Business applications of game theory

The principal purpose of this study has been to investigate the impact of an asset disposal strategy, often coupled with share repurchase programs, by international hotel companies on financial performance, earnings stability and share values. Utilising ratio analysis, stock returns and risk-adjusted measures, the study analyses the differences in performance, stability and market valuations between asset light and more capital intensive hotel companies. The findings of the study indicate negligible differences in most accounting measures of earnings growth and stability between asset light hotel companies and traditional hotel companies with significant holdings of owned or leased property. Drawing on game theory, we conclude that international hotel companies dispose of their assets in an effort to manipulate financial markets and make their stocks more attractive to investors and traders. Notwithstanding the absence of significant differentiation in accounting measures of performance fundamentals, market based measures show that hotel groups failed in the aim of manipulating financial markets. This study recommends avoiding playing this game as dual asset light/share repurchase strategy generated superior risk-weighted returns to that of more capital intensive traditional hotel companies across the period of the study.

This book is about the three identities of the videogame, the gamer, and Game Studies. I write that there are no definitive truths but rather discourses and constructions; ideas, actions, beliefs, and practices related to videogames are discourses that merge and shape our perception of videogames as an area of study of its own right. These discursive responses meet and clash creating what we call truths, which are temporary and negotiable.

This perspective is inspired by Foucauldian ideas and present few questions about videogame-related identities in and outside of academe. Does Game Studies have a conceptual core? What makes game studies difficult to be disciplined in academe? What do we learn from the scholarly and popular discourses on videogames that would help understand the identity questions related to games?

I go on to describe what makes the videogame identity according to game studies: aesthetics, fictions, meaning-making, performance, transformation, etc. and what makes it difficult for game studies being an open market of ideas and an academic "un-discipline". This leads me to the gamer's identity: an aficionado first, and a connoisseur of fictional worlds.

Cloud integrated mobile application provides the functions for building and consuming the next generation of business applications. The effect of mobile cloud computing on the traditional E-business gives the necessary solutions on the development of E-commerce businesses in cloud space and provides huge accessibility by mobile applications. Mobile application provide great accessibility for business as now a days, every person is using hand held devices for various tasks but it faces some issues. By incorporating cloud computing in mobile commerce will give lots of advantage for business with lower cost and high benefits.

The impact of SMEs financing on business growth in Nigeria using Keffi and Mararraba Metropolis as a case study was assessed in this work. Descriptive research designs, as well as t-test statistics for the test of Hpothesis, were utilized. The hypothesis for the study includes: banks credits to SMEs have no significant impact on the growth of the Nigerian economy as well as interest rates charged on credits has no effect on SMEs business expansion in Nigeria. Access to finance was found to be a sine qua non for successful entrepreneurial development, while in respect of interest rate charged on SMEs loans and advances; the entrepreneurs' ability to borrow was not hindered. The study, therefore, recommends strong availability to finance for the successful growth of SMEs through different channels like microfinance banks and institutions in addition to formal and informal financial institutions. In addition, the scheme could be further expanded vide various tax palliatives. It is also recommended that the government should provide suitable incentives for the growth and effective performance of SMEs. There should be a close liaison​ between the Nigeria Stock Exchange (NSE) and family businesses to raise cheap funds for growth of SMEs.

Personal computers and computer networks began to take over offices and increasingly the public in the 1980s, but the extensive adoption of the Internet did not come about until the introduction of the first browsers and the over- whelming acceptance of Microsoft Windows and Apple systems - equipped with advanced graphics - both in the mid-1990s. The world changed in

International Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications (IJESA) is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the Embedded Systems and applications. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on understanding Embedded Systems and establishing new collaborations in these areas.

To facilitate the connoisseurs of fruits to get the fruits they like, it requires a new ordering system for them such as ordering through the online system because it can reduce the time for fruit lovers to buy their favorite fruit, the fruit lovers only have to open a website that has been provided to buy fruit and other fruit desired on the website then the ordered fruit will be delivered to the destination and can be directly enjoyed by the customer. Therefore built analysis and design of online ordering of fruits online which is expected to facilitate in making application of ordering of these fruits. I. PRELIMINARY In the era of highly developed and rapidly growing technology required information systems that can be useful for all types of organizations. Because with the existence of information systems, can improve the workings of the organization. The impact of the development of technology and information itself can be seen from the number of users of media information on agencies or companies. Booking fruits are a form of service to consumers who want to buy fruits in an indirect way, but using media such as letters, faxes, emails and internet payment method through several ways such as checks, transfers, or COD (Cash on Delivery). Due to the increasing number of internet users and growing continuously then the culture at this time will not be far from the internet because the internet also has a great influence on science and world view at this time [1]. On the other hand, the current technological advances cannot be avoided, as technological advances are also in line with the advancement of human knowledge as well as the human need for an increasingly complex information system. And the development of technology is also due to the rapidly growing culture that exists at this time [2]. Fruit plants are plants that produce fruits that can be consumed in a fresh state, whether consumed directly or processed first. Fruits are commodities that are developed and coexisted with food crops because of their potential production yields for greater profits. In this era of free trade, it is necessary to develop high quality fruits to be exported [3]. E-commerce is an application of e-business (e-business) engaged in commercial, such as electronic funds transfer, SCM (Supply Chain Management), online transactions, electronic data interchange (EDI) promotion of a product, and so forth.One of the benefits of e-commerce itself is as a marketing medium of a particular product to obtain increased sales, both online and conventional [4].Therefore, every seller of fruits is also expected to make a new breakthrough by way of selling online for services that are done more effectively and efficiently in ordering these fruits and can as a marketing medium of fruit that is also effective to increase sales.

Decision theory includes arbitration, bargaining and game theory, whose relationships to each other are not well-understood. This paper introduces a particular weighted arbitration operator and applies it to King Solomon’s dilemma and Nash’s original bargaining problem. These applications allow a more meaningful comparison of the three theories and show that arbitration provides a more natural, simpler and flexible solution than the previously proposed bargaining and game theory solutions.

Contracts are designed to govern the relations between business partners and allocate risk among them, yet they cannot mitigate all risks; hence, dispute resolution mechanisms have been developed to assist. According to research, arbitration is considered one of the most efficient legally binding dispute resolution mechanisms. Since initiating an arbitration case against business partners often severs the business relationship between them, predicting the arbitrator's decision becomes valuable to the arbitrating parties. To do so, arbitration prediction models are suggested in this paper through modeling the arbitrator's award in two stages: evidence admissibility and evidence evaluation. While arbitrators currently admit evidence in a relatively unsystematic way, this proposed admissibility framework systemizes the current practice by preserving its subjectivity, yet aligning it with the widely deployed rules of arbitration. This research further proposes an evidence evaluation model, providing a rapid answer to the famous commercial arbitration battle, discovery. While the current arbitrators' practice in allowing discovery is not systematic, the proposed optimization model is a tool that could systematically assist arbitrators trading between the arbitration key characteristic, efficiency, and justice. This is achieved by assigning weights to evidence parameters such as sufficiency and credibility, which in turn provide numerical measures to reduce the decision's subjectivity.

The complex nature of construction projects and the involvement of a large number of unpredictable correlated factors make them susceptible to disputes. Although a wide range of dispute resolution mechanisms exists, experts in the construction industry favor arbitration over litigation when legally binding dispute resolution mechanisms are concerned. Because initiating a litigation or arbitration case against a business partner often severs the business relationship between them, predicting the arbitrator’s decision becomes valuable to the arbitrating parties. Because arbitration has been extensively treated as a game, and because the proposed approach relies on the wealth maximization concept, which is in turn dependent on the sum of utility sources of a firm, modeling arbitration is best achieved as a game with disputing parties’ utility profiles that would have an agreement zone. A construction-specific utility framework for the disputing parties arbitrating before a single arbitrator is proposed based on the additive expected utility theory. The proposed additive utility framework preserves the industry practicality and, most importantly, considers direct short-term factors and indirect long-term factors that would address factual disputes related to claim entitlement and quantification. It is expected that such a framework could then be used to identify utility equilibrium points between the disputing parties, which would serve the purpose of predicting the arbitration outcome.

This research describes the dynamic of Citarum river basin conflict using drama theory approach. There are two phases in the conflict, first phase is the condition of Citarum conflict before the establishment of Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) and the second phase is the condition after the establishment of IWRM. IWRM is a process that gives priority in managing water, soil, and related resources in order to maximize the economic and social welfare in a pattern that does not compromise the sustainability of vital ecosystems. The result shows that the condition of Citarum conflict after the establishment of IWRM is worse than before the establishment of IWRM looked from the number of dilemmas. This research also provides the possible course of actions in order to reduce the dilemmas among stakeholders.

In this paper we revisit one of the first models of analog computation, Shannon’s General Purpose Analog Computer (GPAC). The GPAC has often been argued to be weaker than computable analysis. As main contribution, we show that if we change the notion of GPAC-computability in a natural way, we compute exactly all real computable functions (in the sense of computable analysis). Moreover, since GPACs are equivalent to systems of polynomial differential equations then we show that all real computable functions can be defined by such models.

The success of a wide range of companies operating in contemporary society relies exclusively on the ability of their management to make vital decisions. As a result, a plethora of contemporary managers prefer using a wide range of strategic approaches, which play a critical role in helping them to make vital decisions that, in turn, assist their companies to meet predetermined goals and objectives.

The current implementation of TLS involves your browser displaying a padlock, and a green bar, after successfully verifying the digital signature on the TLS certificate. Proposed is a solution where your browser's response to successful verification of a TLS certificate is to display a login window. That login window displays the identity credentials from the TLS certificate, to allow the user to authenticate Bob. It also displays a 'user-browser' shared secret i.e. a specific picture from your hard disk. This is not SiteKey, the image is shared between the computer user and their browser. It is never transmitted over the internet. Since sandboxed websites cannot access your hard disk this image cannot be counterfeited by phishing websites. Basically if you view the installed software component of your browser as an actor in the cryptography protocol, then the solution to phishing attacks is classic cryptography, as documented in any cryptography textbook.

Previous crises are distinguished from the present one. Rather then relying on consumption-led growth it is explored whether any lessons can be learned from China's strategy by focusing on investment-led growth in three phases: (i) Infrastructure spending, (ii) focus on rural areas to stimulate demand, and (iii) speeding up of economic growth in new regions, generating housing demand leading up to consumption led growth. This strategy made China a darling of both foreign direct investment and portfolio investment suggesting while the global equity markets were in turmoil, China has emerged as safe parking lot for the global funds.

Actors in competitive environments are bound to decide and act under conditions of uncertainty because they rarely have accurate foreknowledge of how their opponents will respond and when they will respond. Just as a competitor makes a move to improve their standing on a given variable relative to a target competitor, she should expect the latter to counteract with an iterative lagged asymmetric response, that is, with a sequence of countermoves (iteration) that is very different in kind from its trigger (asymmetry) and that will be launched at some unknown point in the future (time lag). The paper explicates the broad relevance of the newly proposed concept of " iterative lagged asymmetric responses " to the social study of temporality and to fields as diverse as intelligence and counterintelligence studies, strategic management, futures studies, military theory, and long-range planning. By bringing out in the foreground and substantiating the observation that competitive environments place a strategic premium on surprise, the concept of iterative lagged asymmetric responses makes a contribution to the never-ending and many-pronged debate about the extent to which the future can be predicted.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0961463X17752652

Trans Metro Bandung (TMB) merupakan moda transportasi massal yang dibangun sebagai solusi masalah kemacetan dan solusi masalah polusi kota Bandung. Namun, TMB menjadi sumber konflik social karena keberadaannya menimbulkan bentrokan kepentingan antara berbagai pihak. Dinas perhubungan (Dishub) kota Bandung sebagai pelaksana manajemen TMB, dianggap sebagai pihak yang harus bertanggung jawab menyelesaikan konflik, karena pihak-pihak lain menganggap bahwa Dishub belum bisa menjalankan fungsinya dengan baik sehingga konflik terjadi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengusulkan frame terbaik dengan skenario yang dapat menjadi resolusi bagi konflik TMB serta meningkatkan total manfaat dari sudut pandang Dishub. Upaya ini dilakukan dengan menggabungkan jarring nilai ko-opetisi, Graph Model for Conflict Resolution (GMCR), dan Simple Multi-Attribute Rating Technique (SMART). Jaring nilai ko-opetisi digunakan untuk membangun frame keadaan terkini berdasarkan sudut pandang pakar transportasi dan peneliti, dimana Dishub menjadi inti jaring nilai tersebut. Dengan menggunakan analisa stabilitas dapat diketahui  skenario yang berpotensi menjadi resolusi bagi konflik TMB pada masing-masing frame. Hasil analisa stabilitas pada setiap frame kemudian dibandingkan dalam rangka mengetahui frame yang dapat memberikan skenario dengan manfaat tertinggi bagi Dishub dalam menyelesaikan konflik TMB. Penggabungan GMCR dan SMART ini dinamakn Graph Model with Multiple-attribute Rating (GMMR). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa skenario terbaik yang dapat diambil oleh Dishub Bandungadalah mencoba memotivasi masyarakat untuk tidak menggunakan kendaraan pribadi dalam bermobilitas yang rute nya dilewati TMB serta melakukan Dishub merger dengan DAMRI sehingga sumber daya keunggulan dari masing-masing pihak bisa digabungkan untuk menghasilkan moda transportasi massal kota Bandung  yang memuaskan mobilitas masyarakat. Skenario terbaik ini memberikan peningkatan nilai total manfaat sebesar 10.96% dari existing condition.

GAMES 2020, the 6th World Congress of the Game Theory Society, will be held at Budapest Congress & World Trade Center from 13 to 17 July 2020. Game Theory focusses on models of conflict, competition and cooperation, in which the different parties focus on their own individual aims. GAMES 2020 will be co-located with EC’20, the 21st ACM Conference on Economics and Computation.

Cognitive Science began with the assumption sometimes called Cartesian Materialism-- that the brain is an autonomous machine that can be studied as a closed system. The challenges of solving the puzzles presupposed by that assumption led to a recognition that mind is both embodied and embedded i. e. it cannot be separated from either the rest of the organism or from the organism’s symbiotic relationship with its environment. The unavoidable (but often ignored) implication of this conclusion is that if our environment includes other minds, our minds must also be embodied by other minds. This means that we are irreducibly social, for the same reasons that we are irreducibly embodied and embedded in an environment.

This paper explores and questions the assumptions of Game Theory--the branch of computer science that assumes that society can only be understood as the interaction of isolated rational autonomous agents. If the Game Theory of the future were to follow the lead of cutting edge cognitive science, it would replace computational models with dynamical ones.  Just as Extended Cognition theories recognize that the line between mind and world is a flexible one, Dynamic social theories would recognize that the line between mind and mind is equally flexible—that we must be understood not as autonomous individuals with selfish interests, but rather as fluctuating tribes or families dynamically bonded, and motivated not only by selfishness, but by trust, loyalty and love.

El Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte (TLCAN) es uno de los tratados internacionales más importantes de México y del continente americano. México, Estados Unidos de Norte América y Canadá, son los tres países integrantes de este tratado aprobado el 1° de enero de 1994. Pero, ¿por qué el TLCAN fue firmado por los tres países?, es decir, ¿por qué sucedió de la manera en que ocurrió? El presente trabajo tiene el objetivo de responder esta pregunta a través de la construcción de un modelo, basado en la Teoría de Juegos.

Awareness and education of cybersecurity help create a better world for businesses and individuals. Understanding why safety and security are of the utmost importance is crucial to avoiding costly cyber-attacks.  The purpose of this project is to be able to establish the importance of awareness and education of cybersecurity so that businesses and individuals can better keep themselves safe and secure by consistently using best practices from everyday life from their self-reporting industry protecting customers, employees, and the business.  Being able to successfully provide knowledge for the awareness and education for businesses and individuals through a basic understanding of how to keep safe and secure one’s network data, devices, applications, and programs; as well as protection from reputation and emotional harm of customers and employees.

The main purpose of this paper is to model the conflict between street vendors (PKL) of Bandung with several parties, namely the Government of Bandung (Pemkot), and Thugs. The Graph Model for Conflict Resolution (GMCR) is used to create an understanding of the position of PKL conflict in a strategy.
The conflict occurred in connection with the implementation of K3 (Nicety, Cleanliness, Beauty) and the enforcement area 7-point-free street vendors. Graph-based mathematical modeling approach was chosen because it is considered appropriate to explain why the efforts that have made by government to curb street vendors have not been able to show the maximum results. Assuming that all parties in the conflict think rationally and use the two concepts of Nash and sequential stabilities, the results of this modeling show that current conditions are not the most stable condition that can be accepted by all parties. The government as a regulator should be able to bring all the parties involved to think with another frame that is more stable than current conditions to create win-win urban business collaboration.

Download at: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2200350

PASTA WARS is a four-party negotiation / conflict simulation-game, in which participants must decide recurrently whether to adopt a cooperative stance or a competitive strategy towards one another. Participants are formed into four groups, each of which manages a flour mill that is attempting to sell its produce to a single purchaser, the local pasta restaurant, over a series of rounds. Each mill’s profitability is dependent not only on its own manufacturing strategy but also on that of the three other mills. In this way, they are subtly placed in an iterated four-way Prisoner's Dilemma, and they must maneuver, in an environment of limited communication, to develop relationships with each other and to build trust as a means of enabling personal and joint gain.

This document contains all materials needed to conduct the simulation-game, as well as notes for teachers on game-management and debrief.

In addition, the document includes translations of the simulation's material into ten languages, for use with students and trainees around the world.