Arteriovenous Malformations

This paper presents a patient-derived model for the simulation of the hemodynamics of arteriovenous malformations of the brain (BAVM). This new approach is a step toward the simulation of the outcome of the embolization of the BAVM during treatment planning. More specifically, two aspects of the planning are pursued: simulation of the change of blood flow in the brain vasculature after the blocking of the malformation and simulation of the transport of the embolic liquid. The method we propose is tested on 3 BAVM cases of varying complexity. Twenty two out of 24 main BAVM flow paths have been identified well by simulation.

Arteriovenous malformations are rare in the head and neck region and generally arise from intracranial vessels. We present two rare cases with spontaneous arteriovenous malformations related to the ear. The role of magnetic resonance imaging and colour Doppler sonography in the diagnosis and management of such cases is discussed along with a review of the literature.

This term is coined by Dr. David Smith in the 1960’s. Dysmorphology is the study of abnormalities of human form and the mechanism that cause these abnormalities. It is estimated that 1 in 40 or 2.5% of newborns have a recognisable malformation or multiple malformations at birth.

Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in term infants is not common, but when it occurs it is usually secondary to trauma, coagulation disorders and/or hypoxia. The possibility of a structural cause for an infantile ICH is unfortunately not seriously considered until very late. In this paper we report the cases of five full-term infants, each of whom developed ICH secondary to a structural lesion during the 1st year of life. Three presented during the newborn period. A congenital saccular aneurysm of the middle cerebral artery in an 8-month old male infant; a posterior fossa arteriovenous malformation in a 2-week old female neonate; a deep parietal cavernous angioma in a 6.5-month-old male infant; a temporoparietal low-grade astrocytoma in a 12-day old male neonate and a temporoparietal desmoplastic ganglioglioma in a 9-day-old male neonate were the structural lesions that were causative for hemorrhage. In all cases but one, the diagnosis was reached by computerized tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging. All infants underwent surgery for the removal of the hematoma and of the lesion causative for the bleed. All are alive at 19, 3, 11.5, 10, and 5 years, respectively. We discuss the diagnosis of ICH with special emphasis on contemporary imaging modalities and stress the benefits of aggressive and timely surgical treatment. We then consider a concise analysis of the world literature on the occurrence of structural causes of ICH during infancy.

This case report refers to a 26-year-old woman who attended a gynaecological clinic with a painful vulval swelling. She underwent surgical excision, was found to have a rare vulval low-flow arteriovenous malformation and was treated with embolisation therapy.

To investigate retrospectively the clinical and endoscopic features of bleeding Dieulafoy's lesions and to assess the short- and long-term effectiveness of endoscopic treatment. Twenty-three patients who had gastrointestinal bleeding from Dieulafoy's lesions underwent endoscopic therapy. Demographic data, mode of presentation, risk factors for gastrointestinal bleeding, blood transfusion requirements, endoscopic findings, details of endoscopic therapy, recurrence of bleeding and mortality rates were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Hemostasis was attempted by dextrose 50% plus epinephrine in 10 patients, hemoclipping in 8 patients, heater probe in 2 patients and ethanolamine oleate in 2 patients. Comorbid conditions were present in 17 patients (74%). Overall permanent hemostasis was achieved in 18 patients (78%). Initial hemostasis was successful with no recurrent bleeding in patients treated with hemoclipping, heater probe or ethanolamine injection. In the group of p...

Aneurysmal Bone Cyst (ABC) are extremely rare in the head and neck region and even rare in sinuses. It’s a benign multicystic
mass that is locally-destructive and rapidly expandable. The etiopathogenesis, even today, is not entirely clear. However, hemorragic
fluid content and septated appearance are the characteristic feature of ABC. The clinical presentation produces symptoms due to the
compression of adjacent structures or as a result of a pathological fracture and depends on localization. Most common location in
this area are the mandible and maxillary bones. The complete surgical excision is the treatment of choice. There are limited reports
in literature on these tumors at the sinonasal level. We present a complete review of the literature as well as an unusual localization
of ABC in this district.