Hierarchy

Résumé Les techniques des sens C'est par une combinaison des cinq sens que les êtres humains perçoivent le monde, mais le mode de combinaison est loin d'être constant. Les cinq sens reçoivent différentes accentuations et différentes significations dans différentes sociétés. Ces différences sont souvent manifestées par des décorations du corps (par exemple, des disques d'oreilles, des disques labiaux, ou des ornements nasaux). Cette idée est étudiée en se référant aux Indiens Suya et Kayapo du Brésil central et aux Dogon du Mali. Les pratiques d'éducation des enfants représentent un autre moyen par lequel une société exprime et renforce sa hiérarchie sensorielle particulière, ce qu'illustre une étude des pratiques de socialisation des Wolof du Sénégal.

A new variant of Hierarchical Cluster Analysis is gaining interest in the field of Machine Learning, called Object Cluster Hierarchy. Being still at an early stage of development, the lack of tools for systematic analysis of Object Cluster Hierarchies inhibits further improvement of this concept. In this paper we address this issue by proposing a generator of synthetic hierarchical data that can be used for benchmarking Object Cluster Hierarchy generation methods. The article presents a thorough empirical and theoretical analysis of the generator and provides guidance on how to control its parameters. The conducted experiments show the usefulness of the data generator capable of producing a wide range of differently structured data. Furthermore, datasets that represent the most common types of hierarchies are generated and made available to the public for benchmarking, along with the developed generator (http://kio.pwr.edu.pl/?page_id=396).

In this article I first analyze the meaning of mixed feelings and what this expression refers to. I argue that what the term mixed feelings is commonly taken to mean are not mixed feelings because there is no mixture, and also because the same object and the same time condition of what is supposed to be mixed is not satisfied. I then pass on to a case of genuine mixed feelings. Genuinely mixed feelings are feelings composed of simple or basic feelings as well as occurrences of compounds and sets of feelings. I then discuss three categories adjacent to mixed feelings: layered feelings, metaemotions, and moods. Layered feelings are not mixed but superposed one over another, metaemotions have a mixed phenomenology, and moods are an affective mixture par excellence. In conclusion, I suggest that wrong labelling coincides with a category mistake which hampers further progress in the philosophy of affectivity.

O projeto padrão pode ser considerado impessoal, caso seja puramente uma representação gráfica da intenção projetual para determinada função. No entanto, sem a caracterização de um público-alvo, ainda com ausências de informações socioculturais que dependerão de cada região, a padronização genérica e impessoal pode ultrapassar os limites da humanização e ser uma ferramenta para a criação de espaços que não dialogam com seus usuários e ainda reforçam questões relacionadas à hierarquia espacial, insegurança e ausência de privacidade. Através de estudo de caso explanatório, análise de peças gráficas projetuais e revisão bibliográfica, busca-se relações entre temáticas sobre a qualidade funcional do espaço e as definições adotadas em projeto padrão de Arquitetura. Para este artigo, foi adotado como objeto de estudo o projeto arquitetônico padrão da Casa da Mulher Brasileira (instituição pública para atendimento centralizado às mulheres em situação de violência). Algumas problemáticas causadas pela desorganização espacial e fluxos cruzados foram identificadas e, com base nos argumentos apresentados, pretende-se provocar a reflexão sobre a importância da valorização do sujeito no momento da definição de programas de necessidades e setorizações projetuais para evitar prejuízos à apropriação do espaço: fator primordial à confiança e transcendência.

Can soil be considered as just a component of terrestrial ecosystems and agro-ecosystems or is it an ecosystem in itself? The present piece of opinion suggests that we should refer to the original definition of the ecosystem given by Tansley and apply it to the soil viewed as a multi-scale assemblage of ecological systems.

Abstract The way in which novice programmers learn to write code is of considerable interest to computing education researchers. One research approach to understanding how beginners acquire their programming abilities has been to look at student performance in exams. Lopez et al.(2008) analyzed student responses to an end-of-first-semester exam. They found two types of questions accounted for 46% of the variance on the code writing portion of the same exam. One of those types of question required students to trace ...

This essay explores intimate relationships between Buddhism and power in contemporary Thailand. Considering practices like divination and spirit mediumship as well as more orthodox contexts like kingship and the monkhood, it argues that Thai Buddhism cannot be divorced from the race for political influence and material wealth. The essay ultimately investigates the role of religion in legitimizing social hierarchy and economic inequality in the kingdom. It also illustrates how Thai Buddhism offers opportunities for resistance, as people from the periphery appropriate idioms of morality to challenge the status quo.

1. Introduction 2. Integrable dynamical systems 3. Synopsis of integrable systems 4. Algebraic methods 5. Analytical methods 6. The closed Toda chain 7. The Calogero-Moser model 8. Isomonodromic deformations 9. Grassmannian and integrable hierarchies 10. The KP hierarchy 11. The KdV hierarchy 12. The Toda field theories 13. Classical inverse scattering method 14. Symplectic geometry 15. Riemann surfaces 16. Lie algebras Index.

In his manifesto, Duncan Kennedy aptly identified hierarchies within legal scholarship and the legal profession, but his conclusion -- hierarchies in law are wrong and must be resisted -- is misplaced. Kennedy’s Legal Education and the Reproduction of Hierarchy: A Polemic Against the System, claims law schools breed a hierarchical system, where rank plays an important part in how law schools relate to each other; how faculty members relate to each other and to students; and how students relate to other students. This system trains students to accept and prepare for their place within the hierarchy of the legal profession. According to Kennedy, such training teaches students the necessity of embracing the ideas and opinions of those above their status in the hierarchy in order to succeed. To Kennedy and others, this is a recognizable danger with the potential to perpetuate injustice. While Kennedy’s observation of a hierarchical system’s potential to breed injustice is correct, his c...

This study investigates how the members of four different role-playing communities on the online platform Second Life perform social as well as dramatic roles within their community. The trajectories of power influencing these roles are my main focus. Theoretically I am relying primarily on performance scholar Richard Schechner, sociologist, Erving Goffman, and post-structuralists Michel Foucault, Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari. My methodological stance has its origin primarily within literature studies using text analysis as my preferred method, but I also draw on the (cyber)ethnographical works of T.L. Taylor, Celia Pearce, and Mikael Jakobsson. In this dissertation my focus is on the relationship of the role-player to their chosen role especially in terms of the boundary between being in character, and as such removed from "reality," and the popping out of character, which instead highlights the negotiations of the social, sometimes make-belief, roles. Destabilising ...

This paper is based on an ethnographic study of corridors in a large university building, originally built to house local government in the early 20th century. By attending to their huge physical presence in the everyday culture of an institution, the paper shows how corridors matter. Too often invoked as iconic, intangible metaphors, the presence of corridors as cultural materials can be forgotten. Conversely, as incidental – or even detrimental – remnants of past design trends, they are perceived parts of a divisive, hierarchical organisation of space. As the open-plan office, indoor street, forum and atrium displace them in a new design for ‘openness’, the study focuses on the mobilisation of corridors in the daily, sometimes momentary re-arrangements of meaning in an organisation. In conclusion, I discuss how the new architecture of ‘openness’ might be reconfigured through mobile understandings of everyday ‘openings’ and ‘closings’.

This paper presents a system, specially designed for the grape spraying through a robotic system. Agricultural Robotics is the logical proliferation of automation technology into bio systems such as agriculture, forestry, green house, horticulture etc. Presently a number of researches are being done to increase their applications. Some of the scientist contributions are mobile robot, flying robot, forester robot, Demeter which are exclusively used for agriculture. Humans are force to work in risky environment while spraying chemicals and pesticides on the crops for bug control. The tractors compress the soil, as they are heavier in weight. They cannot move in terrain environment. These techniques cannot recognize the crop and soil in close propinquity. Main aim is to avoid manual spraying of pesticides at actual farm, which will apparently reduce the impact of harmful chemicals on humans due to direction interaction of chemicals in manual spraying, and also increase the productivity of grapes. It will achieve by replacing human by a robotic system which will do the task of pesticides spraying over.

This investigation on the Corpus Dionysiacum focuses on the study of some of the fundamental concepts in the theology of the Pseudo-Dionysius (v. gr. beauty, light, symbol, hierarchy, liturgy, apophatic theology, mysticism, divinization) in order to answer the question: How is the ontologic hierarchy of creation both valued and defined by the aesthetic theology of the Pseudo-Dionysius? The Areopagite arrives to the idea of hierarchy from the notion of the universe as ordered by the criteria of sacrality. “The common goal of every hierarchy —he tells us— consists of wishing, aspiring, loving the Goodness-Beauty and His Sacred Mysteries; a love infused by Him, perfected in His Union” (EH I, 3, 376 A). Thus, in the goodness of this hierarchical order, “thanks to Him and by Him, the inferior beings trustingly love superiors, equals communicate with their kindred and superiors care for inferiors” (DN IV, 10, 708 A). It is proper of the celestial hierarchy to manifest the beauty of light, based on the immediate nature of its relations and to the inherent transparency of its immaterial subjects; in the same manner, it is proper to the human hierarchy to reflect the beauty of the symbolized, due to the nature of our human limitations. On the other hand, Dionysius describes hierarchy as a salvific liturgy, structured in virtue of its ontological unity with God. The liturgy, turns, undoubtedly, into a deeply aestetical experience, seen as the dynamic by which one ascends in love and community by means of light and symbols. Therefore, we reach to the conclusion that Dionysius values and defines the ontological hierarchy of creation as liturgy: a liturgy encompassing the metaphysics of light and the mysticism of ascension, based on the anagogic strength of symbols. In this way, the thought of the Areopagite turns into a surprisingly modern topic, in light of the contemporary necessity to revive mysticism, as well as focusing theology in aesthetical terms and perspectives.

En esta investigación del Corpus Dionysiacum se aborda el estudio de algunos conceptos fundamentales de la teología del Pseudo Dionisio (v. gr., belleza, luz, símbolo, jerarquía, liturgia, apofatismo, mística, divinización) para tratar de dar respuesta a la pregunta: ¿cómo la estética teológica del Pseudo Dionisio define y valora la jerarquía ontológica de la creación? El Areopagita llega a la idea de jerarquía partiendo de la noción del universo en cuanto ordenado por el criterio de sacralidad. “Toda jerarquía —nos dirá— tiene como fin común desear, anhelar, amar al Bien-Hermosura y sus sagrados misterios; amor que Él infunde y en la unión con Él se perfecciona” (EH I, 3, 376 A). En la bondad del orden jerárquico, “gracias a Él y por Él, los seres inferiores aman confiadamente a los superiores, los iguales se comunican con sus semejantes, los superiores velan por los inferiores” (DN IV, 10, 708 A). Es propio de la jerarquía celeste manifestar la hermosura de la luz, dada la inmediatez de sus relaciones y la transparencia de sus sujetos inmateriales, en cuanto que es propio de la jerarquía humana lucir la belleza del símbolo, por causa de la necesidad de nuestras limitaciones naturales. Por otro lado, Dionisio describe la jerarquía como aquella liturgia salvífica que se estructura en virtud de la unidad que ontológicamente tiene con Dios. La liturgia, como la dinámica por la que se asciende comunitariamente a través de la luz y los símbolos, en el amor, es sin duda una vivencia profundamente estética. Por consiguiente, llegamos a la conclusión que Dionisio define y valora la jerarquía ontológica de la creación como liturgia: una liturgia que engloba una metafísica de la luz con una mística del ascenso, garantizada por la fuerza anagógica del símbolo. El pensamiento del Areopagita es tremendamente actual, debido a la necesidad que tenemos hoy en día de revitalizar la mística y a la pertinencia de abordar la teología en términos estéticos.

Subsequent to rapid information and communication technology development, the scope of the definition of
Information and Communication Technologies (ICT or ICTs) has been utilized within diverse contexts including economic development, education, IT, business and personal usage. A review of academic literature, trade publications and general information was undertaken to establish a hierarchy of
applications for the term ICT or ICTs.

Just here, in Washington Square, not long after the inception of this great univer-sity, Henry James's Catherine Sloper is last seen when, “picking up her morsel of fancy work, she had seated herself with it again – for life, as it were”. By 1901, a couple of generations later, she might well ...

Monepiscopacy definition: a form of church government in which a single governing bishop or leader is appointed in a local church, region, or over an entire denomination. This development was a departure from the earliest church model for governing Christian communities typically having a collegial type of leadership in which a group of men share the responsibility of leading and teaching, as among a group of colleagues.

In the Pacific, and in Melanesia in particular, violence against women is considered severe and pervasive.  Roughly two-thirds of the women in Fiji can expect violence in the domestic sphere at some time during their lives.  A number of cultural practices which are represented as supporting and maintaining gender inequity and therefore underwriting gender violence have attracted international attention and national governments have come under pressure to ban them. One such practice in Fiji is the bulubulu, a ritual of atonement. An anthropologist has since argued that the bulubulu has been adapted in such a way that it now supports the victim, and suggests that the performance of the ritual ‘is increasingly rare even in the villages’.  My own research suggests that these arguments are not accurate and that the reality in the villages is quite different. Further complicating the picture, the classic model of women’s refuges or crisis accommodation has faced immense obstacles and therefore has not been terribly effective to-date.  This paper can be found at the following link: http://press.anu.edu.au/node/2168/download

The focus of the chapter is weak islands (WI), i.e. selective islands. Strong (absolute) islands are considered only to set the stage for the discussion of WIs. Up until the late 1980s nothing much beyond wh-islands had been thought to be a WI. Beginning with Relativized Minimality, an ever-growing range of WIs has been recognized. Thus, theories of weak islands have mushroomed, each coming with a significant set of new data and important new connections to other domains. The chapter emphasizes the correspondence between data sets and theories. Less attention is given to proposals that primarily recast the theoretical account of some narrow range of data.

Section 2 explains the distinction between absolute versus selective islands. Section 3 introduces a range of classical strong islands and various types of explanations, among them subjacency, repair by ellipsis, and processing. Sections 4, 5, and 6 enumerate the kind of extractions that are sensitive to WIs and the factors that induce a WI. Under the rubric of weak-island sensitivity, it discusses arguments vs. adjuncts, referential or existentially  presupposing vs. non-referential expression, D-linking, individual vs. non-individual expressions and how many-phrases, functional readings and event-related readings, split constructions, negative polarity licensing, and cross-sentential anaphora. Under the rubric of weak-island inducers, it considers intervention effects due to wh-islands, negatives and other affective operators, response stance and non-stance in contrast to volunteered stance  predicates, extraposition islands, VP-adverbs, and finally quantifier scope islands. Section 7 is devoted to various theories of islands, starting with ECP and subjacency, moving on to Relativized Minimality. Theoretical problems and the diversity of the data motivate the transition to the scope theory that comes in two versions, the algebraic semantic and the dynamic semantic ones. Section 8 concludes.

This is an addition to my work "Analysis of Liberty" written in the Serbian language. It is considered the vector formula l = i · h which connects liberty with intelligence i and hierarchy h of live beings. You have more about this in the book:

https://www.academia.edu/34941678/INFORMATION_of_PERCEPTION_freedom_democracy_and_physics

Contributors:
AYŞE ZARAKOL
DAVID LAKE
ANDREW PHILLIPS
MICHAEL BARNETT
LAURA SJOBERG
VINCENT POULIOT
J.C. SHARMAN
ALEX COOLEY
SARAH STROUP AND WENDY WONG
REBECCA ADLER-NISSEN
SHOGO SUZUKI
JACK DONNELLY