SANAA

[ESP] Los fenómenos atmosféricos, como las nubes o la niebla, en su manifestación más sutil, son muy apreciados por la cultura japonesa, lo que se aprecia particularmente en la literatura, la poesía o la pintura. Estos fenómenos, efímeros en su propia naturaleza, se asocian a un determinado pathos típicamente japonés, el mono no aware, que valora las cosas leves y fugaces por su propia condición cambiante y perecedera, así como por su asociación con la condición efímera de la vida humana. Estas cualidades tienen su presencia innegable en la arquitectura tradicional, muy vinculada al paisaje en el que se asienta y de naturaleza perecedera por su propia materialidad, y ya en el siglo XX y principios del XXI, la arquitectura japonesa ha buscado reestablecer una relación con la naturaleza que parecía haber desaparecido. Para ello, no sólo ha tratado de retomar la cercanía perdida, recurriendo a métodos compositivos tradicionales adaptados a los nuevos materiales, necesidades y realidades urbanas, sino que ha buscado nuevas maneras de establecer una relación poética con lo que la que rodea. Uno de los mecanismos más extendidos para conseguirlo ha sido el empleo de la metáfora, asociando el objeto arquitectónico a una imagen que le sirve de referente formal o conceptual. Es en este contexto en el que la nube, desde diversas manifestaciones, se ha revelado como una imagen fructífera a la hora de actuar como referente arquitectóni [ENG] Subtle  atmospheric  phenomena,  such  as  clouds  or  mist,  are  highly  appreciated  by  Japanese  culture,  which  is  clearly  manifested  in  literature, poetry or painting. These phenomena, ephemeral in their very nature, are associated with a certain typically Japanese pathos, the mono no aware, which appreciates light and fleeting things for their own changing and perishable condition, as well as for their association with the ephemeral condition of human life. These qualities are undeniably present in traditional architecture, closely linked to the landscape in  which  it  is  set  and  perishable  in  nature  by  its  very  materiality,  and  in  the  20th  and  early  21st  centuries,  Japanese  architecture  has  sought to re-establish a relationship with nature that seemed to have disappeared. To this end, it has not only tried to re-establish the lost closeness, resorting to traditional compositional methods adapted to new materials, needs and urban realities, but has also sought new ways of establishing a poetic relationship with its surroundings. One of the most widespread mechanisms for achieving this has been the use of metaphor, associating the architectural object with an image that serves as a formal or conceptual reference. It is in this context that the cloud, in its various manifestations, has proved to be a productive image when it comes to acting as an architectural referen

The intensity and diversity of human activities in public open spaces are indicators of their success and high quality. Although some studies addressed the relationship between the quality of open spaces and their use, none has comprehensively addressed the intensity and diversity of use and users. This study attempts to develop the Mehta method 2007 “GPSI” for measuring the quality of public open spaces, by adding the spatial dimension and using the time dimension more widely. Procedures for developing a tool for measuring the intensity and diversity of use (IDU) were applied to four selected public open spaces in Sana’a city in Yemen by the survey studies. The tool of (IDU) includes the intensity of temporal use, the intensity of spatial use, the intensity of social use, diversity of age and gender, the intensity of stay, and the intensity of activities. This study used the perception of architects and urban designers to determine the quality of public space (QPS). It then examined the correlation between IDU and QPS using Pearson correlation coefficients. The results show significant correlations between indexes of IDU and QPS.

Nous pensons que certaines traditions d’Afrique subsaharienne reposent sur d’autres formes de rationalité que celles auxquelles nous assujettit la logique aristotélicienne. Dans bien des cas, le formalisme mathématique aide à les mettre en évidence, sans pour autant permettre d’en expliciter le mode de fonctionnement. Nous pouvons citer comme exemples, parmi tant d’autres :
- La structure musicale des polyphonies des Pygmées, patrimoine culturel de l’Unesco.
- Les motifs géométriques des peintures murales et décorations des ustensiles en poterie ou en bois.
- Les stratégies des jeux de Songho ou d’Awellé.
- Les techniques de divination par les cauris, sur lesquelles nous nous focalisons.

Les cauris ont divers usages en Afrique. Utilisés dans les techniques de divination, ils sont considérés comme intermédiaires entre les divinités (puissances transcendantales des cosmogonies locales) et les Hommes.
      Le recours à la divination par les cauris se fait dans un contexte d’incertitude. Elle vise à répondre aux questions dichotomiques ou à fournir des recommandations, préconisations et conseils face à un  contexte ou une situation flous.
    Ceci nous permet de classer ces techniques de divination par les cauris parmi les outils d’aide à la décision (OAD) comme les logiciels d’aide à la décision.
          Dans cette étude, nous nous penchons sur un cas d’utilisation des cauris  pour répondre à une question dichotomique.
Dans cette technique, la probabilité d'obtenir un cas "Favorable" est A2n (Fav), que nous avons calculée en tenant compte de la dispersion des caractéristiques des cauris. Cette probabilité A2n (Fav.) converge vers 1/2 pour n grand (n > 2), indépendamment de la valeur de p.

        Ce résultat remarquable nous pousse à nous demander comment ceux qui ont élaboré cette technique de divination mathématiquement cohérente, ont procédé ?

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00263206.2023.2191952 
This article introduces two Jewish accounts on the 1948 turmoil in Sanaa/Yemen to a non-Hebrew reading audience. Following the problematisation of both accounts – one by Salim Mansura (1916–2007), the other by Mordechai al-Zahiri (later Yitshari, 1930–) – as a historical source, it gives a chronological overview of the events they describe, and partly witnessed themselves. It covers their narratives on the assassination of Imam Yahya Hamid al-Din, the al-Wazir coup, the countercoup led by Imam Ahmad as well as the subsequent looting of Sanaa and its Jewish quarter. Based on the two accounts, the article analyses whether the looting had a strategic function in reconquering the city and reflects on the question as to whether the looting of the Jewish Quarter in particular was or was not intended by the authorities.

The Rolex Learning Centre has been overly announced, published and praised as 'landscape' as architecture. Completed in 2010, it is the largest scale international building of Japanese Architects Kazuyo Sejima and Ryue Nishizawa (SANAA), and it quickly becomes clear the designer's explicit aim was to solve a complex programmatic and spatial request with an artificial landscape. The commitment of the building to the creation of landscape explains the choice of the project for this study (5.1.). The context of the project in the EPFL campus of Lausanne and its insertion in the lake Geneva landscape deserve some explanation as well as the specific need for it and how that was answered by the design (5.2.). The impression from the field-trip will be described in the next section (5.3.). The challenging form led to a relatively long planning and building process in which quite unusual techniques and structural design were used for concrete reinforcements, formwork and even po...

In the first section of this last chapter (7.1.) I will "comparatively" answer the main question related to each case before coming to broader discussion (7.2.) all of which contributes the the main question: In what way do landscape design strategies change how we understand and create architecture? (Q 1.1.1.) At first I differentiate the motives and objectives for landscape strategies in the specific context of each of the three study cases in chapters 4, 5 & 6 to discuss the development of landscape design strategies in architecture: How do architects apply landscape design strategies in architecture? What are their motives and goals to do so and what do they accomplish? (Q. 1.1.3.) In terms of spatial contexts the projects are quite different. In particular, the dense urban situation with a long history dating back centuries in Paris; the implementation in a modern campus in Lausanne; and the placement outside Santiago with historical reference to the early medieval ci...

This thesis explores the ways in which landscape is relevant as a concept for designing architecture. Buildings that have been designed like landscapes have become a topic in contemporary architecture. The apparent distinction between architecture and landscape is questioned in exemplary theories and new designs. The core of this thesis is three case studies of architectural designs that use landscape strategies. The analytical model for landscape architectural composition that Steenbergen and Reh (2003) developed for the European gardens is applied as in drawing analysis of these building's inner space composition. By distinguishing the landscape composition into a four layer model - ground form, spatial form, metaphorical form and programmatic form - the analysis will alter the reading of three architectural projects. Rem Koolhaas and OMA's unbuilt Jussieu design for two university libraries in Paris of 1992 is visualised for the first time as it could have looked if built...

14 Project Documentations and Analysis of Dutch Architecture with Landscape Methods. MVRDV Villa VPRO, Powerhouse Company Villa 1, Herman Herzberger Coda Museum, NL Architects Basket Ba, SeARCH Posbank Pavillion, Wiel Arets Hedge House, OMA Kunsthal and Educatorium, Maaskant Johnson Wax, Diller & Scofidio Blur Building, De Architecten Cie Frits van Dongen Cap Gemini Campus, Mecanoo TU Dlelft Library and Venhoeven CS Sportplaza Mercator. Compared to Historic Gardens: Hawkstone Park, Villa La Rotonda, ...

Contemporary architecture is increasingly influenced by the concept of landscape, and this is particularly the case in the Netherlands. Like at many other places, a new mindset is emerging, transforming the core values of the disciplines of architecture and urbanism with the notion of the organization of architectural space as a landscape. Through experiment our lab develops methods to analyze such phenomena in focused studies of specific cases, understanding how architects use landscape not only as a metaphor but also as a method to design buildings. 32 students selected and analyzed outstanding built work of a wide field of architects from four generations of Dutch practitioners starting with Huig Maaskant (founder of the RAvB), Huig Maaskant, Wim QUist, OMA, SANAA, Mecanoo, MVRDV, NOX, De Zwarte Hond, NL-Architects, Onix, FACT and MonderschijmMoonen. Students drew and built models of their analyses, where four layers are detachable as a separate entity, and then played a game the...

"Als nach starken Regenfällen 1971 das Dach der Großen Moschee in Sanaa beschädigt wurde, entdeckte man darunter einen Zwischenraum, in dem über Jahrhunderte hinweg Koranhandschriften abgelegt worden waren. Wie in der Geniza der jüdischen Tradition, einem Raum, in dem verbrauchte liturgische Schriften aufbewahrt wurden, hatte man offenbar auch in der Moschee von Sanaa die nicht mehr verwendeten Koranhandschriften an einem Ort deponiert, der im 20. Jahrhundert vollkommen in Vergessenheit geraten war."

La question de savoir pourquoi un vestige archéologique a un effet direct sur l'art ou l 'architecture de son époque, ou pourquoi il n'est « effectivement » découvert et apprécié à sa juste valeur que plus tard, se pose chaque fois qu'on retrace l'histoire de l'in­ fluence exercée par certains monument s importants. On a sou­ vent l 'impression que ce n'est qu'à un m o m e n t historique précis que beaucoup de ces découvertes deviennent possibles. Dans l'article qui suit, on traitera d'un cas où, étonnamment , la découver te et la formulation du problème par le chercheur cor respondent à un besoin et à l 'acceptat ion de ce dernier. Il s'agit des immeubles de location à Ostie, du problème du loge­ ment dans la Rome des années 20 et 30 du XX' siècle et de l'in­ térêt que les his tor iens c o m m e les arch i tec tes m o d e r n i s t e s por tèrent à de tels bât iments utilitaires, négligés jusque­là. Il s'agit là d'...

This thesis explores the ways in which landscape is relevant as a concept for designing architecture. Buildings that have been designed like landscapes have become a topic in contemporary architecture. The apparent distinction between architecture and landscape is questioned in exemplary theories and new designs. The core of this thesis is three case studies of architectural designs that use landscape strategies. The analytical model for landscape architectural composition that Steenbergen and Reh (2003) developed for the European gardens is applied as in drawing analysis of these building's inner space composition. By distinguishing the landscape composition into a four layer model - ground form, spatial form, metaphorical form and programmatic form - the analysis will alter the reading of three architectural projects. Rem Koolhaas and OMA's unbuilt Jussieu design for two university libraries in Paris of 1992 is visualised for the first time as it could have looked if built...

Moving towards digitalisation in business relies on identifying specific purpose, strategy and plans. With continuous advancement in technology, SMEs are induced to adopt such technological advancements to attain and sustain competitive edge over their competitors. Using social media to promote their business goals (to the market) is a primary objective in addition to their activities, products and services offered by the enterprises. This study explores the extent of social media adoption among enterprises in 2 cities in Yemen (Sanaa & Aden); and the primary data (drawn from owners/managers) unveils that WhatsApp and Facebook are the most used social platforms for marketing; while the least used are YouTube and Snapchat. Further, it is also obvious that, where social media is mostly used to facilitate advertising (Mean = 2.54), which has reduced their advertising cost, (Mean = 2.17), at the same time, it has failed to change customer behavior (Mean =-0.66) and serve their recruitment needs (Mean = 0.42). A significant differences has also been observed in terms of their appraisal [when respondents are categorised according to the scope of operations, education level of owner/managers, and age of the enterprise]; and the study concludes that there is an earnest need to train and guide the entrepreneurs of SMEs to adopt social media for innovative purposes that could contribute/ enhance the chances of growth and development of business in Yemen, which could help them in creating new business prospects.

Reunissant treize contributions, l’ouvrage dirige par Eric Denis met fin au mythe d’une Egypte contemporaine rurale et dominee par la megapole cairote. Les auteurs y soutiennent la these d’un pays tres urbanise et davantage polycentrique qu’on ne l’admet habituellement. S’adressant a un public averti, ils analysent les differentes modalites de la croissance urbaine dans leur complexite et leurs effets sur les societes locales. Les articles de la premiere partie mettent en lumiere les dynamiqu...

Réunissant treize contributions, l’ouvrage dirigé par Éric Denis met fin au mythe d’une Égypte contemporaine rurale et dominée par la mégapole cairote. Les auteurs y soutiennent la thèse d’un pays très urbanisé et davantage polycentrique qu’on ne l’admet habituellement. S’adressant à un public averti, ils analysent les différentes modalités de la croissance urbaine dans leur complexité et leurs effets sur les sociétés locales. Les articles de la première partie mettent en lumière les dynamiqu..