Cultural Relations

Findings of the Literature Review

    The term ‘cultural relations’ refers to interventions in foreign cultural arenas with the aim of enhancing intercultural dialogue and bringing about mutual benefits connected to security, stability and prosperity. There is no universally agreed definition of cultural relations. The conceptual confusion can lead to differences in practice, though it can also enable flexibility.

    Just as there is no common definition of cultural relations, there is no one correct approach to good cultural relations, or simple method of evaluating them

    Just as there is no common definition of cultural relations, there is no one correct approach to good cultural relations, or simple method of evaluating cultural relations.  Practitioners face very different cultural and geopolitical contexts. Effective cultural relations necessarily involve flexibly adapting programmes in ways that resonate with these contexts.
    ‘Cultural relations’ is primarily a practitioners’ term and often regarded as synonymous with ‘cultural diplomacy’, ‘public diplomacy’ and - for some - as contributing to their country’s ‘soft power’. These terms belong within the same broad semantic field and share many common features, but it is important to distinguish them.  Cultural relations practitioners aspire to genuine reciprocity and mutual understanding, while cultural and public diplomacy, and soft power, sometimes bear connotations of instrumentalism and self-interest.
    The emphasis on the intrinsic versus instrumental value of culture varies between different institutions and countries. Some tend to eschew overt instrumentalist ambitions and instead stress intrinsic value, while others are more comfortable with a balancing act between intrinsic and instrumental goals.  The intrinsic value of cultural projects should remain paramount. But instrumental goals, when defined in ways that express mutual benefit, can and should be included for pragmatic purposes, and in response to changing funding regimes and requirements.

    German cultural relations are founded on a ‘strong’ conception of culture (where culture is closely tied to national history, language and identity). In contrast, British cultural relations are based on a ‘weak’ conception of culture, emerging from a tradition of liberal individualism and British empiricism

    Assessing the value of cultural relations in different countries and for different actors requires a range of methodologies that take diverse perspectives into account. It is important to situate the strategies and practices of cultural relations organisations like the Goethe-Institut and British Council within the wider histories of their countries to understand their distinctive approaches. German cultural relations are founded on a ‘strong’ conception of culture (where culture is closely tied to national history, language and identity). In contrast, British cultural relations are based on a ‘weak’ conception of culture, emerging from a tradition of liberal individualism and British empiricism. Germany and the UK have very similar goals in deploying culture relations to assist societies in transition.  But they have different modi operandi.
    The complex and nuanced nature of cultural relations suggests that attempts to evaluate them will themselves have to be sophisticated, nuanced, and sensitive to the different contexts in which they are taking place and different actors involved.

The Literature Review draws on a detailed investigation of the existing academic literature in German and English on cultural relations, soft power, and related concepts.

Observations about the reasons why governments typically become concerned about the state of their national image; some remarks about the various image challenges which countries can face; thoughts about the central role played by cultural relations and cultural activities in shaping international perceptions of places; the role played by political and other kinds of leaders.

In an attempt to understand German-Portuguese cultural relations, this article explores the discovery, reception and distribution of Renaissance writer Luís Vaz de Camões in Germany and subsequent in-tertextual production. The aims of this study are then threefold: First of all, I am to give an updated historical overview of Camões’ reception which then allows for a deeper understanding of Camões’ portrayal as Portugal’s tragic hero in German Romanticism. This then leads to a discussion of the pro-jected decline of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation which were articulated by Friedrich Schlegel and his contemporaries. Lastly, this essay focuses on similar discourses of decline in Reinhold Schneider’s Das Leiden des Camões oder Untergang und Vollendung der portugiesischen Macht which aimed to explore historical decline and personal existentialist questions through a historical as well as a fictional interpretation of Camões’ life.

For a long time, the Late Neolithic was one of the most poorly studied prehistoric periods in Bulgaria. In the last decade, this lack was overcome for Thrace and Northeastern Bulgaria, but the period remains weakly known for the Bulgarian Black sea littoral.
In the article, some pottery is presented from the Durankulak–Nivata settlement (with parallels in the Usoe II culture), Shabla settlement (with parallels in Usoe II culture), from the tell Provadia–Solnitsata (with parallels in Karanovo III–IV culture), chance finds from the Varna region (with parallels in Karanovo III–IV culture), and a hoard from near the town of Primorsko (with parallels in Yarımburgaz 2, Toptepe II–IV and Aşağı Pınar 2 and 3). This material demonstrates intensive inter-cultural contacts North–South and vice versa along the western Black sea coast, none of which excludes East–West networks inland and back.
The author’s goal is to focus attention on the important new finds of this period and to the Late Neolithic communities’ relationships with other groups in the Western Black sea coastal zone.

Cultural diplomacy, as a set of activities, undertaken directly by or in collaboration with diplomatic authorities of a state, which are aimed at the promotion of foreign policy interests of this state in the realm of cultural policy primarily by means of fostering its cultural exchange with other (foreign) states, is an important part of  diplomacy in our days. In practice, cultural diplomacy can include the following main activities: assisting cultural subjects in the dissemination of national culture and cultural identity, promoting dissemination of the national language of the sending state in the receiving state, promoting and explaining cultural values of the sending state in the receiving state, negotiating international treaties on cultural cooperation and, finally, supporting and keeping up contacts with expatriate communities in the receiving state. However, the structure, as well as the overall intensity of the cultural-diplomatic activities may vary depending on the state and its foreign policy priorities and ambitions.

The main basis of Turkey’s cultural relations with Bosnia and Herzegovina is its shared history, religion, culture shared with Bosnia and Herzegovina in some respects and ‘Turkish language’. In this respect, the aim of this thesis is to examine and present the organizations of Yunus Emre Institute in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the context of cultural relations between Turkey and Bosnia and Herzegovina and the impact of Yunus Emre Institute’s teaching Turkish activities in the Cantons of Bosnia and Herzegovina to these relations. Therefore, this thesis takes an exploratory and descriptive approach and uses qualitative methods to examine Yunus Emre Institute focusing on its cultural relations activities through teaching the Turkish language.
In the past decade, Turkey has become more effective and outcome-oriented in the Balkans and particularly in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Turkey’s long-standing historical ties and cultural relations with the Balkans have also been influential in reconstructing them through linguistic and cultural interaction. Teaching Turkish has been a significant part of the Turko-Bosnian cultural interaction. As a result, the first center of Yunus Emre Institute has been opened in Bosnia Herzegovina to perpetuate the present entirety of Turkish-Bosnian cultural relations and interaction.
Bosnia and Herzegovina was one of the most important eyalets of the Ottoman Empire for more than 400 years. In the aspect of language, these two nations influenced each other by virtue of living together. Namely, Turkey is aware that it is essential to continue to develop these historical and cultural ties between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Turkey because of the positive bilateral relations in the other areas. Therefore, Turkey aims steadily over the past decade to extend its relationship with Bosnia and Herzegovina through its cultural diplomacy mechanisms strengthening its cultural relations efforts of Yunus Emre Cultural Centers.

Key Words: Turkish Language, Cultural Relations, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Turkey, Yunus Emre Institute

The Hungarian Plain, and particularly the Tisza region, became one of the prominent geographical regions
of Europe in archaeological scholarship with a focus on cultural history in the wake of Flóris
Rómer’s activity, the presentation of the Bronze Age tell settlement at Tószeg-Laposhalom at the international
archaeological conference held in 1876 and the masterly archaeological surveys written by V.
Gordon Childe and Ferenc Tompa. The models constructed during this initial period invoked cultural
stimuli from various regions to explain development in the Carpathian Basin, based on the belief that
the primary centres of civilisation lay in the “terramare world” of Italy, the Mesopotamian region of the
Near East and the fertile loess regions of Central Europe.
An awareness of the archaeological significance of the Tisza region on a European scale came with the
perception that the Neolithic and Bronze Age tells lay on the fringes of major cultural complexes. Nevertheless,
the interwar and the post-World War 2 period were dominated by a Central European orientation
in Hungarian archaeology. At this time, the Vardar-Morava-Danube-Tisza axis was regarded as the main
route along which Neolithic cultural impulses were transmitted, while Vladimir Milojčić’s comprehensive
overview written in 1949 outlined the broad South-East and East European background of these impulses.
Following the brief overview of research history, the study presents the spatial models of the Late Neolithic
monumental community architecture of the Carpathian Basin in general, and of the Tisza region
in particular, alongside its different configurations and distribution in the period between 5000 and
4500 BC (Fig. 1). The main “building blocks” of this architectural system are the tells themselves, the concentric
enclosures and the houses arranged in circles. As “significant forms”, these macro-architectural
elements often meshed and complemented each other, forming unique complexes, which undoubtedly
conveyed sophisticated social and ritual meanings. An overlap between the different norms governing
spatial organisation during the Late Neolithic in the Carpathian Basin can be noted along the Tisza,
resulting in settlements organised according to various geometric principles. This is best and most
convincingly illustrated by the complex model of the Polgár-Csőszhalom settlement and its internal
organisation. Viewed in a South-European complex, it is quite evident that tells, as macro-structures,
appeared more or less simultaneously with the adoption of new lifeways at the onset of the Neolithic
in the Aegean around 6500 BC. On the testimony of the radiocarbon dates, early farming spread rapidly
northwards through the Balkans, reaching the Maros around 6000 BC. This period saw less intensely
occupied settlements and translocal communities characterised by greater mobility. Tell settlements first
appeared in this region much later, around 5100/5000 BC. One feasible interpretation is that this reflects
the spread of two different community attitudes and two cultural dynamics: the first representing the
explosive spread and growth of a new subsistence strategy in the south-easterly regions of Europe, the
other reflecting the emergence of communities adapting to local conditions and constructing a permanent
spatial expression of their social identity in the process. The latter differed from one region to the
next and was constructed on several different levels – it can perhaps best be described with the model
of cultural niche construction.

Il pubblico dell’archeologia è frutto dei cambiamenti di prospettiva sull’uso delle
antichità nel corso della storia. Ma anche se il suo potenziale globale è stato intuito da
secoli, ancora oggi si fatica a tenere insieme sviluppo culturale, economico e sociale, per una
effettiva condivisione del valore dell’antico per i contemporanei.
The public of archaeology is the result of changes of perspective on the use of antiquities
throughout history. But even if its global potential has been intuited for centuries, it is still
difficult to keep together cultural, economic and social development, for an effective sharing
of the value of the ancient for contemporaries.

Nos últimos anos, os pesquisadores vêm dispensando uma atenção cada vez maior aos processos de encontro, contato e intercâmbio cultural, de maneira que, em termos da pesquisa universitária, a assim denominada “virada culturalista” tem se afirmado como um paradigma vigoroso, estimulando a criação de linhas de investigação bastante inovadoras ou mesmo a retomada de objetos já consagrados sob uma nova perspectiva. Tendo em vista essas considerações pretendemos, neste artigo, discutir a maneira pela qual os autores contemporâneos têm reinterpretado a dinâmica religiosa no Império Romano, com destaque para a aplicação do modelo da Wave theory ao estudo das relações entre o judaísmo e ocristianismo no Mundo Antigo.

In the hectic aftermath of the Allied invasion of Iran and Reza Shah's abdication the Association of Iran-Soviet Cultural Relations was established with the aim of cultivating amity and common understanding between the two nations, with subsidiary branches later being established in major cities, namely Tabriz, Mashhad, Gorgan, and Isfahan. The Association played a pivotal role in promoting Soviet cultural diplomacy in Iran in the period 1942-1953. Following the coup of 1953 (28 Mordad Coup d'etat) the Association's activities lost momentum and ceased to publish its magazine only a year after its first volume. The Association restarted its activities after a couple of years; however, it only managed to be a shadow of its early years. So far, no research has been conducted on the Association of Iran-Soviet Cultural Relations, thus, the current article has used library and archival sources to study the Association's establishment, and applied descriptive-analytical method to assess the circumstances under which it declined.

Although the eastern part of Anatolia and the geography of Georgia contain different political formations, geographically, they are like two halves of a whole. Both geographies were home to a culture - Kura Araxes - that subsisted from the end of the 4th millennium BC to the end of the 3rd millennium BC. Taking into account the surface area of the geography in which Kura-Araxes culture has spread, it is understood that the hegemony of culture has a developed, multi-component social dynamics. Thus, what were left from their communities, which are the carriers of the culture, exhibit some common features as well as some differences: one of these is the burial customs. In this article, graves/gravesites sharing the cultural chronology of Kura-Araxes in the Eastern Anatolia Region and the geography of Georgia are discussed. The parallelisms and contradictions in the burial customs are analyzed through the key graves/gravesites. The fi ndings obtained from the key graves/gravesites are reviewed in order to compare the burial customs of both geographies. With this method, the relations between the Eastern Anatolia Region and Georgia during Kura-Araxes period, where the culture spread, are analyzed through the burial customs. The data obtained show that even though the people of both geographies have buried their dead in a number of different practices, they share a rather homogeneous tradition.

Esta ponencia trata sobre el Instituto Colombiano de Cultura Hispánica (ICCH), fundado en 1951, y una de sus primeras iniciativas culturales y científicas: la publicación de la Flora de la Real Expedición Botánica (1783-1816), la cual continúa hasta el presente. El ICCH, uno de los antecesores del actual Instituto Colombiano de Antropología e Historia (ICANH), estuvo encargado a mediados del siglo XX de estrechar los intercambios educativos y culturales de Colombia con la España franquista, además de exaltar la raigambre hispánica de la nacionalidad colombiana.  La publicación de la Flora convocó a expertos en ambas orillas del Atlántico, incluidos prestigiosos botánicos colombianos de la comunidad jesuita, y supuso importantes transferencias e intercambios de conocimiento, todavía poco estudiados. Se propone reconstruir las motivaciones de estas acciones culturales en un contexto sociopolítico signado por una conflictiva Restauración Conservadora (1946-1957) y la exacerbación de la violencia entre los partidos tradicionales colombianos. De esta manera, se busca reflexionar por las relaciones entre Estado, diplomacia cultural y unas contradictorias definiciones de lo nacional en ese período, afirmadas en el hispanismo, el catolicismo, la visión patriótica de la ciencia y una “modernización reaccionaria”.

Abstract: Cultural challenges for Romania and Bulgaria at the beginning of the
Cold War. Institutions and means for cultural propaganda
After the natural setback in the 1950s, when the whole world was getting
reconfigured over new alignments, the inter-war institutions have been partially redeemed,
keeping however only those functions considered useful and harmless for the Communist
dictatorships of Eastern Europe. This article proposes a comparative analysis of two
eminently socialist cultural institutions and the implications of the ideological components
involved in their functioning: the I.R.R.C.S. in Romania and the Committee for Foreign
Friendship and Cultural Relations in Bulgaria.
Keywords: Cultural propaganda, Romanian-Bulgarian cultural exchanges, Cultural
Institutions, Romanian literature, Bulgarian literature.

Abstract. The paper reports on the study of two bronze shaft-hole axes from the multilayered Tell Yunatsite site located in the western part of the Thracian valley in Bulgaria. Artifacts from the settlement are valuable for addressing a number of issues regarding Balkans archaeology as well as cultural and historical contacts with neighboring regions and more remote areas. The radiocarbon dates indicate that the axe from horizon VI dates from the Early Bronze Age III, the axe from horizon II is dated to a later stratigraphic layer. Described analogies to these bronze axes from Tell Yunatsite confirm historical and cultural as well as production links between Western Thrace and Northern Greece, Western and Central Anatolia in Early Bronze Age III.
Keywords: Bronze Age; Balkans; settlement Tell Yunatsite; bronze shaft-hole axes; stratigraphy; chronology; cultural and production connections

Immediately after World War II, the United States deployed a
series of information and cultural schemes as part of their strategy of confrontation
with the USSR. This «information machine» intended to promote
sympathy for America’s leadership within the Western bloc. Spain
was made part of these plans only when its strategic position set aside former
ideological prejudices against Franco’s dictatorship. After the 1953
bilateral pacts, US culture and information activities there focused on
drawing the support of key ruling elites, and getting them closer to US
motives.

A l’Opera de Halle (Allemagne), L‘Africaine (1865), Grand opera de Giacomo Meyerbeer, a ete revisite par une equipe euro-africaine de maniere radicalement innovante pour la saison 2018/19. L’objectif de leur mise-en-scene interculturelle etait de deconstruire la perspective coloniale et exotisante de l’œuvre pour re-evaluer les relations euro-africaines et proposer une « re-africanisation » en quatre etapes. A partir d’une analyse des relations et imbrications (post)-coloniales dans l’Opera et son repertoire depuis le 18 e siecle, la contribution analyse la reinterpretation de L’Africaine a Halle a la lumiere d’autres mises-en-scene contemporaines. L’œuvre de Meyerbeer s’inscrit ainsi dans le contexte de l’actuelle renaissance africaine et des propositions recentes pour repenser les relations interculturelles entre l’Afrique et l’Europe.

Stefan Savov Bobchev was a chairman of the Slavic Society in Sofia for nearly 40 years (1903-1940). A university professor, he was a member of the Academies of Sciences of Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia, and of the Polish Scientific Society in Lvov. Nikola Savov Bobchev graduated from a high school in Nikolaev and got a PhD in philosophy at Leipzig. He worked as a teacher, director of the National Library in Sofia and editor of the Slavic Society in Bulgaria. Both brothers have large archival funds in the Bulgarian Historical Archives at the St. St. Cyril and Methodius National Library (CMNL-BHA). There is an interesting red book “The Justice of Old Poland. Lectures of S. S. Bobchev”. Prof. Petar Dinekov wrote letters from Warsaw to Dr. N. Bobchev about the literary and political life in Poland. The documentary heritage of S. Bobchev and N. Bobchev paints a vivid and rich of details of the relationship between the intellectual elites of the two European nations.

The article considers the role of cultural relations in the harmonization of international relations. In order to create a favorable image of the country and promote national interests, cultural ties are important. In turn, cultural ties can reveal the active foundations of foreign policy as an effective tool for coordinating international relations. Therefore, it is emphasized that the need to activate cultural ties is of great importance in the national foreign policy. From the point of view of national interests, cultural ties are of national importance.

Anyone studies the history of the Syrian-Romanian cultural relations will feel the huge generosity of the Romanian leaders and people they gave to the Syrians who visited the Romanian principalities seeking this support. The first printer press enters the Arab world was the one brought from Bucharest to Aleppo in Syria (1706). The first books in Arabic types printed by Syrian people were books printed in Bucharest. Sylvester of Antioch, as all Syrian religious men who proceeded him in visiting the Romanian principalities, received the full support from Prince Mavrocordatos. Sylvester could print, in Bucharest, five Christian books in Arabic type letters. Sylvester took another printer press with him from Bucharest to Aleppo. These five books were the last ones that printed in Bucharest, but previous to them there were 14 books as a result of joint Syrian-Romanian efforts.

Abstract
The article discusses the role of traditional religions in the preservation of spirituality and unity of the nation. From the standpoint of national interests the religious issue is state important. Therefore, in the article mentioned that need to put in order the activities of religious processes, because the national religious policy has the great importance.

Андатпа
Мақалада мәдени байланыстардың халықаралық қатынастарды үйлестірудегі рөлі қарастырылады. Еліміздің қолайлы имиджін жасау, ұлттық мүддені ілгерілетуде мәдени байланыстың мемлекеттік маңызы зор. Себебі мәдени байланыстар халықаралық қатынастарды үйлестірудің тиімді құралы ретінде сыртқы саясаттың белсенді негіздерін аша алады. Сондықтан мәдени байланыстарды жандандыру қажеттілігі, ұлттық сыртқы саясатта зор маңызға ие болатындығы айтылған.

The article deals with the relationship between the Kazakh Khanate and the Safavid state. Analyzing historical sources testifying to the existence of diplomatic relations between the Kazakh rulers and the Safavid state in the XVI – early XVIII century, it was concluded that in historical sources the Kazakh Khanate was a full-fledged subject of international relations

L’Archivio Prezzolini custodisce un’ampia messe di documenti, rilevanti sotto molteplici punti di vista. Dopo una presentazione dei fondi letterari più significativi dell’Archivio, ci si concentrerà sulle carte di Prezzolini. Fra queste vi sono documenti ancora da studiare che, oltre a testimoniare l’eccezionale attività culturale del possessore, si rivelano preziosi per ricerche dedicate a tematiche più generali e altri autori. La seconda parte dell’articolo mostrerà il potenziale di tali documenti illustrando l’attività culturale di Prezzolini come mediatore fra Italia e Stati Uniti.

Bu bildiride Türkiye'nin Afrika ülkeleri ile ilişkilerinin gelişmesinde Türk İşbirliği ve Koordinasyon Ajansı'nın (TİKA) üstlendiği ve yürüttüğü rol ele alınacaktır. Türkiye, 2000'li yılların ortalarından itibaren kalkınma işbirliği politikası çerçevesinde hem yakın bölgesindeki hem de Afrika ve Orta Asya gibi nispeten uzağındaki bölge ülkeleriyle ilişkilerini geliştirme, onların kültürel ve ekonomik bakımdan gelişmelerine katkıda bulunma konusunda önemli misyonlar üstlenmiştir.

The article considers the materials from 6 cemeteries on the Vetluga-Vyatka interfluve with belts or their fragments discovered in 44.5-87.5% of the burial complexes (burials and sacrificial complexes between the graves). The author established a tendency towards a reduction in the number of belts, especially of the composite type, at sites dating back to the period after the turn of the 12th century. In the systematization of the material the author focused not on the individual categories of adornments, but rather on the features of the complete set of findings, if possible, considering the way that the belt was worn. As a result, a total of 52 belt sets were identified, which were classified into 4 primary types. Articles with the following attributes were treated as analogues: precise similarity of the shape, repetition of the ornament in details, place of the item within the set. If one of the three attributes was missing, the articles were not treated as analogues. Wide analogies in the antiquities of Mordva, Perm Cis-Urals and Magyar monuments allowed to reveal the features of belt sets for the 9th-11th century burial grounds on the Vetluga-Vyatka interfluve.

Resumo Nos últimos anos, os pesquisadores vêm dispensando uma atenção cada vez maior aos processos de encontro, contato e intercâmbio cultural, de maneira que, em termos da pesquisa universitária, a assim denominada " virada culturalista " tem se afirmado como um paradigma vigoroso, estimulando a criação de linhas de investigação bastante inovadoras ou mesmo a retomada de objetos já consagrados sob uma nova perspectiva. Tendo em vista essas considerações pretendemos, neste artigo, discutir a maneira pela qual os autores contemporâneos têm reinterpretado a dinâmica religiosa no Império Romano, com destaque para a aplicação do modelo da Wave theory ao estudo das relações entre o judaísmo e o cristianismo no Mundo Antigo. Abstract Nowadays, scholars have been particularly interested in studying the processes of encounter, contact and cultural interchange. So that, in terms of ongoing research, the so-called " cultural turning-point " has been converted into a suggestive paradigm, stimulating the creation of original research fields as well as the retrieval of old issues from a new perspective. In the light of it, we intend to discuss, in this article, how some contemporary authors have interpreted the social religious dynamic in the Roman Empire, highlighting the application of the Wave Theory model to the relationship between Judaism and Christianity in the Ancient World.

The official Guide to Candidates considering and then preparing a bid for the European Capitals of Culture from 2020 to 2033.  I am the principal author.  The paper seeks to focus city bids on the requirements of the competition, how it now differs from previous ECOC competitions (1985-2019) and the importance of the European Dimension to differentiate it from the increasing number of national city of culture competitions.

This article narrates three stories which are variously instructive for creative professionals engaged in international collaborations, funding agencies promoting cross-cultural dialogue and partnerships, and policy-makers working to boost cultural relations.

Cultural diplomacy, as a set of activities, undertaken directly by or in collaboration with diplomatic authorities of a state, which are aimed at the promotion of foreign policy interests of this state in the realm of cultural policy primarily by means of fostering its cultural exchange with other (foreign) states, is an important part of diplomacy in our days. In practice, cultural diplomacy can include the following main activities: assisting cultural subjects in the dissemination of national culture and cultural identity, promoting dissemination of the national language of the sending state in the receiving state, promoting and explaining cultural values of the sending state in the receiving state, negotiating international treaties on cultural cooperation and, finally, supporting and keeping up contacts with expatriate communities in the receiving state. However, the structure, as well as the overall intensity of the cultural-diplomatic activities may vary depending on the state...

The article describes the role of cultural, educational and scientific links in strengthening cooperation between Kazakhstan and Central Asian countries. Historical roots and cultural traditions of the Central Asia have been mentioned and the action on revival common spiritual culture over the years of independence was reviewed. The aspects of development and strengthening of relationships in the spheres of education, science, culture were clarified. Analysis of the protection and preservation of common historical, cultural and spiritual values for the countries of Central Asia, the ancient spiritual reconciliation, and civilization approach are important for the regional countries, proven by concrete examples. The effectiveness of cultural contacts in coordinating regional cooperation was analyzed.