Ecnomics

يقدم الدكتور يوسف منصور ، وزير الدولة الأسبق للشؤون الاقتصادية والخبير الاقتصادي في ARDD ، قراءة في المشاريع المقررة للأردن في "صفقة القرن" التي تقدم للأردن 15 مشروعًا اقتصاديًا بقيمة معلنة تزيد عن 7365 مليون دولار أمريكي. مدة عشر سنوات. تم وصف هذه المشاريع في "الصفقة" في الصفحات 131-132 تحت عنوان "تعزيز التنمية الإقليمية والتكامل". سيتم تنفيذ المشاريع عند إبرام "الصفقة" من قبل الأطراف المعنية على ثلاث مراحل: المرحلة الأولى تمتد 4 سنوات. الثانية ، من 5 إلى 7 سنوات ، والثالثة ، من 8 إلى 10 سنوات.



يفحص د. منصور هذه المشاريع ويشكك في جدواها وتأثيرها ، ويخلص إلى أن: "من الواضح أن هذه المشاريع ليست مدروسة جيدًا لأن بعضها غامض وغير مؤكد فيما يتعلق بمصادر التمويل ، وليست من بين أولويات الأردن التنموية ، بل هي من بين الأولويات الأمنية الإسرائيلية ، وتدعم هذه المشاريع السيناريو الذي رفضته قيادة وشعب الأردن ، وقيمتها الحالية أقل بكثير مما وعدت به "الصفقة". وبالتالي ، فإن هذه المشاريع التي يُزعم أنها مفيدة للأردن ، ستزيد في الواقع عبء ديون الأردن دون إضافة أي قيمة تنموية ".

Un diritto per l'economia circolare Monica Cocconi «Il vero viaggio di scoperta non consiste nel cercare nuove terre ma nell'avere nuovi occhi» Marcel Proust Sommario: 1. Verso un nuovo paradigma di sviluppo.-2. Origine e caratteri del mo-dello dell'economia circolare.-3. La disciplina europea sul nuovo paradigma eco-nomico.-3.1 Il nuovo Pacchetto di direttive sull'economia circolare: l'anello man-cante verso un modello compiuto di circolarità.-3.2 Il decollo dell'economia cir-colare affidato all'approvvigionamento di materie prime.-3.3. Il contributo all'e-conomia circolare dell'uso di risorse biologiche e gli strumenti di regolazione del mercato.-4. Le traiettorie dell'introduzione del nuovo modello di sviluppo nella disciplina domestica e nella Costituzione.-5. L'attuazione del modello dell'econo-mia circolare negli appalti verdi.-6. Dal principio di chi inquina paga alla respon-sabilità estesa del produttore.-6.1 I limiti del sistema CONAI (Consorzio nazio-nale imballaggi) e le prospettive del suo superamento attraverso un differente siste-ma di compliance.-7. Le sfide poste all'Unione europea dall'emergere del nuovo modello economico.-8. Alcune osservazioni conclusive. 1. Verso un nuovo paradigma di sviluppo Un tema centrale nella ridefinizione in atto del modello europeo di svilup-po e della stessa identità europea è quello del ruolo del diritto amministrativo dell'ambiente, nazionale ed europeo, nell'assicurarne la sostenibilità dinnanzi alle sfide globali relative al riscaldamento globale, alla limitatezza delle risorse natura-li e alla crescita della povertà 1. 1 Del modello attuale, peraltro, è diffusamente riconosciuta anche la forte instabilità, dotata, in realtà, di un'intensità e di una velocità superiori a quelle del passato poiché le maggiori interazioni esistenti fra le diverse componenti del sistema provocano un'accelerazione crescente dei suoi mutamenti. Per un approccio scienti

Kualitas produk dan kualitas pelayanan suatu merk adalah hal yang penting bagi seorang pelanggan. Dimana ketika pelanggan merasa produk memiliki kualitas yang baik maka presentasi skala respon dari pelanggan cukup tinggi begitupun juga pada tingkat presentase kualitas pelayanan. Kedua variabel akan dikaitkan dengan kepuasan pelanggan yang pada dasarnya berpengaruh karena kualitas produk dan kualitas pelayanan merupakan faktor yang dipertimbangkan seorang konsumen.

Resumen Propósito: El presente artículo se enfoca en las estrategias y tácticas utilizadas por Starbucks en materia económica, comercial y marketing que han contribuido a que actualmente se le reconozca como uno de los gigantes del mercadeo entre las empresas internacionales. Diseño/Metodología/Enfoque: El presente artículo exhibe de manera analítica los elementos de marketing de la coorporación de Starbucks de los cuales hacen uso a partir de un mecanismo de correlación con los elementos de marketing del Grupo Britt. Hallazgos: Se encontraron resultados convencionales en el cual muestra como Café Britt puede perder presencia en el mercado costarricense si no se adapta a la nueva era del marketing experiencial como lo ha hecho y domina Starbucks. Originalidad/valor: A pesar de la preexistencia de estudios nacionales como internacionales acerca del modelo económico y comercial de Starbucks, este puede considerarse el primer escrito que se orienta a la comparación entre Starbucks y Café Britt en materia de marketing experiencial. Abstract Purpose: This article focuses on the strategies and tactics used by Starbucks in economic, trade and marketing materials that have contributed that currently Starbucks is recognized as one of the giants of marketing among international companies. Design/Methodology/Approach: This journal is exposed on an analytical way the elements of marketing Starbucks Coorporación which make use from a mechanism of correlation with marketing elements of Group Britt. Findings: Conventional results shows how Café Britt may lose presence in the Costa Rican market if it doesn't adapt to the new era of experiential marketing as Starbucks has did it and dominated. Originality / value: Despite the pre-existence of national and international studies on the economic and Starbucks business model, this can be considered the first written that focus on the comparison between Starbucks and Café Britt on experiential marketing.

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perhitungan harga pokok produksi dengan pendekatan
job order costing, kesesuaian perhitungan harga pokok produksi dan mengetahui pengaruh harga pokok
produksi terhadap laba pada Usaha Meubel Meudang Perkasa. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui
penelitian lapangan (observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi). Selanjutnya data dianalisis secara deskriptif
dan kuantitatif menggunakan regresi linier sederhana. Penelitian menemukan bahwa perhitungan harga
pokok produksi pada Usaha Meubel Meudang Perkasa menggunakan pendekatan job order costing dan
penerapan sistem harga pokok tersebut sudah dilaksanakan secara baik sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip jor
order costing. Selanjutnya harga pokok produksi berdasarkan pendekatan job order costing berpengaruh
positif dan signifikan terhadap laba usaha Meubel Meudang Perkasa. Perhitungan harga pokok produksi
dengan pendekatan job order costing dapat meningkatkan laba usaha meubel tersebut. Hal ini
mengindikasikan bahwa sistem perhitungan harga pokok produksi dengan pendekatan JOC sudah cocok
diterapkan dalam pengelolaan usaha Meubel Meudang Perkasa Perabot. Kesimpulan yang dapat diambil
dari penelitian ini adalah, pengelola usaha Meubel Meudang Perkasa Lambhuk Banda Aceh menggunakan
sistem harga pokok produksi dengan pendekatan job order costing dalam pencatatan keuangan usahanya.
penerapan sistem tersebut sudah memiliki pengaruh positif bagi peningkatan laba usaha.
Kata Kunci: Job Order Costing, Harga Pokok Produksi, dan Laba Usaha

The objective of this paper is to examine the effects of economic
growth and the trade openness on the quality of the environment. Pesaran’s et al (2001) Auto-Regressive Distributed Lags (ARDL) was applied on the macroeconomic data of Cameroon dating from 1971 to 2011. The results reveal that: the economic growth induces a deterioration of the environment in the short-term but improves it in the long-term while the trade openness deteriorates the environment in Cameroon.

Imagine having the essential needs and ideas to communicate, but being unable to express them perhaps, feeling bombarded by sights and sounds, unable to focus attention or trying to read or add but not being able to make sense of the letters or numbers. You May be the parent or the teacher of a child experiencing academic problems, or have someone in your family diagnosed as being ‘Learning Disabled’. Possibly you were told that your child had a reading problem called dyslexia or some other learning disability.
Although from person to person different, these difficulties make up the common daily experiences of many learning disabled children, adolescents, and adults. A Person with a learning disability may experience a cycle of academic failure and a lowered self-esteem. Having these handicaps or living with someone who has them can bring overwhelming frustration. Unlike other disabilities, such as paralysis or blindness, a Learning Disability (LD) is a hidden handicap. A Learning disability doesn't disgorge or leave visible signs that would invite others to be understanding or offer support. And above all teaching the children with Learning Disabilities is not an easy job.

The online retail giant Amazon was recently awarded a patent for its “method and system for anticipatory package shipping”. In essence, this patent describes how the retailer wants to build a system for delivering commodities to potential buyers before they place an order. Based on previous orders, items in the shipping cart, and tracking of web-browsing, the package is sent to a specified geographic area and while the package is in transit or waiting at a hub, the final delivery address is specified. What is the logic behind such methods? Why must exchange be anticipated?

This paper will use Amazon’s anticipatory shipping as an example with which to explore why and how value (and by extension capital) must move and accelerate. The paper will focus on the relationship between movement, the value-form and form-determination to account for why value must move, how it moves and by what means. The paper argues that the formal reason for why value must move can be located in the immanent contradiction of the commodity, which requires value to appear in its form. Prior to exchange, products are merely products of labour, use-values, but not yet consummated as values. There is an imperative to transport commodities as fast as possible to the market for value to be realized; anticipatory shipping is thus an articulation of this imperative.

Na entrevista a seguir, Belluzzo analisa a “ nova fase da digitalização da manufatura”, que, na visão dele, “é conduzida pelo aumento do volume de dados, ampliação do
poder computacional e conectividade, a emergência de capacidades analíticas aplicada aos negócios, novas formas de interação entre homem e máquina, e melhorias na
transferência de instruções digitais para o mundo físico, como a robótica avançada e
impressoras 3D”. Na sua perspectiva, ter consciência dessa potência do capital pode ser
um primeiro passo para a tomada de consciência da necessidade de transformação, de
concepção de outros paradigmas. Segundo o autor, é “necessário intensificar o esforço
no trabalho na busca do improvável equilíbrio entre a incessante multiplicação das necessidades e os meios necessários para sat

This paper presents in formal terms the key notions of the temporalist approach in economics as I have presented it over the years, with an appendix providing a formal definition of such terms as endogenous, exogenous, temporalism, and equilibrium. I thus hope this paper can serve as something of a reference work for these concepts as well as the key terms ‘esoteric’ and ‘exoteric’ which are widely used in my writings. The paper incorporates, but supersedes, the prepublication version of a chapter of the same name originally published in Mosini, V. (ed) 2007. “Equilibrium in Economics: Scope and Limits”, with a previously unpublished appendix.\

It provides the background to the argument I have made in a number of other pieces, (for example Freeman 2004, most recently Freeman 2015) to the effect that economics plays a religious, not a scientific role, in the social sciences.

I argue that the concept of equilibrium in economics plays a special and defining role in this respect which is not adequately recognised either by its defenders, nor by the critics of economics. I term this role esoteric, by which I mean that its primary function is not to explain what we experience or observe, but to justify it.

In the first empirical assessment of the incidence of mobile banking on financial intermediary development in Africa, we use two definitions of the financial system: the traditional IFS (2008) and Asongu (2011) measures of financial sector importance. When the conception of a financial system is based only on banks and other financial institution (IFS, 2008), mobile banking has a negative incidence on traditional financial intermediary dynamics of depth, activity and size. However, when a previously missing informal-financial sector component is integrated into the definition (Asongu, 2011), mobile-banking has a positive incidence on informal financial intermediary development. Three major implications result from the findings. (1) There is a growing role of informal finance in developing countries. (2) The incidence of the burgeoning phenomenon of mobile-banking cannot be effectively assessed at a macroeconomic level by traditional financial development indicators. (3) It is a wake-up call for scholarly research on informal financial intermediary development indicators which will oriented monetary policy; since a great chunk of the monetary base(M0) in less developed countries is now captured by mobile-banking.

Face a tantos comentários à volta desta palavra (a maior parte pouco acertados) proferidos por parte de políticos com responsabilidades, de vários quadrantes, sinto-me na obrigação de desmitificar perante os meus amigos e leitores o seu conteúdo.

Comecemos pelo significado económico da palavra: ...

The present text focuses on the importance of the level of education in the growth and development of the real estate sector in Kosovo. There will be assessment of the general elements that will affect the growth and development of the real estate sector that generates good amount of revenues to the owners. Through this study, the practical, theoretical and scientific reasons are explored, which, as such, are present in Kosovo. The survey was conducted with entrepreneurs of several different regions in Kosovo where most of the investments in the sector are happening. The main study question, in this research is: How does the level of education affect the development of the real estate sector as well as increase in real estate demand. Consequently, this study aims to help public institutions, governance, higher education institutions, entrepreneurs, but also other researchers understand the importance of the level of education in the development of the real estate sector

La investigación presentada analiza cómo la precarización salarial agrícola incidió para la generación de emprendimientos productivos en la economía social y solidaria en Ecuador. La información recopila varios análisis de las principales causas que originan la precarización salarial agrícola, su posterior evaluación y la situación de la agricultura campesina, así como, un análisis de la evolución histórica de las empresas de economía social y solidaria. A la consulta bibliográfica, acompaña una investigación de campo aplicada a los actores de los emprendimien-tos productivos representados por organizaciones campesinas del sector de la economía social y solidaria , que se encuentran ubicados en la zona noroccidente de Pichincha (Ecuador), a quienes se aplicó una encuesta acompañada de varias reuniones para identificar las razones que motivaron su emprendimiento, permitiendo confirmar si los proyectos pertenecen a la política de economía social y solidaria. Los resultados permiten reconocer nuevas formas de emprendimiento a través de la asociatividad, así como, facilita información a las entidades gubernamentales para la aplicación de futuras políticas que incentiven el desarrollo de la economía social y solidaria. Palabras clave: reforma agraria, precarización salarial, emprendimientos productivos, economía social y solidaria.

Abstract:

The present study is an attempt to find out the level of statistical competency among post-graduate students studying in faculty of sciences and social sciences. A standardized test constructed by Govil & others (2015) was administered on a sample of 185 post-graduate students selected through random sampling technique to achieve the objectives of the study. The findings of the study revealed that the level of statistical competency of post-graduate students was below than average level and there existed no difference among them with reference to gender and living place. The post-graduate students performed most effectively on one of the aspects of statistical competency i.e. ‘Basic understating of statistical concept’ but were very poor in ‘using non-parametric statistics’.   

Key Words: Statistics, Descriptive Statistics & Inferential Statistics, Statistical Competency

Abstract
              The North East Region (NER) of India comprises of seven states namely – Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Monipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, and Tripura. The region is located in the remote eastern corner of Indian union. The total geographical area of the region is about 2.62 lakh sq km, which covers 7.9 percent of the country's total area. The region has some peculiar characteristics which are different from other regions of the country. Only 27% percent area of the region is plain and the remaining 73% is hill areas. Moreover the region shares only about 2% of it's border with the main land of the country and the remaining 98% connected with international border of neighboring countries like China, Bhutan, Myanmar and Bangladesh.

              Border Trade refers the exchange of local products across the border between the inhabitants living near the international boundary. Border trade becomes an engine of growth in developing border area. Since the 98 percent border of the north east region is international border with neighboring countries like China, Bhutan, Myanmar and Bangladesh.  It is becoming much more significant and relevant in present day context in respect of areas like North East India. Owing to comfortable isolation from the mainland due to its geographical location and proximity to the    neighboring countries of South Asia, the region has a natural trading advantage. The present paper makes an attempt to assess the prospects of border trade for North East India with the South Asian countries.

ÖZET Bir ülkenin ekonomik ve sosyal yaşamında ticaret borsalarının önemli rolü ve etkisi bulunmaktadır. Ticaret borsalarının hedefi, ekonomide serbest rekabet sisteminin yerleşmesine ve kurumsallaşmaya yardımcı olmak, bu yöndeki karar ve uygulamaları desteklemek, gerektiğinde görüş ve öneriler ortaya koyarak, bulundukları yörede toplumsal çevreye aydınlatıcı ve şeffaf nitelikte hizmetler götürmek olarak ifade edilebilir. Bu çalışmada da amacımız; öncelikle Türkiye'de var olan ticaret borsalarının yıllar itibariyle gösterdikleri gelişim, ekonomiye katkıları ve ülke kalkınmasına olan etkilerini de dikkate alarak incelemektir. Bu amaçla öncelikle ülkemizdeki ticaret borsalarının kısa bir tarihçesine ve çalışma ilkelerine yer verilerek, Bandırma Ticaret Borsasının bu süreç içerisindeki yeri ve önemi ekonomiye sağladığı katkılar açısından değerlendirilecektir.

Chi oggi in Occidente considera l'ordine mondiale come il problema chiave del nostro tempo?
Ci attende un mondo in cui gli interessi comuni saranno più forti dei valori comuni, ma saranno questi ultimi a fare la differenza nella nostra vita di cittadini delle democrazie liberali.

This paper highlights two of the ways in which an abundance of frequent and high-quality information can nonetheless lead an economic agent to failure. I begin with the problem of frequent information, continue with the problem of abundant high-quality information, and end with a general reflection about the lesson these two problems may offer for economic geographical scholarship.

Wie selten, werden Bilder dazu verwendet positives zu ermöglichen, das Gegenteil zu tun? Vertrauen und Liebe zu suggerieren? Und wo? Da bleibt ein möglicher Bereich: die Kunst. Denn die Werbung dient meistens dazu Macht und Geld einzuheimsen. Und wie viele Bilder in der Kunst dienen diesem positiven Zweck? Die meisten Bilder sind negativ besetzt. Wen wundert dann noch, dass unsere Gesellschaft so aussieht, wie sie aussieht. Wer den Wind säht, erntet den Sturm, schrieb ein Journalist und Friedensforscher, Namens Michael Lüders. Und dies passt auch auf unser heutiges Thema. Klar, dann wundert uns in dem Zusammenhang auch nicht mehr die Aussage von Jerry R. Wilson,  wonach von zwölf Meinungen, die in unserer Gesellschaft kundgegeben werden, nur eine positiv ausfällt und elf negativ ausfallen.

Antwort und Ergänzung zu einem sehr kurzen Kommentar in: https://www.debatingsecurityplus.org/discussions/908/act

Kończymy pierwszy rok walki z pandemią. Tymczasem GUS odnotował za 2020 rok najwyższą liczbę zgonów Polaków od II wojny światowej – w wartościach tak bezwzględnych, jak i względnych. Ponieważ ochrona zdrowia i życia obywateli należy do pozytywnych obowiązków państwa, warto rozważyć skorzystanie przez organy władzy publicznej z nietypowych instrumentów, które przyniosą efekty również w dłuższym horyzoncie czasowym. Paleta działań państwa zachęcających do szczepień mogłaby zostać rozszerzona o instrumenty polityki fiskalnej. Warto zastanowić się, czy państwo nie powinno ulżyć fiskalnie tym, którzy swymi indywidualnymi wyborami przyniosą ulgę życiu społecznemu oraz aktualnegmu modelowi rozwoju gospodarki narodowej.

In the wake of the depression, several of the leading figures such as Yanis Varoufakis or Wolfgang Schäuble have proposed parallel currency schemes for Greece. This paper assesses the potential of parallel currency schemes as a means of providing relief for Greece in the midst of the economic crisis it currently faces. In doing so, I explore the various different causes and challenges of the Greek debt crisis. I then proceed to introduce the economic concept of a parallel currency and analyze some modern implementations thereof. Finally, I dwell on the its potential to address the aforementioned economic problems of Greece.

1. Brasil: Nível de atividade IBC-Br Apresentando a primeira variação positiva do contra o mês anterior, o resultado de maio/19 ficou em +0,54%, esse crescimento é insuficiente para recompor a queda na economia ocorrida nos 4 primeiros meses do ano. Como podemos ver no gráfico o índice sugere uma retração da economia de-1,10% no ano. Fonte: Banco Central do Brasil Apesar de parecer expressivo, o crescimento de 4,40% nos últimos 12 meses teve como impulso a saída da série de maio de 2018, quando, na greve dos caminhoneiros houve uma retração expressiva da atividade de-3,16%, dessa forma, os 12 meses passam a ser compostos por junho de 2018 quando tivemos a recuperação de 3,45%, em grande parte recompondo a queda do mês anterior. O resultado apresentado pelo índice sugere que o risco de recessão permanece e pressiona o Banco Central para a abordagem de uma política expansionista mais enfática. 1.2. Serviços Ao fim do mês de maio/19 o volume de contratação de serviços, na série livre de influências sazonais, se manteve estável (0,0%) no Brasil em comparação com a última pesquisa, em abril/19, quando houve avanço de 0,5%. Frente ao mesmo período do ano anterior-sem o ajuste sazonal-o volume de serviços avançou 4,8%, maior taxa desde fevereiro de 2014, quando houve variação positiva de 7%. O índice geral acumula alta de 1,4% desde janeiro deste ano, mostrando robustez frente ao 1,1%, até março, e ao 0,6% até abril. A avaliação setorial dos números, mostram taxas positivas em quatro das cinco áreas que compõem a pesquisa, com proeminência para os serviços de informação e comunicação (1,7%), e outros serviços (2,6%). Apenas transportes, serviços auxiliares ao transporte e correios obteve variação de-0,6%, repetindo o resultado do mês anterior. Fonte: IBGE Por fim, a média móvel para o trimestre que se encerrou em maio/19 mostrou variação negativa de 0,1%, mantendo uma trajetória descendente desde o início do ano. 1.3. Comércio O volume de vendas do varejo em maio/19 apresentou estabilidade-0,1% comparado com o mês anterior que caiu-0,4%. Na comparação com maio/18 ocorreu um avanço de 1%. No ano de 2019 o acumulado está em 0,70%. O acumulado em 12 meses observado foi de 1,30%.

The Public Pulse Brief provides a concise overview of key indicators measured by the Public Pulse Poll. The poll collects data on citizens’ perceptions of Kosovo’s Institutions, with a focus on political, economic, security, and development issues. Public Pulse 11 covers the period from September 2015 to March 2016 and follows the tradition of previous reports by examining the evolving situation in Kosovo. In addition to usual key indicators measured by the poll, this number also presents insights into recent socio-political developments in Kosovo.