Acceptance

Background: Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is the causative agent of cervical cancer. Vaccination against HPV is an effective strategy against cervical cancer. This study aimed to assess the acceptance of HPV vaccination for cervical cancer prevention and its relationship with knowledge and attitude about HPV vaccination among students.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 360 female students at Bushehr University of Medical Sciences in 2018. Students were recruited using proportional stratified random sampling method. Data was gathered using a questionnaire about knowledge, attitude and effective factors of HPV vaccine acceptance. Descriptive analysis, chi-square, independent sample t-test, and logistic regression were used to analyze the data in SPSS-16.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).  The significance level was set at P < 0.05.
Results: 56.4% of students had poor knowledge while 54.1% were willing to accept HPV vaccination as well as 43% who had positive attitude towards HPV vaccination. Paramedical students were 96% more likely to accept the HPV vaccination compared to health sciences faculty students (OR= 1.96; 95% CI= 1.04-3.68; p=0.036).  Also, for each unit increase in the HPV knowledge score, students were 15% more likely to accept the vaccine (OR= 1.15; 95% CI= 1.07-1.24; p <0.001). Moreover, for each unit increase in attitude score, students were 16% more likely willing to accept HPV vaccine (OR= 1.16; 95% CI=1.08 -1.28; p =0.002).
Conclusions: It is necessary to implement on HPV vaccination for students. Inclusion of HPV vaccine in the National Program on Immunization would also be an effective strategy for improving HPV vaccination.

The Department of Education in the Philippines implemented the Enhanced Basic Education Curriculum in 2013 which led to the creation of Senior High School Program. Studies showed the importance of the support of stakeholders to the success of an educational reform. Thus, it is significant to consider the acceptance of the new curriculum. This descriptive-correlational study sought to determine the acceptability of the Senior High School STEM program and correlate it to the difficulty level of problems along its implementation. Findings showed that there was low acceptability of the new curriculum among stakeholders. It also revealed that the major problems along the implementation of the curriculum were on the areas of Facility and Instructional Materials, and that the difficulty level of the problems was high. Finally, it was found out that there was significant inverse correlation between the curriculum's acceptability level and the problems' difficulty level. Thus, the study concludes that the acceptability level of curriculum is significantly related to the difficulty level of the problems encountered by the school along its implementation. The researcher recommends that a series of information-dissemination programs be conducted to raise awareness on the significance of the STEM Curriculum among the stakeholders of the school. Interventions were also proposed to address the problems

In a time where video games are one of the most popular and influential medias of today, it was only a matter of time before gender inequality evolved within the virtual world. However, there are multiple views on how this divide is perceived, with arguments in literature on both sides of the dispute. This research project aims to investigate the relationship between women and video games, addressing four separate topics in the process: representation, experiences, identity, and acceptance. Each one will be examined in turn and then analysed using available literature, whilst questionnaires will be used to collect primary data from participants. The results from both literature and data collection found that sexism is prevalent within the virtual, gaming community, and gaming industry worlds, and is acknowledged by both genders, although accepted more by women. Although literature found that sexism is prominent, it failed to acknowledge individual perceptions. This research project aims to explore views and experiences of real people to help bring to light existing problems that women are faced with every day.

Difficulty in accessing health care due to inequitable distribution has been a continuous challenge in developing countries. Insurance is a veritable tool for curbing these challenges, as proved in developed countries with assuring results. Nigeria in her efforts to tackle this problem introduced the national health insurance scheme. However, acceptance and satisfaction with the NHIS are obstacles to the achievement of its objectives. The aim of the study is to assess the level of acceptance and satisfaction with the national health insurance scheme among civil servants in Sokoto metropolis. The study was a cross sectional descriptive study conducted in Sokoto metropolis among civil servants who are currently accessing NHIS service. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 425 participants. Data was collected using semi-structured self-administered questionnaires and was analyzed using MS Excel Spread sheet 2016. A total 425 respondents were interviewed and their mean age was 41.75 ± 9.3 years and majority were males (282) 66.4%, Most of the respondents (311)73.2% where Hausa/fulani and Muslims (349) 82.1%, the overall Acceptance of NHIS was Good, (272) 64% however only 190 (44.7%) are satisfied with the scheme. The study showed that there is good acceptance of the scheme by civil servants in the metropolis, by the scheme is yet to meet their expectation, thus the poor satisfaction.

According to Bas van Fraassen, scientific realists and anti-realists disagree about whether accepting a scientific theory involves believing that the theory is true. On van Fraassen's own anti-realist empiricist position, accepting a theory involves believing only that the theory is correct in its claims about observable aspects of the world. However, a number of philosophers have argued that acceptance and belief cannot be distinguished and thus that the debate is either confused or trivially settled in favor of the realist. In addition, another set of philosophers have argued that van Fraassen's empiricist position appeals to an unmotivated distinction between observable and unobservable aspects of the world. This paper aims to reconstruct a van Fraassen-style empiricism about scientific acceptance that avoids these two objections -- reconstructed empiricism.

In recent years, a new ‘‘wave’’ of mindfulness based Cognitive Behavior Therapies (CBT) has become popular. Such approaches include Accep- tance and Commitment Therapy (ACT; Acceptance and commitment therapy: An experiential approach to behaviour change. New York: Guilford Press, 1999), Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy for Depression (Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for depression: A new approach to preventing relapse. New York: Guilford Press, 2002), and Mindfulness-based Stress Management (Full catastrophe living: using the wisdom of your body and mind to face stress, pain, and illness. New York: Dell Publishing, 1990). In contrast to traditional CBT, these approaches often minimize attempts to change the form and frequency of dysfunctional thoughts. Is there any way to integrate traditional CBT with mindfulness based CBT? To answer this question, we discuss the philosophical and theoretical underpinnings of one form of traditional CBT (Rational-Emotive and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy) and one form of mindfulness based CBT (ACT). We argue that some aspects of each therapy can be integrated. However, in order to prevent techniques from being used haphazardly or inconsistently, we suggest that the different forms of CBT need to be driven by a common philosophical orientation (e.g., functional contextualism) and theoretical orientation (e.g., Relational Frame Theory).

The COVID 19 pandemic has forced the education sector to switch to online learning. To make the transition a success, there is a need to understand students' perception towards online learning and design a learning experience around it. Thus, the aim of this paper is to identify students' perceptions towards online learning in terms of motivation, task engagement and acceptance. The systematic literature review method was used to search for relevant papers and synthesize the findings. 40 articles from the year 2020 obtained from Google Scholar. It is found that the most used method in studying students' perception is the quantitative method and students' acceptance was the most discussed topic. It is also found that the primary factors influencing motivation and acceptance are sense of ownership and accessibility respectively. In terms of task engagement, only half of the findings reveal that students are engaged in online learning. In summary, the three main constructs are important items that should be taken into consideration when teaching an online course to ensure the success of the course. Through this systematic review, future research can identify and explore different areas and perspectives on this topic.

This descriptive survey investigated trainee teachers' acceptance of the integration of Information Communication Technology (ICT) in lesson delivery. Federal Capital Territory (FCT) College of Education (COE), Zuba with a population of 4,860 students served as case study. 420 students including males and females were randomly selected from the five schools in the college. A researcher-made questionnaire was the instrument for data collection while the instruments for data analysis were the simple percentage and frequency count. Out of the 420 questionnaires distributed, only 400 were retrieved and used for the study. Some research questions were asked to guide the study. Findings showed that: ICT literacy level of the trainee teachers of FCT COE Zuba was not high, the response of trainee teachers to ICT-driven lessons was reasonably high, lack of ICT-compliant staff and constant power outage/non-availability of alternative sources of power, Poor access to ICT resources which makes it difficult for teachers to use ICT in teaching, high cost of ICT usage and Insufficient time to review and inculcate ICT materials into lessons are factors affecting integration of ICT into lesson delivery, FCT COE Zuba has insufficient technical resources to appropriate ICT into lesson delivery. Appropriate recommendations were proffered and relevant conclusion drawn.

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Rational- Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) seem to have much in common. For example, they both seek to increase clientÕs willingness to accept inevitable, unpleasant experience. However, the techniques the therapies use to increase acceptance are often quite different. Building on the philosophical and theo- retical framework presented in the previous paper, we discuss the major practical differences between ACT and REBT. We then suggest some concrete ways that the two approaches can be integrated. Such integration may greatly expand the sorts of techniques that a therapist can effectively use in the therapy room.

Modern contraceptive use can enhance the living standard and reduce mortality among people living in rural and urban areas. However, contraceptive use tends to be low in the rural than the urban populace. A descriptive, cross-sectional study of systematic sampling technique was used to select 570 persons of reproductive age in the rural and urban communities of Oyo State. A semi-structured questionnaire on socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitude and factors influencing uptake of modern contraceptives was administered to respondents. of the 570 respondents, the mean age was 34.3 ±8.4 years. The majority (63.3%) were female compared to 36.7% male respondents. Most (97.0%) of respondents had heard of family planning in the past. The result shows significant differences in location, gender, marital status, occupation, ethnicity, and a number of children (P<0.001). The majority (33.3%) of the respondents sourced family planning information from health care providers, while 31.3% sourced theirs from mass media-Radio, TV, or newspapers. Respondents in urban areas were currently using family planning methods than respondents in rural areas (61.8% vs. 38.2%). People in the urban area are 2.344 times the odds of utilizing any family planning compared to people in rural area (95% CI 1.495, 3.676). Urban and rural disposition to modern contraception services is influenced by economic, socio-cultural, environmental factors, location, age, educational, traditional beliefs, religion, family type, and level of knowledge. Although some signs of progress have been made in family planning at the communities, more work needs to be done. Men need to be actively involved, and other fears about family planning addressed.

To what degree are rolling, or layered, contracts binding? A number of courts, starting with the now infamous case of ProCD, Inc. v. Zeidenberg, have held that, rather than a contract for the sale of a good, such as a computer, being completed in-store, the contract is formed when deferred terms found inside the package are reviewed by the buyer and accepted by some act -- usually use of the good (or declining to return it). This approach, which has been called the rolling contract, has been widely criticized by commentators as an abomination of contract law that ignores a true application of the Uniform Commercial Code (“UCC”) as well as the spirit of that code. The approach is not without its allure, however, as it permits contracts to be formed in an efficient manner that may very well appeal to consumers and merchants alike. However, too strict of an adherence to the approach threatens to impose terms upon parties that they never expected or agreed upon. But the opposite is also true -- too strict of an adherence to traditional roles of offer and acceptance threatens to displace terms that were contemplated and not objectionable to the consumer. Thus, rather than relegating the rolling contract approach to a dark corner of contract law in favor of a more traditional approach, this article proposes that the rolling contract should be rehabilitated.

Existing contract law does a good job of defining contract offers. However, what is the trickier issue, particularly when a transaction involves an initial oral component, is identifying when the offer is actually made. In other words, when is it fair to say that an offer is made in-store by the buyer, and when is it fair to say that the in-store interaction is nothing more than a preliminary event to the actual offer, which comes later when the buyer gets home and opens the product? Legal realism, which was a foundational principle driving the drafting of the Restatement (Second) of Contracts, as well as the UCC, may offer some insights into how to approach the rolling contract theory. But so may a more recent approach to contract law -- the relational contract approach. Relational contract theory, which essentially treats contracts not as isolated events but ongoing relationships, provides a useful way of making this determination.

Relational contract theory has its roots in the writings of Ian Macneil who believed most contracts were rarely, if ever, fully thought-out and expressed representations of the parties’ obligations. It would therefore seem to be a logical extension of both legal realism and relational contract theory that certain situations exist where the parties expect that a contract has not been fully formed in the store, but rather further terms, i.e., the formal “offer,” will come later. If parties to a contract know that there is more to the contract than simply the price and the good, then it should come as no surprise that more terms are to come, or that a more detailed offer will be forthcoming. Thus, in some scenarios, it is perfectly reasonable to assume that the contract has not been formed in-store, but rather a deferred offer will come later. Thus rolling contract theory can be explained under a legal realism approach, as influenced by a relational approach; however, this is not to say that all contracts are now subject to the rolling contract approach. As this article explains, some contracts really are formed at the point of contact under a relational contract approach. The challenge to the courts is to determine which will be which. This article describes how legal realism and the relational contract theory can be used to explain the rolling contract approach and makes suggestions for how this relational contract theory can be used to aid courts in determining which contracts involve a rolling or deferred offer.

Abstract Objective – The aim of this study is to propose and prove a theoretical integrative model which allows determining the relative importance of a new mobile payment system as well as the analysis of possible moderator effects of the age of its potential users within new electronic environments. Design/methodology/approach – To carry out this research, a web experiment based on a general population sample was conducted, in order to analyze the proposed model of behavior towards a new mobile payment system. Findings – Empirical results demonstrate that the suggested behavior pattern has an adequate adjustment showing that the age of users causes significant differences in the proposed connections between subjective rules and the facility of use and confidence, and again this last one in regard to the facility of use and the attitude toward that use. Practical implications – The conclusions and implications for management provide alternatives to consolidate this new business opportunity under the new technological developments. Originality/value – This paper is a pioneer study about the acceptance of mobile payment systems.

Objective The present study tries to examine the effective factors contributing to the acceptance of people
with disability in the society.
Materials & Methods The study included 4058 disabled persons supported by Welfare Organization of
Shahrekord (2474 motional-physical, 673 eyesight, and 911 hearing disability). According to quota sampling
method, the statistical sample was 352, which consisted of 58 blind, 80 deaf and 214 motionalphysical
people with disability. A researcher-made questionnaire was used for gathering the data. Face
validity method and Cronbach’s alpha test were used for determining the validity and reliability of the
questionnaire. The questionnaire was affirmed by advisor and experienced professor and by using Cronbach’s
alpha method for variables of social acceptance of people with disability, social capital, family
support, manner of spending leisure, presenting rehabilitation services, transportation facilities, mass
media programs, personality characteristics and training, which were found to be 82%, 86%, 94%, 82%,
93%, 85%, 79%, 92% and 87%, respectively.
Results Results of Pearson correlation coefficient showed that there was a significant relationship among
variables such as social capital, transportation facilities, manner of spending the leisure, presenting
rehabilitation services, training and entrepreneur, social media programs, personality characteristics,
family support and acceptance of people with disability (P<0.001). There was no relationship between
variables such as type (P=0.108), history (P=0.531) and reason of disability (P=0.427) and acceptance
of people with disability in the society. According to the results of variance analysis and t-test in terms
of demographic characteristics of people with disability, there was no significant difference between
gender (P=0.071) and age (P=0.498) and acceptance of people with disability. But, there was a significant
difference between education level, occupation of people with disability, and their societal acceptance
(P<0.001). People with disability who were highly educated had a higher acceptance in the society.
Also, there was a significant difference between marital status (P=0.032) and education level of spouse
(P=0.046) and acceptance of people with disability.
The most important effective factors on acceptance of people with a disability include social capital
(B=0.240), family (B=0.198), type of disability (B=0.164), social media programs (B=0.163), transportation
facilities (B=0.159), and entrepreneur and training (B=0.129).
Conclusion Acceptance of people with disability is necessary for their presence in the society and their
social relations. We should provide the opportunity for their presence in the society and improve their
life through creating proper conditions and possibilities.

Police officers are at particular risk of stress when compared to people in other occupational groups. A compounding factor isthat police are prone to the use of avoidant coping strategies when attempting to deal with this stress. Evidence suggests that‘‘anti-avoidance’’ strategies, of acceptance, mindfulness and emotional awareness, are more effective ways of coping, and arelinked to both mental health and personal effectiveness. This study followed 60 trainee police officers from the recruit phaseinto the workplace to determine if these processes predicted more positive mental health and wellbeing in police recruits after1 year of service. Mindfulness predicted depression at follow-up, while emotion identification skill predicted general mentalhealth. These results suggest that police officers and police organisations may benefit from interventions aimed at developingand promoting mindfulness and emotion identification.

The Department of Education in the Philippines implemented the Enhanced Basic Education Curriculum in 2013 which led to the creation of Senior High School Program. Studies showed the importance of the support of stakeholders to the success of an educational reform. Thus, it is significant to consider the acceptance of the new curriculum. This descriptive-correlational study sought to determine the acceptability of the Senior High School STEM program and correlate it to the difficulty level of problems along its implementation. Findings showed that there was low acceptability of the new curriculum among stakeholders. It also revealed that the major problems along the implementation of the curriculum were on the areas of Facility and Instructional Materials, and that the difficulty level of the problems was high. Finally, it was found out that there was significant inverse correlation between the curriculum&#39;s acceptability level and the problems&#39; difficulty level. Thus, the st...

What are economic exchanges? The received view has it that exchanges are mutual transfers of goods motivated by inverse valuations thereof. As a corollary, the standard approach treats exchanges of services as a subspecies of exchanges of goods. We raise two objections against this standard approach. First, it is

Akinek van kínai, arab vagy afrikai ismerőse, az elfogadóbb a láthatóan más külföldi csoportokkal kapcsolatban - derül ki a Tárki 2011-ben lekérdezett „Migráns esélyek és tapasztalatok” című, az Európai Integrációs Alapból finanszírozott kutatásából.

Aims/Objectives: Acceptance of chronic pain is related to active patient engagement in valued aspects of life. This study sought to prospectively evaluate acceptance and patient functioning in a Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)-based chronic pain management program. Methods: Participants in this study were 184 consecutive adult patients with heterogeneous pain admitted to a interdisciplinary four-week Chronic Pain Management Program (CPMP) who completed self-report questionnaires at admission and discharge. Measures examined pain perception, psychological/emotional and social aspects of patient experience with chronic pain. Acceptance was evaluated by the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ). 1 Results: Patients showed all-round improvement after program completion. Consistent with other studies, higher acceptance scores at admission were associated with more overall positive change at discharge. In addition, greater increase in acceptance scores at discharge was also associated with greater improvement in other variables. However, no significant change was shown in the Pain Willingness subscale of the CPAQ. Discussion: This study provides a new understanding of the relationship of acceptance of chronic pain with patient functioning in a CBT-oriented pain management program. Results suggest that engaging in activity regardless of pain is an important program goal. This is directly measured by the Activity Engagement component of the CPAQ, which increases following participation in a CBT-based CPMP. Study findings also differ from some previous research and suggest that Pain Willingness may be a poor predictor of patient functioning. Limitations: Results were obtained from patients at an interdisciplinary program and may not be generalized to the entire chronic pain population. Also, these results only demonstrate associations between acceptance and other variables, not causality. In addition , patients in this study served as their own controls (admission-discharge) thus the study lacks a true control group. Conclusion: This study extends previous research by contributing needed prospective data on the relationship between acceptance and patient functioning.

Self-esteem is one of the most pertinent notions that has enjoyed a long period of interest. Researchers' findings on self-esteem posit that a healthy level of self-esteem usually results in positive outcomes and reflects on behaviours, performances and even personal handwriting. Thus, the current paper highlights the eminence of self-esteem for foreign/second language teachers. It also aims at, not only measuring, but also examining the connection between sundry self-esteem' elements. First, in order to demonstrate the significance of self-esteem' implication in teaching, a general definition to the teaching process is necessary. Second, we will essay to explain the main methodology and the primary tools selected. Finally, on the data analysis and interpretation, we will endeavour to suggest some techniques that can upsurge self-esteem.

Although Pakistan is listed as a highly intolerant country, this intolerance has rarely been investigated in the context of Pakistan. The current study aims to provide a contextual account of religious tolerance in Pakistan with a special focus on schools (including madrasas) and religiosity. Building on the pre-existing literature we tested to what extent madrasas, secular (worldly) education schools, and individual religiosity explain religious tolerance among students. We measured four dimensions of religious tolerance: freedom, respect, discrimination, and acceptance. Random sampling techniques were used to collect data from students (N = 937) of madrasas and mainstream schools. Structural equational modelling analyses revealed that madrasa students were least tolerant of religious minorities and private school students were the most tolerant. The study also found that the higher the religiosity of an individual, the lower their levels of religious tolerance, particularly, among...

Coronavirus is an ongoing global viral disease firstly identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019, hence its name Covid-19. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared Covid-19 as a pandemic with Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). People get infected when they inhale small airborne particles or droplets exhaled by a Covid-19 infected person. Some of the recommended preventive measures include social or physical distancing, covering the mouth when sneezing or coughing, wearing of face masks and regular hand wash. A multi-stage sampling method was used to select the study locations, hospitals, healthcare departments and survey groups. A quantitative method-using structured questionnaires was used. Statistical analysis was conducted using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 26. Out of the 1004 participants that were surveyed, 864 responses were retrieved. The bulk of the respondents (59%) were male. Knowledge of Covid-19 was poor, 24.3%, while acceptance of Covid-19 vaccination was high (74.2%). Important predictors of Covid-19 vaccination are the number of years in service, marital status, designated work, and type of medical facility. Knowledge of Covid-19 is low, but acceptance of its vaccination was high among the study population. This could be due to fear of contacting the disease early plus the associated high mortality among the study population. There is a need for an enlightenment campaign to increase knowledge and further improve acceptance of the Covid-19 vaccination.