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Come funzionò davvero l'Inquisizione romana, al di là della leggenda nera che ne ha connotato l'immagine sin dall'epoca moderna? Chi furono gli uomini che la governarono e favorirono? Quali gli assetti istituzionali e le pratiche sociali... more
Come funzionò davvero l'Inquisizione romana, al di là della leggenda nera che ne ha connotato l'immagine sin dall'epoca moderna? Chi furono gli uomini che la governarono e favorirono? Quali gli assetti istituzionali e le pratiche sociali che ne sostennero l'azione repressiva? Il volume ricostruisce l'attività ordinaria del Sant'Uffizio con particolare attenzione alla penisola italiana, dove operò a lungo un'autentica "società inquisitoriale", composta non soltanto da giudici di fede, ma anche da consultori, avvocati, carcerieri e da centinaia di altri collaboratori, uomini che, in cambio di ampi privilegi, permisero al tribunale di controllare l'ortodossia, la moralità e il pensiero dei fedeli fino alle soglie della contemporaneità.
Che cosa fu l’Inquisizione romana? In che modo gli inquisitori operarono nella società italiana del Cinque-Seicento? Per tentare di rispondere a tali quesiti, l’autore prende in analisi la familia inquisitoriale, il nutrito gruppo di... more
Che cosa fu l’Inquisizione romana? In che modo gli inquisitori operarono nella società italiana del Cinque-Seicento? Per tentare di rispondere a tali quesiti, l’autore prende in analisi la familia inquisitoriale, il nutrito gruppo di assistenti del tribunale di fede. Alla luce di una ricca documentazione inedita, vengono ricostruite per la prima volta le vicende del personale del Sant’Uffizio, composto da vicari, notai, avvocati, consultori, sbirri, guardie del corpo e altri. Nel libro vengono indagate la trattatistica inerente a questi patentati, la loro distribuzione geografia e le confraternite entro le quali furono inquadrati. In seguito sono analizzati i privilegi di cui godettero i familiari e gli abusi spesso efferati che essi commisero, dimostrando come l’Inquisizione sia divenuta un elemento di disordine sociale e morale ogniqualvolta venne messa in dubbio la sua autorità.
Universa universis Patavina libertas: così recita il celebre motto dell’Università di Padova, una delle più antiche e prestigiose d’Europa, di cui nel 2022 ricorrono gli 800 anni della sua fondazione. Nessun altro aspetto ha... more
Universa universis Patavina libertas: così recita il celebre motto dell’Università di Padova, una delle più antiche e prestigiose d’Europa, di cui nel 2022 ricorrono gli 800 anni della sua fondazione.
Nessun altro aspetto ha caratterizzato più a fondo e più a lungo l’istituzione accademica padovana rispetto alla sua celebre libertas. Dalla fondazione nel 1222 alle dispute accademiche sulla mortalità dell’anima, dagli anni in cui in cattedra sedeva Galileo Galilei – al cui insegnamento nel volume è riservato ampio spazio – ai moti del 1848 sino alla Resistenza, la libertas padovana ha rappresentato un riferimento costante per chiunque abbia corso il pericolo di essere limitato nel corpo quanto nel proprio intelletto.
La libertas è tuttavia un termine ambiguo, impiegato in questi otto secoli per indicare fenomeni e concetti diversi, talvolta quasi opposti. Il volume mira quindi a ricostruire la sua lunga storia, prestando attenzione alle istituzioni, agli spazi, alle pratiche e ai conflitti che più hanno costellato questa lunga evoluzione.
I saggi raccolti nell’opera dimostrano da punti di vista diversi ma costantemente intrecciati come la Patavina libertas sia stata fondamentale per l’affermarsi di alcune delle libertà individuali che oggi sono considerate inalienabili. La libertà religiosa, la libertà politica e il diritto a una libera speculazione scientifica ebbero nella città di Padova e nel suo antico Studio una fase di profonda maturazione, i cui benefici non smettono di influire sulle nostre vite al principiare di questo nono secolo.
Pure in un contesto come quello attuale, in cui tali enti hanno mutato nome e parte dei loro compiti, rimane impossibile scindere del tutto le rispettive aree di competenza. Nei secoli scorsi le relazioni fra Sant'Uffizio e Propaganda... more
Pure in un contesto come quello attuale, in cui tali enti hanno mutato nome e parte dei loro compiti, rimane impossibile scindere del tutto le rispettive aree di competenza. Nei secoli scorsi le relazioni fra Sant'Uffizio e Propaganda sono state sovente contrastate, caratterizzate da periodi di collaborazione e altri di diffidenza reciproca, in un complesso contesto geopolitico in continua evoluzione, connotato da delicate relazioni diplomatiche e aspirazioni religiose che coinvolsero monarchie e imperi, patronati reali e compagnie mercantili, ordini religiosi e clero secolare, altre congregazioni romane e popolazioni da rieducare o di prima cristianizzazione.
Saint Gaetano Thiene represents one of the most important profiles connoting the early modern age and yet the tremendous amount of biographical and hagiographical investigation carried out has not dispelled the many doubts concerning... more
Saint Gaetano Thiene represents one of the most important profiles connoting the early modern age and yet the tremendous amount of biographical and hagiographical investigation carried out has not dispelled the many doubts concerning certain phases of his life, especially his youth. The purpose of this essay is, therefore, to present the results of a study looking into those earlier years spent at the Studium of Padua where he is known to have obtained his doctorate in 1504. The extant documents analysed, issued at the beginning of the 16th century by the University and its institutions, clearly state that Gaetano was in Padua well before his degree (1500) and even later (1505) inasmuch as, in addition to his own, the noble student attended four other graduation ceremonies in the company of illustrious lecturers and scholars part of distinct social groups. The current essay has carefully investigated such groups thus shedding new light on both the context in which Gaetano had developed as a young man and how, consequently, he would confront his future life in Rome.
Il network Héloïse, impegnato da oltre dieci anni nel coordinamento di progetti e ricerche sulle popolazioni universitarie dal medioevo fino ai nostri giorni, rivolge qui l'attenzione al tema della documentazione utile allo svolgimento di... more
Il network Héloïse, impegnato da oltre dieci anni nel coordinamento di progetti e ricerche sulle popolazioni universitarie dal medioevo fino ai nostri giorni, rivolge qui l'attenzione al tema della documentazione utile allo svolgimento di ricerche prosopografiche. Avvalendosi degli strumenti e dei metodi propri delle Digital humanities, le informazioni desunte dagli archivi universitari sono state progressivamente arricchite attingendo ai libri amicorum degli studenti, a fonti giudiziarie, alla memorialistica, ai registri delle professioni di fede, alla documentazione e alla stampa prodotta dalle associazioni dei docenti, ai periodici e ai numeri unici promossi dagli studenti, ai necrologi, alla documentazione fotografica. Il confronto fra l'utilizzo di queste fonti secondarie, che emerge dalle ricerche svolte o in corso in vari Paesi, costituisce il tema proposto dalle esperienze qui presentate.
The essay critically discusses the graduation report of Roderigo Lopez, a Portuguese student proclaimed artium et medicinae doctor at the Paduan Studium in 1559. The meticulous analysis of the document and the reconstruction of the... more
The essay critically discusses the graduation report of Roderigo Lopez, a Portuguese student proclaimed artium et medicinae doctor at the Paduan Studium in 1559. The meticulous analysis of the document and the reconstruction of the social, political, scientific and academic context of the time, allows us to recognize a celebrity of the 16th century in the Lusitanian student Roger Lopez (1517/1525-1594). He was personal physician of Elizabeth I of England and an important intermediary between the last court of the Tudors, Portugal and Spain of Philip II; he was finally sentenced to death by quartering. Shakespearean scholars believe that the poet was inspired by Lopez personal tragedy to outline the figure of Shylock, the Jew of the Merchant of Venice (about 1596-1598). The article proposes the thesis according to which the Paduan student is the future Elizabethan doctor, as many biographical information and some aspects of the English literary masterpiece seem to confirm. This would finally explain what prompted the Portuguese to move to England, how he was able to make such a prestigious career and to enjoy such a vast credit at court, and why he was executed. That was a complex story in which Francis Walsingham’s stay in Padua and Lopez’s real adherence to Judaism could have played a decisive role. The true archetype of Shylock could therefore have been a «Paduan» doctor.

Keywords: Jews – William Shakespeare – Portugal – Elisabeth I – Francis Walsingham
The theme of the Counter-Reformation was among the most debated by European historiography in the second half of the 20th century. Historians have argued how the Roman Church managed to overcome the deep crisis of the early sixteenth... more
The theme of the Counter-Reformation was among the most debated by European historiography in the second half of the 20th century. Historians have argued how the Roman Church managed to overcome the deep crisis of the early sixteenth century by proposing a new model of Christian, who must be orthodox, educated, purified and more attentive to the evangelical mission. The article aims to partially
deconstruct this classical thesis, by discussing largely unpublished documentation from the Congregation of the Holy Office. The proposed case is that of the Inquisition of Malta, where there was one of the most important tribunals of this ecclesiastic institution. The analysis of the documents shows how the inquisitors, in agreement with the Inquisitorial Congregation, spent most of their time protecting their collaborators, who were very often criminals, not orthodox, offenders of the orthopraxy and contrary to morality. The Holy Office used its large staff to challenge the authority of civil and religious institutions, by guaranteeing to the employees extraordinary fiscal, judicial, military, political and spiritual privileges. Paradoxically, as the Maltese example testifies, the inquisitors often became an obstacle for the discipline proposed at the Council of Trent, by protecting their collaborators and their privileges.
Information about the Roman Inquisition’s familia is still fragmented, despite the progress in Inquisition studies and the abundance of documents produced by these employees. Firstly, the article offers a general study of this topic’s... more
Information about the Roman Inquisition’s familia is still fragmented, despite the progress in Inquisition  studies and the abundance of documents produced by these employees. Firstly, the article offers a general study of this topic’s bibliography and, secondly, it tries to improve our knowledge regarding the familia with some new documents from the Vatican and Italian archives. In order to understand the importance of this entourage for the functioning of the Roman Inquisition, wherever it was operative, attention has been focused on the Medi eval period of the familia, when the inquisitors realised the need to have helpers and guards of their own. A considerable part of this study is dedicated to the confraternities that assisted the inquisitors: the most important was the Compagnia della Croce or di San Pietro Martire. Its Late Medieval evolution, albeit hard to reconstruct historically, is fundamental for understanding the apologetic way through which the Holy Office in 1542, and the inquisitors of the Counter-Reformation, tried once again to use this religious association. The example used here is that of the Dominican inquisitor Cipriano Uberti, author of the Opera della Croce (1585-1586): this work allows us to appreciate how strategic these confraternities were for an inquisitor at the end of the 16th century. The inquisitorial familia was to become a very useful instrument for the division and control of the ruling class on the Italian peninsula.
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L'articolo mira a presentare un importante convegno tenutosi a Firenze tra l'11 e il 13 dicembre 2014. Oggetto di studio sono stati gli sviluppi più recenti degli studi sulla Riforma protestante e i movimenti ereticali.
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Religious and cultural minorities were a determining factor in the transmission of ancient knowledge, but also in the imagination of new intellectual paths. This dynamic can be understood by analysing the context of Padua between the 15th... more
Religious and cultural minorities were a determining factor in the transmission of ancient knowledge, but also in the imagination of new intellectual paths. This dynamic can be understood by analysing the context of Padua between the 15th and 18th centuries. Thousands of students from all over Europe arrived in the Italian city, bringing with them, often unwittingly, a rich store of material, technical and speculative knowledge, some of it derived from their religious beliefs. Neither deep-rooted anti-Judaism nor the rigours of the Counter-Reformation could stop this influx of non-Catholics into the Studium. Their presence therefore had a double effect: on the one hand, they contributed to the golden age of the University of Padua and, on the other, they spread new knowledge when they returned home. Protected by the Patavina libertas guaranteed by the Venetian Republic, Jews, Orthodox and Protestants, were able to attend lectures and obtain the coveted academic degree, while bloody wars and persecutions raged in Europe and the Mediterranean. The paper will highlight some of the major scholarly debates, institutional conflicts and policies that the Studium was involved in and in which the presence of these religious minorities proved to be a determining factor. These students, equipped with alternative points of view to the context in which they found themselves, were essential in keeping intellectual confrontation alive, regardless of the religious dimension of the individuals. A number of iconographic documents (frontispieces, diplomas, tombstones, etc.) will also be presented to illustrate the materialisation of this virtuous tolerance.
Doubt constitutes the most compelling part of learning, being both the evolution of curiosity and the eve of solid knowledge. Perhaps it is precisel for this reason that the writings of many Renaissance students were organised according... more
Doubt constitutes the most compelling part of learning, being both the
evolution of curiosity and the eve of solid knowledge. Perhaps it is precisel for this reason that the writings of many Renaissance students were
organised according to doubts rather than notions and subjects. The study
of some manuscripts by Giovan Vincenzo Pinelli conserved in the
Biblioteca Ambrosiana in Milan makes it possible to highlight how
common this practice was within the Paduan student community,
animated by young minds from all over Europe in the second 16th century.
Contrary to modern scientific sectarianism, those scholars were grappling
at the same time with quite different perplexities. The paper will be
dedicated to analysing three debates described by Pinelli in great detail
and which aroused heated conflicts inside and outside the University. Was
it appropriate to dictate lectures to students or was it preferable to leave
them free to take notes? Was theory sufficient to become good physicians
or did one need practical (and humble) knowledge such as clinics and
botany? Finally, a surprising doubt with catastrophic consequences: could
making corn biscuits cause the ruin of the state? As it will be shown, all
these questions were answered for the benefit of past and present
doubters.
Inquisitions and Money (13th-19th c.)
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The Papal Inquisition represents the most emblematic institution of the Counter-Reformation. Its trial campaigns, victims and to some extent the Roman hierarchies have been studied. Until now, the complex relationship between the... more
The Papal Inquisition represents the most emblematic institution of the Counter-Reformation. Its trial campaigns, victims and to some extent the Roman hierarchies have been studied. Until now, the complex relationship between the ecclesiastical court and the individual social classes, depending on the specific historical period and geographical context, has been largely underestimated. In other words, the social history of the Roman Inquisition still remains largely to be reconstructed, while in recent years there has been the first research in this regard (2019, 2021), which has investigated the gap between the disciplining will of the inquisitors and the real effectiveness of their control. The paper will investigate one of the ways in which the Inquisition interacted the most within the social contexts in which it operated, namely the creation of its own staff (familia), endowed with numerous and far-reaching privileges. The methods adopted by these assistants, violent and irreligious, show how often the inquisitors themselves preferred to defend their power at the expense of morality and discipline, ending up denying any possible discipline. The connections with contemporary confraternities, the interaction with political institutions, jurisdictional conflicts and heinous abuses will be described: complex phenomena whose consequences have long influenced Italian history and global Catholicism.
Il diffondersi della Riforma protestante coinvolse rapidamente una parte delle élites intellettuali, politiche e religiose dell’Italia moderna. Il casato dei Martinengo costituisce un ottimo punto di vista per comprendere la complessità... more
Il diffondersi della Riforma protestante coinvolse rapidamente una parte delle élites intellettuali, politiche e religiose dell’Italia moderna. Il casato dei Martinengo costituisce un ottimo punto di vista per comprendere la complessità di quel contesto storico, in cui a radicali istanze religiose si frapposero aspirazioni aristocratiche, rivendicazioni istituzionali e interessi culturali di derivazione umanistica. L’intervento mira a indagare alcuni Martinengo le cui vite testimoniarono una forte adesione alla Riforma. Alcuni di essi avevano compiuto parte della loro formazione allo Studio di Padova, il che induce a interrogarsi sulla misura in cui il radicalismo filosofico patavino abbia incentivato il radicalismo religioso di quei nobili bresciani, alcuni dei quali divenuti poi esuli religionis causa.
Late Renaissance students were trained in a plurality of contexts. My talk will focus on the presence of students within the intellectual circle of Gian Vincenzo Pinelli (1535-1601), a Neapolitan scholar who moved to Padua in 1558.... more
Late Renaissance students were trained in a plurality of contexts. My talk will focus on the presence of students within the intellectual circle of Gian Vincenzo Pinelli (1535-1601), a Neapolitan scholar who moved to Padua in 1558. Collecting works from every subject and era, Pinelli created the biggest private library of his time. While the presence of professors, intellectuals and politicians within that circle is well known (Mercuriale, Sarpi, Galilei, Wieland, Tasso, Savile, Peiresc, etc.), the importance that this circle had for many students of the local Studium has so far been overlooked. Studying in that context, among such prestigious works and scholars, influenced many of those students, inaugurating for some famous careers and spreading an increasingly revolutionary science.
This is the second annual seminar of the International Centre for Research on Inquisitions (INQUIRE), based in the Department of History, Cultures and Civilization of the University of Bologna. The meeting aims to discuss the relationship... more
This is the second annual seminar of the International Centre for Research on Inquisitions (INQUIRE), based in the Department of History, Cultures and Civilization of the University of Bologna. The meeting aims to discuss the relationship between medieval, early modern, and modern inquisitions and money the world over.
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As pointed out in recent studies (e.g. Tatarenko 2021), the Union of Brest of 1595-1596, that led to the entry of the Polish- Lithuanian Orthodox into the Roman-Catholic Church, was a pivotal event in the politics and inter-confessional... more
As pointed out in recent studies (e.g. Tatarenko 2021), the Union of Brest of 1595-1596, that led to the entry of the Polish- Lithuanian Orthodox into the Roman-Catholic Church, was a pivotal event in the politics and inter-confessional relations of early modern Europe. The paper will investigate a hitherto unfathomable aspect of it, namely the role played by Gian Vincenzo Pinelli, the famous humanist and prince of letters, in bringing the negotiations that Rome had woven with the so-called 'Ruthenians' to a successful conclusion. An unpublished correspondence found in the Apostolic Library between the nobleman (who was very close to the Congregation of the Inquisition and the Congregation of the Index) and Pietro De Nores (a Cypriot, assistant to cardinal nephew Cinzio Passeri Aldobrandini, a Pinelli's informant) reveals the attention paid by the Curia and the pontiff, a friend of the man of letters, to that attempt at reintegration. The missives show how the network of contacts managed by Pinelli, cousin of the cardinal inquisitor Domenico and patron of Venetian inquisitors, was used for a precise purpose, namely to monitor and intimidate the important Venetian Greek Orthodox minority, guilty of being too curious about relations between the Curia and the Polish-Lithuanians. Had that been an attempt to sabotage the forthcoming reconciliation? Pinelli was summoned to rebuke his friend Gavriil Seviros, the Venetian 'head of those Greeks', while the demands of the reconciling bishops, later listed and theologically examined in the letters, arrived in Rome. The negotiation, solemnly concluded with the allocution entrusted to the able Silvio Antoniano, well testifies to the "inquisitorial attitude" taken, in and out of the ecclesiastical court, towards Eastern Christianity (e.g. Lavenia 2014) whether it was, that of the orthodox North Europeans, Venetians or elsewhere.
"Professionisti in un mondo ingombrante. Figure professionali e competenze di fronte a nuove sfide dall'antichità all'età contemporanea". Firenze, 20 maggio 2022 Aula 211- Plesso di via Laura 48 Convegno dei dottorandi del... more
"Professionisti in un mondo ingombrante. Figure professionali e competenze di fronte a nuove sfide dall'antichità all'età contemporanea".
Firenze, 20 maggio 2022

Aula 211- Plesso di via Laura 48

Convegno dei dottorandi del Dottorato di Studi Storici delle Università degli studi di Firenze e Pisa
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This is the first annual seminar of the newly founded International Centre for Research on Inquisitions (INQUIRE), based in the Department of history, Cultures and Civilization of the University of Bologna. The meeting aims to take stock... more
This is the first annual seminar of the newly founded International Centre for Research on Inquisitions (INQUIRE), based in the Department of history, Cultures and Civilization of the University of Bologna. The meeting aims to take stock of the main themes and questions addressed by the recent historiographical debate on medieval, early modern and modern inquisitions the world over.
The university of Padova was founded around 1222 by a group of students from Bologna and it is considered the second most ancient studium in Italy. Since the year 2022 will be the 800th anniversary of its foundation, the university of... more
The university of Padova was founded around 1222 by a group of students from Bologna and it is considered the second most ancient studium in Italy. Since the year 2022 will be the 800th anniversary of its foundation, the university of Padova is promoting many scientific activities to celebrate its history and shape its memory both as an institution and a scientific and cultural centre. The Department of History, Geography and Classics – DiSSGeA carries out a research project named BO2022. It focused on academic history by following three main lines of research:
- The European space: transnational and translocal mobility (Zornetta), which analyses the mobility of both students and professors and focuses on the medieval and early modern period.
- The space of libertas: religious and political freedom, freedom of knowledge (Solera), which approaches the subject of the freedom guaranteed by the studium to its students and professors during the early modern period, which was a crucial aspect to the scientific development in every academic sector.
- Women and the university of Padova (Martini), which focuses on the role that women had in the university during the 19th and 20th centuries both in the scientific and political contexts.
This presentation aims to discuss the BO2022 database by focusing on the methodology used to design it and thus some of its limits. Further developments of the project will also be presented.
Analisi recenti hanno dimostrato come, nell’Inghilterra dei Tudor, si fosse soliti minare la mascolinità dei propri avversari accusandoli di aver frequentato lo Studium patavino e di aver imparato in terra veneta la tecnica del fioretto,... more
Analisi recenti hanno dimostrato come, nell’Inghilterra dei Tudor, si fosse soliti minare la mascolinità dei propri avversari accusandoli di aver frequentato lo Studium patavino e di aver imparato in terra veneta la tecnica del fioretto, pratiche disdicevoli a un vero uomo. Il contributo mira a discutere i risultati di tali ricerche alla luce di un ampio studio promosso dall’Università di Padova in occasione de suo ottavo centenario.
Thursday, April 22, 2021
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Mapping Early Modern Religious Dissent
EMoDiR panels
RSA 2020 Philadelphia

EMoDiR co-sponsored events
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Giovedì 9 maggio 2019 ore 9.30-13.00 Firenze, Dipartimento SAGAS, Aula 15, via G. Capponi, 9 Contro l'Inquisizione, per l'inquisizione Per il Laboratorio di Storia Moderna: Temi e problemi di Storia Moderna Coordina: Lucia Felici... more
Giovedì 9 maggio 2019

ore 9.30-13.00

Firenze, Dipartimento SAGAS, Aula 15,  via G. Capponi, 9

Contro l'Inquisizione, per l'inquisizione
Per il Laboratorio di Storia Moderna:
Temi e problemi di Storia Moderna

Coordina: Lucia Felici
Intervengono: Matteo Duni (Syracuse University Florence) Dennj Solera (Università di Firenze), Michaela Valente (Università del Molise)

Programma (pdf)
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La fama di Gian Vincenzo Pinelli (1535-1601) è soprattutto legata alla sua biblioteca: circa 9.500 stampati e oltre 1.000 manoscritti, che egli riunisce e mette a disposizione degli studiosi. Alle conoscenze consegnate nei libri si... more
La fama di Gian Vincenzo Pinelli (1535-1601) è soprattutto legata alla sua biblioteca: circa 9.500 stampati e oltre 1.000 manoscritti, che egli riunisce e mette a disposizione degli studiosi. Alle conoscenze consegnate nei libri si affiancano le informazioni raccolte attraverso la corrispondenza con gli eruditi di tutta Europa e attraverso le conversazioni intrecciate con amici e visitatori. La casa di Pinelli diventa così un importante crocevia culturale, in cui il sapere non solo è conservato, ma si arricchisce e permette la produzione di nuovo sapere. In questo libro si delineano la vita e la personalità di Pinelli, si mettono in luce i percorsi tramite cui si è costituita la collezione e i mezzi messi a punto per gestirla in maniera funzionale, se ne segue la storia fino alla sua parziale distruzione, si descrivono i testimoni manoscritti che ne permettono la ricostruzione e si analizza la composizione del fondo degli stampati in base alla distribuzione dei volumi per lingua, luogo di provenienza, datazione, formato, argomento.
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9 novembre 2019, ore 10:00-19:00 Aula Parva, Dipartimento SAGAS, Università degli Studi di Firenze Via San Gallo 10, Firenze Giornata di studi. Violenza sacra. Rappresentazioni, istituzioni, dottrine e pratiche della violenza religiosa... more
9 novembre 2019, ore 10:00-19:00
Aula Parva, Dipartimento SAGAS, Università degli Studi di Firenze
Via San Gallo 10, Firenze

Giornata di studi.
Violenza sacra. Rappresentazioni, istituzioni, dottrine e pratiche della violenza religiosa tra Medioevo ed Età moderna.
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Thanks to the development of inquisitorial research, historians can now have a more detailed idea of the Roman Inquisition. Nevertheless, there are some aspects that still remain unknown, such as the inquisitorial staff. This... more
Thanks to the development of inquisitorial research, historians can now have a more detailed idea of the Roman Inquisition. Nevertheless, there are some aspects that still remain unknown, such as the inquisitorial staff. This heterogeneous group was composed from notaries, bodyguards, stewards, lawyers and by hundreds people who concretely ran the Tribunal for three centuries. They earned spiritual, economic, military and jurisdictional privileges. These laic collaborators were of fundamental importance, not only to keep strong control over society, but also in building solid relations with local élites. All inquisitorial assistants were an expression of indigenous interests, thus showing us how the so-called “terrible Tribunal” was at the same time a strategic opportunity for aristocratic and powerful families.

This presentation will also encourage general reflections about the Counter Reformation’s and Italian history over the early modern and modern period.
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2000, anno giubilare. Il pontefice Giovanni Paolo II apre alla comunità degli studiosi gli archivi della Congregazione per la Dottrina della Fede (ex Sant’Uffizio), all’epoca diretta dal cardinal Joseph Ratzinger. Inizia con questo evento... more
2000, anno giubilare. Il pontefice Giovanni Paolo II apre alla comunità degli studiosi gli archivi della Congregazione per la Dottrina della Fede (ex Sant’Uffizio), all’epoca diretta dal cardinal Joseph Ratzinger. Inizia con questo evento il primo vero confronto dell’istituzione religiosa con la comunità scientifica, storica e non solo. L’importanza di tale apertura non può essere compresa se non si ricorda che in passato era prevista persino la pena di morte per coloro che avessero consultato indebitamente i documenti inquisitoriali.
Quale fu nei secoli il rapporto intercorso tra il potere secolare, interessato al governo delle persone, e queste fonti così gelosamente custodite? Come può essere interpretata la contesa di tali documenti e quanto essa è stata espressione delle tensioni dei tempi passati? Attorno a quali temi si focalizzò lo scontro per le carte del “tremendo Tribunale”? Il podestà di Rovigo (metà ’500) e Napoleone Bonaparte (1810) sottrassero numerosi documenti all’Inquisizione romana, ma la somiglianza delle due azioni nasconde la difformità degli intenti che le motivarono. I casi citati vengono proposti come estremi di un arco cronologico nel quale cambiò per sempre il rapporto tra potere secolare e potere religioso: si stava passando dall’ “utrumque ius in utroque foro” a ordinamenti ormai inconciliabili.
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Malta, 1626. In a courthouse Donzo, an Abyssinian probably reported by an informer, and Onorato Visconti, inquisitor and distinguished prelate of the Catholic Church, face each other. The narration of this fact is possible thanks to the... more
Malta, 1626.  In a courthouse Donzo, an Abyssinian probably reported by an informer, and Onorato Visconti, inquisitor and distinguished prelate of the Catholic Church, face each other. The narration of this fact is possible thanks to the summary of the trial conserved at the TCD (Trinity College Dublin) and to some drafts shielded at BAV (Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana). A complex dialogue, that will soon become an “inquisitorial rebus”, develops between them: the guilty declares himself Christian, belonging to the Salamonid sect, even though circumcised, baptized and eventually apostate converted to Islam.
The Donzo’s case is only a chance to illustrate how the Roman Holy Office was forced, especially in peculiar sights as Malta was, to a continuous interpretation and translation of different cultures. In many boundary regions was hard to interpret reality by the usual and rigid mind-set of the sixteenth century’s Church.
Research Interests:
Research Interests: