Inventor

During the glasnost period when many forgotten biographies were rediscovered and rewritten, one of the most bizarre finds was the Soviet-American inventor and pioneer of electr(on)ic music, Lev Sergeevich Termen (aka Léon Theremin, 1896-1993). Termen, “the secret link between sci-fi films, the Beach Boys, and Carnegie Hall,” whose “electronic musical instrument took the world by storm in the 1920s and '30s” — several decades before the rise of electronic popular music — had been forgotten for 50 years in the East and West.

The activity carried out by Luigi Garzi as an inventor for prints made in collaboration with Italian and French engravers is a topic that, with the exception of very rare references, has not yet been examined by critics. To partially fill this gap, ten different prints, kept at the Central Institute for Graphics in Rome, are presented here – six of them reproduced here for the first time. They bear witness to the constant collaboration that the painter undertakes, from the beginning to the late maturity, with well-known engravers such as Albert Clowet, Pietro Santi Bartoli and Arnold van Westerhout. Five of these prints, engraved with Garzi's invention, are published together with four different volumes of the time, three of which have so far been ignored by critics. One of these also contains a letter dedicated to Luigi Garzi "famous painter", here transcribed in the appendix, which testifies to the high esteem of contemporaries for the artist and provides an ante quem date for his cited works. Furthermore, this graphic corpus shows that the fame of Garzi and his paintings is also attested by the circulation of d’aprés engravings, such as those carved by Francesco Faraone Aquila, by van Westerhout himself, by the Count of Caylus and Nicolas Le Sueur.

The purpose of this paper is to understand to what extent open innovation (OI) is utilized in R&D departments by using patents as a main source. The paper adopts the “designation of the inventor” as a new method for detecting open or closed innovation, a method which examines the type of relationship that exists between the inventor(s) and the patent applicant(s). Since the openness or closedness of an invention is mainly measured by analyzing a firm’s co-applicants, the patent’s designation of the inventor indicates whether or not inventors are employees of the applicant. The paper offers new empirical evidence about whether a patent is open or not without surveying inventors and it complements previous studies that failed to describe whether a patent is based on open or closed innovation. After studying a collection of 231 patents in the wind energy sector obtained from the European Patent database, descriptive statistics show that OI Patents (OIPs) where the inventor is under agreement represent approximately 90% of the total number of OIPs, which in turn account for more than 23% of the total number of closed and open types of patent. Additionally, the designation of inventor method is also able to identify closed innovation-based patents. The results also show that a minority of companies utilize a hybrid type of OI, in which the inventors are composed of a mix of external individuals and employees. The results suggest that the method proposed yields a better understanding of how OI as well as other innovation strategies are utilized by firms in a particular industry or technological field.

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Artkuł opisuje dokonania Jana Szczepanika, galicyjskiego wynalazcy, którego porównywano do Edisona (Mark Twain), a którego dziełem były między innymi sterowane fotoelektrycznie maszyny tkackie, model telektroskopu (kolorowego telewizora z 1896 roku), kamery do rejestrowania barwnych filmów, a także kamizelka kuloodporna, która przyniosła mu odznaczenie hiszpańskie i godność hiszpańskiego szlachcica.

Felieton jest pierwszym z serii dwóch tekstów poświęconych wynalazkowi telewizji. W tym pierwszym artykule jest mowa o odkryciu zjawiska fotoelektrycznego przez Hertza, o budowie fotokomórki przez Stoletowa, o koncepcjach Szczepaniak, o tarczach Nipkowa i o pracach Zworykina. Dużo tych nazwisk, ale do stworzenia telewizji trzeba było wielu koncepcji, które dopiero razem wzięte pozwoliły stworzyć to narzędzie komunikacji, jakim  jest telewizja.

Debreczeni Márton (1802–1851), mine engineer and inventor, was the rejuvenator and the road-opener of Hungarian mining and metallurgy science in the 19th century Transylvania, leading personality of his contemporary Transylvanian intelligentsia. His activity encompassed the reformation on scientific principles of Transylvanian mining, the reorganization of its financial administration, doubled by a rich literary activity. Through his technical creations, Debreczeni Márton revived and reformed on modern principles the Transylvanian mining and metallurgy. He envisaged the importance of scientific progress, and, through experiments and calculus, found technical solutions to make the mining and metallurgical industry of Transylvania more economical. His abilities – the extension of the knowledge he accumulated in various positions, the leadership role he undertook due to his management abilities – had a determinant effect on the development of the technical field in the 19th century. His innovations were also been implemented in other countries, ensuring his international acclaim. Nevertheless, even with all these accomplishments, Debreczeni Márton was to die in the same dire misery he was born. The present volume illustrates the technical legacy this illustrious personality left behind: his inventions, his written contributions and technical dictionaries. The first chapter shows the life of Debreczeni Márton and his studies at Mănăstireni, Cluj and at the Mineralogy Academy in Selmecbánya (Banská Štiavnica). He started his mining apprenticeship in 1825. After a short time, he becomes a Smelting Deputy Foreman at Rodna mine, there after working in almost every mining basin in Transylvania. Meanwhile he marries Láhner Teréz, whose family he met at Selmecbánya. They had a harmonious relationship, raising their eight children. He later worked at Certej, Hunedoara County as Forge Deputy Inspector, then, starting with 1829, they move to Zlatna where he becomes Forge Chief Inspector, Mine Judge and, at age 36, director of all the mines and forges in Zlatna. The last part of the chapter contains a series of testimonials his contemporaries wrote about him, after his death, that were sent afterwards to Mikó Imre. The second chapter presents his engineering accomplishments, his technical innovations and inventions, together with his miscellaneous technical notes. The chapter also features the structure, function and use of the “spiral blower”. In addition, Debreczeni attempted to find a solution to re-use the slag material resulted from the mining/smelting processing. The third chapter attempts to reassemble a broader image on the building of the Hungarian technical language, showing the part Debreczeni played in its inception. The start and the evolution of the Hungarian technical language were influenced by 3 factors: 1. The introduction of technical specialized education and foundation of technical-specific institutions; 2. the founding and dissemination of technical-focused scientific publications in Hungarian; 3. Editing and publication of technical dictionaries. Debreczeni’s name and contributions appear in all these three areas of technical sciences’ development. The chapter presents his contribution in the struggle for starting the professional training for mining and metallurgy in Hungarian, together with his scientific papers and dictionaries, all of which have unfortunately remained in a manuscript form. The fourth chapter defines position and contribution of Debreczeni Márton’s technical legacy in the digital database Erdélyi Digitális Adattár maintained by Transylvanian Museum Society. The book’s Annex contains the description and illustration of Debreczeni Márton technical patrimony.
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A kalotaszegi Magyargyerőmonostoron nevezetes fazekascsalád sarjaként 1802-ben született Debreczeni Márton a reformkori Erdély ipartörténetének kimagasló személyisége: mérnök, feltaláló, iparszervező, szakíró és szótárszerkesztő, aki szerteágazó tevékenységével az erdélyi bányászat korszerűsítése és a fémkohászat fejlesztése terén egyaránt maradandót alkotott, de kora divatjának engedve gazdag irodalmi örökséget is hagyott maga után. Érdekes, hogy míg szépirodalmi tevékenysége viszonylag ismertebb, műszaki hagyatékának teljes körű feldolgozásával adós maradt az utókor. Ebből az adósságból kíván valamennyit törleszteni könyvünk Debreczeni életpályájának fölvázolásával és a kéziratos hagyaték ismertetésével, a tragikusan rövidre szabott életútba ágyazott életmű bemutatásával. A kéziratos dokumentumok feldolgozása során elsődlegesen a műszaki újításokra terjedt ki a szerző figyelme, ennek a jegyében bontja ki Debreczeni Márton műszaki-tudományos tevékenységét, amelynek eredményei (mindenekelőtt az akkori vaskohászatba bevezetett legkorszerűbb levegőfúvója, a Debreczeni-csigafúvó) nemcsak itthon, hanem külföldön is elismerést szereztek számára. Egyszersmind megannyi szakközlemény szerzőjeként, fontos bányászati szakszótárak szerkesztőjeként úttörő szerepet játszott a magyar műszaki nyelv megteremtésében és további fejlődésében. A könyv háttértörténetéhez tartozik az Erdélyi Múzeum-Egyesület kezdeményezésére indított nagyszabású program, melynek keretében Debreczeni életművének fellelhető dokumentumait digitalizálták és folyamatosan közreadták. E munka folyományaként született meg sorozatunknak ez a legújabb kötete is.

İlk fabrikasyon laboratuvarının MIT'de açılmasından on yıl sonra yüzden fazla FabLab tüm dünyada varlık göstermeye başlamıştır. Bugün FabLab aktivitelerinin on yıllık geçmişine bakmanın zamanı gelmiştir. Dijital kültür çağında olmamız ve bireyselleşmenin artmasıyla değişen toplumda FabLab'ler birlikte öğrenmek, birlikte çalışmak ve ileri tekno-lojiyi kullanmak açısından önemli mekânlar haline gelmiştir. Hem küresel bir hareketin hem de Maker Hareketi'nin bir parçası ola-rak FabLab'ler yaşadığımız dünyayı ve geleceği anlamakta kilit bir rol oynamaktadır. Bu çalışmada Almanya, Hindistan ve Amerika gibi farklı yerlerden fabber'lar, bilim insanları ve tasarımcılar FabLab'lerle ilgili ilginç teo-rik sorunları tartışmakta ve pratik yaklaşımlar sunmaktadır. Bu kitap aynı zamanda 3D yazıcılar ve lazer kesiciler gibi küçük üre-tim araçlarının öğrenme, üretim, tasarım, Maker kültürü, kanun ve bi-lim gibi alanları dünya çapında nasıl dönüştürdüğünü de gözler önüne sermektedir.

The rationale of this chapter is to contribute to an understanding of the cognitive side of inventors' perseverance. The core argument of this chapter is that in order to study inventor cognition in any domain, we have to switch from the level of content-specific processes and heuristics to a metacognitive and long-term perspective. The evidence in the literature and our own studies shows that inventor cognition is focused. From a short-term perspective, focused cognition refers to a form of metacognitive control of cognitive information processing, focused on an idea or envisioned invention. From a long-term perspective, focused cognition refers to extraordinary perseverance: inventors stick to ideas that "normal" people faced with the amount of problems involved, usually would abandon. The long-term cognitive facet of this perseverance — besides the motivational and developmental implications for self-control, goal setting etc. — can be described as a "possibility filter" (Weber, 2006) that defines trajectories of learning and technological problem solving.

Conforme avanza el tiempo, resulta cada vez más difícil evocar la figura de alguien cuyo estilo de vida inspiró el quehacer de estudiantes de varias generaciones. Es por eso que, a través de este libro, se quiere dar un testimonio fidedigno de las circunstancias y las hazañas del Ing. Salvador Herrera Tejeda quien sigue influyendo en nuestro quehacer cotidiano por sus aportes culturales, científicos y pedagógicos. El Teacher Herrera nació en el año 1886, en la ciudad de Querétaro. Cursó estudios en el Seminario Conciliar y en el Liceo. Posteriormente ingresó a la Universidad de Harvard, en Boston Massachusetts, donde estudió para Ingeniero Mecánico-Electricista. Llegó a ser oficial de la marina de los Estados Unidos de América. Manejó diversos lenguajes. Dejó producción artística como pintor, escultor y museógrafo. Debido a su preparación y espíritu creativo llegó a ser inventor. Uno de sus inventos fue el limpia-parabrisas. La mitad de su vida fue profesor, por lo cual se le recuerda con cariño y es fuente de inspiración para las nuevas generaciones.

Interactive simulations, virtual environments and 3D interfaces significantly contribute to the process of learning through collaboration and interaction with distant participants, and through simulation of real environments and real life situations. Depending on the needs and case studies, different technologies, software packages and their combinations are used. In this paper, we present a comparative study based on the use of different CAD software in conjunction with Web3D technologies for teaching students at the Department of Engineering Management. With respect to the specificity of the profile of students undergoing training, the selection of CAD packages is reduced to the five most commonly used in this field: SolidWorks, Inventor, CATIA, Pro/ENGINEER and AutoCAD. During research, we found that Inventor and AutoCAD do not export VRML/X3D file types;

Research productivity measured using patent-based indexes is a useful measure of the effectiveness of scientists’ efforts to produce useful knowledge. In this paper, a theoretical framework and a method based on patent analysis are proposed to understand determinants of research productivity. The framework assumes that research productivity is dependent on the knowledge search behaviour pursued by scientists. Three dimensions of search are taken in account: search type, search focus and search dynamics.
Using data relative to 873 biotechnology patents granted from 1960 to 2007 to 255 academic scholars that are affiliated to 36 Italian universities, this paper investigates if university research productivity is positively affected by particular knowledge search behaviours pursued by its academic staff. Indexes to qualify knowledge search are built and measured. Two different profiles of knowledge search behaviours were clearly identified, one associated to high research productivity and the other to low research productivity.

Interactive simulations, virtual environments and 3D interfaces significantly contribute to the process of learning through collaboration and interaction with distant participants, and through simulation of real environments and real life situations. Depending on the needs and case studies, different technologies, software packages and their combinations are used. In this paper, we present a comparative study based on the use of different CAD software in conjunction with Web3D technologies for teaching students at the Department of Engineering Management. With respect to the specificity of the profile of students undergoing training, the selection of CAD packages is reduced to the five most commonly used in this field: SolidWorks, Inventor, CATIA, Pro/ENGINEER and AutoCAD. During research, we found that Inventor and AutoCAD do not export VRML/X3D file types;

How does invention depend on personality? Do inventors differ from non-inventors? The present study investigated the personal factors influencing a sample of independent inventors in Germany (N = 69). Standardized psychological questionnaires were employed to assess the Big Five personality dimensions, willingness to take risks, self-concept and self-efficacy. For a comparison with non-inventors, scores from reference samples were taken. Hypotheses were formulated based on research into creativity and entrepreneurship and the normative “DABEI Stage Model” of invention. As expected, the independent inventors showed higher levels of extraversion and openness to experience. In addition, independent inventors stood out in terms of emotional stability (low neuroticism scores). Surprisingly, in the present sample success as an inventor correlated negatively with openness to experience. The interpretation is along the lines that inventors may work in a focused manner and technical implementation of an innovative idea may be optimized with great persistence. Discussion centers around the generalizability of the results.

In this chapter we argue that knowledge integration is not just an organizational and team level practice but concerns the everyday activities of inventive engineers and researchers involved in development activities. Previous research has shown how individuals are important as inventors also in large R&D organizations. This chapter investigates inventive individuals in non-managerial positions: engineers, product developers, and researchers and show how they contribute to innovation and knowledge integration in these firms. The focus is on inventors who generate ideas and span new knowledge fields to complement deep knowledge in their own domains and to turn ideas into new solutions i. e. innovations.  The chapter illustrates the practices of innovative individuals, such as spanning knowledge across different fields; pursuing individual exploration as well as collaborative search; and participating in formal projects but simultaneously using them as permeable entities to further their own innovative ideas. In this way the chapter contributes to an understanding of the micro-level of knowledge integration activities.

Phần mềm Autodesk Inventor được tích hợp CAD và các công cụ thiết kế 3D cơ khí, tạo hình sản phẩm nhằm nâng cao năng suất làm việc của thiết kế CAD và giảm tối đa việc phát sinh lỗi, tiết kiệm thời gian cà công sức. Chính vì những ưu điểm dành cho ngành cơ khí và nhu cầu học để sử dụng phần mềm Inventor trong công việc ngày càng nhiều, nên Trung tâm đào tạo Bình Dương-Lâm Minh Long thành lập các khóa học Inventor cơ bảnnâng cao để giúp học viên thiết kế 3D cơ khí trên Inventor chuẩn, nhanh và chính xác, tiết kiệm thời gian trong khâu thiết kế.

According to Schumpeter, the creative process of economic development can be divided into three distinguishable stages of invention, innovation (commercialization) and imitation. We show why there is a rationale for the Schumpeterian entrepreneur to also include the inventor in the innovation process. In addition, we provide a framework where the theories of Knight’s risk defining entrepreneur and Schumpeter’s innovative entrepreneur can be bridged. Merging the two enhances the possibilities of successful commercialization since the inventor may further adapt the innovation to customer needs, transmit information and reduce uncertainty. This serves to expand the market opportunities for the entrepreneur. The empirical analysis is based on a survey covering Swedish patents granted to individuals and small firms, with a response rate of 80 %. The results show improved commercialization performance when the patent is licensed or sold to an entrepreneur, or if the inventor is employed i...