E Banking

As a result of changes in approach from traditional to virtual banking system, security in data exchange has become more important; thus, it seems essentially necessary to present a pattern based on smart models in order to reduce fraud in this field. A new algorithm has been provided in this article to improve security and to specify the limits of giving special services to Internet banking users in order to pave appropriate ground for virtual banking. In addition to identifying behavioral models of customers, this algorithm compares the behaviors of any customer with this model and finally computes the rate of trust in customer’s behavior. The hybrid data-mining and knowledge based structure has been adapted in this algorithm according to fuzzy systems. In this research, qualitative data was gathered from interviews with banking experts, analyzed by Expert Choice to identify the most important variables of customer behavior analysis, and to analyze customer behavior and customer b...

ABSTRACT The need to reduce operational costs and meet the increasing expectations of customers while remaining competitive has forced banks to deploy information technologies into the provision of banking services. The adoption rate of some of these electronic banking services is, however, not as good as initially hoped for. This study expanded the Technology Acceptance Model by including trust, subjective norm and demographic variables to understand the factors that influence retail banking customers’ attitude towards cell phone banking services. Data was collected from retail banking customers in Gauteng, South Africa, using a self filling structured questionnaire. A total of 394 usable responses were received. Result of the analysis show that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, trust and subjective norm are all significantly related to attitude towards cell phone banking. Trust was, however, found to have the strongest predictive power on customers’ attitude towards cell phone banking than all the other variables. Furthermore, attitude was found to contribute significantly to customers’ intention to start using/continue using cell phone banking services. These findings have wider implications on efforts aimed at encouraging more customers to make use of cell phone banking and these have been highlighted in the paper.

South African retail banks, like retail banks elsewhere in the world, are investing significant amounts of capital into the provision of e-banking services in the hope that this will translate into higher returns and market penetration. However, the rapid adoption of these e-banking services is still in doubt. Any strategy aimed at achieving widespread adoption and use of these e-banking services rests on solid understanding of factors that influence customers’ adoption and use of the services. This study adds trust in the e-banking system, customer awareness of e-banking services and perceived self-efficacy, together with the TAM constructs of perceived usefulness and ease of use to improve the understanding of the predicators of Internet and cellphone banking services adoption in South Africa. For this study, a cross-sectional descriptive survey design was used to obtain data from 394 customers of the four major retail banks in South Africa through self-administered questionnaires...

This Article directs scholarly and regulatory attention to an overlooked sub-category within online and mobile entities that offer financial services – big data and social netbanks. Recently, big data companies like Google, Amazon and Apple, as well as social networks like Facebook and Twitter, have been making forays into the financial services market, capitalizing on their massive troves of user data and social information. Providing the first in-depth study of big data and social netbanks, this Article analyzes these players’ entry into the financial services market and surveys the current regulatory framework for those new bank-like entities. Despite the large numbers of technology companies offering financial services and their massive pool of subscribers, regulation of online nonbanks currently consists of a hodgepodge of statutes and regulations. In particular, as this Article shows, existing regulation does not differentiate between this recently emerging form of bank-like services and other online/mobile nonbanks. As big data and social netbanks increasingly eat at the edges of the traditional banking market, this Article makes a key descriptive contribution by presenting a comprehensive analysis of the new entrants. This Article also makes a significant normative contribution by listing the distinctive characteristics of big data and social netbanks and other issues that regulators should be mindful of when designing an appropriate regulatory scheme. These characteristics and issues include consumers’ access to financial services, social consequences, competition in the financial market, cybersecurity, privacy, and specific consumers’ rights.

This paper aims to examine the association between the perception of business school students and their adoption of e-banking services. This study integrates Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and perceived risk to explain the adoption of e-banking. The study measures customer perception towards the adoption of e-banking services in terms of a) perceived usefulness, b) ease of use and c) perceived risks. Based on descriptive and causal research designs, the study made use of primary data collected through a structured questionnaire surveyed successfully on 159 business school students. By using descriptive statistics, t-test, correlation and regression, the study discovered that customer perception of usefulness, ease of use and risks have impacted on the adoption and use of e-banking services. Among the three perception variables measured, perceived usefulness made the strongest influence on business students’ adoption of e-banking in Kathmandu. The study findings should prove instr...

Customer relationship and retention is the key to success for banks. One of the way to achieve it, is through improvement in overall service quality of online banking. This paper have identified factors influencing overall service quality of online banking by survey of 400 online banking users and have proposed a model. After that psychographic and demographic variables are identified and classification is being done within respondents using cluster analysis and researcher get three clusters. Appropriate statistical techniques like k-means cluster, hierarchal cluster analysis were used to classify the segment of respondents. The paper concludes that ebanking user are classified in three clusters and their behavior for each cluster is different. The behavior of cluster one is positive and they are accepting the changes, the behavior of cluster two is negative, they are not ready to accept the changes and the behavior of cluster three is mixture of both clusters.

November 8th, 2016 was a path breaking day in Indian economy when Govt. of India has demonetized the high value currency notes and replaced with new notes of Rs.500 and Rs.2000. This move Govt. was taken to clean the black money from the market, to inspire digital economy and to reduce the ‘Cash’ payment culture of some people for tax evasion. The overnight decision changed the life of many people in India. Thousands of people they waited in long queues in front of Banks, ATMs for money. Entire social life of people throughout the country got distracted. Many poor daily wage workers were left with no job and income as owners were unable to pay their daily wage because of less cash, around 15 lakh jobs have been obsolete during this one year. Despite Govt. of India has taken a bold step to make India corruption free and inspire the people in cashless transaction but after one year can we say India is really corruption free? Can we observe any significant improvement in cashless trans...

In recent times the Indian population has started availing the facilities of the banks. E banking trend is spreading at a faster rate in all the countries. Banks provide internet banking services to its national and international customers. Internet banking is very cost effective and speedy processing method. The background of the study was to find out whether this advancement of banking technology reach rural areas. The study objectives were framed 1. To study the impact of demographic factors on the awareness level of respondents about E-Banking. 2. To find and analyze the factors influencing use of E-banking. 3. To find out the opinion of the respondents regarding the various problems of E banking. The study was conducted collecting information through structured questionnaire from 250 respondents of which 52.8% of the respondents are male and 47.2% of the respondents were female. It was found that 55.2% were holding accounts in public sector banks and 44.8% of the respondents in private sectors banks. Around 31.2% of the respondents revealed that they have not used the E banking facility so far. The main reasons for not using the E banking facility being lack of user friendly bank websites and lack of high speed internet. To increase the number of E banking users in rural areas, the banks must provide adequate training to customers, encourage the customers to use the facility and also provide user friendly website.

November 8th, 2016 was a path breaking day in Indian economy when Govt. of India has demonetized the high value currency notes and replaced with new notes of Rs.500 and Rs.2000. This move Govt. was taken to clean the black money from the market, to inspire digital economy and to reduce the ‘Cash’ payment culture of some people for tax evasion. The overnight decision changed the life of many people in India. Thousands of people they waited in long queues in front of Banks, ATMs for money. Entire social life of people throughout the country got distracted. Many poor daily wage workers were left with no job and income as owners were unable to pay their daily wage because of less cash, around 15 lakh jobs have been obsolete during this one year. Despite Govt. of India has taken a bold step to make India corruption free and inspire the people in cashless transaction but after one year can we say India is really corruption free? Can we observe any significant improvement in cashless trans...

The primary aim of the study was to assess the performance of Ghanaian banks using the CAMELS rating model. The model is an acronym for capital adequacy, assets quality, management efficiency, earning, liquidity, and sensitivity. The rating is based on ratio analysis of the financial statements together with an onsite examination by the regulatory authority. A total of 10 banks were selected for a seven-year period. A standard multiple regression was employed in the study to analyse the effect the various components of the CAMELS model have on the performance of banks in Ghana. The findings from the analysis of the computed ratios from the financial statements of the selected banks indicated that Earning stood out as the highly significant factor that affects the performance of banks in Ghana. A percentage change in earning will result in a whopping 82.5% increment in bank performance measured by ROE. Capital adequacy, assets quality, management efficiency, and liquidity were equall...

My thesis focuses on addressing the legal issue of enforcement raised by the process of entering into a transaction using electronic means. In particular, I explore the enforcement of electronic transactions under the Rwandan law, the laws of selected countries and regions, international laws and instruments and it is limited to those transactions that are conducted and enabled by Internet and computer communication utilizing either an open or a closed network. To this end, I examine the enforcement of electronic transactions from both the domestic and international perspective, as it constitutes a comparison in two-folds of describing and analyzing the enforcement of electronic transaction elements in accordance with the legal framework, as well as taking into account the enforcement of electronic transactions according to the regulatory and decision - making bodies by referring to case law and legal doctrine. Finally, it speaks and offers scholars, government legislators, investors, business owners, company owners, consumers who often engage in electronic transactions on a large scale (multi - jurisdictional transactions, international transactions or cross - border transactions) or on a small scale (domestic transactions or national transactions) novel approaches to dealing with identified deficiencies. It also recommends improving the legislation relating to the enforcement of electronic transactions and any other related legislation in order to close the gaps in the enforcement of electronic transactions. http://dr.ur.ac.rw/handle/123456789/1060

Many financial institutions have deployed CAPTCHAs to protect their services (e.g., e-banking) from automated attacks. In addition to CAPTCHAs for login, CAPTCHAs are also used to prevent malicious manipulation of e-banking transactions by automated Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) attackers. Despite serious financial risks, security of e-banking CAPTCHAs is largely unexplored. In this paper, we report the first comprehensive study on e-banking CAPTCHAs deployed around the world. A new set of image processing and pattern recognition techniques is proposed to break all e-banking CAPTCHA schemes that we found over the Internet, including three e-banking CAPTCHA schemes for transaction verification and 41 schemes for login. These broken e-banking CAPTCHA schemes are used by thousands of financial institutions worldwide, which are serving hundreds of millions of e-banking customers. The success rate of our proposed attacks are either equal to or close to 100%. We also discuss possible improveme...

Internet banking provides alternatives for faster delivery of banking services to a wider range of customers. Internet banking has gained in increasing popularity and has attracted the attention of both customers and bankers. This paper aims to collect decision maker’s perceptions and ranking of the Internet banking service quality in public and private banks in Egypt, this study uses seven key decision makers were also approached using semi-structured interviews to get the broader picture, where data was interpretively analysed and coded using Nvivo. The outcomes may help the management of banks develop effective strategic planning for the future of electronic banking in developing countries like Egypt.

Consumers are constantly evolving, and the latest trend is consumers' increasingly wide-ranging level of cynicism, scepticism and indifference towards brands. This has resulted in a general decline in trust, respect and loyalty between consumers and brands. In the current banking scenario, it is obvious that banks gain a competitive advantage by rendering efficient service and thereby enhancing customer relationship. More emphasis on creating loyal customers is the need of the hour. It is pivotal for all players in the financial service industry to understand the needs of the customer and customize services based on their needs. This research work, therefore, examines the customers’ perception of the consumer relations activities of Guaranty Trust Bank (GTBank) with specific reference to the branch of GTBank in the University of Lagos. The study sought to find out the customers’ relations activities of GTBank; to know the customers’ perception of the consumer relations activities of GTBank; and to determine the factors that influence customer’s perception of GTBank Consumer relations activities. The theoretical frameworks for this study were perception theory propounded by Berelson and Steiner in 1994 and SERQUAL model propounded by Parasuraman, Zeithaml and Berry in 1988 with works of scholars both local and international on customer relationship management in the banking industry empirically reviewed in this study. 5-item interview guide and 25-item questionnaires were used to collect data for this study using convenience sampling technique to determine the sample size of the respondents. Three staff members of Guaranty Trust Bank were interviewed and 241 questionnaires out of the administered 250 served as the respondents for this study. On the whole, this study found that Guaranty Trust Bank relates with their customers through activities like physical banking facility (conducive banking environment), staff interaction and engagement, customer guidance, customer education, mobile/online/technological services, online platforms customer service unit, corporate social responsibility programmes and events service pricing. Also, customers are aware of the customer service unit of Guaranty Trust Bank as one means of fostering relationship and they pointed out that the customer service efficiency is at average meaning that they are satisfied with the performance. Another findings was that customers rated the use of technology by Guaranty Trust Bank with reference to the bank’s Automated Teller Machine facility, 737 Mobile Banking, Internet Banking and social media interactions as the major factors that influence their positive perceptions of the consumer relations activities of Guaranty Trust Bank. The researcher recommended that Guaranty Trust Bank and other businesses offering services should make sure there is efficiency in those activities they used to connect with their customers. It also recommended that Guaranty Trust Bank should keep improving on their use of technology to promote positive customers’ perception and helped to promote goodwill between them and their customers. Also the researcher posits that online assistant platforms should be used to engage with customers because that is where the population are and because of convenience.

This paper aims to examine the association between the perception of business school students and their adoption of e-banking services. This study integrates Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and perceived risk to explain the adoption of e-banking. The study measures customer perception towards the adoption of e-banking services in terms of a) perceived usefulness, b) ease of use and c) perceived risks. Based on descriptive and causal research designs, the study made use of primary data collected through a structured questionnaire surveyed successfully on 159 business school students. By using descriptive statistics, t-test, correlation and regression, the study discovered that customer perception of usefulness, ease of use and risks have impacted on the adoption and use of e-banking services. Among the three perception variables measured, perceived usefulness made the strongest influence on business students’ adoption of e-banking in Kathmandu. The study findings should prove instr...

The paper examines the practices, opportunities and challenges of E-banking services in Ethiopia. Ethiopian banking system is one of the most underdeveloped compared to the rest of the world. In Ethiopia cash is still the most dominant medium of exchange and electronic-banking is not well known, let alone used for transacting banking business. All banks in Ethiopia except Dashen Bank are too late to move with technological advancement and they should clearly chart out the time schedule for their integration and technological advancement.

The 21 century has witnessed dramatic transformation in the financial sector as advances in information technology have created new ways of handling financial transactions through e-banking. In Cameroon, e-banking is still at it infancy and is still to be used as an operating saving tool in reducing cost and promoting customer – banker’s relationship. The main aim of this study was to identify the drivers to the customer’s perception of e-banking adoption in Cameroon by considering an extension in the Technological Adoption Model (TAM). The extended TAM was assessed using a sample survey of 210 customers. The psychometric properties of the data were investigated using the estimation of internal consistency reliability and the convergent and discriminate validity of the instrument items. The results estimated using a path regression analysis showed that perceived security, trust, cost of service, usefulness, and accessibility have significant influenced on customer’s attitudes and he...

The main objective of this research paper is to observe whether the selected Indian Banks have any effective Disaster Management System with reference to Disaster Avoidance, Disaster Recovery Plan (DRP) and Business Continuity Plan (BCP) as per RBI guidelines and other international standards. This was pursued by conducting structured interview of branch heads of the selected 16 scheduled banks of Meerut (U.P.). The researcher with the help of a questionnaire inquired from the b ranch heads of selected banks and compared the responses with the desired state using GAP Analysis Worksheet. The study indicated that the most of the banks selected by the researcher in his research backup its data at a Remote offsite location, have a BCP / DRP Plan available with them on software but they do not apply Disaster Management System as per RBI -“Guidelines on information security, Electronic Banking, Technology risk management and cyber frauds” and other international standards. The study concl...

A robust and high throughput Agrobacterium genetic transformation procedure has been developed for perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Embryogenic cal-lus lines were selected and maintained as plants in vitro. Embryogenic calli derived from meristematic regions of ...

This paper has covered the operational issues related to e-banking as well as customer’s perception on usage of e-banking a case study of Askari Bank, Pakistan. 40 staff members and four customers are selected as sample for this study. Both qualitative and quantitative methods are used to present the results. Descriptive statistics is applied to describe the demographic variables while for operational problems correlation was used. Finally cross case analysis present customers ’ perception about e-banking practices. Analysis shows that customer is not ready to adopt new technology that why their satisfaction level with e-banking is low. Internet speed and government policies are not supportive for e-banking in Pakistan. Due to lack of trust on technology and low computer literacy rate, customer hesitates to adopt new technology.: In order to promote IT culture in Pakistan, government has to reduce the internet rate. to promote the benefits of e-banking on media so that more user get...

Nowadays social media has a radical impact on the business world, becoming a great customer service tool across many industries. And banking is no exception. Thus, banks managers need to identify ways to make profitable use of the social media. By accepting the benefits and developing their presence in social media, banks will be closer to customers. The objective of our research is to study social media usage in the banking industry and to obtain a managerial view concerning barriers and challenges in the social media implementation process. From the research of the literature in the field, we observed that Social media was studied a lot from the customers' point of view, but there are not many studies on social media from a managerial point of view. This article presents a part of our research results regarding social media usage in banking in different regions of the world, specifically, the Mexican banking sector. We conducted a qualitative research based on interviews carri...

he aim of this article is to assess the attitudes of senior citizens towards cashless transactions (with a particular emphasis on mobile banking). The literature on the subject presents the dissemination of non-cash payment strategies as an opportunity to reduce the problem of exclusion. Moreover, the researchers who focus on the topic of financial exclusion diagnose self-exclusion within this social strata who do not use modern technologies for current financial activities, additionally pointing to the significant impact of a group of factors: demographic, economic, psychological and social. The considerations are based on a query of the subject literature and an analysis of selected secondary studies. It is noted that there are huge psychological barriers conditioned by a person’s lifestyle. Moreover, the continuous development of and technological progress in the banking sector hinders certain types of banking and deepens the level of financial exclusion of the oldest generation....

The providers of Internet banking services must be more responsive towards security requirements. While there is no doubt that Internet banking transaction should have layered protection against security threats, the providers should approach security considerations as part of their service offerings. Biometric based authentication and identification systems are the new solutions to address the issues of security and privacy. Using biometrics for identification restrict individuals from access to physical spaces and electronic services An effective authentication method should have customer acceptance, reliable performance, scalability to accommodate growth, and interoperability with existing systems and future plans. In this study, the security threats in Internet banking, its solutions in biometrics and its acceptance in the consumer market are studied using descriptive and exploratory research. The methods of descriptive research are used to obtain information concerning the majo...

Internet banking or e-banking systems are one of best examples of innovative technologies that have a great potential to create a win-win scenario for both customers and businesses. However, such potential can only be realized when there is sufficient spread of the technology among banking customers which then creates better economic feasibility for financial institutions. Therefore, understanding the factors that impact customers ’ willingness to use e-banking systems becomes imperative if banks are to witness the expected returns from their investments in these systems. The aim of this study is to understand whether the adoption of e-banking systems can better be explained as an outcome of individual characteristics of customers or as an outcome of the characteristics of the system itself. For this, we build a research model which integrates two types of factors: those that relate to the individual characteristics of the customers (customer-related factors) and those that relate t...

Abstract: Banks have been providing services electronically to consumers for decades. Examples include Electronic Funds Transfers, whether for small payments or large corporate management systems, as well as Automated Teller Machines (ATM) for withdrawing cash and convenient account access. Further, the rapid growth of the Internet as a channel for delivering services world-wide provides banks with great opportunities to extend their customer reach and offer better quality services to their customers. The adoption of Online Banking can be influenced by many factors, among which is the age of customers. This study explores the applicability of online banking in Bahrain from the points of view of mature customers above the age of 35. The study takes into consideration the importance of trust- in, and familiarity-with, the Internet as factors increasing online banking acceptance between mature people. The results show that in spite of their security concerns, mature customers are willi...