Marital Separation, Divorce and Children

A child recounts how he and his siblings live in their Mama's house some days, and in their Papa's house during the other days. Told from the voice of a child, this book reminds us that children who grow up with two parents in one home are raised and loved no differently than those who have two homes.

A 2004 Philippine Board on Books for Young People (PBBY) Alfredo Salanga Prize for Children's Literature and Larry Alcala Prize for Children's Illustration grand award-winner

Available at Adarna House --
http://adarna.com.ph/papa-s-house-mama-s-house.html

The Legal Aid, Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Act 2012 (LASPO) made deep cuts to legal aid in the UK from April 2013, withdrawing state aid from almost all private family cases. The authors carried out a micro-study of solicitors providing legal aid and Citizens Advice Bureaux in the Kent and London areas to investigate the impact of the LASPO cuts. Findings from this scoping study suggest that legal aid firms have closed or merged, that legal aid work is often partially carried out in solicitors' own time, that 'unbundled' services for litigants in person (LiPs) are increasingly common, and that family cases are being complicated and extended by the new ubiquity of the LiP. Respondents suggest that litigants may increasingly be 'giving up' on pursuing their cases, with clear implications for financial justice as well as contact with children. Further studies are required to further analyse the financial and affective impact of the cuts and the distribution of losses and difficulties between genders, but the study suggests that increasing post-separation poverty, debt and capital losses are likely to increase in the post-LASPO environment and that firms and bureaux are having to find various methods of dealing with clients abandoned by the state.

This paper documents the development of an online qualitative questionnaire to be used with teachers of young children experiencing parental separation and divorce. The questionnaire forms the first phase one of a larger project where it will be used to determine teachers' thoughts, opinion, and beliefs regarding their preparedness for working with children experiencing parental separation and divorce. Development and structure of the questionnaire has been informed by a previous study whereby teachers disclosed their professional learning needs for working with children and families experiencing parental separation and divorce. The modules in the questionnaire reflect the modules in the online professional learning tool. The categories of teachers' professional learning needs are—(1) knowledge of the phenomenon, (2) working with children, and (3) working with families. Usefulness of the questionnaire was determined using Brookfield's theory of the critically reflective practitioner. I reflected on my own experiences, sought feedback from colleagues who trialed the questionnaire, and made comparisons with the literature. These data were synthesized to conclude the useful of the questionnaire to determine teachers' perception of their preparedness for working with children experiencing parental separation and divorce.

The purpose of this paper will delve into the transformation process a counselor takes in transitioning from an individual perspective-of first order observer, when approaching counseling, to taking on a duel role in becoming an observer and participant in the therapeutic process.  Whereby, in this role, the counselor takes into account and considers all person in relationship to “self” and others within the context of the therapeutic process.  Which then shift the paradigm of counseling towards a second order cybernetics approach to therapy; which, puts the counselor in direct relation to the client as now being seen as a part of therapeutic process.  Therefore, the aim of this paper will directly focus its attention towards a line of linear questions which are intended to elicit information about the individual being interviewed and circular questions which are intended to elicit information about the relationships and patterns of relationships the interviewee has developed within the context of the family unit.  Herein, the author will look to the philosophical tenets of Bowen’s Family theory to identify the underlying assumption each approach has on the influence of the therapeutic process as it correlates to aspects of familial relationship development. Considering, from this perspective, Bowenian Family Therapy, a post-modern philosophical model is premised on the family’s emotional system, which involves the differentiation of “self” within one’s family unit which deals with the multi-generational transmission of emotional family patterns and the resulting behaviors (FSI, 2015).  In this frame of reference, the author will be utilizing a self-reflective interview style, directed towards conducting the interview from a curious stance in applying the Bowen’s Family theory to therapeutic practice. That is as a utility, within the scope of asking linear questions, which by design places MFT outside and separate from the interview process and systemic-circular questions which puts MFT in direct association to the interviewing process.  Which by design, now places MFT in the positon of participant in being fully aware of just how such line of questioning will influence the client, as well as impact the direction of counseling and the possible outcome of therapy.

The purpose of the proposed study is to discover and understand how noncustodial Austrian fathers describe and experience the effects of either parental alienation or parental alienation syndrome (PAS).  The investigation will include a minimum of 150 Austrian men who have experienced alienative behavior from their former partners concerning their children.  The present day status of the surveyed fathers will be evaluated in this ethnography.

There is now a significant body of research literature on the meaning of home within philosophy, architecture and the social sciences, including some areas of law (especially British housing law). However, the extent to which this body of work has informed family law, and more specifically our understandings of children’s experiences of living across households after parental separation, has been very limited indeed. In particular, Australian family property law is informed by an emphasis on dwellings, that is, physical entities, and parenting law by the expectation that children readily function in more than one home after parental separation. These approaches do not recognise home as the interrelationship between physical, social and psychological space. In contrast, the literature on home captures its multifaceted and phenomenological dimensions but overwhelmingly assumes a singular home. Marginalisation of children’s perspectives is evident in both Australian family law and the literature on home. Currently, there is no socio-legal work that attends to children’s conceptualisation and experience of home in the context of parental separation. Yet Western emphasis on a singular physical home, as well as the apparent centrality of affectivity and connectedness to home for children, raise important questions about if and how parental separation leads to changes in the idea of home for children. Informed by plans for a British study by Mavis Maclean and Susan Golombok, we suggest that further exploration of what home means and homemaking involves for children would provide a valuable basis for supporting children and parents to configure post-separation living arrangements so that children always feel they are at home.

Parenting Plans have become the default legal document for divorces in Western jurisdictions. A Google search for templates showed 5 vulnerabilities in high-conflict settings that would tend in practice to hamper mediation and promote parental alienation. Our mediation centre/child protection agency has developed an alternative that (1) focuses the parents on the children's developmental needs (2) addresses the separation-based emotions that hamper agreement (3) promotes shared-parenting (4) replaces the rights-based approach with a care-based approach and (5) alerts parents to the consequences of obstruction. Based on UK templates and designed around s18 - s35 of the Children's Act, 38 of 2005 for use in South Africa, it is a generic document for mediators to prepare parents emotionally and practically before finalising parenting plans.

En abril de 2013, Coahuila se convirtió en la séptima Entidad Federativa de México en introducir a su legislación civil-familiar el procedimiento de divorcio incausado (o exprés, como también es conocido). En este documento se analizan tanto las características del decreto de reformas relativo, en cuanto a los cambios que sufrió la legislación señalada,  así como algunos argumentos vertidos tanto a favor como en contra de la constitucionalidad de dicha reforma.

Early adolescence is a difficult and turbulent time for early adolescents as they progress through puberty and undergo rapid physiological, neurological and emotional changes. Educators have recently turned their attention to this age group and revamped their approach to middle school aged children, which they designate as grade 6- 8, or age 11-14.
Because it is such a turbulent time for children, one would assume that the experience of their parents’ divorce would be particularly hard for this age group. This paper will attempt to discover the empirically verified impact of parental divorce on early adolescents, or Middle–School aged children (MSAC).
Christian Churches have been attempting to deal with the increasing incidence of divorce not only in society at large, but within their own ranks. There are effective and widely acclaimed divorce recovery programs such as DivorceCare® and more recently a DC4Kids®, a biblically based program to address the needs of children of divorce aged 5 -12. However, at this time there are very few resources available for a Christian ministry to early adolescents whose parents are separating and divorcing. Since educators insist that younger adolescents have different needs and learning styles than older adolescents, this paper will focus on how the Christian Community can address the needs of MSAC who are the victims of their parent’s separation, divorce and remarriage.

As pornography use continues to increase in the United States, studies have sought to understand its potential influence on marital relationships. Yet, the primary focus of such studies has been pornography's association with marital quality, not stability. Consequently, we still know relatively little about whether pornography consumption at one time predicts marital disruption later on. Drawing on data from the 2006 and 2012 waves of the nationally representative Portraits of American Life Study (N = 445), this article examined whether married Americans who viewed pornography in 2006, either at all or in greater frequencies, were more likely to experience a marital separation by 2012. Binary logistic regression analyses showed that married Americans who viewed pornography at all in 2006 were more than twice as likely as those who did not view pornography to experience a separation by 2012, even after controlling for 2006 marital happiness and sexual satisfaction as well as relevant sociodemographic correlates. The relationship between pornography use frequency and marital separation, however, was technically curvilinear. The likelihood of marital separation by 2012 increased with 2006 pornography use to a point and then declined at the highest frequencies of pornography use. Ancillary analyses, however, showed that this group of married Americans with high frequencies of 2006 pornography viewing and low likelihood of later marital separation were not statistically distinguishable from either abstainers or moderate viewers in terms of marital separation likelihood. All findings held regardless of gender. Data limitations and implications for future research are discussed.

Today the world is experiencing such generation where the concept of marriage is not a big factor. But marriage & family are perhaps society’s oldest & most resilient institution. From the beginning of human life people have grouped themselves into families to find emotional, physical & communal support. But sometimes because of some circumstances familial life become just a hell. It’s true that it is better to be alone than being with someone who makes you alone. Here comes divorce! It might sound simple, but it's not easy for a husband and wife to decide to end a marriage. Often they spend a long time trying to solve problems before deciding to divorce. But sometimes they just can't fix the problems and decide that a divorce is the best solution. Change is a natural part of life, but when it happens to your family, it is sometimes really hard to deal with. With the help of the secondary data this paper will discuss the concept & religious aspects of marriage & divorce in terms of the world & Bangladesh context with analyzing the causes of increasing divorce rate.

Human beings are faced with numerous choices everyday. These choices vary from the most trivial ones to the most important ones. One important choice (probably after the choice of becoming born again) is the marital choice, especially the choice of whom to marry. One phenomenon that is influencing people’s choices in this modern age is the social media in particular and the Internet in general. The social media and the Internet have influenced many facets of human endeavours. The contemporary marriage is not exempted from this influence. As a matter of fact, many people are now using social media to meet and connect with others and some of such connections have led to marital choice and marriage. This presentation aims at looking at social media and the Internet and how they are affecting the contemporary marriages both positively and adversely.

The institution of marriage is sacrosanct and protected by law especially if celebrated in
accordance with the Marriage Act 1914. Although the dissolution of marriage which is defined
as the legal separation of man and wife effected by the judgment or decree of a court, and either
totally dissolving the marriage or suspending its effect so far as it concerns the cohabitation of
the parties is not the original intendment of the Act, it is inevitably provided in situations where
the marriage has broken down irretrievably. This has invariably led to a host of intractable
problems; both legal and otherwise faced by both parties to the petition, their progeny and the
society.
Consequently, this study shall attempt to analyze the grounds for the dissolution of statutory
marriage in Nigeria, problems it creates and the prospects for its solution.

Hosea is a challenging book, but the main message is contained in the first three chapters, which describe Hosea’s call to an unhappy marriage, separation and divorce and final reconciliation. YHWH’s relationship to his people is demonstrated in Hosea’s marriage. Hosea’s experience of having an unfaithful wife who was also a prostitute demonstrates how YHWH experiences the spiritual adultery of his people: primarily Israel, but also Christians today. Hosea demonstrates not only YHWH’s anguish, but His unfailing love despite the depth of sin to which his loved ones fall. The problem of feminist textual criticism of the theme of male dominance in Hosea is examined. The effects of adultery, prostitution and divorce on children are examined in the light of Hosea. The paper attempts to draw from the experiences of Hosea practical advice for a recently separated persons: especially those victimized by their partner’s adultery.

La décrétale Ex Litteris de Grégoire IX (1229) fixe le statut de l’enfant d’un couple de juifs dont le père s’est converti : l’enfant doit être baptisé et élevé dans la foi chrétienne. À partir du commentaire de ce texte par le jurisconsulte Agustinho Barbosa (v. 1640), on s’attache à présenter la norme concernant l’enfant de converti telle qu’elle est issue du travail des commentateurs médiévaux, en mettant en évidence ses liens avec la question plus large des conversions forcées d’enfants. Dans la période post-tridentine, la décrétale Ex Litteris fut réinterprétée afin de permettre au grand-père converti, puis à la grand-mère, « d’offrir l’enfant au baptême » même du vivant des père et mère juifs. Ce travail normatif prend sens, notamment, dans le contexte des pressions exercées par l’Église pour convertir les juifs dans les États pontificaux. L’évolution de la doctrine est jalonnée par une série d’affaires : le cas traité par Martin de Azpilcueta sous Grégoire XIII puis l’affaire tranchée par Benoît XIV en 1751. Les mises au point pontificales montrent, sur la longue durée, un durcissement des normes au détriment des juifs.

The decretal Ex Litteris by Gregory IX (1229) fixes the status of the child of a couple of Jews of whom the father converted to Christianity: the child must be baptised and raised in the Christian faith. According to the comment of this text by the legal adviser Agostinho Barbosa in the 1640s, we attempt here to present the norm concerning the children of a converted parent such as it arises from the work of the medieval commentators, underscoring its links with the wider question of the forced conversion of children. During the post-tridentine period, the decretal Ex Litteris was reinterpreted to allow the converted grandfather, then the grandmother, “to offer the child to baptism”, even in the Jewish father’s and mother’s lifetime. This normative work is related, in particular, with the pressures that the Church exerted to convert the Jews in the papal States. The evolution of the doctrine is punctuated with a series of cases: the case treated by Martin de Azpilcueta under Gregory XIII, then the case settled by Benedict XIV in 1751. The papal clarifications show, on the long term, a hardening of the norms to the detriments of the Jews.

Communication within the family can be difficult, and adding divorce into the mix can greatly diminish communication effectiveness. Here are tips for putting in your best effort to communicate in a productive way that achieves the ultimate goal of raising your child.

En este artículo se analizan las sentencias más significativas habidas en nuestras Audiencias tras la entrada en vigor de la Reforma 15/2005, en las que el juez falla sobre la custodia compartida impuesta, a fin de detectar sus particularidades; concretamente, la autora se detiene en aquellas resoluciones en las que se han pronunciado nuestros Tribunales sobre la atribución del uso de la vivienda, en este supuesto concreto de custodia compartida. Finalmente, estudia con detalle y comenta críticamente, la sentencia del TSJC de 5 de septiembre de 2008, de la que extrae una serie de conclusiones válidas para ofrecer una nueva interpretación del art. 96.1 CC, que sirva para solventar los problemas derivados de la atribución del uso de la vivienda, y en tanto el legislador no adapte dicho precepto a la nueva realidad.

Una massima della c.d. modernità liquida ci dice che quando manca la qualità si cerca rifugio nella quantità; quando non c’è niente che duri, è la rapidità che può redimere. A questa massima sembra oggi ispirarsi il legislatore italiano, non rinunciando, peraltro, a ciò che, sin dalla riforma del diritto di famiglia, è stata una sua costante: il compromesso.
La legge 6 maggio 2015, n. 55, è paradigmatica dell’enunciato connubio rapidità vs compromesso. Si muove su due fronti. Reca disposizioni in materia (i) di scioglimento o di cessazione degli effetti civili del matrimonio nonchè (ii) di comunione dei beni tra i coniugi.
(i) Il connubio rapidità vs compromesso è chiarissimo sul primo fronte, quello del divorzio, tanto per chiamare gli istituti col proprio nome.
La rapidità. In Italia, a differenza che in buona parte degli altri Paesi europei (e non solo europei), i coniugi per divorziare dovevano attendere tre anni dall’avvenuta comparizione innanzi al presidente del tribunale nella procedura di separazione personale. Questa circostanza ha portato diverse coppie al forum shopping servendosi di altri ordinamenti per velocizzare lo scioglimento del loro matrimonio. Il Regolamento (CE) n. 2201/2003 del Consiglio dell’Unione Europea del 27 novembre 2003, in materia di competenza, riconoscimento ed esecuzione delle decisioni in materia matrimoniale, ne ha facilitato il compito. In tempo di globalizzazione economico-giuridica, gli ordinamenti giuridici sono in concorrenza tra loro. Quello italiano è stato reputato da più coppie meno efficiente di altri, a cominciare dagli ordinamenti spagnolo, inglese, rumeno e bulgaro.
Il compromesso. Il legislatore italiano aveva davanti a sé una scelta. L’alternativa era tra mettere in discussione la sequenza “separazione-divorzio” affrontando, vis-à-vis, il tema del c.d. “divorzio diretto” o, piuttosto, tener ferma la duplicazione dei procedimenti accorciando i termini per il divorzio. Ecco il connubio. La separazione personale tra coniugi è rimasta salda, confermando le peculiarità del sistema Italia: si sono ridotti i termini processuali per il divorzio. L’art. 1 della legge n. 55/2015 modifica il secondo cpv. della lett. b), del n. 2), dell’art. 3 della legge div. (1° dicembre 1970, n. 898) e introduce un nuovo dies a quo per la proposizione della domanda di divorzio. Bastano oggi "dodici mesi dall’avvenuta comparizione dei coniugi innanzi al presidente del tribunale nella procedura di separazione personale e […] sei mesi nel caso di separazione consensuale, anche quando il giudizio contenzioso si sia trasformato in consensuale”.
(ii) Il connubio rapidità vs compromesso si coglie pure sul secondo fronte, quello della comunione dei beni tra i coniugi, cui sono principalmente dedicate queste chiose a prima lettura. L’art. 2 della legge n. 55/2015 dispone che all’art. 191 c.c., dopo il comma 1, è inserito il seguente: “Nel caso di separazione personale, la comunione tra i coniugi si scioglie nel momento in cui il presidente del tribunale autorizza i coniugi a vivere separati, ovvero alla data di sottoscrizione del processo verbale di separazione consensuale dei coniugi dinanzi al presidente, purchè omologato. L’ordinanza con la quale i coniugi sono autorizzati a vivere separati è comunicata all’ufficiale dello stato civile ai fini dell’annotazione dello scioglimento della comunione”
                                                                                                                                              * * *                                                                                                                                     
1) Nella procedura tradizionale di separazione giudiziale la comunione si scioglie nel momento in cui il presidente del tribunale autorizza i coniugi a vivere separati (art. 191, comma 2, c.c.). La cessazione del regime di comunione legale è automatica, immediata e irreversibile ex lege, salva la riconciliazione. L’ordinanza con cui i coniugi sono autorizzati a vivere separati è comunicata all’ufficiale dello stato civile ai fini dell’annotazione della cessazione del regime di comunione (art. 191, comma 2, c.c.). La cessazione del regime di comunione è peraltro opponibile ai terzi anche anteriormente alla pubblicità nei registri dello stato civile se (si prova che) questi ne hanno avuto conoscenza.
2) Nella procedura tradizionale di separazione consensuale la comunione si scioglie alla data di sottoscrizione del verbale di separazione consensuale dei coniugi dinanzi al presidente, purché omologato (art. 191, comma 2, c.c.). L’omologa è condizione della cessazione del regime di comunione: condizione risolutiva con effetti ex nunc. L’opponibilità alla generalità dei terzi è assicurata dall’annotazione del decreto d’omologa della separazione nell’atto di matrimonio (l’art. 69, lett. d), d.P.R. n. 396/2000). Pure qui la cessazione del regime di comunione è peraltro opponibile ai terzi anche anteriormente alla pubblicità nei registri dello stato civile se (si prova che) questi ne hanno avuto conoscenza.
3) Nella procedura degiurisdizionalizzata di separazione personale a seguito di convenzione di negoziazione assistita la situazione è, ai nostri fini, sostanzialmente analoga a quella del procedimento tradizionale di separazione giudiziale. La cessazione del regime di comunione si ha con la certificazione degli avvocati (della serietà e dell’integrità) della comune volontà dei coniugi di separarsi e (della conformità) dell’accordo sulle condizioni di separazione. L’art. 6, comma 3, d.l. n. 132/2014 ci dice che l’accordo raggiunto a seguito di convenzione di negoziazione assistita – quindi certificato dagli avvocati –produce gli effetti e tiene luogo dei provvedimenti giudiziali che definiscono i procedimenti di separazione personale. L’art. 6, comma 3, d.l. n. 132/2014 non lascia sufficiente spazio interpretativo per intendere il nullaosta e l’autorizzazione del p.m. come condizione della cessazione del regime di comunione legale o per instaurare un parallelismo con il procedimento tradizionale di separazione consensuale. La certificazione degli avvocati tiene dunque luogo dell’autorizzazione presidenziale a vivere separati. Con essa cessa la comunione legale dei beni. La cessazione è automatica, immediata e irreversibile ex lege, salva la riconciliazione. L’opponibilità alla generalità dei terzi è assicurata dall’annotazione dell’accordo di separazione personale nell’atto di matrimonio (l’art. 69, lett. d), d.P.R. n. 396/2000): è sotto questo frangente che sono di scena il nullaosta e l’autorizzazione del p.m., senza i quali non può aversi annotazione nell’atto di matrimonio (art. 6, commi 2 e 3, d.l. n. 132/2014), ferma peraltro restando l’opponibilità della cessazione del regime di comunione ai terzi se (si prova che) questi ne hanno avuto conoscenza.
4) Nella procedura degiurisdizionalizzata di separazione personale a seguito di accordo autogestito ricevuto dal sindaco la situazione è pari modo analoga a quella del procedimento tradizionale di separazione giudiziale: la cessazione del regime di comunione si ha con la certificazione del sindaco dell’accordo coniugale di volersi separare di volersi separare (“fase uno”) e non è necessario attendere il secondo appuntamento innanzi al sindaco (“fase due”). L’art. 12, comma 3, d.l. n. 132/2014 ci dice che l’accordo concluso innanzi al sindaco produce gli effetti e tiene luogo dei provvedimenti giudiziali che definiscono i procedimenti di separazione personale. La certificazione del sindaco tiene dunque luogo dell’autorizzazione presidenziale a vivere separati. Con essa cessa la comunione legale dei beni. La cessazione, pure in quest’ipotesi, è automatica, immediata e irreversibile ex lege, salva la riconciliazione. L’opponibilità alla generalità dei terzi è assicurata dall’annotazione dell’accordo di separazione personale nell’atto di matrimonio (art. 69, lett. d-ter), d.P.R. n. 396/2000): è sotto questo frangente che è di scena la conferma dell’accordo di separazione resa in sede di seconda comparizione, immutata peraltro restando l’opponibilità della cessazione del regime di comunione ai terzi se (si prova che) questi ne hanno avuto conoscenza.

Interviews mit dem neunjährigen Carl über Kinderliteratur mit Trennungs- und Scheidungsthemen.

Im Folgenden sind Interviews mit dem neunjährigen Carl über Kinderliteratur mit Trennungs- und Scheidungsthemen wiedergegeben, die ich mit ihm in Vorbereitung eines Seminars über Scheidungskinder geführt habe. Es handelt sich um „work in progress“.

Title in English: “Yes, parents should read the book. It would even be good if they read it. Because parents learn along the way that children are allowed to co-decide” - Interviews with the nine year old Carl about children's books with themes of separation and divorce.

How does religion influence the ways divorcées frame their divorce experience? Building on Mills's "vocabularies of motive" concept, I theorize that Americans who are more religious or affiliated with a conservative Protestant tradition will be more likely to emphasize their former spouse's role in the divorce while minimizing their own. Data are taken from a large, representative sample of divorced Americans in the 2014 Relationships in America survey. Analyses affirm that divorced Americans who attend worship services more frequently are more likely to say that their former spouse wanted the divorce more than they did. Looking at 17 specific reasons for divorce, those who feel religion is more important to them are consistently more likely to select reasons that put blame on their former spouse or circumstances, while frequent attendees are less likely to cite their own behaviors or intentions. Though less consistent, notable patterns also emerged for conservative Protestants. Given the stigma against divorce in many religious communities, I argue that divorcées in such communities likely feel internal pressure to account for their divorce in ways that deflect blame.

Fifty-nine spouses going through the process of separation
completed an Internet survey on their experience. Not only was the
process of separation difficult for the majority of both women and men
(over three-fourths evaluated their adjustment as “still healing” or “terrible”
with some “suicidal”), the advice from over two-thirds of both women
and men to those contemplating separation/divorce was to avert a divorce
by “working it out” or “seeing a counselor.” When this was not possible,
the spouses (more men than women) recommended a cooling off period.
Clearly, one effect of involvement in the process of separation was a reevaluation
of the desirability of initiating a separation to the degree that they
would alert others contemplating separation/divorce to rethink their situation
and to attempt reconciliation. Implications and limitations of the
research are identified.

James Wan’s Insidious (2010) appears to be a nostalgic anomaly—a post-modern palimpsest of intertextuality that longs for horror conventions of the past. In a nostalgic revision of the themes articulated by Pat Gill, Insidious recodes the negligent parents of the Elm Street generation as exclusively female in both the malevolent netherworld and the normative bourgeois family protagonists.

The aim of this study is to deepen our understanding of the nexus between women's career growth and divorce rate. We use data from the generations and gender surveys to examine the women's growth and divorce in Kenya. We surveyed 90 women from executive leadership networks who held high status roles and were in common-law relationships. Our results controlled for a number of variables such as age, whether they had children and initial status levels when they first met their partners. We asked the women if we could contact their husbands, and were able to obtain data from 6 husbands. Using retrospective and longitudinal data, we show that all else equal, there is a propensity to divorce among families in which the wife is a career woman. We found that women's career growth facilitates increase in divorce rate in Kenya, wives who believed they held higher status positions than their husbands were indeed more likely to experience feelings of resentfulness or embarrassment, feeling that their status was decreased by their husbands' lower status position, which increased the likelihood of divorce or already divorced. Husbands experienced greater marital dissatisfaction and thoughts about divorce if their wives' were outwardly unhappy with their marriage. Findings are relevant for organizations and for individuals, a reminder that women who seek a successful career and family life still find it challenging to achieve both. Organizations have an important role to play by providing family-friendly policies to all employees, important for those in dual-career couples to have open and honest conversations about their career ambitions and their marriage expectation. Notwithstanding our findings, other questions remain to be answered in future research. For example, might women who hold higher job status than their husbands be penalized for violating gender role prescriptions in their workplaces? And would we find the similar effects of status spillover on marital instability for LGBTQ couples?

Résumé de l'analyse précise de Dominique Lhuillier-Martinetti des témoignages d’Ambroisie, réglementation du mariage chrétien au IVe siècle,  et réflexions personnelles sur les application des principes canoniques pour pape Alexandre VI dans l'annulation du mariage de Louis XII et de Jeanne de France au XVe siècle.

We argue that the fragility of contemporary marriages—and the corresponding high rates of divorce—can be explained (in large part) by a three-part mismatch: between our relationship values, our evolved psycho-biological natures, and our modern social, physical, and technological environment. “Love drugs” could help address this mismatch by boosting our psycho-biologies while keeping our values and our environment intact. While individual couples should be free to use pharmacological interventions to sustain and improve their romantic connection, we suggest that they may have an obligation to do so as well, in certain cases. Specifically, we argue that couples with offspring may have a special responsibility to enhance their relationships for the sake of their children. We outline an evolutionarily-informed research program for identifying promising biomedical enhancements of love and commitment.

In this article we investigate the associations between the payment and receipt of child support and housing circumstances of both resident and non-resident parents. We do so by analysing data from Wave 4 of the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey. The final analytic sample comprised 1,043 separated parents (637 resident parents, 406 non-resident parents). Our findings indicate that for resident parents the receipt of child support payments above $75 per week was significantly associated with better housing circumstances. By contrast, the payment of child support was not significantly related to housing outcomes for non-resident parents. Overall, our results suggest that resident parents in receipt of child support, particularly above the median amount, live with their children in better housing circumstances than resident parents receiving little or no child support. While this finding makes intuitive sense - money matters - the way in which child support appears to be differentially related to the housing circumstances of resident and non-resident parents warrants further investigation

Appel à communications pour le prochain colloque de la Société de Démographie Historique "Divorcer autrefois ? La séparation matrimoniale de l'Antiquité au XXe siècle. Mondes européens et extra-européens".

Call for papers for the next conference of the Société de Démographie Historique : "Divorce in the past? Matrimonial separation from Antiquity until the 20th century. European and non-European worlds"

Abstract
The paper tends to look at divorce and the wellbeing of women and children. The essay will work towards identifying possible consequences of divorce to women and children. In pursuit of the focus of this paper it treated numerous issues. It did an introductory overview, it looked at why some children are more affected by divorce than others, it examined possible social, emotional, religious, spiritual and physical health, consequences of divorce to women and children, it x-rayed the possible consequences of divorce for sexual behavior also the study gave a way forward to addressing the issue of divorce in our society. Descriptive and analytic approach was adopted in analyzing the body of the paper. The essay notes that divorce generally puts women and children at greater risk for many kinds of problem such as depression, lonely, frustration, poverty and so many others. However, the paper recommends that government should provide rehabilitative progamme for the children and women of divorce family so that they can adjust in their emotional, spiritual, social and physical trauma.
Keywords: Divorce. Wellbeing. Women Children.
contact: agbigeorge@gmail.com, 07033572094.

Creative stress management is the mental process of searching for a new and creative solution to a stressor, a solution which is novel, original and not obvious. It means seeing new challenges as opportunities; dealing with unknown or ambiguous situations and productively managing the tension caused by gaps between your vision of future reality and actual current reality. Often we come across a dead-end while trying to solve a problem at workplace or at home; either our understanding of the issue is wrong or we fail to approach it correctly. To be an effective problem solver, you need to bring in creativity to travel from the current situation to the desired one. We often associate the word ‘creative’ with certain jobs like writing, painting, designing etc., or activities like solving puzzles and word games.

چكيده
ازدواج كودكان پديده اي اجتماعي است كه در ايران مانند ساير كشورهاي در حال توسعه و توسعه نيافته
مشاهده مي شود. بافت فرهنگي - سنتي و معظلات اقتصادي و خانوادگي از دلايل ازدواج كودكان در
ايران مي باشد. ازدواج كودكان نوعي از ازدواج است كه حداقل كي از زوجين كمتر از ١٨ سال سن دارد
و عموما دختران در اين نوع ازدواج، كودك هستند و بيشترين آسيب كتوجه آنان مي باشد. يكي از
مهمترين پيامدهاي كودك همسري، شيوع طلاق كودكان و افزايش كودكان بيوه است. هدف اين
پژوهش توصيف و ارزيابي ميزان شيوع ازدواج و طلاق كودكان در ايران مي باشد. روش اين پژوهش
كيفي، ميداني و در سطح كلان مي باشد. يافته ها حاكي از آن است بيشترين ازدواج و طلاق كودكان در
هفت استان استان خراسان رضوي، آذربايجان شرقي، خوزستان، سيستان و بلوچستان، آذربايجان غربي،
هرمزگان و اصفهان رخ مي دهد.

This research aims to study divorce typology and its contexts. Therefore, we have investigated divorced subjects perception of their divorce contexts and their interpretation of this event by applying qualitative approach and semi- structured in-depth interview technique.
Findings of qualitative interviews with 36 divorced men and women in Tehran identified six different types of divorce that each of them has its own contexts and characteristics. Based on it, these divorce patterns were emerged: Active rational divorce, No-fault rational divorce, passive rational divorce, ambitious rational divorce, forced divorce and hasty divorce.
This divorce typology was classified based on the level of individual’s “agency” in divorce action which this agency is affected by two factors: the level of “rationality” and the level of individual’s “emotional tendency” to divorce event. In addition, individuals’ interpretation of “divorce causes” and also some micro and macro contextual variables have a main role in formation different types of divorce.
Findings indicate that the way of dealing with divorce and post- divorce life and also the current quality of life of divorced actors are affected by different patterns of divorce; hence, the present research reminds the necessity of prevention of hasty divorced and ambitious divorced and emphasize on the necessity of empowerment of the subjects who engage in forced divorce in intervention programs.

Bridging the gap between feminist studies of motherhood and queer theory, Mothering Queerly, Queering Motherhood articulates a provocative philosophy of queer kinship that need not be rooted in lesbian or gay sexual identities. Working from an interdisciplinary framework that incorporates feminist philosophy and queer, psychoanalytic, poststructuralist, and postcolonial theories, Shelley M. Park offers a powerful critique of an ideology she terms monomaternalism. Despite widespread cultural insistence that every child should have one—and only one—“real” mother, many contemporary family constellations do not fit this mandate. Park highlights the negative consequences of this ideology and demonstrates how families created through open adoption, same-sex parenting, divorce, and plural marriage can be sites of resistance. Drawing from personal experiences as both an adoptive and a biological mother and juxtaposing these autobiographical reflections with critical readings of cultural texts representing multi-mother families, Park advocates a new understanding of postmodern families as potentially queer coalitional assemblages held together by a mixture of affection and critical reflection premised on difference.