Human Machine Interaction

The trustworthiness of robots and autonomous systems (RAS) has taken a prominent position on the way towards full autonomy. This work is the first to systematically explore the key facets of human-centred AI for trustworthy RAS. We identified five key properties of a trustworthy RAS, i.e., RAS must be (i) safe in any uncertain and dynamic environment; (ii) secure, i.e., protect itself from cyber threats; (iii) healthy and fault-tolerant; (iv) trusted and easy to use to enable effective human-machine interaction (HMI); (v) compliant with the law and ethical expectations. While the applications of RAS have mainly focused on performance and productivity, not enough scientific attention has been paid to the risks posed by advanced AI in RAS. We analytically examine the challenges of implementing trustworthy RAS with respect to the five key properties and explore the role and roadmap of AI technologies in ensuring the trustworthiness of RAS in respect of safety, security, health, HMI, and ethics. A new acceptance model of RAS is provided as a framework for human-centric AI requirements and for implementing trustworthy RAS by design. This approach promotes human-level intelligence to augment human capabilities and focuses on contribution to humanity.

Advances in technology have allowed computers and peripherals to become more affordable and useable. Technology is also trickling down and being integrated into other consumer products such as those found in the home, such as alarm clocks. Two studies examined the desirability of various features that have or could be incorporated into alarm clocks. In Study 1, 378 people evaluated the importance of various features that have or could be incorporated into alarm clocks. They were also asked to report other features not listed. Study 2 was similar except a larger list of potential features was included. Both studies indicated that there are several features considered more important (e.g., digital face, independent buttons to set hours and minutes, low price) than others (e.g., traditional analog clock face, cassette player). Also, feature importance differed depending on gender and undergraduatelnon-student groups. Factor analyses revealed that ergonomic aspects were being considered with respect to feature desirability. Implications for human factors/ergonomics issues are discussed including specific suggestions for alarm clock designs and other electronic consumer products.

The motives for bringing about the Hellenic-Serbian Dialogue Series originate from the sentiment that mutual relations between Greeks and Sebs far surpass the cultural exchange between Greece and Serbia. Knowing that cooperation does not simply fall into one’s lap, but must be initiated by human will and energy, a group of philosophers from Athens and Novi Sad, the proverbial “Athens of Serbia,” committed themselves to improving this state of affairs, at least within the confines of their area of expertise, philosophy. It is our firm intent to carry out the promise of the title of this series in the following years. Apart from mere cooperation between our two institutions, our aim is also to facilitate an international dialogue that would involve a wide range of thinkers, regardless of their place of employment. The topic of this second volume is personhood, which was spurred on by the need to investigate the condition of humanity in the twenty-first century. With this second volume...

Software is usually studied in terms of the changes triggered by its operations in the material world. Yet, to understand its social and cultural impact, one needs to examine also the different narratives that circulate about it. Software's opacity, in fact, makes it prone to being translated into a plurality of narratives that help people make sense of its functioning and presence. Drawing from the case of Joseph Weizenbaum's ELIZA, widely considered the first chatbot ever created, this paper proposes a theoretical framework based on the concept of " biographies of media " to illuminate the dynamics and implications of software's discursive life. The case of ELIZA is particularly relevant in this regard because it became the center of competing narratives, whose trajectories transcended the actual functioning of this program and shaped key controversies about the implications of computing and AI.

Prologue: The present proposal investigates a novel visual machine and address issues in highly controversial areas of computer vision, such as eye movements, attention and deep learning. Our research studies, centers on very basic but fundamental question challenging most existing models: encoding differences between intensively looking and casual glancing in learning and recognition? This is a hard problem going beyond visual objects physical boundaries and surpass feature maps. We believe, visual invariance need additional fuzzy/relativity evaluations reshaping trends of innovations, especially in proactive vision. However, we are happy to have access to studies of human vision as a general road map. Yet, it does create new challenges to existing systems demanding greater adaptation capacity, a human like efficiency for interaction with surrounding environment. We examine a plausible learning mechanism for exogenous vision to organize endogenous 3-D solution space, extending human-machine interaction. Results show, interaction of system and visual objects drive endogenous 3-D space that retains trends of behaviors. Retracing activities in real world visual scenarios. To this end, we investigate system-objects interaction that generate sufficient energy for organizing and reorganizing deep layered learning apparatus. In brief, we combine time and energy in self-adaptive processes, a novel approach is used to detect and map high-dimension visual information to organize 3-D space. A deep learning neural structure is proposed to demonstrate serial and parallel process in proactive vision.

Spoken language interfaces are currently playing an increasing role in the human-machine interaction, becoming a necessity for most of the new practical applications and services demanded by our modern and "mobile" world. This is mainly a consequence of the fact that communication networks may offer simple and inexpensive access to a large amount of diversified information and services, concurring to

— The aim of this paper is to take first steps in direction of a scientifically oriented aesthetics of New Media Art, taking into account the transformation of musical aesthetics taking place at present induced by new digital methods in artistic sound and music computing. Starting ...

Deakin University’s futuristic Universal Motion Simulator will overcome the limitations of current motion simulator platforms by employing an anthropomorphic robot arm to provide the motion fidelity necessary to exploit the potential of modern simulation environments. Full motion simulators frequently utilize Stewart platforms to mimic the movement of vehicles during simulation. However, due to the limited motion range and dexterity of such systems, and their inability to convey realistic accelerations, they are unable to represent accurate motion characteristics. The Universal Motion Simulator aims to close the gap between the limitations of the current motion technology and the real world, by introducing a flexible, modular, high-fidelity motion system that can be used for a variety of immersive training applications. The modular nature of the design allows interchangeable and configurable simulation pods to be attached to the end effector. Existing robot-based motion platforms us...

The aim of this paper is to take first steps in direction of a scientifically oriented aesthetics of New Media Art, taking into account the transformation of musical aesthetics taking place at present induced by new digital methods in artistic sound and music computing. Starting from the observation of relevant current issues in music composition and performances such as gesture control in algorithmic sound synthesis, live coding, musical robotics, and live algorithms for music, certain important concepts concerning a theory of human-machine interaction, which are at present under development in our research project C10 "Artistic Interactivity in Hybrid Networks" as part of the collaborative research center SFB/FK 427 "Media and Cultural Communication", are introduced and related to artistic practices. The essential concept of this theory – "interactivity" – is used as a generic term for different kinds of human-machine interactions and is closely relat...

A text usually contains one or a few main topics, which are split up into subtopics, which in their turn can be further described by more detailed topics. In this article we describe a system that segments a text into topics and subtopics. Each segment is characterized by important key terms that are extracted from it and by its begin and end position in the text. A table of contents is built by using the hierarchical and sequential relationships between topical segments that are identified in a text. The table of contents generator relies upon universal linguistic theories on the topic and comment of a sentence and on patterns of thematic progression in text. The linguistic theories of topic and comment are modeled both deterministically and probabilistically. The system is applied to English texts (news, World Wide Web and encyclopedia texts) and is evaluated.(Received March 08 2004)(Revised December 26 2005)

Increasingly, researchers are creating machines with humanlike social behaviors to elicit desired human responses such as trust and engagement, but a systematic characterization and categorization of such behaviors and their demonstrated effects is missing. This paper proposes a taxonomy of machine behavior based on what has been experimented with and documented in the literature to date. We argue that self presentation theory, a psychosocial model of human interaction, provides a principled framework to structure existing knowledge in this domain and guide future research and development. We leverage a foundational human self-presentation taxonomy (Jones and Pittman, 1982), which associates human verbal behaviors with strategies, to guide the literature review of human-machine interaction studies we present in this paper. In our review, we identified 36 studies that have examined human-machine interactions with behaviors corresponding to strategies from the taxonomy. We analyzed frequently and infrequently used strategies to identify patterns and gaps, which led to the adaptation of Jones and Pittman’s human self-presentation taxonomy to a machine self-presentation taxonomy. The adapted taxonomy identifies strategies and behaviors machines can employ when presenting themselves to humans in order to elicit desired human responses and attitudes. Drawing from models of human trust we discuss how to apply the taxonomy to affect perceived machine trustworthiness.

This paper is aimed to introduce IDIAP Brain Computer In- terface (IBCI) research that successfully applied Ambience Intelligence (AmI) principles in designing intelligent brain-machine interactions. We proceed through IBCI applications describing how machines can decode and react to the human mental commands, cognitive and emotive states. We show how eective human-machine interaction for brain computer interfacing (BCI) can be achieved

th IFAC Symposium on Analysis, Design, and Evaluation of Human-Machine Systems, Atlanta, 2004) Abstract: Some installations of human-machine interactions aiming at a close integration of art, science and technology will be presented. Several projects originating from a course Production Informatics have resulted in public performances demonstrating some aspects of a combination of real and virtual, human and machine performances: Theater of Machines, Media and Theatre (Methea), Theater in virtual Worlds, Mixed Reality Stages. Copyright © 2004 IFAC

This study developed and evaluated the performance of a method of reducing the quiescent energy consumption in conventional class AB audio power amplifiers, which are commonly used in public address systems.The structure of a conventional class AB audio power amplifier was modified to allow it to be successfully and profitably timed via a dynamic selection of a low power mode. The resulting audio power amplifier circuit was modeled with MULTISIM®. A microcontroller circuit, used to control the audio power amplifier in response to user timing commands and presence or absence of audio signals, was also designed and modeled with Proteus® software, and then constructed to bring about a reduction in the quiescent power requirement of the audio power amplifier by a factor of 1000.