Fencing

Clinical analyses have shown that injuries and pain linked specifically to fencing training/competition were prevalent in 92.8% of fencers. Patellofemoral pain is the most common chronic injury in athletic populations and females are considered to be more susceptible to this pathology. This study aimed to examine gender differences in patellofemoral contact forces during the fencing lunge. Patellofemoral contact forces were obtained from eight male and eight female club level epee fencers using an eight-camera 3D motion capture system and force platform data as they completed simulated lunges. Independent t-tests were performed on the data to determine whether gender differences in patellofemoral contact forces were present. The results show that females were associated with significantly greater patellofemoral contact force parameters in comparison with males. This suggests that female fencers may be at greater risk from patellofemoral pathology as a function of fencing training/co...

Resumen:
Encuadrado en el marco cronológico de la primera mitad del siglo XVI, antes de que el manejo de la espada se redujera a Ciencia en el tratado Philosophia de las Armas y de su Destreza… publicado por el noble sevillano Jerónimo Sánchez de Carranza en 1582, la realidad de la esgrima era distinta. Ésta se trataba como un juego con armas negras, practicado por la clase media y los artesanos de la ciudad. Este oficio  estaba regulado por un cuerpo de maestros examinados, que lo enseñaban tanto en tiendas como en plazas públicas de la ciudad. Sobre este panorama destaca la figura del carmonense Francisco Román, intitulado “maestro de esgrima de los pajes del Emperador y examinador mayor de dicho oficio en todos sus reinos y señoríos”. En 1532 publicó en Sevilla su Tratado de esgrima con figuras, del cual desgraciadamente no se conserva ningún ejemplar. A través de las noticias que tenemos en distintos repertorios bibliográficos, los datos aportados en las cartas de examen y la información referente a su práctica, vertida en tratados posteriores, compilaremos y reconstruiremos, en este artículo, parte del Arte de su esgrima.
Palabras clave: Esgrima; Siglo de Oro; Destreza vulgar; Destreza Verdadera; Román.
Francisco Román, Emperor’s Master at arms and his lost Fencing Art

Abstract:
Dated from the first half of the 16thC, before the use of the sword was reduced to Science in the treatise “Philosophia de las Armas y de su Destreza…” published by the Sevillian aristocrat Jerónimo Sánchez de Carranza in 1582, the fencing reality was different. It was approached as a game with blunt swords, played by middle class and artisans of the cities. This trade was regulated by a body of certified masters, which taught their art in shops and in the public squares all around the city. Among these, we have the preeminent figure of Francisco Román, who held the title of “maestro de esgrima de los pajes del Emperador y examinador mayor de dicho oficio en todos sus reinos y señoríos”. In 1532 he published in Seville his “Tratado de esgrima con figuras”, of which, unfortunately, not a single copy have survived. In this paper we will examine the information we can obtain about his treatise in the different bibliographic repertoires, the data included in the exam certifications and the information regarding his practice that we can find in later treatises, and we will try to compile and reconstruct part of his fencing Art.
Keywords: Fencing; Spanish Golden Age; Destreza vulgar; DestrezaVerdadera; Román.

Attention and visual perception are important in fencing, as they affect the levels of performance and achievement in fencers. This study identifies the levels of attention and visual perception among male and female fencers and the relationship between attention and visual perception dimensions and the sport performance in fencing. The researcher employed a descriptive method in a sample of 16 fencers during the 2010/2011 season. The sample was comprised of eight males and eight females who participated in the 11-year stage of the Cairo Championships. The Test of Attentional and Interpersonal Style, which was designed by Nideffer and translated by Allawi (1998) was applied. The test consisted of 59 statements that measured seven dimensions. The Test of Visual Perception Skills designed by Alsmadune (2005), which includes seven dimensions was also used. Among females, a positive and statistically significant correlation between the achievement level and Visual Discrimination, Visual...

The remoteness and difficult geography of Mustang in trans-Himalayas lead to continued use of wild plants for livelihood. Local people were interviewed during 2005-2007 and we recorded the use of 40 plant species belonging to 14 families under 22 genera as fence and fuelwood. The common parts of the plants used for fence and fuelwood are stems, branches and whole plant. Among 40 plant species, 36 species were used for fencing and 38 species as fuelwood. A total of 30 species with medicinal value were used as fence after cutting. Many plant species have duel uses as fence and fuelwood. In Mustang, suitable plant species are planted live or cut and used as dead fence around agricultural fields to protect the crops from damage by livestock and wild animals as well as prevent soil erosion by wind. Fuelwood is required to cook meals for themselves and feed for livestock, warm homes in the winter, and distil alcohol from the grain. Local communities have preference of using fuelwood on th...

From the late eighteenth century the British military produced official ‘fight  books’  outlining  the  methods  with  which  the  cavalry  were  to  use  their  swords. As these ‘fight books’ were military manuals for instructors, designed to turn trainees into effective soldiers they are, for the most part, clear and precise compared to the sometimes esoteric nature of earlier ‘fight books’. In addition, as they  coincided  with  the  introduction  of  standard  patterns  of  cavalry  swords  the  exact  types  of  swords  employed  can  be  established.  Hence,  unusually  in  fight  book  studies,  a  full  picture  of  why  these  works  were  produced,  who  they  were  aimed at, how widely they were disseminated and what exact forms of weapons these precise techniques were to be employed with can be known. The existence of  contemporary  accounts  and  other  supplementary  evidence  can  also  help  us  understand how such ‘fight books’ were received and how effectively the theory contained within was borne out in practice on the battlefield. Over the first sixty years  of  British  cavalry  sword  exercises,  the  role  of  cavalry  and  the  threats  they  faced from other arms and weapon technologies did not drastically alter; but the way  they  fought  with  swords,  and  the  swords  themselves,  did  undergo  considerable change.

In the Sahelian region, different approaches are being used to halt environmental degradation and restore tree cover, with varying degrees of success. Initiatives vary according to projects' objectives, type of land to restore, and technical practices used (natural regeneration, farmer-managed assisted regeneration, enrichment planting, etc.). This study investigates tree planting choices and selection of tree seed sources in some villages of the Central region of Burkina Faso. The study targeted 96 farmers and compared planting practices adopted by farmers involved in small-scale forest restoration using fences, with those not involved in this initiative. The objective was to understand what portfolio of tree species were planted, what factors influenced tree species selection, what tree seed sources were used, what collection practices were generally adopted, and whether there were significant differences between types of farmers. The results showed that the use of fencing to promote forest restoration support the planting of a more diverse portfolio of tree species than other small scale efforts and includes a greater representation of indigenous trees. Fenced plots have therefore a conservation value in landscapes where the diversity of tree species is progressively declining. In addition to the use of fences, some other key factors affect tree planting, mainly land tenure, availability of diverse tree seed sources, and availability of land. Farmers tend to collect directly most of the planting material they need, but in the majority of cases they do not follow recommended best practices. In light of the ambitious forest restoration targets of Burkina Faso and the need to provide diverse options to rural communities to enhance their resilience vis-à-vis increasing environmental challenges, strengthening the capacity of farmers in tree planting and establishing a robust tree seed systems are crucial targets.

The current research aims to identify the effect of the Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP) on the performance of male and female fencers and on the level of motivation of fencers. The research used the experimental method which used pre-post measurements for one experimental group composed of 18 fencers registered in the Egyptian Fencing Federation. Who were comprised of ten males and eight females in the 11-13 years stage at Nasr City Sporting Club. The researcher used a Sport Achievement Motivation List designed by "Joe Willis" (1982) and localized by "Allawi, M.," consisting of 20 sentences and include two dimensions, the motive to achieve success and motive to avoid failure. The most important results was the existence of a significant statistics differences between pre-tests and post-tests in performance level and motive to achieve success for the post-test of male and female fencer. There are no significant statistic differences between pre and post tests in the dimension of motive to avoid failure for male and female fencer. There are no significant statistics differences in the post-test between male and female fencer in all variables of the study.

The significance of the study lies in teacher’s realization of the importance of personality types, and their roles in enhancing learning process which enables learners to learn skills the way that suits their potentials and abilities according to personality types. The problem of the study also lies in that fencing is one of the difficult sports, so a teacher should use learning methods that are suitable to learner’s personality types and facilitate his learning of skills with the least time and effort for the purpose of reaching better performance. The research aimed to define the best personality types (A and B) in learning compound attack in foil fencing. The comparative empirical method was selected to reach results of the study. The researcher also determined the population of the study that consists of female students of Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, third grade, in fencing lessons. They were divided into two groups depending on personality types scale prepared in fencing lessons. Students of personality type A are 19 and personality type B are 33. Compound attack (number attack + circle attack) learning was evaluated through video cameras of post-tests and presenting them to three referees by putting one mark out of 10 and taking the arithmetic mean of their marks according to special form prepared for this purpose after statistical data treatment through the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. The researcher found that female students in personality types (A and B) were able to learn compound attack, but students of personality type B were better in learning compound attack than students of personality type A in fencing, so we must consider personality and learning types for learners when developing education curricula of fencing. In order to reach effective learning meeting the learner’s desires and needs, we should take into account educational types capacities and capabilities of learners because they are different in their personality types and their thinking, so we cannot use the same methods or educational patterns for all learners.

Namen diplomskega dela je bil preučiti pojavnost ahilarne tendinopatije pri sabljačih in predstaviti ugotovitve različnih raziskav o pogostosti in vzrokih za njen pojav, saj gre za eno pogostejših poškodb v športnem sabljanju. Uporabljena je bila deskriptivna metoda dela. Pri delu smo si pomagali z analizo domačih in tujih virov s tega področja in nato poiskali zaključke, ter napisali ugotovitve. V pomoč pa so bile tudi lastne izkušnje. Predstavljene so anatomske, biomehanske, ter strukturne lastnosti Ahilove tetive. Opredeljen je tudi pojem in vzročni dejavniki za pojavnost ahilarne tendinopatije, ter kakšen vpliv ima sabljaško gibanje na omenjeno poškodboThe aim of this thesis was to study incidence of achilles tendinitis in fencing and present findings of different studies about frequency and causes of this injury because it is one of most common injuries in fencing. With the help of literature and personal experience we described our findings. Anatomical, biomechanical and struc...

The use of fences to segregate wildlife can change predator and prey behaviour. Predators can learn to incorporate fencing into their hunting strategies and prey can learn to avoid foraging near fences. A twelve-strand electric predator-proof fence surrounds our study site. There are also porous one-strand electric fences used to create exclosures where elephant (and giraffe) cannot enter in order to protect blocs of browse vegetation for two critically endangered species, the black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) and the Grevy’s zebra (Equus grevyi). The denser vegetation in these exclosures attracts both browsing prey and ambush predators. In this study we examined if lion predation patterns differed near the perimeter fencing and inside the elephant exclosures by mapping the location of kills. We used a spatial analysis to compare the predation patterns near the perimeter fencing and inside the exclosures to predation in the rest of the conservancy. Predation was not over-represent...

Fencing is an Olympic sport in which athletes fight one against one using bladed weapons. Contests consist of three 3-min bouts, with rest intervals of 1 min between them. No studies investigating oxygen uptake and energetic demand during fencing competitions exist, thus energetic expenditure and demand in this sport remain speculative. The aim of this study was to understand the physiological capacities underlying fencing performance. Aerobic energy expenditure and the recruitment of lactic anaerobic metabolism were determined in 15 athletes (2 females and 13 males) during a simulation of fencing by using a portable gas analyzer (MedGraphics VO2000), which was able to provide data on oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide production and heart rate. Blood lactate was assessed by means of a portable lactate analyzer. Average group energetic expenditure during the simulation was (mean ± SD) 10.24 ± 0.65 kcal·min−1, corresponding to 8.6 ± 0.54 METs. Oxygen uptakeand heart rate were always below...

В данной книге представлены распространенные европейские уловки простолюдинов и  Сравнительный Анализ с ударами русской криминальной традицией, описана работа с филиппинской палкой.  Предусмотрено, что выполнение уловок и сравнительный анализ  основал только на применении этого оружия. Все уловки взяты из книги Д. Мануэля Круцадо и Пералта  «Уловки  вульгарного и общего фехтования только с мечом и с парным оружием, которые являются отверженными Luis Pacheco de Narváez и противопоставление  Истинной Дестрезы против них», сравнительный анализ проведен на основе книги Гранд Маэстро Олега Викторовича Мальцева о русской криминальной традиции «На ножи».
Этот труд является составной частью исследования и серии книг о работе с разным оружием.

ISBN: 978-617-7599-12-7

Перевод сделан:
Научно-Исследовательским Институтом "Мировых традиций воинских искусств и криминальных исследований применения оружия" (World Martial Art Traditions & Criminalistic Research of Weapon Use) совместно со Школой испанского фехтования "Дестреза Ачинеч"

Руководитель Научной группы перевода Доктор Олег Викторович Мальцев
Книгу перевели:
Анна Филиппова
Ирина Лопатюк

Bu çalışmanın amacı, bireysel ve takım sporlarıyla uğraşan çocukların ailelerinin çocuklarını spor okullarına gönderme sebeplerinde nelerin etkili olduğunu tüm yönleriyle araştırmak, spora devam eden çocukta gözlenen davranış değişimlerinin neler olduğunu belirlemek ve gönderdikleri spor branşına göre farklılıklarının olup olmadığını ortaya koymaktır. Araştırmada Zekai Pehlivan tarafından geliştirilen ve araştırmacılar tarafından düzenlenen üç bölümden oluşan anket formu ile toplanmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklem grubunu çocuğunu futbol okuluna (n=91), voleybol okuluna (n=60), jimnastik okuluna (n=54) ve eskrim okuluna (n=49) gönderen toplam 284 aile oluşturmuştur.Uygulamalar sonucunda elde edilen veriler SPSS 23,0 paket programı kullanılarak değerlendirilmiş,verilerin analizinde ise; t testi, anova ve tukey testi, yüzde frekans teknikleri kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgularda; ailelerin çocuklarını spor okullarına yönlendirmede “Takım Ruhunu Kazanması”, “Düzenli spor yapma alışkanlığı edinmesi”, ‘’Sağlığını koruması ve geliştirmesi”, “Başarı / Statü kazanması” ve “Beceri edinmesi ve geliştirmesi” en önemli nedenler olarak belirlenmiştir.Bireysel spor ile uğraşan sporcuların ailelerinin spor okuluna gönderme eğilimi ile takım sporuyla uğraşan sporcuların ailelerinin spor okuluna gönderme eğilimi arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıştır(p>0,05). Elde edilen bulgularda; ailelerin çocuklarda gözlemledikleri davranış değişimlerinde ‘‘Kendine güven duygusu arttı ’’, ‘‘Daha Sağlıklı Görünüyor ’’, ‘‘Arkadaş Sayısı Arttı ’’, ‘‘Daha Çok İşbirliği İçine Giriyor ve Paylaşıyor ’’ en önemli sonuçlar olarak belirlenmiştir
Anahtar Kelimeler : Spor Okulu, Beklentiler, çocukta Davranış Değişimleri

POS.266 Comparison of the expectations of parents who send their children to sport scholls and the changes in children's behaviours after sport school , according to individual and team sports
The purpose of this study is searching on all aspects what is effective about the reasons of the families to send their children who are involving with individual and team sports to the sports schools, determining the behavioral change of children who continue to the sports and revealing the differences according to the branch of sports whether if there are. The study has been collected by questionnaire form in three sections that was developed by Zekai Pehlivan and prepared by researchers. The sample group of this research constitutes totally 284 families who send their children to the football school(n=91), volleyball school(n=60), gymnastics school (n=54) and fencing school (n=49). Data that was obtained as a result of the applications has been evaluated by using SPSS 23,0 packaged software, t test, anova and tukey test, per cent frequency technique were used in the analysing of data. In the obtained findings, the most crucial reasons in the sending children to the sports schools by their families have been determined as “ Gaining the Team Sprit”,” Gaining to Keep in Training”, “ Protecting and Develop Health”. , “ Gaining Achievement/Status” and “ Acquaring and Develop Skills”.There was no statistically significant difference between the tendencies about sending children to the sports schools by the families who are involving with individual sports and team sports (p>0,05). In the obtained findings, the behavioral changes in the children that were observed by the families are determined as “ Increasing the Self-Confidence”, “ Looking More Healthy”,” Increased Friends”, “ Being More Cooperative and Sharing” that are most crucial results.
Keywords : Sports School, Expectations, Behavioral Changes In Child.

Articolo divulgativo per La-CRO.S.S. contenente lo spoglio delle informazioni d'interesse sportivo presenti in "Chiare memorie" (Napoli, Lettere Italiane, 1999), autobiografia della toscana Ilva Domenici Baracchi (n. 1917).
In questa seconda parte si parla della scherma, con qualche riferimento al canottaggio e alla sua partecipazione al cortometraggio "Cronaca" di Angelo Gianni (1937).
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Prima parte: https://bit.ly/3wdB6mO
Teerza parte: https://bit.ly/3FPeQ5O

Abstract: The white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ) may cause more damage than any other wildlife species. Deer damage occurs in various forms including crop production, automobile accidents, aviation collisions on runways, disease transmission, degradation of natural ecosystems, and destruction of ornamental plantings. One practical method of controlling deer damage is through the use of exclusionary fencing. White-tailed deer are challenging to exclude as they are able to jump 3.0-m fences or fit through spaces > 20 cm wide. Some deer problems (disease outbreaks, aircraft runways, and busy highways in deer migration corridors) may necessitate the installation of effective fencing no matter what the cost. Fences most often installed to control white-tailed deer damage include, but are not limited to, many varieties and types of wire mesh, plastic mesh, high-tensile steel wire, and electric fence. We have reviewed scientific literature on fencing to compare fence designs a...

Page 1. Análisis biomecánico de la esgrima mediante sistemas optoelectrónicos de análisis de movimiento. Estudio de caso: deportista de alto rendimiento Andrea Torres Ruiz1,ψ 1 Programa de Ingeniería Biomédica. Grupo de Instrumentación y Rehabilitación Biomédica. ...

Analisi recenti hanno dimostrato come, nell’Inghilterra dei Tudor, si fosse soliti minare la mascolinità dei propri avversari accusandoli di aver frequentato lo Studium patavino e di aver imparato in terra veneta la tecnica del fioretto, pratiche disdicevoli a un vero uomo. Il contributo mira a discutere i risultati di tali ricerche alla luce di un ampio studio promosso dall’Università di Padova in occasione de suo ottavo centenario.

© Techniques to reduce crop loss: human and technical dimensions in Africa FERREL V. OSBORN AND CATHERINE M. HILL INTRODUCTION Crop-raiding by wildlife is neither a new phenomenon nor a rare one. Farmers throughout the world are faced with trying to reduce or eradicate ...

There are fencers who stop at the first instance of injury, and fencers who will continue to fence regardless of illness, injury or age. It has been noted through history that those who have taken up the sword lived lives of fulfilment. Some of these lives were short and some were long. Nietzsche discusses subjects which point toward the ‘will to power’ and the courage of the individual to continue onward. This philosophy can be applied to explain how the fencer, beset by illness, injury, or age, can continue to fence despite, or even directly against these challenges toward even greater fulfilment.

This study sought to determine differences in fencers’ visual perceptions during duels (preparatory actions) with right- versus left-handed opponents. Participants were 12 top-ranking right-handed female foil fencers (aged 16–30 years, M = 20.86, SD = 4.76) taking part in a training camp. Testing employed SensoMotoric Instruments Eye Tracking Glasses (SMI ETG 2.0) with eye-tracking analyses covering the visual attention time devoted to various areas of the opposing fencer’s body (areas of interest), average fixation, number of glances, and number of fixations during preparatory actions in duels. Each test was conducted during preparatory actions in 20-second staged duels, first against a right-handed, and then against a left-handed opponent. Against left-handed (vs. right-handed) opponents, fencers spent significantly more time looking at and significantly more often fixated on the armed hand. When fighting against right-handed (vs. left-handed) opponents, fencers devoted more time and fixated more often on the opponent’s upper torso. These results may point to an interesting phenomenon in which left-handed fencers benefit from weaker strategies adopted by their right-handed opponents who may fixate on the forearm and arm of the weapon hand.

This study aimed to look for meaningful data for guidance as to the physical and tactical training of the Épée, through a statistical analysis of eliminatory matches of the World Women's Épée Championship of FIE 2013. So, it was calculated the average, in each match, of the measured time to achieve a hit and presented a literature review on the subject. The population were the last 31 matches of that competition, analyzing the 32 best placed. It was found that the overall average is 18,065s, with a average interval of 9,333s between hit and the resumption of fighting. However, analyzing the periods, separately , it was found that the time for the hit is variable and decreases toward the end of the match .

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Roadkill is one of the most prominent causes of wildlife mortality. Much research effort has focussed on collisions with ungulates because of traffic safety. However, studies about large carnivore roadkills are scarce despite vehicles being a main cause of mortality. The absence of studies can be explained in part because of difficulties in obtaining sufficient sample sizes. We collected data from locations of 82 wolf roadkill sites in the Castilla y León Region, northwest Spain. We evaluated different models to characterise collision localities using logistic regressions with corrections for rare events. The best models included traffic and human disturbance parameters. Landscape variables did not improve predictive power. Fencing was a decisive key predictor; roadkill was proportionally higher along fenced highways than on similar major roads that lacked fences. Wolf–vehicle collisions were more common in agricultural areas, although wolf densities were lower in these zones. Both the higher density of important roads and a greater proportion of roaming wolves on the plateau may explain this pattern.