Information Modeling

Information modeling is an effective technology for managing the life cycle of a
construction project. Creating a physical three-dimensional model is the initial stage
of information modeling, the value of the quality and reliability of the physical model
cannot be overestimated.
The article provides a rationale for the possibility of structural modeling in Tekla
Structures. The software allows you to solve the whole range of design tasks. For
reusable structures, custom components can be created, the degree of parameterization
of which depends only on the qualifications and desires of the designer and the
objectives of the project.
Tekla Structures system serves as an effective design tool: it is also able to give
students of building specialties a visual representation of the designs of various types.
The 3D model of the building structure is equivalent to the layout, it is quite obvious,
its complexity may vary depending on the stage of training (course) and the tasks solved
in the educational process.
The work on introducing BIM into the educational process has great potential and
is capable of raising the quality of education of students and their competitiveness in
the labor market to a level that meets modern requirements not only in the Republic of
Belarus, but also beyond its borders.

Object-Role Modeling (ORM) is an approach for modeling and querying information at the conceptual level, and for transforming ORM models and queries to or from other representations. Unlike attribute-based approaches such as Entity-Relationship (ER) modeling and class modeling within the Unified Modeling Language (UML), ORM is fact-oriented, where all facts and rules are modeled in terms of natural sentences easily understood and validated by nontechnical business users. ORM’s modeling procedure facilitates validation by verbalization and population with concrete examples. ORM’s graphical notation is far more expressive than that of ER diagrams or UML class diagrams, and its attribute-free nature makes it more stable and adaptable to changing business requirements. This article explains the fundamentals of ORM, illustrates some of its advantages as a data modeling approach, and outlines some recent research to extend ORM, with special attention to mappings to deductive databases.

Information modeling is an effective technology for managing the life cycle of a construction project. Creating a physical three-dimensional model is the initial stage of information modeling, the value of the quality and reliability of the physical model cannot be overestimated. The article provides a rationale for the possibility of structural modeling in Tekla Structures. The software allows you to solve the whole range of design tasks. For reusable structures, custom components can be created, the degree of parameterization of which depends only on the qualifications and desires of the designer and the objectives of the project. Tekla Structures system serves as an effective design tool: it is also able to give students of building specialties a visual representation of the designs of various types. The 3D model of the building structure is equivalent to the layout, it is quite obvious, its complexity may vary depending on the stage of training (course) and the tasks solved in the educational process. The work on introducing BIM into the educational process has great potential and is capable of raising the quality of education of students and their competitiveness in the labor market to a level that meets modern requirements not only in the Republic of Belarus, but also beyond its borders.

In this essay I will give some insight about the results of my quest as archivist  to understand the fundamentals of information. It is about trying not only to understand the complexity, but most and for all to grasp or grock this phenomenon. With the verb grock one indicates that he or she is to understand completely and thoroughly an object, subject or issue (Heinlein 1961). At some point it was for me a surprise to notice that the common perception of complexity of information and information management overshadows the relative simplicity of the outcome of the grocking.
As a result of this journey I was able to develop a basic information model or framework that consists at its core only of three basic interconnected elements. Each element has its own characteristics. An information model is for me a somewhat formal abstract description of objects, attributes, relationships, and rules in a particular domain. It was for me a feasible answer to questions about the possibility to come up with an information model including a model for sharing and exchange of information independent of social, organizational and technical changes and at the same time a model compliant to the required qualities and retention interests. This model I call defiantly the Leeuwarder Information Model (LIM) because there it came eventually to existence. Although it is a kind of archival information model I found it somewhat insolent to call it so. There are indeed enough other archival information models around.
Despite the organizational or cultural background of actors and despite what technical instruments are used for processing information there is always a consistent undercurrent. An undercurrent from the viewpoint of information as a constant factor with basic interwoven notions or concepts as context, documents or more neutral information objects, activities, communication or exchange and particularly also notions about their mutual dependencies.
The sum of these three elements can be called meaningful information (MI). These three elements also determine whether or not a set of meaningful information makes up an archival record. Information is considered a record when it can be used in a personal or organizational context as evidence of a transaction, for reasons of compliancy, conformancy and governance. It is mostly about administrative, legal, fiscal values. As a rule one can say a record is always meaningful information, but not all meaningful information is record. Meaningful information is only a record because we want it to be a record. One could say a record is a construct that lies in the eyes of the beholder. But to avoid further distraction this essay is not about the definition of records and recordness. That is a discussion that has to take place elsewhere.
A real surprise was to observe that essential parts of my notion of meaningful information could be annex to the concept of semantic information (SI) of Floridi (2010). A discovery I found worthwhile to look further into.

Due to the increasing use of electronic patient records and other health care information technology, we see an increase in requests to utilize these data. A highly level of standardization is required during the gathering of these data in the clinical context in order to use it for analyses. Detailed Clinical Models (DCM) have been created toward this purpose and several initiatives have been implemented in various parts of the world to create standardized models. This paper presents a review of DCM. Two types of analyses are presented; one comparing DCM against health care information architectures and a second bottom up approach from concept analysis to representation. In addition core parts of the draft ISO standard 13972 on DCM are used such as clinician involvement, data element specification, modeling, meta information, and repository and governance. SIX INITIATIVES WERE SELECTED: Intermountain Healthcare, 13606/OpenEHR Archetypes, Clinical Templates, Clinical Contents Models...

Information modeling is an effective technology for managing the life cycle of a construction project. Creating a physical three-dimensional model is the initial stage of information modeling, the value of the quality and reliability of the physical model cannot be overestimated. The article provides a rationale for the possibility of structural modeling in Tekla Structures. The software allows you to solve the whole range of design tasks. For reusable structures, custom components can be created, the degree of parameterization of which depends only on the qualifications and desires of the designer and the objectives of the project. Tekla Structures system serves as an effective design tool: it is also able to give students of building specialties a visual representation of the designs of various types. The 3D model of the building structure is equivalent to the layout, it is quite obvious, its complexity may vary depending on the stage of training (course) and the tasks solved in the educational process. The work on introducing BIM into the educational process has great potential and is capable of raising the quality of education of students and their competitiveness in the labor market to a level that meets modern requirements not only in the Republic of Belarus, but also beyond its borders.

The paper presents new concepts in the area of relationship modeling in management information. A formal model of relationships between managed object classes is presented. The integration of relationships with object oriented concepts used in information modeling considerably enhances its semantic richness. A foundation for relationship-based navigation using virtual relationships arising from commutativity, transitivity, and distribution semantics is created. Finally, a mechanism using virtual attributes is presented to resolve the problem of encapsulation breakdown arising from relationships between object classes

Information modeling is an effective technology for managing the life cycle of a construction project. Creating a physical three-dimensional model is the initial stage of information modeling, the value of the quality and reliability of the physical model cannot be overestimated. The article provides a rationale for the possibility of structural modeling in Tekla Structures. The software allows you to solve the whole range of design tasks. For reusable structures, custom components can be created, the degree of parameterization of which depends only on the qualifications and desires of the designer and the objectives of the project. Tekla Structures system serves as an effective design tool: it is also able to give students of building specialties a visual representation of the designs of various types. The 3D model of the building structure is equivalent to the layout, it is quite obvious, its complexity may vary depending on the stage of training (course) and the tasks solved in the educational process. The work on introducing BIM into the educational process has great potential and is capable of raising the quality of education of students and their competitiveness in the labor market to a level that meets modern requirements not only in the Republic of Belarus, but also beyond its borders.

One of the most important directions in the development of the construction industry is the need to regulate internal business processes in order to increase the ef iciency of the functioning and the speed of adoption of management solutions in the implementation of construction projects. The main modern reasons for the lack of clear regulation internal business processes are their complexity and high cost, incompetence of personnel, instability of functions of a construction company and high cost of hiring consultants. The main disadvantages of management are the lack of a generally accepted structure business management processes, uncertainty in accounting for the relationships between their elements, poorly structured process of information exchange between various construction participants. One of the approaches applied to the analysis weakly structured problem areas, is the introduction of information modeling technology into the construction process.

PERGAMON Control Engineering Practice 6 (1998) 1411-1420 Database design for flexible manufacturing cells Per Gullander3'*, Sven-Arne Andréassonb, Anders Adlemoc a Department ofProduction Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Goteborg, ...

Integration of information models between different software systems is an urgent
task. There are a large number of CAD systems that cover more than 90% of the design
tasks, but the mechanism for transferring information between these programs has not
yet been worked out. Despite the use of common data integration formats (such as IFC,
XML, DXF, DWG, PDF), CAD model elements are represented using various indicators
and characteristics. This leads to a partial loss of information on objects. Integration
of the model in an incomplete form and filling in the missing parameters manually takes
a lot of time and is not effective. To solve this problem, research was carried out, the
result of which was the generalization and structuring of the parameters of the elements

The urban theory is voluminous body of knowledge. There is a kaleidoscope of urban definitions and standpoints, but there are no tools that capture the variegated viewpoints and representations in urbanism. In this article I look at different urban theories, discourses and representations in architecture, sociology, geography, economy, transportation, computer science in order to conceptualize city information modeling (CIM). CIM is conceived and discussed as a system of blocks with dynamic relations or connections that define and redefine territories. The urban life today is a sequence of temporally inhabited and interconnected spaces, movable or fixed. The connections between spaces inspire or inhibit contacts and interactions between people. They bend times and continuously shape and reshape spaces, sociabilities and situations. In architecture there was an evolution from computer-aided design (CAD) to building information modeling (BIM), but in urbanism, where the geographic inf...

PERGAMON Control Engineering Practice 6 (1998) 1411-1420 Database design for flexible manufacturing cells Per Gullander3'*, Sven-Arne Andréassonb, Anders Adlemoc a Department ofProduction Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Goteborg, ...

This paper describes the SCYLLARUS approach to fusing reports from multiple intrusion detection systems (IDSes) to provide an overall approach to intrusion situation awareness. The overall view provided by SCYLLARUS centers around the site's security goals, aggregating large numbers of individual IDS reports based on their impact The overall view reduces information overload by aggregating multiple IDS reports in a top-down view; and by reducing false positives by weighing evidence provided by multiple IDSes and other information sources. Unlike previous efforts in this area, SCYLLARUS is centered around its Intrusion Reference Model (IRM). The SCYLLARUS IRM contains both dynamic and static (configuration) information. A Network Entity/Relationship Database (NERD), providing information about the site's hardware and software; a Security Goal Database, describing the site's objectives and security policy; and an Event Dictionary, describing important events, both intru...

Integration of information models between different software systems is an urgent
task. There are a large number of CAD systems that cover more than 90% of the design
tasks, but the mechanism for transferring information between these programs has not
yet been worked out. Despite the use of common data integration formats (such as IFC,
XML, DXF, DWG, PDF), CAD model elements are represented using various indicators
and characteristics. This leads to a partial loss of information on objects. Integration
of the model in an incomplete form and filling in the missing parameters manually takes
a lot of time and is not effective. To solve this problem, research was carried out, the
result of which was the generalization and structuring of the parameters of the elements

Well-informed network participants are a necessity for successful collaboration in business networks. The widespread knowledge of the many aspects of the network is an effective vehicle to promote trust within the network, successfully resolve conflicts, and build a prospering collaboration climate. Despite their natural interest in being well informed about all the different aspects of the network, limited resources, e.g. time restrictions of the participants, often prevents reaching an appropriate level of shared information. It is possible to overcome this problem through the use of an active information provisioning service that allows users to adapt the provisioning of information to their specific needs. This paper presents an extensible information modeling framework and also additional complementary concepts that are designed to enable such an active provisioning service. Furthermore, a high-level architecture for a system that offers the targeted information provisioning se...

Building Information Modelling (BIM) is a key enabler to support integration of building data within the buildings life cycle and is an important aspect to support a wide range of use cases, related to building navigation, control, sustainability, etc. Open BIM faces several challenges related to standardization, data interde-pendency, data access, and security. In addition to these technical challenges, there remains the barrier among BIM developers who wish to protect their intellectual property, as full 3D BIM development requires expertise and effort. This means that there is often limited availability of BIM models. In Ireland, the Ordnance Survey Ireland (OSi) has a substantial dataset which includes not only GIS data (polygon footprint, geodetic coordinate), but also additional building specific data (form and function). In this paper we demonstrate the use of an applied and tested methodology for uplifting GIS data (relational data) into RDF (GeoSPARQL and OSi ontology) and demonstrate how this data is used for interlinking to other building data with an initial, simple exploratory example, taken from DBpedia. By interlink-ing building data and making it available, new insights about buildings in Ireland can be made, currently not possible due to lack of availability of data. This is an important step towards the iterative integration of ever more complex BIM models into the wider web of data to support the aforementioned use cases.

There is not only a lack of research that conceptualises the information needs of informal carers but also a shortage in research that addresses those needs from the perspective of information systems in the health care system. This shortage of systematic and conceptualised research on information needs of informal carers often prohibits the information providers and developers from knowing what