Geolinguistics

Cet article se propose d’étudier différents aspects du changement linguistique actuel dans le domaine du catalan nord-occidental grâce à un corpus contemporain conçu spécialement à ces fins. Pour ce faire, nous nous appuierons sur plusieurs méthodes dialectométriques – basées sur la distance de Levenshtein et l’interface Gabmap – afin de calculer et analyser la distance linguistique entre ces variétés en temps apparent et selon une perspective quantitative globale. Concrètement, notre attention se portera sur le processus de perte structurelle qui affecte plusieurs variétés nord-occidentales de Catalogne et d’Andorre à la suite d’une advergence progressive avec les variétés orientales et le standard, situation totalement opposée au phénomène de relative stabilité des dialectes situés dans les régions soumises à l’administration aragonaise. Nous prendrons donc en considération le double processus d’advergence verticale des variétés catalanes et andorranes avec les variétés de prestige et en revanche, la divergence horizontale entre celles-ci et les différentes variétés de la Franja ; le résultat en étant une plus grande incidence de l’effet-frontière. Par ailleurs, nous constaterons que le changement linguistique qui touche le catalan nord-occidental est un phénomène complexe dans lequel le processus séculaire d’orientalisation semble céder le pas à un processus plus récent et plus puissant de standardisation. Enfin, nous analyserons les modèles de diffusion des innovations ayant le plus de poids sur le changement linguistique et nous indiquerons la complémentarité des modèles de diffusion hiérarchiques et par propagation.

Pilar García Mouton (CSIC) e Isabel Molina Martos (UAH) publican el Atlas Dialectal de Madrid, un atlas lingüístico sobre un territorio poco conocido en la bibliografía especializada. El ADiM es un atlas de pequeño dominio cuyos mapas -1188 mapas léxicos en esta primera entrega- dejan ver las diferencias entre las hablas rurales de la Comunidad de Madrid, el origen y la dirección de  las tendencias que se descubren en ellas, sus zonas características, etc.
La página está pensada para especialistas, pero también para un público amplio interesado por la variación lingüística. Además de mapas lingüísticos, el ADiM incorpora textos orales, etnotextos, archivos sonoros y las publicaciones de sus directoras sobre Madrid, todo en función de ampliar los conocimientos de la comunidad científica y de responder, al mismo tiempo, a la curiosidad de los hablantes por saber cómo son las hablas rurales madrileñas.

В данной статье представлена биография крупного учёного-диалектолога А. Ф. Войтенко, благодаря фундаментальным трудам которой («Словарь говоров Подмосковья», «Лингвистический атлас Московской области», «Московская диалектная лексика в ареальном аспекте», «Что двор, то говор»), по словам ведущего научного сотрудника Отдела диалектологии и лингвистической географии ИРЯ им. В. В. Виноградова РАН А. В. Тер-Аванесовой, «Подмосковье является наиболее изученной с точки зрения лексики и этнологии территорией России».

This article shows biography of talented dialectologist A. F. Voitenko, thanks to the works of which («Dictionary of dialects of the Moscow region», «Linguistic Atlas of Moscow region», «Moscow dialectal vocabulary in areal aspect», «To each homestead, it's dialect»), according to A. V. Ter-Avanesova, «the Moscow region is the most studied in terms of vocabulary and ethnology, the territory of Russia».

This paper deals with the maritime lexicon of Kali (Central Čakavian dialect), one of the most important fishing centres on the Croatian side of Adriatic, in a broader geolinguistic context of Dalmatia and Kvarner. The material was collected within the project JAPRK – Linguistic Atlas of the Maritime Culture in Dalmatia and Kvarner. The analyses of the specific lexicon proceeds from broader lexical areas (Kvarner and Norther Dalmatia) to narrower ones (Zadar archipelago; Kali and surroundings).

Panay is the Philippines' sixth largest island and is home to the lingua franca of Western Visayas, Hiligaynon. Within Panay, the northwestern region is specially diverse, having at least five different languages comprising its local linguistic ecology. These languages include Aklanon (and Malaynon), Kinaray-a and Caluyanen from the Western Visayan branch, in addition of Inati and Capiznon from the Peripheral Visayan branch. Aklanon is particularly known for its unique feature among Visayan languages of having a voiced velar fricative [ɣ]. Using Voronoi mapping, spatial distribution of phonological and lexical features within the province of Aklan and nearby areas will be presented. Particular isoglosses and bundles of isoglosses marking major divisions between dialects at the municipal level will be identified. A similarity matrix based on these lexical and phonological features will also be calculated. Supplementary interpretations will be postulated based on distance-based clustering algorithms.

Presentamos aquí el Atlas Dialectal de Madrid (ADiM)
[adim.cchs.csic.es], un atlas español de pequeño dominio pensado para
caracterizar las hablas rurales de la Comunidad de Madrid que, a pesar de su centralidad y su cercanía a la capital de España, no habían recibido hasta ahora una atención de conjunto. Solo el Atlas Lingüístico de la Península Ibérica (ALPI) (Navarro Tomás 1962), dirigido por Tomás Navarro Tomás en la primera mitad del siglo XX, cubría con sus encuestas cuatro puntos madrileños –Cadalso de los Vidrios (punto 454), Rascafría (punto 455), Valdepiélagos (punto 456) y Valdelaguna (punto 457)–, pero el volumen I del ALPI solo publicó 75 mapas, a partir de unas encuestas que, en la provincia de Madrid, se hicieron en los años treinta del siglo pasado. El ADiM pretende ser un instrumento para completar el panorama geolingüístico del centro peninsular, ya que enlaza sus datos por el norte con los del Atlas Lingüístico de Castilla y León (ALCyL) (Alvar 1999) y, por el este y el sur, con los del Atlas Lingüístico y etnográfico de Castilla-La Mancha (ALeCMan) (García Mouton y Moreno Fernández 2003-), atlas con el que comparte algunos aspectos metodológicos.

This study analyzes the historical and sociolinguistic dynamics of dialect contact among Galloitalic dialects in Eastern Piedmont, which have been reconstructed with the analysis of several linguistic features. They have been examined at several levels of linguistic analysis, with special attention to the diatopic and diachronic variation. The study makes use of a great array of sources for linguistic data, such as field interviews, linguistic atlases, descriptive grammars, and historical texts.

This paper focuses on one of the biggest desiderata in practical lexicography: the labelling of lexemes by region in the widest sense of the word. In a highly mobile world, regional labelling is bound to receive more attention, yet it is perhaps the least precise aspect of English dictionaries more generally. Largely comprised of two groups – of national terms, such as Americanisms or Briticisms, and of regional terms of a certain more local provenance, such as Southwestern Ontario or Scottish – regional labelling in English dictionaries suffers from both a theoretical neglect and a practical lack of adequate data that dictionary editors could easily use in their assessments of their terms' regional dimensions. This paper reports on the method developed for the forthcoming Second Edition of the Dictionary of Canadianisms on Historical Principles (DCHP-2). Using site-restricted web searches, in combination with a long-term web monitoring, the method rests on a normalization routine that produces "Frequency Indices" that are easily visualized. It will be shown that, counter to recent lexicographic best practices, web-scaled resources, which are generally preferred by computational linguists and lexicographers as clean yet large resources, are unfortunately not adequate for this task. For better or worse, the unfiltered, messy web, when used with fail-safe routines and some heuristic reasoning, is the best chance for attaining regional information on large numbers of items; items that would otherwise be marked in a highly subjective manner or not at all.

I aim in this chapter to provide a generalizing genetic and geolinguistic (arealtypological) analysis of Slavic dialects in the Balkan context and to offer synthetic conclusions at the present state of research. I will make statements on theory and terminology, research method and tasks, present my data and discuss divergent and convergent developments. All this will help me achieve a solid knowledge of how general mechanisms of genetic splitting and typological merging, borrowing and calquing, language shift, and language and ethnic separation interplayed to make Balkan Slavic a special language group.

L'obiettivo di questo articolo è di studiare la distribuzione di tratti linguistici (fonetici-fonologici e morfologici) in alcuni dialetti piemontesi orientali, con particolare riferimento a un'area compresa tra i centri medi Vercelli e Casale Monferrato. In una prospettiva di contatto tra dialetti si sono analizzate le dinamiche sociolinguistiche che hanno consentito la conservazione di tratti rustici e la diffusione di tratti di varietà urbane prestigiose, in particolare del torinese. A partire dall'analisi dei dati si è tentato di collegare i dati linguistici a fatti storici e sociali.

This paper aims to examine the distribution of linguistic features (phonetic-phonological and morphological) in some eastern Piedmontese dialects, with particular reference to an area included between middle towns Vercelli and Casale Monferrato. In a dialect contact perspective, this analysis deals with sociolinguistic dynamics that allowed for the persistence of rural speech forms and for the diffusion of prestigious urban speech forms, in particular Turinese ones. Starting from data analysis, a connection between linguistic data and historical and social facts is suggested.

This paper argues that folk linguistic research methods have much to offer critical sociolinguists concerned with linguistic inequalities and power structures. In as much as critical theory considers knowledge as inherently woven into power relations, the folk linguistics research tradition shows that knowledge about language and the sociolinguistic world is not only the domain of academics but also resides, and is actioned, in the community. This paper specifically explores the contribution folk linguistic research methods can make to critical sociolinguistics. The paper argues that folk linguistic methods are not only well-placed to identify and trace community-based claims of knowledge that create and sustain inequalities between languages and speakers, but also allow us to localise sociolinguistic knowledge by understanding local phenomena through local world-views. Ultimately, this helps to decolonise sociolinguistics by voicing, legitimising and indeed applying more ontologies and epistemologies of language than those from the West that generally still dominate sociolinguistic scholarship.

GARCIA PERALES, VICENT-FERRAN (2018), “Ressenya a Vicent Beltran Calvo & Carles Segura-Llopes, Els parlars valencians, Publicacions de la Universitat de València, 2017”, en Vicent J. Escartí (dir.), SCRIPTA, Revista internacional de literatura i cultura medieval i moderna, vol. 12, núm. 12 (desembre 2018), Aportacions a l’estudi de la literatura medieval, p. 254-258 (ISSN: 2340 - 4841 doi:10.7203/SCRIPTA.12.13659).

En el presente trabajo de investigación se analizan las características etimológicas, semánticas y dialectales del léxico de las partes del ojo a partir de las informaciones léxicas que atesoran los atlas lingüísticos del español, catalán y gallego elaborados en la Península Ibérica. Se estudian individualmente las diferentes designaciones que en las distintas zonas lingüísticas de la Península se recogen en los mapas de cinco conceptos referidos al ojo (la ‘ceja’, el ‘párpado’, la ‘pestaña’, la ‘pupila’ y la ‘esclerótica’). Finalmente, se analizan los resultados extraídos desde un punto de vista lexicológico para cada uno de los conceptos con el fin de obtener una visión general de las propiedades más relevantes del léxico de este campo semántico.

Archaism, Relic Islands and Continuity (II) Abstract
This is the second part of the text “Archaism, relic islands and continuity”, discussing the importance of areal factors for historical linguistics by using the results of etymological and areal linguistic research. In this part the Dacian substrata words are analyzed from an areal point of view. We comment on the semantic and the areal features of autochthonous elements and the general characteristics of lexical elements of autochthon origin, followed by the complete bibliography for parts 1 and 2.
Cuvinte cheie: etimologie, geolingvistică, substrat, teoria continuităţii, limba română.
Key words: etymology, areal linguistics, substratum, Theory of Continuity, Rumanian language.

ABSTRACT: This paper describes and horiometrically evaluates a selection of phonic features of the dialect of Fernidiellu (Forniella, León) that show a differential diatopic typology reducible to the categories of ‘western’ and ‘eastern’ strictly according to their geographical distribution pattern. Due to their particular interest, the reflexes of intervocalic -N- in the dialect of Fernidiellu are described in detail.

Nel lavoro si prendono in esame i nomi dialettali per diverse varietà di Salix. e i loro rami, dando ipotesi etimologiche e riscontri areali. I nomi per i rami di salice sono diversi a seconda se vivi, tagliati, sbucciati per intrecciarli e farne stuoie, ceste, ecc.

ENGLISH
The main purpose of this work is a geolinguistic approach to the phonetic phenomenon of aspiration of implosive /s/ in the dialect of Castilla La Mancha, through the analysis of some representative charts of the ALECMan (Linguistic and Ethnographic Atlas of Castilla La Mancha).
After a brief description of the Atlas and the phenomenon examined, this analysis shows to what extent the occurrence of the aspiration depends on the phoneme following the implosive /s/, as well as it questions the consideration of the phenomenon as typical of southern dialects, while it spreads out until some northern parts of the region.

ESPAÑOL
El objetivo principal del presente trabajo ha sido el estudio geolingüístico del fenómeno de la aspiración de /s/ implosiva en las hablas de Castilla La Mancha, a través del análisis de los mapas más representativos del ALECMan (Atlas Lingüístico y Etnográfico de Castilla La Mancha).
Tras una breve descripción del Atlas y del fenómeno examinado, este análisis intenta enseñar en qué medida la ocurrencia de la aspiración depende del fonema que sigue la /s/ implosiva, y al mismo tiempo cuestionar la apartenencia de ese fenómeno a las hablas meridionales de España, puesto que se extiende hasta algunas partes del norte de la región.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

- José Enrique Gargallo Gil, Nikola Vuletić: Présentation (7-8)
- August Kovačec (HAZU - Zagreb): L’apport scientifique du professeur Vinja dans le domaine de la linguistique romane (9-22)

ÉTUDES

- José Enrique Gargallo Gil (Barcelona): Mar y meteorología popular en la Romania (25-46)
- João Saramago (Lisboa): La nomenclature des poissons aux Açores : aires de distribution et motivation (47-72)
- Xosé Afonso Álvarez Pérez (Lisboa): Oltre quella “foce stretta”: un viaggio geolinguistico attraverso l’Atlantico portoghese (73-91)
- Joan Veny (Barcelona): Vocabulaire ichtyonymique et nautique catalan dans la Romania (93-110)
- Germà Colón (Basel): De sinonímica catalana (111-122)
- Maria Pilar Perea (Barcelona): Tecnologías informáticas y variación dialectal (123-139)
- Michel Contini (Grenoble 3): Geolinguistica della Sardegna. Dalla Carta corografica dello Spano al progetto AliMuS (141-170)
- Hans Goebl (Salzburg): Introduzione ai problemi e metodi della dialettometria, applicati ai dati dell’Atlante italo-svizzero AIS
(con particolare riguardo ai dialetti del Veneto e dell’Istria) (171-225)
- Rada Cossutta (Koper): Lessico d’origine slovena nel dialetto triestino (227-234)
- Metka Furlan (SAZU - Ljubljana): Su un prestito romanzo nelle parlate dell’Istria slovena (235-247)
- Suzana Giljanovič (Koper): Prestiti romanzi ibridi nelle parlate istroslovene (249-261)
- Sandra Tamaro (Pula): Noterelle etimologiche e semantiche sull’eredità
romanza (veneziana) nel lessico ciacavo di Bogliuno d’Istria (263-284)
- Barbara Buršić Giudici (Pula): Etimologie istriote: la casa (285-297)
- Nikola Vuletić (Zadar): Les mones de Pasqua de l’Adriàtic croat: un recorregut geolingüístic i etimològic (299-316)
- Orsat Ligorio (Leiden): Uno sguardo ai relitti dalmato-romanzi in -culu e -tulu (317-321)
- Francesco Avolio (L'Aquila): Dalle Marche al Salento: L’Italia peninsulare adriatica e alcune questioni geolinguistiche (323-332)
- Antonio Romano (Torino): La caratterizzazione greco-romanza della fitonimia popolare salentina: spunti metodologici (333-360)

MISES EN RELIEF

- Goran Filipi (Pula): Come comunicano gli istriani: è possibile una koinè assoluta in un ambiente multiculturale, multilingue e multietnico (sull’esempio istriano)? (363-375)
- Vladimir Skračić (Zadar): Centre de recherche onomastique de l’Adriatique (377-383)

The paper carries out a typological-statistical analysis concentrating on the 100 most common surnames in Hungary, focusing on certain methodological aspects, which have received less than due attention in earlier studies. The research also aims to point out some characteristics of the surname stock in question in comparison with other European surname systems. The majority of European countries significant efforts have been, or are being made to describe the structure, composition and geographical distribution of their surname stock. The findings, unsurprisingly, show noteworthy differences, which are often linked to national borders and the historic-geographic presence of a language and its speaking community.  Similar studies have to be carried out in several countries, based on the most representative name corpuses and using a similar methodology - presupposes large-scale international cooperation and coordination efforts.