Compact Model

This paper presents a novel design methodology for optimizing the performance of CMOS op-amp topologies by using Multi-Objective optimization Methodology. This methodology is used to find the optimal transistor dimensions in order to acquire operational amplifier performances for analog and mixed signal circuit applications. The goal is to automatically determine the device size in order to meet the given performance specifications while minimizing the design time, Area, power and cost function. This strongly suggests that the approach is capable of determining the globally optimal solutions to the problem. Accuracy of performance prediction in the sizing program (implemented in MATLAB) is maintained. These operational amplifiers were simulated by using cadence virtuoso spectre circuit simulator in 0.18μm CMOS technology with power supply ±1.8v. In this paper six performances are considered i.e.., Open loop Gain(Av), Unity gain bandwidth(UGB), Phase Margin (PM), Slew rate(SR), Area(...

The size and origin of the protein fold universe is of fundamental and practical importance. Analyzing randomly generated, compact sticky homopolypeptide conformations constructed in generic simplified and all-atom protein models, all have similar folds in the library of solved structures, the Protein Data Bank, and conversely, all compact, single-domain protein structures in the Protein Data Bank have structural analogues in the compact model set. Thus, both sets are highly likely complete, with the protein fold universe arising from compact conformations of hydrogen-bonded, secondary structures. Because side chains are represented by their C β atoms, these results also suggest that the observed protein folds are insensitive to the details of side-chain packing. Sequence specificity enters both in fine-tuning the structure and thermodynamically stabilizing a given fold with respect to the set of alternatives. Scanning the models against a three-dimensional active-site library, clos...

Memristor is a new nonlinear circuit element. Examination of its use with other circuit elements is important from Circuit analysis point of view. A memristor connected at the end of a transmission line will exhibit a different behavior than a resistor does. It is difficult or impossible to solve such a problem since the memristor is a nonlinear circuit element. In this study, the equation of the electromagnetic wave propagating over the transmission line with a memristor load is solved using the finite-difference timedomain (FDTM) method. Memristor current and voltage are calculated depending on time. The simulations are made with the MATLAB program.

BackgroundGuanine protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute a eukaryotic transmembrane protein family and function as “molecular switches” in the second messenger cascades and are found in all organisms between yeast and humans. They form the single, biggest drug-target family due to their versatility of action and their role in several physiological functions, being active players in detecting the presence of light, a variety of smells and tastes, amino acids, nucleotides, lipids, chemicals etc. in the environment of the cell. Comparative genomic studies on model organisms provide information on target receptors in humans and their function. The Japanese teleost Fugu has been identified as one of the smallest vertebrate genomes and a compact model to study the human genome, owing to the great similarity in its gene repertoire with that of human and other vertebrates. Thus the characterization of the GPCRs of Fugu would provide insights to the evolution of the vertebrate genome.R...

BackgroundGuanine protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute a eukaryotic transmembrane protein family and function as “molecular switches” in the second messenger cascades and are found in all organisms between yeast and humans. They form the single, biggest drug-target family due to their versatility of action and their role in several physiological functions, being active players in detecting the presence of light, a variety of smells and tastes, amino acids, nucleotides, lipids, chemicals etc. in the environment of the cell. Comparative genomic studies on model organisms provide information on target receptors in humans and their function. The Japanese teleost Fugu has been identified as one of the smallest vertebrate genomes and a compact model to study the human genome, owing to the great similarity in its gene repertoire with that of human and other vertebrates. Thus the characterization of the GPCRs of Fugu would provide insights to the evolution of the vertebrate genome.R...

Magnetic Tunnel Junction (MTJ) is a promising candidate for nonvolatile and low power memory design. MTJ is basic building block of STT-MRAM bitcell. We develop a Verilog-A based behavioral model of MTJ which effectively exhibits electrical characteristics of MTJ with a very low switching current (27.2 μA for parallel to antiparallel and 19.2 μA for antiparallel to parallel switching). To verify the versatility of the proposed model, we have employed it to design MTJbased MRAM bitcell. Simulation results (of read margin, write margin and variability analysis of MTJ-MRAM bitcell) demonstrate importance of our proposed model.

In the past, most of the research and development efforts in the area of Solid state devices and IC’s are oriented towards high power and high frequency in the systems. While focusing the attention on high power and high frequency in the device, High Electron Mobility Transistors (HEMT) and the III-V compound materials have also been taken into consideration. In recent days, the GaN based HEMT has becoming an emerging device because of its high power and high frequency applications. In this thesis, work has been done to improve the breakdown voltage (BV) by means of three different techniques. The breakdown enhancement techniques are, Schottky Source/Drain contact technique, High-k passivation layer technique and Gate field plated engineering technique. The AlGaN/GaN based HEMT device is designed and analyzed using Synopsys Sentaurus Technology Computer Aided Design tool (TCAD). Schottky source/drain contact Technique in HEMT: The first technique used for the improvement in breakdow...

A control scheme for an air conditioning system is proposed, based on the continuous monitoring of the thermal, electric and climate variables. The dynamic behavior of the relevant variables is determined and expressed in terms of a compact model (the system transfer function). In this study, the indoor temperature control loop has been implemented using a conventional PI algorithm. The

SUMMARYMOS‐Modelle und Parameterextraktion Arbeitskreis (MOS‐AK) is a European, independent compact modelling forum created by a group of engineers, researchers and compact modelling enthusiasts to promote advanced compact modelling techniques and model standardization using high‐level behavioural modelling languages such as VHDL‐AMS and Verilog‐A. This invited paper summarizes recent MOS‐AK open‐source compact model standardization activities and presents advanced topics in metal–oxide–semiconductor field‐effect transistor modelling, focusing in particular on analogue/radio frequency applications. The paper discusses links between compact models and design methodologies, finally introducing elements of compact model standardization. The open‐source computer‐aided design tools Qucs, QucsStudio and ngspice all support Verilog‐A as a hardware description language for compact model standardization. Latter sections of this paper describe a Verilog‐A implementation of the EKV3 MOS transi...

Apart from other factors, band alignment led conduction band offset (CBO) largely affects the two dimensional electron gas (2DEG) density ns in wide bandgap semiconductor based high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). In the context of assessing various performance metrics of HEMTs, rational estimation of CBO and maximum achievable 2DEG density is critical. Here, we present an analytical study on the effect of different energy band parameters-energy bandgap and electron affinity of heterostructure constituents, and lattice temperature on CBO and estimated 2DEG density in quantum triangular-well. It is found that at thermal equilibrium, ns increases linearly with ?EC at a fixed Schottky barrier potential, but decreases linearly with increasing gate-metal work function even at fixed ?EC, due to increased Schottky barrier heights. Furthermore, it is also observed that poor thermal conductivity led to higher lattice temperature which results in lower energy bandgap, and hence affects...

Penggunaan WiFi merupakan salah satu teknologi yang tepat untuk melakukan pembelajaran di lingkungan universitas. Karena itu, sarana dan prasarana telekomunikasi haruslah mumpuni dalam memenuhi kebutuhan untuk berkomunikasi dengan cepat, dan tanpa batas. Semua pengguna jaringan WiFi di lingkungan Fakultas Teknik UPN “Veteran” Jakarta, dapat berkomunikasi tanpa lagi menunggu antrian. Tantangan utama pada sistem komunikasi nirkabel adalah sumber daya yang tidak dapat mengimbangi akan lonjakan trafik yang terjadi akibat penggunaannya, maka fenomena bottleneckterjadi. Pada ruang dosen Fakultas Teknik UPN Veteran Jakarta belum terdapat hotspot yang mumpuni dalam menyediakan jaringan wifi yang menyebabkan surfing. Oleh karena itu solusi pemerataan trafik yang ada pada setiap segmen berbasiskan data pengguna Wifi dan jumlah user yang mengakses setiap harinya dan orientasi akhirnya bagaimana kepuasan optimalisasi kinerja jaringan berbasis Load Balancing dan Wifi-Offload menggunakan Uji T Pa...

The integration of analog and digital sub-systems on a single die necessitates the use of highly accurate but compact models of electromagnetic effects in integrated passive structures for the successful design of next generation Integrated Circuits (IC). This paper examines the use of the Adjoint Field Technique (AFT) and the Finite Integral Technique (FIT) to extract parametric compact models of integrated passive structures. A software prototype implementing these methods is then used to investigate the sensitivity of several standard benchmark structures to environmental variations. I. INTRODUCTION Driven by consumer demand, the trend in today's semiconductor industry is not only towards more compact integrated circuits (IC) (1), but also more complex functionality. This leads to the integration of analog (RF) and digital sub-systems on a single silicon chip. Furthermore, due to greater demand for bandwidth by multimedia applications, the operating frequency of these integra...