Edith Stein

One of the key questions in the current debate on collective intentionality concerns the nature of the we. This is by no means a new question. In the first decades of the last century, it was also intensively discussed within phenomenology. Not all phenomenologists were in agreement about the proper answer, however. Some attempted to approach we-intentionality through an analysis of (reciprocal) empathy; others denied that social cognition of any kind is the key to collective intentionality. In the following contribution, we exemplify and investigate this specific tension. We first discuss the respective contributions of Stein and Walther, who in different ways both highlight the importance of empathy and face-to-face recognition. We will then in a subsequent step present Gurwitsch’s criticism of Walther and consider his own alternative contribution with its focus on the importance of a shared tradition.

Resumo A filósofa Edith Stein (1891 – 1942) foi discípula e assistente de Edmund Husserl (1859 – 1938), tornando-se umas das principais representantes do pensamento fenomenológico na filosofia, psicologia, pedagogia e teologia. No Brasil a fenomenologia iniciou-se com Nilton Campos e Elso Arruda que, desde a decada de 40, trataram diretamente da fenomenologia husserliana na psicologia e psiquiatria, porém seus trabalhos não foram publicados para o público geral, ficando restrito à academia e poucos alunos. O pensamento de Edith Stein (1891 – 1942) se fez presente no Brasil quando foi publicado em 1955 o livro " Edith Stein – Convertida, Carmelita, Mártir ". Assim, o presente artigo tem a finalidade de apresentar a pesquisa que buscou re-constituir a presença e a influência do pensamento de Edith Stein e seu desdobramento nas pesquisas e estudos no Brasil. O método utilizado foi consultar os trabalhos publicados em livros, teses e dissertações, em especial no banco de dados da Capes (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior), no período de até maio de 2012, às contribuições fenomenológicas de Edith Stein em diversas áreas. Com isso concluiu-se que o pensamento de Stein se mostrou importante no Brasil, porque mesmo tendo sido E. Husserl o fundador da fenomenologia, foram as obras sobre e de Stein que primeiramente apareceram na literatura brasileira. Palavras-Chave: fenomenologia no Brasil; filosofia steiniana; Psicologia; filosofia fenomenológica; antropologia filosófica. Abstract The philosopher Edith Stein (1891-1942) was a disciple and assistant of Edmund Husserl (1859-1938), becoming one of the main representatives of phenomenological thought in philosophy, psychology, pedagogy and theology. In Brazil phenomenology began with Nilton Campos and Elso Arruda, since the decade of 40, treated directly from husserlian phenomenology in psychology and psychiatry, but his works were not published for the general public, being restricted to the gym and a few students. The thought of Edith Stein (1891-1942) was present in Brazil when it was published in 1955 the book "Edith Stein-Converted, Carmelite, Martyr". Thus, this paper aims to present research that sought to re-establish the presence and influence of the thought of Edith Stein and their deployment in research and studies in Brazil. The method used was to consult the works published in books, theses and dissertations, especially in database Capes (Coordination of Improvement of Higher Education Personnel), in the period up to May 2012 to Edith Stein's phenomenological contributions in various areas. Thus, it was concluded that the thought of Stein proved important in Brazil because even being E. Husserl the founder of phenomenology, the works were on and Stein who first appeared in the literature.