Purpose

FOREWORD The Making of Exhibitions: Purpose, Structure, Roles and Process explores the relationship between the operating characteristics of organizations, including their roles, and one of their most important functions: the making of exhibitions. Because of the great wealth of material in this area, it was necessary to establish boundaries on what was discussed. The paper includes several models of exhibition-making, discussions of their key properties, and examples of their use. The paper suggests that questioning the application of the models results in their refinement and in the recognition of the need to generate alternative models. Nevertheless, more research is needed concerning the total gestalt of museums, the ways in which exhibitions are made, and the quality of exhibitions. It is not sufficient to consider these components in isolation. Research should also seek to understand how structures, roles and processes play in the maintenance of the status quo. And, research s...

This paper aims to present a methodology to establish and integrate formal sustainability control systems (SCS) into management control systems (MCSs). The innovative approach aims at contributing to the need for SCS integration by permeating and transforming MCSs so that positive and negative externalities can be internalized into the financial performance measurement and reporting.
In an exploratory process, control systems were closely connected with financial accounting within four interrelated – ecologic, social, financial and knowledge-related – dimensions. Building on the action design research, multicriteria key performance indicators (KPI) for these dimensions were developed. Four value-based small and medium-sized enterprises of the food sector developed KPIs in interactive and participative workshops and interconnected their own business model with their sustainability principles. Constantly revising conformity, specific S.M.A.R.T. goals and related activities were defined, thereafter being used for KPI measures and for input in financial accounting.
The workshop series reveals the importance of including relevant stakeholders, multiple feedback loops and permanent dialogue to abolish cognitive barriers. The approach enables the development of multicriterial KPIs and identification of costs and benefits for an integrated financial accounting.

With the rise of Corporate Social Reporting (CSR) reporting, questions have emerged regarding its true utility; CSR reports may more closely resemble marketing materials than financial statements as much of the data companies provide can be cherry picked. For example in 2011, only 20% of S&P 500 companies published CSR reports vs 85% in 2017 and 90% in 2019. Why is this relevant for communicators? Because the responsibility of producing and promoting CSR reports very often falls under the responsibility of the corporate communications team. How to avoid "CSR-washing" and all the other "washing" incidents-green-washing, blue-washing, rainbow-washing, vegan-washing,...? How to focus on portraying the organization as a truly and authentic dedicated corporate citizen? In-depth interviews with 15 senior communication practitioners in Canada helped identify what are "authentic" and "responsible" communications in the CSR space: using facts and testimonials, being transparent, showing authenticity as well as demonstrate the clear alignment with the organization's purpose.

This phenomenological study examined the lived experiences of 7 women caregivers, who were between the ages of 45 and 75. The research question was, “What is the lived experience of women between age 45 and 75 who feel eudaimonic purpose as caregivers?” Eudaimonic well-being is the satisfaction or gratification that comes from personal development, or participating in meaningful, important work. Lack of attention to the virtuous and positive dimensions of caregiving seriously skews perceptions of the caregiver experience and limits the ability to enhance theories of caregiver adaptation. Five common themes emerged that capture the experience of eudaimonic purpose in middle-aged women caregivers: family, dedication, and commitment; autonomy and purpose; self-acceptance and self-care; care and compassion for others; and positive self-identity and lower subjective age. A central theme of mindfulness emerged during the final interview as it related to their future endeavors.

The present-day Muslims, in addressing the con­temporary issue of governance, may not necessa­rily have to object to the way, or ways, it has been understood and defined by their Western counter­parts. Yet, they can still offer a more rather refined description of it which, as this article suggests,may come in the form of tadbīr being an essential constituent of governance. By elaborating on the concept projected by the term through a detailed explanation of its basic and derived meanings, both lexically and within the context of the Qurʾān and the Prophetic Traditions, as well as their vari­ous ethico-teleological implications, the article basically demonstrates that tadbīr in the religious, intellectual and scientific tradition of Islām is both thinking and act which are organically aimed at obtai­ning good outcomes and, when specifically applied to man, means the intellectual deliberation over the out­come of an affair, followed either by its implementation if the outcome is praiseworthy or its rejection if the result is estimated to be blameworthy.

For full article please visit
http://tafhim.ikim.gov.my/index.php/tafhim/article/view/24

Resumen: En este artículo analizo comparativamente el propósito de desterrar la lectura de los libros de caballerías según se expone en el Quijote de Cervantes y en el de Avellaneda. Discuto la recepción de dicho género literario en los siglos xvi y xvii en España y analizo algunas representaciones ideológicas sobre las que debió basarse Avellaneda para desafiar a su antecesor y que probablemente definieron su tratamiento tanto de la risa como de los grupos sociales representados por nobles y campesinos.

Abstract: This paper analyzes comparatively Cervantes’ and Avellaneda’s purpose of banishing the reading of chivalry books. Firstly, it discusses the reception of this literary genre during the
xvi and xvii centuries in Spain. Secondly, it analyzes some ideological representations which may have guided Avellaneda in defying his predecessor and which probably defined the way he dealt with laughter and social groups represented by nobles and peasants.

This paper describes strategies leading to a method for use by teachers when recording assessments of the affective attributes (e.g. motivation, persistence, cooperation, responsibility, empathy etc) and espoused values of students in subject based and Values in Action activities. The context is Values Driven Education and Values in Action initiatives, as set out by the Ministry of Education in Singapore. A more specific focus is the need for the assessment of qualities, attributes and forms of performance that are not amenable to specification and the production of evidence. The basis for this work is forms of assessment similar to those used in graded examinations of music, dance, and drama. Two initiatives are described, one in relation to a programme of emotional, behavioural and reflective learning developed by the author and staff at The Manchester College, England, which is now being used in schools, colleges and offender education; and secondly the use of Performance Based Values Focused Learning in Singaporean settings. Assessment strategies are described and comparisons made between this type of assessment and criterion referenced approaches. Consideration is given to issues of reliability and fitness for purpose in relation to this type of performance assessment, quality assurance, standardisation of results and reporting (e.g. to parents and for management information). Practical examples are given and their applications briefly discussed in the context of related research and literature. Work in progress is reported on and conclusions drawn about the validity and reliability of affective assessments in the settings described.

MAD statement: The intention of this annual editorial is to Make A Difference (MAD) through outlining suggestions to where we need to direct future organisational change and leadership discourse, research and practitioner efforts. Engaging in immensely important fields of study and practice, we have a responsibility to assist the sustainable development of organisations and the wider society. Much good work is undertaken in support of the further development of both theory and practice. However, I do observe in my role as editor-in-chief a sustained tendency amongst both scholars and practitioners of being stuck in a quagmire peddling a dominant orthodoxy that is somewhat lacking in progress, initiative and imagination (it still sells articles, books, courses and seminars though…). Becoming unstuck through reframing the challenges we are facing is required for our work to stay relevant, and it takes real and conscious effort to make this happen. Or blood, toil, tears and sweat as Churchill would put it.

This study aimed at gaining insights into the Iranian graduate students’ attitudes toward English language and the current education policies in addition to the purposes for which they learn the foreign language. Based on a mixed methods design, the study collected the required quantitative and qualitative data using a questionnaire and in-depth interviews. A purposive sample of 30 MA students from Razi University completed the questionnaire and 15 volunteers participated in the interview. The findings of this case study seem to indicate that Iranian higher education students hold positive attitudes toward English and the purposes for which they learn the foreign language. The participants, however, seemed to hold negative attitudes toward the current education policies. The study finally recommended that the participants’ dissatisfaction with the current English language education curriculum offered in the universities, textbooks, and teaching methods should be taken into considera...

This forum paper is based on a friendly and informative interview conducted with Professor Ann M. Johns. In providing answers to the interview questions, Professor Johns suggests that all good teaching is ESP, and also distinguishes between EOP and ESP in that the former entails much more “just in time” learning while the latter may be directed more at “just in case.” She further adds ‘context’ as the sixth enduring conception to the list of the five concepts which, according to Swales (1990), underlie ESP. She further suggests that (a) Register Analysis, (b) Rhetorical Discourse Analysis, (c) Target Language Use Situation Analysis, and (d) Genre Analysis have had a major role in the development of ESP. As for CBI or CLIL, she suggests that there is much more to ESP than content, and emphasizes that ESP can account for the changing needs of learners in the twenty-first century by employing effective on-going needs assessment and target situation analysis. Towards the end of the interview, she presents her views on the future direction of ESP by suggesting that more serious research into target situations is needed, and invites ESP specialists to be more open, flexible, and sensitive to context.

The foundation assumption of this essay is that a person is an etheric personality entangled with a human body for a lifetime. And, that a person enters into a lifetime to gain understanding about the nature of reality through daily living experiences. It is argued here that part of gaining maturity is learning to manage the influence of human instincts while responding to the urge inherited from our etheric nature to turn toward particular experiences. Understanding is seen as the objective. Curiosity is seen as the perspective. Mindfulness is seen as a way of life.

Experiences of mass trauma carry powerful intergenerational effects involving both vulnerability and strengths, and often leave indelible imprints and legacies across generations. A qualitative phenomenological pilot study was conducted to explore the lived experiences of second and third-generation descendants of Polish resistance fighters and survivors of the Second World War, which examined the impact of the war on descendants, as well as the potential for posttraumatic growth. The following research questions guided the study: 1) What features of trauma and posttraumatic growth are transmitted from Poles who survived the Nazi Era (1939-1945) to their children and grandchildren?; 2) What legacies and life lessons are passed down to second and third generation descendants?; 3) How is present day outlook influenced by having been a descendant of a fighter and/or survivor?; and, 4) How do descendants experience western society’s awareness and recognition of Poland’s suffering during...

Facing our complex (global) challenges in a rapidly changing, unpredictable, and uncertain world begs the question of how we can bring about innovations that have a reasonable and sustainable purpose and that shape and lead to thriving and novel futures.
The claim of this paper is that, in order to bring forth such purposeful innovations and novelty, it is necessary to turn things on their head: instead of learning from the past  and extrapolating past knowledge/experiences into the future, we have to start from the future. In this context Scharmer’s Theory U plays an important role as one of its main claims is to understand change and innovation as “Learning from the future as it emerges.“ (Scharmer 2007, p 52)
The goal of this paper is (i) to develop an alternative approach to innovation that is driven by future potentials. (ii) By doing so, we will develop an epistemological/ontological framework providing a theoretical foundation both for Theory U and, as we refer to it, for Emergent Innovation. Bloch´s "not yet", Aristotle´s potentials (vs. actuality), S.Kauffman´s "adjacent possibles", Ingold´s "correspondence", as well as Scharmer´s "Source" and "Higher Purpose" play a central role in this approach.
We will show that innovation is not so much dependent on the (creative) activity of an agent/innovator. Rather, we suggest to turn things on their head: if we want to shape an unfolding reality in an open-ended and purposeful manner, we have to acknowledge that we have to give up epistemic control and have to engage in an emergent process of co-becoming and co-creation with future potentials. We have to learn how to listen to, identify, and cultivate the emergent purpose/final cause and that it will "pull" us towards a sustainable innovation.
In the last part of this paper we will discuss practical implications for organizations, skills and mindsets, Theory U, as well as for innovation strategies.

Diplomsko delo obravnava pregled ter analizo 178 stavb, za katere je bila izdana računska energetska izkaznica v letih 2014 in 2015 izvajalca energetskih izkaznic s številko licence izdelovalca energetskih izkaznic 009. Podatki obsegajo računske energetske izkaznice, med katerimi je bila večina (159) izdelanih za stanovanjske in manjši delež (19) za nestanovanjske stavbe. Analiza obsega primerjavo računskih energetskih izkaznic glede na tri ključne dejavnike energijske učinkovitosti stavb: starost, namembnost in energijski razred. Poleg analize naštetih parametrov, se izdela tudi primerjavo med prenovljenimi ter neprenovljenimi stavbami. Kot je bilo pričakovati, imajo novejše in starejše prenovljene stavbe iz leta v leto boljše energijske razrede, kar je posledica neprestanega zaostrovanja zahtev po učinkoviti rabi energije za ogrevanje stavb v Sloveniji.The work deals with an overview and energy performance analysis of 178 buildings (energy performance certificate), which were issu...

Background The First World War saw the evolution and development of three great surgical specialties: orthopaedic surgery, thoracic surgery and plastic/maxillofacial surgery. This last specialty came of age during the carnage of some of the bloodiest battles in history and required a close relationship between plastic surgeon and dentist in the management of facial injuries. Whereas the plastic surgeon dealt with the soft tissues, the hard tissue structures of the teeth and facial bones were managed by dental surgeons who, in turn, worked closely with the dental technicians who manufactured the appliances used to fix and immobilise the facial skeleton. The pioneers of facial plastic surgery included Harold Gillies, Percy Pickerill and later Archibald McIndoe and Rainsford Mowlem – four plastic surgeons with strong New Zealand connections. Purpose This article is an historical appreciation of the development of plastic and maxillofacial surgery especially during the First World War w...

The problem with our organisations and corporations is nowhere more stark than when business leaders claim that “The business of business is business” and public leaders add, “The current system is failing due to the past.” In the main, a syndrome of selfishness concerned with economic personhood has taken hold of our private and public organisations, and it has left us spiritless, uninspired and confused about our own values. Many (but not all) leaders seem to have developed an instinctive paranoia towards their moral contract to make a positive contribution to society. It’s as if the steady diet of half-truths and narrow paradigms fed to them over time has wiped their greater consciousness that true and lasting happiness comes when you stop treating the world as if it were just a backdrop to your own journey.

— There is a strong desire amongst people to have colour in the shady areas of their landscapes. But shade-loving plants generally are not richly or brightly coloured. Ornamental coleus is an inconspicuous flower bearing ornamental plants which can act as a colorful option for shady landscape. Ornamental coleus is a promising ornamental foliage plant which provides a bold texture and a thick density for shady landscape. With this background, collection, conservation and evaluation of different ornamental coleus types / varieties carried out at ICAR-Central Coastal Agricultural Research Institute, Goa. Twenty four different types / varieties of ornamental coleus have been collected, maintained and evaluated for their suitability for landscape use. Significant differences were observed among different coleus types / varieties for various morphological and quality parameters. Plant height , number of leaves, number of branches, Stem girth, Length of leaf with petiole, Petiole length, leaf width, Length of leaf without petiole varied from 42.00 cm (Juicy Lucy)-89.67 cm (Eruption), 24.89 (Gay Delight)-72.00 (Trailing Queen), 3.00 (Mahogany Giant)-8.67 (Eruption), 0.563 cm (Blusher)-0.817 cm (Eruption), 11.03 cm (Tilt a Whirl)-18.83cm (Grape expectations), 2.07 cm (Pistachio Nightmare)-6.00 cm (Eruption), 5.50 cm(Trailing Queen)-10.83 cm(Grape expectations), 8.33cm(Tilt a Whirl)-14.78 cm (Grape expectations) respectively. Different ornamental coleus used in the present study exhibited an incredible range of diversity for various traits and it could be recommended to function for various purposes in landscaping like beds, borders, hedges, planters, hanging baskets, vertical gardens or containers.

This study examined university students’ self-efficacy and attitudes for employing vocabulary strategies in four learning contexts. The contexts are characterized by input modality (reading vs. listening) and purpose (academic vs. leisure). Another goal was to compare the self-efficacy and attitudes between English learners (ELs) and native speakers. A total of 112 participants responded to four short scenarios by rating their self-efficacy and attitudes toward employing vocabulary strategies under each scenario. Among the results, students reported higher self-efficacy using morphological analysis and dictionary use when reading and higher self-efficacy to seek help when learning for academic purpose. There were no differences in their attitudes. ELs reported lower selfefficacy for using morphological analysis, contextual analysis, and help-seeking than native speakers, but no difference in using dictionaries.

Experiences of mass trauma carry powerful intergenerational effects involving both vulnerability and strengths, and often leave indelible imprints and legacies across generations. A qualitative phenomenological pilot study was conducted to explore the lived experiences of second and third-generation descendants of Polish resistance fighters and survivors of the Second World War, which examined the impact of the war on descendants, as well as the potential for posttraumatic growth. The following research questions guided the study: 1) What features of trauma and posttraumatic growth are transmitted from Poles who survived the Nazi Era (1939–1945) to their children and grandchildren?; 2) What legacies and life lessons are passed down to second and third generation descendants?; 3) How is present day outlook influenced by having been a descendant of a fighter and/or survivor?; and, 4) How do descendants experience western society’s awareness and recognition of Poland’s suffering during...

The essays collected in this special issue explore what legitimacy means for actors and institutions that do not function like traditional states but nevertheless wield significant power in the global realm. They are connected by the idea that the specific purposes of non-state actors and the contexts in which they operate shape what it means for them to be legitimate and so shape the standards of justification that they have to meet. In this introduction, we develop this guiding methodology further and show how the special issue’s individual contributions apply it to their cases. In the first section, we provide a sketch of our purpose-dependent theory of legitimacy beyond the state. We then highlight two features of the institutional context beyond the state that set it apart from the domestic case: problems of feasibility and the structure of international law.