a consolidated model for distribution. The Kruskal-Wallis rank test is used to
test the difference of the TES within the three models. The results show that there is no
significant difference between the TES obtained from the three models. TES is higher than 90%
in two countries for the three models, and below 80% in three countries for the generation
model. Countries with high TES are those with a high trend in customers and electricity access.
TES increases with the quality of service in terms of loss reduction, and with the electricity
consumption per capita. Countries that improved the high performance are those with the high
trend in customers and loss reduction. The study recommends controlling electricity losses and
increasing electricity consumption per capita. The paper contributes to the existing literature by
benchmarking the electricity sector in East Africa using a dataset collected in six countries. It
addresses the complex structure of the electricity companies in East Africa, by estimating the
performance of each activity.
Keywords: Technical Efficiency Score, Access to Electricity, East Africa.
Nsabimana René, The University of Liège, HEC Management School; The University of Burundi, Doctoral School,
nsabirn@yahoo.fr or r.nsabimana@uliege.be
185
101
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21th-22th-23th May 2021
Evaluation of The Interaction between Higher Education
Institutions and Business Organizations in The Field of Logistics
and Supply Chain Management in Bulgaria from Academic
Perspective
Stilyana MIKOVA186
Miroslav STEFANOV187
Lilyana MIHOVA188
Abstract
This paper presents part of the results of a research project conducted (2018-2020) by the
Department of Logistics and Supply Chains at the University of National and World Economy
Sofia. In the scientific literature numerous studies on the cooperation between higher education
institutions (HEIs) and business organizations in different business fields are detected. This
study is the first one focused on the specific aspects of the cooperation in the field of logistics
and supply chain management (SCM). The study aims to evaluate key success factors, motives,
barriers, forms of interaction, and outcomes considering the business-academia-collaboration
conducted in education, research and innovations from the perspective of the HEIs in Bulgaria.
The survey was conducted among academics – teachers and researchers in the field of logistics
and/or SCM – in Bulgarian HEIs using the questionnaire survey method. The analysis of the
collected data from 35 respondents shows that key factors for HEIs to cooperate with business
organizations in the field of education, research and innovations are commitment, human
resources and effective communication. The financing factor has a high degree of influence
only in the domain of innovations and research. HEIs are motivated to collaborate with business
organizations in order to support their research and education activities, rather than to obtain
commercial benefits. The most frequently used channels of interaction by HEIs are related to
education. While the lack of time hinders HEIs to interact with business organisations in
research and innovations, the lack of mechanisms fostering business-academia interactions is
the main barrier in education. The HEIs indicate positive interaction outcomes in education and
expect to increase the cooperation effects for the period 2021-2023 in both education and
research.
Keywords: Higher Education Institutions, Business Organisations, Forms of Interaction,
Logistics, Supply Chain Management.
186
Chief Assist. Prof. Dr., University of National and World Economy, Faculty of Economics of Infrastructure, Department of
Logistics and Supply Chains, Sofia – Bulgaria, s.mikova@unwe.bg
187 Chief Assist. Prof. Dr., University of National and World Economy, Faculty of Economics of Infrastructure, Department of
Logistics and Supply Chains, Sofia – Bulgaria, m.stefanov@unwe.bg
188 Assist. Prof. Dr., University of National and World Economy, Faculty of Economics of Infrastructure, Department of
Logistics and Supply Chains, Sofia – Bulgaria, lmihova@unwe.bg
102
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Does Financial Inclusion Affect Financial Stability?
Evidence from OECD Countries
Ramazan EKINCI189
Abstract
After the 2008-2009 global financial crisis, financial stability gained more attention and became
a priority among politicians. With the great recession that emerged in the USA and spread
worldwide, one of the more discussed issues has been the concept of financial inclusion.
Financial inclusion is the opportunity for all individuals in an economy to access financial
products and services at an easy and affordable price. Although the concept of financial
inclusion has been known since 2005, it has become an essential public policy priority after the
global financial crisis. As stated above, whether financial access, which has become widespread
with the post-global financial crisis, is a threat to financial stability or a safeguard is one of the
most frequently analyzed topics in the literature in recent years. The studies on this subject have
reached no apparent result. This question, for which an answer is sought in the literature, is
tested empirically in the study. This study aims to test the impact of financial inclusion on
financial stability for 35 OECD countries over the period 2005 and 2017. In the study, a single
financial inclusion index was obtained through Principal Component Analysis (PCA) using four
different financial indicators representing financial inclusion. Z-score of banks are used as
indicators of financial stability. The data set used in the study was obtained from different
international data sources. In order to estimate the effect of financial inclusion on financial
stability, the two-step system Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimator which is
developed to address the endogeneity has been applied. The findings show that a higher level
of financial inclusion, defined by access to banking services, has a positive contribution to the
banking sector's stability. Policy recommendations will be made within the framework of the
findings obtained.
Keywords: Financial Inclusion, Financial Stability, System GMM, OECD.
189 Asst. Prof. Dr., Izmir Bakırcay University, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Department of Economics,
Izmir-Turkey, ramazan.ekinci@bakırcay.edu.tr
103
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21th-22th-23th May 2021
Macroeconomic Policies against Macroeconomic Uncertainty:
Turkish Case
Osman TUZUN190
Abstract
Macroeconomic uncertainty is one of the main goals of the macroeconomic policies after the
2008 Crisis and during the Covid-19 Pandemic. In this study, we focus on the macroeconomic
policies against macroeconomic uncertainty. The aim of the study is to evaluate the
macroeconomic uncertainty indicators and estimate the relative effectiveness of the monetary
policy and the fiscal policy in Turkey. We use a Threshold VAR (T-VAR) approach in
estimating the low uncertainty regime and high uncertainty regime. According to the empirical
findings of the study, during the high uncertainty regime; the inflation uncertainty is derived
from the exchange rate volatility and the monetary policy has insufficient effect price stability
goal. On the other hand, the fiscal policy tools has significant effect on business cycle
fluctuations in low uncertainty regime.
Keywords: Monetary Policy, Fiscal Policy, Uncertainty.
190
Dr., Usak University, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Department of Economics, Turkey,
osman.tuzun@usak.edu.tr
104
EBOR Conference
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21th-22th-23th May 2021
A Literature Review Analysis on Migrant Entrepreneurship
Studies by Adopting An Intersectionality Approach
Erhan AYDIN191
Abstract
This study aims at creating a systematic literature review analysis on migrant entrepreneurship
studies by considering the intersectionality approach that refers to overlapping social identities
of individuals. The main reason for adopting the intersectionality approach comes from the
nature of identities. There is more than one strand of diversity, such as religion, sexual
orientation and refugees, and every individual can belong to more than one group at the same
time. For this reason, in the present study, I focus on multiple identities in the articles published
3 and 4 stars at Chartered Association of Business Schools (CABS) 2018 list, and I specifically
focus on religion and sexual orientation in migrant entrepreneurship studies. In order to conduct
the literature review analysis, I use the keywords of “religion and migrant entrepreneur” and
“sexual orientation and migrant entrepreneur”. This study is in its initial process, and it will be
developed based on the comments from the conference session.
Keywords: Migrant Entrepreneurship, Sexual Orientation, Religion, Entrepreneurship,
Migrant Studies.
191
Assoc. Prof. Dr., Usak University, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Turkey, and Affiliate Research
Fellow at IPAG Business School Paris, France, erham.aydin@usak.edu.tr
105
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Notes
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