CAP

This article focuses on the impact of international research collaboration on individual research productivity in 11 European countries. Research productivity and international publication co-authorship of “internationalists” and “locals” (or academics collaborating and not collaborating internationally) are compared. The article uses a micro-level (individual) approach and relies on the primary data collected in a comparable format through a survey from 17,211 European academics. In all countries and all clusters of academic fields studied, international collaboration in research is strongly correlated with substantially higher research productions. Internationalization increasingly plays a stratifying role, though: More international collaboration tends to mean higher publishing rates and those who do not collaborate internationally may be losing more than ever before in terms of resources and prestige in the process of “accumulative disadvantage.” The competition is becoming a pe...

The cloud is the best method used for the utilization and organization of data. The cloud provides many resources for us via the internet. There are many technologies used in cloud computing systems; each one uses a different kind of protocols and methods. Many tasks can execute on different servers per second, which cannot execute on their computer. The most popular technologies used in the cloud system are Hadoop, Dryad, and another map reducing framework. Also, there are many tools used to optimize the performance of the cloud system, such as Cap3, HEP, and Cloudburst. This paper reviews in detail the cloud computing system, its used technologies, and the best technologies used with it according to multiple factors and criteria such as the procedure cost, speed cons and pros. Moreover, A comprehensive comparison of the tools used for the utilization of cloud computing systems is presented.  

This review aims at highlighting on recent developments in preparation, characterization, properties, crystallization behaviors, melt rheology, processing, and future applications possibilities of biodegradable polymers and their layered silicate nanocomposites. These materials are attracting considerable interest in materials science research. Montmorillonite and hectorite are among the most commonly used smectite-type layered silicates for the preparation of nanocomposites. In their pristine form they are hydrophilic in nature, and this property makes them very difficult to disperse into biodegradable polymer matrices. The most common strategy to overcome this difficulty is to replace the interlayer clay cations with quarternized ammonium or phosphonium cations, preferably with long alkyl chains.A wide range of biodegradable polymer matrices is described in this review with a special emphasis on polylactide because of more eco-friendliness from its origin as contrast to the fully petroleum-based biodegradable polymers and control of carbon dioxide balance after their composting.Preparative techniques include (i) intercalation of polymers or prepolymers from solution, (ii) in situ intercalative polymerization method, and (iii) melt intercalation method.This new family of composite materials frequently exhibits remarkable improvements of mechanical and material properties when compared with virgin polymers or conventional micro- and macro-composites. Improvements can include a high storage modulus both in solid and molten states, increased tensile and flexural properties, a decrease in gas permeability and flammability, increased heat distortion temperature and thermal stability, increase in the biodegradation rate, and so forth.

Now a days storing grain for short duration in cover and plinth (CAP) storage is followed in India.
These CAP storages were also used when insufficient indoor spaces were available. Various studies
and research were conducted around the world to improve large scale grain storage for on-farm, open
and short duration grain storage. Present study compiles important and relevant research in cover
and plinth and on-farm storage. This paper discusses the suitability of hermetic bags in cover and
plinth and on-farm storage for effective controlling the insect species for three to four months and for
monitoring the system of storing grain in CAP storage. The studies demonstrate that the temporary
grain storage in polyethylene bags does not lead to grain quality loss compared to the conventional
storage.
Keywords: Cover and plinth storage; CAP; storage; grain; on-farm storage

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XVI European Rural Development Network Conference
17-18-19.09.2018,
Cluj-Napoca, Romania

The call for papers will be announced in early May.
Proposed deadline for abstract submission: 15 June, 2018.
Notification of acceptance: 31 June, 2018.
Conference: 17-19 September, 2018.
Policy Brief: November, 2018.
Publication of full papers in Rural Areas and Development, 16(2019): Spring-2019.

The conference presentations, papers and discussion will lead to ERDN Policy Brief with recommendations for future CAP and especially to Pillar II of rural policy. Each presenter will be asked to end her/his presentation with one (more general) recommendation for development of rural areas post 2020, that should be evidence-based recommendation, coming from own, present and past research. During the conference we will discuss all of them, agree and prepare a policy brief. Therefore it is very welcomed to include such a propositions also in abstracts sent to the conference call. Please, think, prepare and keep your eye on www.erdn.eu for more information..

Within only two decades olive oil developed from a niche product which could hardly be found in food stores outside the producing regions towards an integrated component in the diets of industrial countries. This paper discusses the impacts of the promotion of the “healthy Mediterranean diet” on land use and agro-ecosystems in the producing countries. It examines the dynamics of olive oil production, trade and consumption in the EU15 in the period 1972–2003 and the links between dietary patterns, trade and land use. It analyses the underlying socio-economic driving forces behind the increasing spatial disconnect between production and consumption of olive oil in the EU15 and in particular in Spain, the world largest producer during the last three decades.

In the observed period olive oil consumption increased 16-fold in the non-producing EU15 countries. In the geographically limited producing regions like Spain, the fivefold increase in export production was associated with the rapid industrialization of olive production, the conversion of vast Mediterranean landscapes to olive monocultures and a range of environmental pressures. High amounts of subsidies of the European Common Agricultural Policy and feedback loops within production and consumption systems were driving the transformation of the olive oil system. Our analysis indicates the process of change was not immediately driven by increases in demand for olive oil in non-producing countries, but rather by the institutional setting of the European Union and by concerted political interventions.

Addressing today’s ever increasing changes in data management needs require solutions that can achieve unlimited scalability, high availability and massive parallelism while ensuring high performance levels. The new breed of applications like business intelligence, enterprise analytics, Customer Relationship Management, document processing, Social Networks, Web 2.0 and Cloud Computing require horizontal scaling of thousands of nodes as demanded when handling huge collections of structured and unstructured data sets that traditional RDBMS fail to manage. The rate with which data is being generated through interactive applications by large numbers of concurrent users in distributed processing involving very large number of servers and handling Big Data applications has outpaced the capabilities of relational databases thereby driving focus towards the NoSQL database Adoption. NoSQL database systems have addressed scaling and performance challenges inherent in traditional RDBMS by expl...

The paper deals with the relation between environment and agriculture within the European Union policies. The importance of an environmental EU policy as a crossing policy is explained. It follows then, interdependence between environmental measures and other policies, most of all within CAP. The trends in the evolution of the CAP and consequently in terms of environmental measures are also

This paper shifts the focus of definitional debates about the nature of rurality from the academic field to an agricultural field that includes the European Community, its Common Agricultural Policy and farmers whose lives and livelihoods are significantly entailed by it. It traces the evolution of the Common Agricultural Policy, the concepts of rurality embedded with it and the mediated effects of this policy on farming people and their practices. Ethnographic material about hill sheep farmers of the Borders Region of Scotland is used to illustrate the ‘policy-effect’ (a term derived from Bourdieu's notion of ‘theory effect’) of the Common Agricultural Policy: the definitions of and policies for rural spaces devised by the European Community in its Common Agricultural Policy set the conditions for hill sheep farmers to produce in their practices a version of the rurality represented in the CAP; and the CAP records these mediated effects of its policy in its analysis of the nature of rural spaces within the European Community for which it has to devise further policies.

The Samoan Islands have experienced > 2 million years of volcanism, culminating in historic eruptions at both the east and western ends of the chain including a major lava-producing episode on the island of Savai'i from AD 1905-1911. Upolu in Western Samoa has several areas mapped as early Holocene in age (> 5 ka), but here we present new evidence for fresh volcanic landforms and deposits, supported by a radiocarbon date of 1915 ± 65 yrs B.P., giving a maximum age to a phreatomagmatic tuff cone offshore of Cape Tapaga, east Upolu. In addition, we report on a parallel investigation of the oral traditions of communities surrounding fresh volcanic landforms that may reflect distant "volcanic memories" passed down over generations. To accommodate Samoan cultural structures, oral traditional knowledge was sought through semi-structured interviews with small groups (3-4) or individuals. Samoan facilitators focused on high-ranking and traditionally respected (particularly elderly) individuals for explanations of the origins of local features, including their genesis, use and any related geo-hazards. Areas targeted were those where young eruptions (< 3500 yr BP) were suspected from geological mapping. In stark contrast to communities in Vanuatu, Papua New Guinea or the Solomon Islands, the village communities show extremely limited knowledge of their volcanic heritage. Youthful volcanic landforms are often not recognised as such and appear to play little role in everyday life. Few, if any, legends are attached to any volcanic feature. Instead, oral traditions deal primarily with the origins of Samoans (overlain by strong Christian teachings), and past disputes/battles and wrongdoings between tribes/neighbours. The only exceptions to this were identified in legends from East Upolu, where offshore islands (tuff cones) are associated with late Holocene explosive phreatomagmatic volcanism. Maps drawn by individuals and groups interviewed, highlighted the resources and landscapes important in their lives. The majority of these were prepared as 3D oblique-view sketches, rather than plan-views, showing little in common with typical hazard maps used in the area. In addition, maps were commonly restricted strictly to boundaries of local communities, ignoring major features (such as fresh volcanic cones) that were in the territory of "next door" villages. These perspectives need to be focused upon in future iterations of hazard maps and hazard-education programmes for Samoa and similar Polynesian communities.

The 40Ar-39Ar analyses of 28 groundmass separates from volcanic rocks from the islands of Santiago, Sal, and São Vicente, Cape Verde archipelago, are presented. The new age data record the volcanic evolution for Santiago from 4.6 to 0.7 Ma, for Sal from around 15 to 1.1 Ma, and for São Vicente from 6.6 to 0.3 Ma. The major submarine constructional