Marital Conflict

Exposure to interparental conflict is a risk factor for psychological problems in emerging adulthood. The present study explored the links among interparental conflict, cognitive appraisals, and psychological distress in emerging adulthood. Three hundred thirteen emerging adults (228 females, 72.8%; 85 males, 27.2%) between the ages of 18 to 27 (M = 19.86, SD = 1.54) participated in the research. Participants completed measures of Perception of Interparental Conflict Scale (CPIC), Threat and Self-blame scales of the CPIC, and Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). Findings showed that interparental conflict directly affected the appraisals of threat and self-blame in emerging adulthood. Results from multiple mediation analyses indicated that appraisals of threat and self-blame fully mediate the relationship between interparental conflict and psychological distress. That is, interparental conflict was linked to increased appraisals of threat and self-blame, which in turn was related to greater psychological distress. Results suggest that exposure to interparental conflict is still a potential risk factor beyond childhood and adolescence period.

Twenty-nine married couples engaged in two videotaped discussions: one in which the husband requested a change in the wife and one in which the wife requested a change in the husband. Conflict behavior was assessed by self-report and observer ratings. Neither conflict structure (who requested the change) nor gender was associated with the positivity or negativity of spouses' behavior. During discussions of husbands' issues, wives and husbands did not differ in demand/withdraw behavior, whereas when discussing wives' issues, wives were more demanding and husbands were more withdrawing. Husband-demand/wife-withdraw interaction predicted an increase in wives' satisfaction 1 year later, whereas wife-demand/husband-withdraw interaction predicted a decline in wives' satisfaction 1 year later. These results replicate and extend those of our earlier study (Christensen & Heavey, 1990).

The purpose of the study was to establish the relationship between regulated conflict resolution styles and marital stability in Kiambu County, Kenya. Specifically, the study sought to: establish the types of marital conflicts among married individuals in Kiambu County; determine the various marital conflict resolution styles used by married individuals in the County, and; es tablis h the relations hip between marital conflict res olution styles and marital stability. Descriptive-correlation research design was used. Data was collected from 96 married individuals aged 18 years and above by aid of a structured questionnaire. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS. The statistical techniques applied included independent samples T-test, Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U test. The results showed that most types of conflicts were solvable. Descriptive statistics indicated that regulated marital conflict resolution styles were used by majority of the respondents, with validating styles being the most applied (M=2.87, SD=0.745). This was followed by volatile styles (M=2.79, SD=0.827) and avoidant styles (M=2.79, SD=0.739). The difference between individuals in stable marriages and those in unstable marriages was not statistically significant in terms of their use of regulated marital conflict resolution styles. It was concluded that regulated conflict resolution styles were a necessary but not sufficient conditions for marital stability. It was recommended that premarital counselors should highlight to the would be couples that some conflicts are perpetual and therefore require coping with, rather than resolving.

For many years, family scientists and marital psychologists accepted the belief that marital conflict is essentially detrimental to marriages and so should be avoided or resolved quickly. Now researchers acknowledge the inevitability of conflict in marriage, and it is more common for them to think about marital conflict contextually; in other words, marital conflict is desirable when it promotes positive affect, but undesirable when it elicits negative affect. Despite this reasonable shift in understanding, we argue that the new conceptualization of marital conflict is also problematic, particularly as it occasionally endorses individualism and does not value conflict in a meaningful way. The purpose of this article is to present an alternative perspective on marital conflict that values conflict as necessary for couples to experience the fullness of their marriages and their spouses and that seeks to avoid the individualism that surrounds the
current, popular conception. Drawing on the work of Scottish philosopher John Macmurray, we argue that positive motives in conflict are important in distinguishing between the relational benefits and relational threats of positive affect. We also explore some implications of this relational reconceptualization of marital conflict, including its effects on practice and research.

Bu araştırmanın amacı, çocukların ebeveynler arası çatışmalara ilişkin algılarının incelenmesidir. Nitel araştırma yönteminin kullanıldığı bu çalışmada, veriler yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme tekniği kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Görüşme yapılacak çocukların belirlenmesinde amaçlı örnekleme yöntemlerinden maksimum çeşitlilik örnekleme tekniği kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada, toplam 40 katılımcı (n = 23 kız, % 57,5; n = 17 erkek, % 42,5) yer almış ve katılımcıların yaşları 11 ile 14 (X = 12.80, ss = .16) arasında değişmiştir. Çalışmada toplanan nitel veriler içerik analizi tekniğiyle analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma bulguları, ailede eşler arası çatışmaların evlilik yaşamının doğal ve kaçınılmaz bir parçası olduğunu; ebeveynlerin daha çok çocukla bağlantılı konularda ve aile bütçesinin yönetimi üzerine anlaşmazlık yaşadıklarını; eşler arası çatışmaların çözümünde kullanılan strateji ve taktiklerin çocukların duygusal, bilişsel ve davranışsal tepkilerini etkilediğini; eşler arası çatışmaların ebeveyn-çocuk ilişkilerini olumsuz yönde etkilediğini ve ebeveynlerin eşleriyle yaşadıkları gerginlikleri çocuklarıyla olan ilişkilerine yansıttıklarını göstermiştir. Türk kültüründe 11-14 yaş çocukların ebeveynler arası çatışmalara ilişkin deneyimlerinin ortaya çıkarılmasında katkılar sağlayan bu çalışmanın uygulamaya dönük etkileri tartışılmış ve gelecek araştırmalara yönelik önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

The present study examined the effect of a 10-session couple communication program
developed by the researcher on passive conflict tendencies among married couples.
The research was carried out with 28 married couples, 14 participants in the
control group, and 14 participants in the experimental group. The design of the research
was an experimental, pre-test post-test and a follow-up model. Married couples’
tendency of passive conflict was measured by the Tendency of Passive Conflict
Subscale of the Conflict Tendency Scale (Dökmen, 1986). Mann Whitney U Test,
Wilcoxon Matched – Pairs Signed Ranks Test and One-Way Anova for Repeated
Measures were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the tendency of
passive conflict among married couples who attended the program were lower than
those who did not attend the program (p < .001). It was found that there is no significant
difference between the pre-test and post-test scores in the control group. Follow-
up administrations were conducted three and six months after the program had
finished. There was a significant difference between post-test passive conflict subscale
scores and the first follow up test scores in favor of the first follow up. It was found
out that there was not a significant difference between the second follow up test
scores, conducted after six months, and the first follow up test scores. It can be argued
that the couple communication program has positive and permanent effects in
lowering the tendency of passive conflict among married couples.

Problem Statement: Marital adjustment is effected from multiple factors. Finding the factors that effect marital adjustment may be helpful to understand the problems which should be worked through the marital counseling. Findings and Results: According to the scores of MAS, the group was divided into two subgroups as having good marital adjustment and poor marital adjustment. The good marital adjustment group was found to have significantly higher MPSS, ETS and CSES scores (p< 0.000). They had more children (p=0.006) and better relations with the participant's and his/her partner's family of origin (p< 0.000). Multiple regression analysis was performed to determine the factors that predict MAS score. MPSS

Özet Aile içi etkileşimler ve çocuğun duygusal-davranışsal gelişimi bir ilişki zincirinden çok, birbirini etkileyen bir ilişki sarmalıdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı bugüne kadar ikili ilişkiler olarak ele alınan söz konusu değişkenleri daha geniş bir yelpazede ele alarak ulusal yazın için yeni sayılabilecek duygu sosyalleştirme olgusunun çocuklarda gözlenen davra-nış sorunlarına katkısını incelemektir. Bu bağlamda, anne eğitim düzeyi ve anne-baba çatışmasında kendini suçlama algısı ile çocukların davranış sorunları arasındaki ilişkilerde annelerin olumsuz duygu sosyalleştirme tepkilerinin aracı rolünün test edilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Yaşları 9 ile 13 arasında değişen 267 çocuk ve bu çocukların anne ve öğretmenlerinin katılımı ile gerçekleşen çalışmada veriler, demografik bilgi formu, Çocuğun Evlilik Çatışması Algısı Ölçeği (ÇEÇAÖ), Çocuğun Olumsuz Duygularıyla Başa Çıkma Ölçeği (ÇODBÇÖ), Conners Ebeveyn De-recelendirme Ölçeği Kısa Form (CEDÖ-27) ve Conners Öğretmen Derecelendirme Ölçeği Kısa Form (CÖDÖ-28) kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Analiz sonuçları, annelerin olumsuz duygu sosyalleştirme tepkilerinin, çocuğun davranış sorunları ile anne eğitim düzeyi arasındaki ilişkide tam; çocuğun davranış sorunları ile anne-baba çatışmasında kendini suçlama algısı arasındaki ilişkide ise kısmi aracı rolüne işaret etmektedir. Sonuçlar bağlamında anne eğitim düzeyinin, bu çalışmada duygu sosyalleştirme yaklaşımlarıyla temsil edilen anne-çocuk ilişkisini etkileyerek, ço-cukta davranış sorunları oluşumuna katkıda bulunduğu, öte yandan anne-baba arasında yaşanan yoğun çatışmalardan kendini sorumlu tutan çocuğun, annelerin olumsuz duygu sosyalleştirme tepkileri aracılığı ile davranış sorunları geliştirdiği söylenebilir. Anahtar kelimeler: Çocuklarda davranış sorunları, duygu sosyalleştirme, anne-baba çatışması, kendini suçlama algısı Abstract Intra-familial interactions and child's emotional and behavioral development is a relationship helix that affects each other, rather than a relationship chain. The aim of this study is to assess the contribution of the concept of emotion socialization , which ranks as new for the national literature, to children's observed behavior problems by approaching variables addressed mostly as dual associations before. In this context, it is aimed to test mediating role of negative maternal emotion socialization on the relationships between children's behavior problems, and mothers' education status and self-blame appraisals about parental conflict. Data was collected from 267 children whose ages were between 9-13, as well as their mothers and teachers by using Demographic Form, Children' s Perception of Marital Conflict (CPIC), Coping with Children's Negative Emotions Scale, Conners' Parent Rating Scale-Short Form and Conners' Teacher Raiting Scale-Short Form. Results suggest that while the relationship between children's behavior problems and self-blame appraisals about parental conflict is partially mediated by maternal negative emotion socialization , the relationship between children's behavior problems and mothers' education status is fully mediated by maternal negative emotion socialization. In the context of these results, it can be said that mothers' education status contributes to the development of children's behavior problems by affecting mother-child interactions represented as emotion socialization approaches in this study. In addition to this, the child who blames him/herself about intense parental conflict evolves behavior problems through mother's negative emotion socialization.

Marital Rape is an offence where the spouse is the victim of sexual conduct without consent and free will. It is recognized in various western and european countries as a crime and penal offence. India refuses to acknowledge Marital Rape as a Crime after the recommendation of the United Nations Development Programme. Critics have often slammed this concept as a part of Western Civilization and doesn’t adjust with the Indian Civilizations as both are culturally opposite. The Indian Penal Code,1860 has a prominent provisio i.e., section 498A which doesn’t recognise marital offence explicitly because it states about infliction of cruelty and Indian Social Concept of Marriage has considered sexual conduct an act for procreation of child which is not an infliction of cruelty because it doesn’t cause grave injury. There is another provision of rape that considers forced sexual conduct as rape of an wife under the age of 15. There is no Penal Provision in IPC which recognizes Marital Rape as an Criminal Offence. The Indian Domestic Violence Act lets women take legal recourse for Marital Rape Victims.The UN statistics have found that women from the age of 15-49 are mostly the victims of Marital Rape. In India, Marriage is considered an sacrament in Hinduism and the relations of a spouse is of one person because after solemnization and cohabitation of the spouse they are considered one person in the purview of law. The commencement of the Marriage is considered as the spouse giving free will to Marital responsibility including sexual conduct as per Religious Texts and Holy Books.

Articolul prezintă un studiu realizat în urma analizei calitative a trei cazuri de mediere a divorțului. În urma cercetării s-a evidențiat utilitatea instrumentelor psihanalitice ale transferului și contratransferului, ca bază a luării deciziei de intervenție de către mediator, dar și utilitatea deosebită pentru acesta a conceptelor de bază ale teoriei relațiilor de obiect, pentru o mai bună înțelegere a dinamicii relațiilor în ședința de mediere. Cercetarea a pornit de la ipoteza că în ședința de mediere mediatorul îndeplinește frecvent rolul de a prelua și disipa transferurile negative din relația conflictuală dintre partenerii de cuplu, astfel încât cei doi să poată forma la nivel inconștient alianțe care facilitează atingerea unui acord între ei cu privire la temele disputate.

"The quite increasing number of marital separation and the issue of poor well-being of individuals involved was the main reason of doing this paper. The focus is to know the relation between marital commitment (MC) and subjective well-being (SWB) of husbands and wives in Gapan City, Nueva Ecija. It will investigate the relationship of the husbands and wives’ socio-demographic characteristics and their SWB, MC and perceived marital commitment (PMC).  It was also intended to know  the differences of husbands and wives in terms of MC, PMC and four components of SWB.
By means of quantitative method of research, the study found that husbands and wives have high level of SWB (which is exemplified by high levels of positive affect, marital satisfaction, family satisfaction and life satisfaction and low level of negative affect), high level of MC as well as PMC. Marital commitment, perceived marital commitment and some components of SWB were also found to be significant correlates of the respondents' age, monthly income, length of marriage and highest educational attainment. Also, MC and PMC were also found to have a significant relationship with all components of SWB. Moreover, gender differences on the level of SWB, MC and PMC were not found significant.
Overall, the study suggests that to be able to have a satisfying relationship, couples should exert effort on their relationship and preserve the bond between them that will lead to good well-being.
"

Conflict in marriage like any other institution is inevitable. Conflicts between married couple are normal and not necessarily disruptive. However, conflict becomes disruptive based on the way and manner it is handled. Marital harmony is crucial to every society. Inability to resolve marital conflict appropriately can lead to devastating consequences not only to the family and the society but also to a nation as a whole. This paper discussed conflict, conflict resolution and models of approaching conflict resolution. It also discussed marriage, marital conflict and their causes. Lastly, the paper examined Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT) and how it can be used as a collaborative style in marital conflict resolution.

The Council of Trent established the requirements that a marriage be celebrated by the parish priest and two or more witnesses be present at the marriage (1563), but neglected to specify who the parish priest was. The decrees provoked confusion among both laymen and churchmen. Traces thereof can be found in the hitherto essentially unexplored documentation of The Congregation of the Council. This institution was founded in 1564 specifically to resolve the questions that arose all over the catholic world by the application of the decrees promulgated at Trent. The related records are held in the Vatican Secret Archive. Through an examination of this documentation, complemented by files of the Holy Office the author analyzes how the new rules were understood, experienced, used, circumvented, and manipulated both by laymen and churchmen in order to end an unwanted marriage, to facilitate a union that was socially transgressive, opposed by family, or even heterodox, and to respond to pastoral concerns.

The so-called marital rape, the act of sexual intercourse with one's spouse, which in popular parlance is without wife's consent, has to be contextualized with conjugal rights, 'especially to sexual relations, regarded as exercisable in law by each partner in a marriage'.

Background: Marital conflicts partly happen due to the psychological disorders of couples,
issues related to children, and the long periods of depression, all of which may lead to the failure
of relationship and divorce. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of schema
therapy and emotional self-regulation therapy in the components of marital conflict in women
referred to the psychological centers of Ahvaz City.
Methods: It was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design and a control
group. The research population consisted of all women with marital conflicts referring to the
psychological centers of Ahvaz, in 2019. Using convenience sampling, 45 women who were
willing to participate in the project were recruited and randomly assigned into two experimental
groups (schema therapy and emotional self-regulation therapy) and a control group (n=15 per
group). Data were collected with the Marital Conflict Questionnaire. Besides, the first and
second intervention programs consisted of eight 90-minute sessions of schema therapy and eight
90-minute sessions of emotional self-regulation therapy, respectively. The obtained data were
analyzed using the multivariate analysis of covariance in SPSS V. 24.
Results: Schema therapy and emotional self-regulation therapy effectively improved the
components of marital conflict in women (P<0.01). Also, the effects of the two interventions on
the components of marital conflict did not significantly differ (P>0.05).
Conclusion: According to the findings, schema therapy and emotional self-regulation therapy
are suggested to be employed by psychologists and psychiatric nurses to improve the components
of women’s marital conflict.

My Master's thesis examined the lived and legal experience of marital 'cruelty' in the seventeenth century, through a case study of suits for separation a mensa et thoro filed in the consistory court of York. It argues that the murky and understudied  concept of 'cruelty' encompassed physical and verbal violence as well as financial neglect, but that ultimately, spousal conflict leading to legal accusations was grounded in disagreements regarding material interests and the socio-economic management of the household.

Abstrak Kualiti perkahwinan boleh diukur melalui pelbagai aspek termasuklah aspek kepuasan perkahwinan, komunikasi, penyelesaian masalah, penyesuaian hidup, dan konflik. Kajian-kajian lepas mengaitkan perkahwinan dengan status kesihatan, kesejahteraan psikologi, kegembiraan, dan kepuasan hidup. Perkahwinan juga memberi pengaruh yang besar kepada kerjaya, kewangan, kesihatan dan kejayaan hidup. Kertas konsep ini akan mengupas indikator-indikator kualiti perkahwinan yang utama berdasarkan kajian-kajian yang lepas. Indikator yang dipilih ialah pegangan agama, status ekonomi, pemilihan pasangan, gaya komunikasi dan personaliti.Dapatan-dapatan kajian lepas menunjukkan hasil yang konsisten mengenai indikator ini, iaitu berkait secara signifikan dengan kualiti perkahwinan. Kajian-kajian akan datang perlu mengkaji indikator yang lain juga bagi meramal kualiti perkahwinan seperti gaya pengurusan konflik, strategi penyelesaian masalah dan kaedah membuat keputusan dalam perkahwinan. Kata kunci: kualiti perkahwinan, pegangan agama, status ekonomi, pemilihan pasangan, gaya komunikasi Abstract Marital quality can be measured through various aspects including marital satisfaction, communication, problem solving, life adjustment, and conflict. Previous studies associated marriage with health status, psychological well-being, happiness and life satisfaction. Marriage could significantly influence career, financial status, health and life success. This concept paper will discuss on selected indicators of marital quality based on the previous studies. The selected indicators are religious beliefs, economic status, spouse selection, communication style and personality. Findings showed that these indicators are significantly associated to the marital quality. Further studies should examine other indicators to predict marital quality such

Divorce or continue marriage for child?: An important question about psychological adjustment of childThis study focused on finding answers about an important question that parents are recently asking psychological professionals. This question has become more relevant in the last couple of decades as there are increasing divorce rates in Turkey and the rest of the world. Because of this reason, parents are asking the important question: is it better for our child to divorce or continue our marriage? Researchers come up with very different results to this question. They need to not only focus on the effects of divorce itself but also need to examine the quality of the relationship between the parents. In other words, conflict between parents is an important issue. There are different ideas about which is worse for the child: divorce or continue the marriage and have a high-conflict marriage. According to some researchers, the negative effects of divorce on children are not only related to divorce itself. The negative effects are also related with unpleasant memories of conflict between parents. There are results demonstrated that the ideal environment for children's psychological development is either low-conflict marriages or divorce. Parents need to remember this very important point that divorce is not the only thing that effects children's psychological adjustment by itself. The most important issue is high-conflict between parents that effects their children during their marriage. If high-conflict occurs during the divorce, or even worse, continues after the divorce, it can have a greater negative effects on children. So, the answer of the question to divorce or stay together is answered by the amount of parental conflict and the quality of the parent's relationship. As a result, the ideal environment for children's psychological development is living with both parents in the same household and having a low-conflict parents.
Boşanma mı yoksa çocuk için evliliği sürdürmek mi?: çocuğun psikolojik uyumu açından önemli bir soru
Özet
Bu çalışmada, son yıllarda psikolojik sağlık alanında çalışan uzmanların oldukça sık karşılaştığı sorulardan birine cevap aranmaya çalışılmaktadır. Son yıllarda sadece dünyada değil ülkemizde de boşanma oranında oldukça hızlı artış olması nedeniyle bu soru daha fazla önem kazanmaktadır. Bu nedenle, çocuğumuz için evliliğimizi sürdürmek mi yoksa boşanmak mı daha iyi olur sorusu, ebeveynler tarafindan sorulan önemli bir soru haline gelmiştir.
Araştırmacılar bu konuda birçok farklı sonuç bildirmektedirler. Sadece boşanmanın tek başına etkisi değil, aynı zamanda, ebeveynler arasındaki ilişkinin kalitesine de odaklanmaktadırlar. Diğer bir deyisle, ebeveynler arasındaki çatışma önemli bir meseledir.
Boşanmanın mı yoksa çatışmalı bir evliliği sürdürmeye çalışmanın mı daha olumsuz olduğu konusunda farklı görüşler vardır. Bazı araştırmacılara göre, boşanma tek başına çocuk üzerinde olumsuz bir etki yapmamaktadır. Olumsuz etkiye neden olan daha çok ebeveynler arasındaki çatışma ve olumsuz yaşantılardır. Aslında çocukların ruhsal gelişimi için en ideal olanın, ebeveynler arasında çatışmanın olmadığı evlilikler ya da çatışmasız boşanma olduğu gösteren araştırma sonuçları vardır.
Ebeveynlerin unutmaması gereken önemli nokta, boşanmanın tek başına çocuğun psikolojik uyumu üzerinde olumsuz bir etkisinin olmamasıdır. Asıl önemli olan, çocuğun ebeveynlerinin evliliği boyunca maruz kaldığı çatışmalı ortamdır. Ayrıca eğer, çatışma boşanma boyunca, hatta daha da kötüsü boşanma sonrasında da devam ederse bu durum çocuk için daha olumsuz olabilir. Bu durumda, çocuğumuz için evliliğimizi sürdürmek mi yoksa boşanmak mı daha iyi olur sorusunun cevabı, ebeveynler arasındaki çatışmanın miktarı ve ebeveyn ilişkisinin kalitesinde aranmalıdır.
Sonuç olarak, çocukların ruhsal gelişimi için en ideal ortam, ebeveynlerinin her ikisi ile aynı çatı altında yaşadığı ve ebeveynleri arasında az çatışmalı bir ilişkinin olduğu bir aile ortamıdır.

Intimate marital relationships are the most important predictor of life satisfaction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of couples' education based on the approach of treatment based on acceptance and commitment and Imago therapy on couple conflict management. The statistical population of this study was the total number of couples referring to Avae Soroush Counseling Center in Kermanshah in 1397, among which 45 couples who had the criteria to enter the research were selected as a sample and available by sampling method. Therefore, 45 couples (husband and wife) were selected and, as a random appointment, were replaced by three groups (15 couples) of Imago therapy, act, and control. In 8 120-minute sessions, one of the experimental groups was exposed to training based on an approach based on acceptance and commitment, and the other group was exposed to training based on Imago therapy. Conflict management was measured by Questionnaire the (MCQ). Descriptive data were analyzed using standard mean and standard deviation and inferential analysis using multivariate analysis of covariance (Manquova) was analyzed by SPSS. The findings showed that in a significant level of 5%, couples 'training based on ACT and Imago therapy approach is effective in managing couples' conflict. The results also showed that couples 'education was more effective based on ACT approach in terms of family relationships and relatives and couples' education based on Imago therapy approach was more effective in emotional dimensions.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of transactional analysis
group training in reducing control-oriented behaviors of spouse in marital discords.
Methods: This study employed an experimental design with pre-test and post-test and a
control group. The population consisted of women having marital disputes who were referred
to counseling centers of Shahre-kord in the first six months of 2013. Among the sample, 40
individuals were randomly selected and assigned to two (experimental and control) groups of
20 members each. The subjects of the experimental group received eight transactional analysis
training sessions, and control-oriented behavior scale of couple was used to collect data. The
data obtained were analyzed by covariance analysis.
Results: The results showed that there is a significant difference between experimental
and control groups in the post-test in terms of control-oriented behaviors of spouse and its
dimensions (P>0.05).
Discussion: According to our findings, the use of transactional analysis training is effective in
reducing marital discords and can be extended to other aspects of life that can help couples and
families prevent and reduce problems.

Research indicates that marital conflict pertains to three particular dimensions of communication including
affect, conflict behaviours and conflict management and these affect conflict choice of management strategies.
This paper explored the problems and coping strategies of children from homes with marital conflicts in Tanga
City, Tanzania. An exploratory technique with multiple research methods was used to facilitate the study. 100
social workers, couples, class teachers and/or school counselors informed the study. The study employed
purposive, stratified, simple random and snowball sampling techniques with survey questionnaires and interview
to recruit participants and data collection. Problems facing children living in homes with marital conflicts are
discussed. The result suggest that newlywed couples and those contemplating marriage should obtain marital
counselling in order to build strong family relations that can reduce family life tensions, attending family training
which developing marital problem-solving skills. The theoretical and practical implications of the problems
facing children living in homes with marital conflicts in Tanzania are discussed.

This series of books addresses marital separation and the impact of its quality on children in their present and future lives. The books are intended to help parents minimise the long-term trauma of marital separation on children and to help adolescents and children clarify ideas about separation and armour themselves against the negative effects that ensue.

The failure of cross-border marriages has often been attributed to the large age discrepancy between husband and wife, while disadvantage resulted from the selectivity of husbands from low socioeconomic backgrounds has received less attention. Analyzing couple-level household survey data (N = 871) in Hong Kong, this study compares marital conflict in local and cross-border couples by examining the mediating factors such as age discrepancy and socioeconomic disadvantages. Our analysis suggests that cross-border marriages are subject to significantly more frequent marital conflict than local marriages. It also showed that an age discrepancy from 6 to 9 years (older husband) significantly increased the frequency of marital conflict. However, our analysis showed that counter to common assumptions, socioeconomic disadvantages—particularly the couple’s financial stress—instead of nonnormative age hypergamy explained the higher frequency of marital conflict in cross-border marriages.

Exposure to interparental conflict is a risk factor for psychological problems in emerging adulthood. The present study explored the links among interparental conflict, cognitive appraisals, and psychological distress in emerging adulthood. Three hundred thirteen emerging adults (228 females, 72.8%; 85 males, 27.2%) between the ages of 18 to 27 (M = 19.86, SD = 1.54) participated in the research. Participants completed measures of Perception of Interparental Conflict Scale (CPIC), Threat and Self-blame scales of the CPIC, and Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). Findings showed that interparental conflict directly affected the appraisals of threat and self-blame in emerging adulthood. Results from multiple mediation analyses indicated that appraisals of threat and self-blame fully mediate the relationship between interparental conflict and psychological distress. That is, interparental conflict was linked to increased appraisals of threat and self-blame, which in turn was related to great...

... 4 Miriam Dixson, The Real Matilda: Woman and Identity in Australia, 1788 to 1975, Penguin, Melbourne, 1976, p. 105 ... For an extended study, see Christina Twomey, &#x27;Without Natural Protectors&#x27;: Histories of Deserted and Destitute Colonial Women in Victoria, 1850-65, PhD thesis ...

This study is an empirical investigation into one aspect of the pursuer-distancer pattern in intimate relationships.  It explores the question of why many male partners consistently avoid or withdraw from negotiating important issues in these relationships.  Results suggest a broad array of potential reasons why these “distancing” men behave as they do.  These reasons have to do with (a) their own personal characteristics, (b) their expectations for certain aversive behaviors by their partners in conflict situations, and (c) further and related expectations that, in their relationships, engaging in disagreements is more likely to prove destructive than constructive.

"The present study was conducted to identify certain psychosocial variables associated with marital discord. For this purpose, a group of 35 subjects with discordant marital relationships and another
comparable group of 35 subjects with normal marital relationships were selected. Various psychosocial variables like family adjustment, social adjustment, emotional adjustment, belief in God, locus of control, attitude towards family life, and moral value were measured using suitable tools. Analysis of the data revealed that the performance of the discordant group was significantly lower compared to the non discordant group on all the selected variables. Sex difference and interaction between sex and group
were not evident in the results."

Research indicates that marital conflict pertains t o three particular dimensions of communication incl uding affect, conflict behaviours and conflict management and these affect conflict choice of management str ategies. This paper explored the problems and coping strateg ies of children from homes with marital conflicts i n Tanga City, Tanzania. An exploratory technique with multi ple research methods was used to facilitate the stu dy. 100 social workers, couples, class teachers and/or scho ol counselors informed the study. The study employed purposive, stratified, simple random and snowball s ampling techniques with survey questionnaires and i nterview to recruit participants and data collection. Proble ms facing children living in homes with marital con flicts are discussed. The result suggest that newlywed couples and those contemplating marriage should obtain marital counselling in order to build strong family relatio ns that can reduce family life tensions, attending family t...

This study examined frequency of and proneness to marital conflict, and resolution strategies as predictors of psychophysical health. The sample consists of 127 participants aged 29-56 years. Psychophysical health was measured by the Family Health Status Inventory (FHSI; Norem, Malia and Garrison, 1992), which includes physical and emotional indicators of health. For conflict measures we used one-item scales of frequency of and proneness to conflict in marriage and the Conflict Resolution Style Inventory (CRSI; Kurdek, 1994). The factor analysis of CRSI revealed 3 conflict resolution styles: withdrawal, aggression and constructive problem solving. The results of the regression indicated the predictor variables explained 18.6% of the variance (R2=0.186, F(5, 116)= 6.534, p&lt;.001). Proneness to conflict (β=.371, p&lt;.001) and aggression as conflict resolution style (β=.254, p&lt;.05) were found as significant predictors of psychophysical health. In conclusion, marital partners who ...

Based on vivid court records and newspaper advertisements, this book is a pioneering account of the expectations and experiences of married life among the middle and labouring ranks in the long eighteenth century. Its original methodology draws attention to the material life of ...