Orange

This study, the selective removal of limonin bitterness from Washington navel orange juice by batch adsorption to the Amberlite XAD-16HP and Dowex Optipore L285 was investigated and the determination of some compositional changes that occurred with orange juices debittering using adsorption resins were the primary focus. Amberlite XAD-16HP and Dowex Optipore L285 have been successfully used to reduce bitterness to acceptable levels in Washington navel orange juices. Amberlite XAD-16HP does not have any important negative effects on the quality characteristics of orange juices. However, Dowex Optipore L285 reduces the titratable acidity (TA) in the orange juices and so increases the content of soluble solids contents (SSC), pH value, and ratio accordingly.

Production of ethanol, biogas, pectin and limonene from citrus wastes (CWs) by an integrated process was investigated. CWs were hydrolyzed by dilute-acid process in a pilot plant reactor equipped with an explosive drainage. Hydrolysis variables including temperature and residence time were optimized by applying a central composite rotatable experimental design (CCRD). The best sugar yield (0.41 g/g of the total dry CWs) was obtained by dilute-acid hydrolysis at 150 °C and 6 min residence time. At this condition, high solubilization of pectin present in the CWs was obtained, and 77.6% of total pectin content of CWs could be recovered by solvent recovery. Degree of esterification and ash content of produced pectin were 63.7% and 4.23%, respectively. In addition, the limonene of the CWs was effectively removed through flashing of the hydrolyzates into an expansion tank. The sugars present in the hydrolyzates were converted to ethanol using baker’s yeast, while an ethanol yield of 0.43 g/g of the fermentable sugars was obtained. Then, the stillage and the remaining solid materials of the hydrolyzed CWs were anaerobically digested to obtain biogas. In summary, one ton of CWs with 20% dry weight resulted in 39.64 l ethanol, 45 m3 methane, 8.9 l limonene, and 38.8 kg pectin.

Squash is a type of fruit beverage containing at least 25% fruit juice or pulp and 40-50% total soluble solids, commercially. It also contains about 1.0% acid and 350ppm Sulphur dioxide or 600ppm sodium benzoate. It is diluted before serving. Cane juice is a naturally high energy drink which makes it a healthy alternate to refined sugar added drink. Sugarcane is one of the world's most important sugar crops cultivated in tropical countries like India. Tender coconut is one of the most abundant and naturally occurring resource which is used as food and beverage. The present investigation was carried out to formulate Squash with Sugarcane juice and Coconut water and orange juice, and to evaluate the overall acceptability of squash in prepared three samples comparing with control. We got significant values, the score for colour was found highest in sample B compared with other samples. The score for flavour was found highest in sample B as compared to other samples of Squash. Overall acceptability was observed as highest in sample and is preferred than control. Among different samples of Squash prepared, sample B was more acceptable in terms of its Organoleptic evaluation. The formulated sugarcane Squash is highly preferable to people suffering from urinary infections.

Squash is a type of fruit beverage containing at least 25% fruit juice or pulp and 40-50% total soluble solids, commercially. It also contains about 1.0% acid and 350ppm Sulphur dioxide or 600ppm sodium benzoate. It is diluted before serving. Cane juice is a naturally high energy drink which makes it a healthy alternate to refined sugar added drink. Sugarcane is one of the world's most important sugar crops cultivated in tropical countries like India. Tender coconut is one of the most abundant and naturally occurring resource which is used as food and beverage. The present investigation was carried out to formulate Squash with Sugarcane juice and Coconut water and orange juice, and to evaluate the overall acceptability of squash in prepared three samples comparing with control. We got significant values, the score for colour was found highest in sample B compared with other samples. The score for flavour was found highest in sample B as compared to other samples of Squash. Overall acceptability was observed as highest in sample and is preferred than control. Among different samples of Squash prepared, sample B was more acceptable in terms of its Organoleptic evaluation. The formulated sugarcane Squash is highly preferable to people suffering from urinary infections.

Today, citrus orchards are a major component of the Mediterranean landscape and one of the most important cultivated fruits in the region; however, citrus is not native to the Mediterranean Basin, but originated in Southeast Asia. Here, the route of the spread and diversification of citrus is traced through the use of reliable historical information (ancient texts, art, and artifacts such as wall paintings and coins) and archaeobotanical remains such as fossil pollen grains, charcoals, seeds, and other fruit remains. These botanical remains are evaluated for their reliability (in terms of identification, archaeological context, and dating) and possible interpretations. Citrus medica (citron) was the first citrus to spread west, apparently through Persia and the Southern Levant (remains were found in a Persian royal garden near Jerusalem dated to the fifth and fourth centuries BC) and then to the western Mediterranean (early Roman period, ' 'third and second centuries BC). In the latter region, seeds and pollen remains of citron were found in gardens owned by the affluent in the Vesuvius area and Rome. The earliest lemon (C. limon) botanical remains were found in the Forum Romanum (Rome) and are dated to the late first century BC/early first century AD. It seems, therefore, that lemon was the second citrus species introduced to the Mediterranean. The contexts of the botanical remains, in relation to elite gardens, show that in antiquity, both citrus and lemon were products representing high social status. Sour orange (C. aurantium), lime (C. aurantifolia), and pummelo (C. maxima) did not reach the Mediterranean until the 10th century AD, after the Islamic conquest. Sweet orange (C. sinesis) was introduced during the second half of the 15th century AD, probably via the trade route established by the Genoese, and later (16th century AD) by the Portuguese. The mandarin (C. reticulata) reached the Mediterranean only in the early 19th century. While citron and lemon arrived in the Mediterranean as elite products, all other citrus fruit most probably spread for economic reasons.

The study aims to examine the effect of transition to the application of IFRS 15: recognition of revenues from contracts with customers in Jordanian telecommunications' companies, as a case study it was conducted in Jordan Telecommunications Company (Orange) for the period between 2010-2017, The researchers recalculated the revenue of contracts with customers retroactively, and separate the goods' revenues from services' revenues, also calculate the assets from contracts at the end of each interim period for the quarterly progress reports for all periods of study. A number of statistical methods were used; the most important one is descriptive statistics, the natural distribution of data and testing the study hypotheses using the multiple regression equations to identify the effect of independent variables on dependent variables. The most important result of the study showed that there is a statistically significant impact at the level of (α ≤ 0.05) for the application of IFRS 15 as measured by the services' revenue , goods' revenue, and contract assets on total revenues and owner equity, The study recommended urging the telecommunications companies working in Jordan especially Orange to apply IFRS 15 for its impact to achieve transparency in disclosure, and to increase the reliability of accounting measurement of financial reporting.

L'etude proprement archeologique des edifices de spectacles antiques de la Gaule Narbonnaise se heurte aujourd'hui a un probleme majeur : outre les divers amenagements destines en principe a leur rendre leur fonction primitive de salles de spectacles, leur description ne peut negliger en effet ni les differentes modifications apportees depuis les premieres invasions des Wisigoths et durant tout le Moyen âge, ni les restaurations effectuees depuis le xixe siecle jusqu'a nos jours. De fait, meme si les dernieres interventions se sont voulues « dans le respect de l'esprit de l'antiquite » et meme lorsque les restaurations se sont limitees a de simples consolidations, les unes comme les autres ont participe indeniablement a une certaine transformation de l'edifice. Celle-ci s'est effectuee dans divers contextes selon les epoques, selon les ecoles aussi, et selon la place accordee au monument a la fois dans l'urbanisme d'une ville antique de la provinc...

Homozygous genotypes are valuable for genetic and genomic studies in higher plants. However, obtaining homozygous perennial plants using conventional breeding techniques is currently a challenge because of a long juvenile period, high heterozygosity and the substantial inbreeding depression. In vitro androgenesis has been used to develop haploid and doubled haploid plants. In this study, we report the regeneration of doubled haploid lines of Valencia sweet orange cv. Rohde Red (Citrus sinensis [L.] Osbeck) via anther culture. Anthers at the uninucleate stage were induced and two embryogenic calli were obtained that further regenerated to embryoids (2/400). Plantlets were obtained after transferring the embryoids to a shoot regeneration medium, but were short-lived. Ploidy analysis via both flow cytometry and chromosome counting verified that these two lines were diploids. Additionally, 43 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers which showed to be heterozygous in the Valencia sweet orange donor line confirmed homozygosity and doubled haploids in the anther-derived lines. Furthermore, analysis of the doubled haploids via cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) markers and target region sequencing confirmed the allelic state of two genes (LCYE and LCYB) involved in the carotenoid biosynthesis of sweet oranges.

As Paul Hills argues, Renaissance Venice was a true tinder-box. If the authority over the water element gave the Venetian Republic endless reasons to be proud of, the consequent fires happening in Venice over the centuries were at the heart of citizens’ concerns.

Equally, the demiurgic power of fire was equally the source of outstanding new developments taking place in Renaissance Venice. Fire’s industrial potential continued to be harnessed spectacularly in glass furnaces at Murano. Following Sansovino’s redevelopment of Saint Mark’s Square in the 16th century, the government mint building with the system of high-temperature ovens was moved from the Rialto to the centrally located marble-encrusted siege at the Bacino San Marco. Finally, the colourful display of pyrotechnics and bonfires left the heaps of visiting pilgrims and ambassadors in awe during Venetian lascivious festivities.

This paper explores the ways in which Venetian craftsmanship emulated or attempted to accommodate the complex nature of fire.

In arguably the most enigmatic dream-romance to ever come out from the Venetian press, the Hypnerotomachia Poliphili (1499), the narrator, Poliphilo records the sight of ‘’altars with a burning fire aloft’’ upon which mystical flames ‘’to which unbridled eyes can be unarmed’’ appear. Fire or mystical creatures of the semblance of fire, run wild through the pages of this romance. The poetics of Poliphio’s account reverberates with scientific explorations of the time that dealt with the dynamism of life. The growing awareness of metabolic processes occurring in nature went hand in glow with alchemical studies on fire as an agency of creation capable of transmuting matter and breaking down elemental distinctions.

I take into account three case studies which, due to the distinctiveness of materials involved in their production, illuminate respectively different qualities of the fiery substance. I begin by looking at glass casendelli, hanging glass lamps produced in the Murano factories. Later, the fantasy of fire petrified will usher us into a discussion on the iconographical programme in the Saint Mark’s Basilica. Finally, the works of Titian and Jacopo Bassano will supplement our understanding of the undying desire among the Venetian painters to suspend the flickering effects of fire in layers of paint.

Stokes and Ruskin taught us that Venice has always been a bemusing theatre of material affinities. In their writings, the appearance of Venetian edifices, their rhythmical arches, veiny marble specchi and sun-reflecting brick façades were perceived as an imaginative extension of the water’s optical qualities.

As much as this brief outline follows the rhetoric of Venetian Renaissance objects as depositories of particular material intertextuality, my point is to shift the debate towards sensuality that until now has been largely overlooked. In the context of Renaissance antiquarianism, theoretical divagations on the nature of fire were symptomatic of the revived interest in such classical sources as Pliny the Elder’s Natural History.

Far from the binarity of combustion and exhaustion, for Pliny fire was an element of special properties. As a life force in its own right, the fire was a crucial component of a whole range of phenomena including earthquakes or rain showers.

Objects discussed in this paper testify to the rise of a new pictorial language which saw fire as evocative energy capable of permuting states; constantly shifting between creation and destruction.

A local cultivar of sweet orange namely ‘Agege sweet’ constitutes a larger percentage among many citrus varieties planted in Nigeria, but there is a major setback in terms of extending its post-harvest shelf life. This work was designed to assess the effectiveness of a rhamnolipid coating to preserve the quality attributes of Agege sweet orange fruit during 8 wk ambient storage compared with that of Aloe vera gel. Petri plates were supplied with different treatments (volume per volume, v/v) of Aloe vera gel (0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5%) or rhamnolipid (0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5 %, 2.0%) and oranges were inoculated with a spore suspension of P. digitatum NSP01 spores. The solutions of rhamnolipid (2%) and Aloe vera gel (2%) were evaluated for their biocontrol activity on P. digitatum NSP01. The fruits were stored for 8 wk at 25ºC. The lesion area, firmness, and chemical composition were assessed. The oranges coated with Aloe vera gel and rhamnolipid significantly (p < 0.05) prevented loss in firmness, total soluble solids and titratable acidity and reduced the decay caused by P. digitatum NSP01. Therefore, the newly formulated rhamnolipid-Aloe vera edible coating could serve as a permanent substitute for chemical fungicides used in the management of diseases and pests affecting agricultural productivity.

BACKGROUND: Orange-fleshed sweetpotato (OFSP) can be used to tackle vitamin A deficiency, a major public health problem in most developing countries. In East Africa, common ways of using sweetpotato include drying and subsequent storage. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of drying and storage on the total carotenoid retention (as an estimate of provitamin A retention) from OFSP.RESULTS: Losses of total carotenoid during drying were generally low (15% or less). Total carotenoid retention in OFSP was not dependent on the type of dryer (solar or sun). Sweetpotato cultivar (Ejumula, Kakamega, SPK004/1, SPK004/1/1, SPK004/6 or SPK004/6/6) had a significant effect on retention in drying (P < 0.05). High percentage losses of total carotenoids were, however, correlated with high moisture content and high carotenoid content in fresh sweetpotato roots. After 4 months' storage at room temperature in Uganda, losses of total carotenoid in dried sweetpotato chips were high (about 70%) and this was not dependent on the use of opaque or transparent packaging.CONCLUSION: Losses of carotenoids during storage were considered to be more of a nutritional constraint to the utilisation of dried sweetpotato than losses occurring during drying. The relationship between characteristics of the cultivars and losses of carotenoids during drying should be taken into account in selection of cultivars for processing. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry