Secretary

ÖZ Müzakere tarzları, bireylerin müzakere sürecinde sergiledikleri tutum ve davranışlarla ilgilidir. Demografik özellikleri de müzakere tarzına etki eden önemli değişkenlerden birisidir. Bu kapsamda çalışmada, demografik özelliklerin sekreter ve asistanların müzakere tarzlarına etkisini belirlemek amacıyla Türkiye'nin Isparta il merkezindeki özel hastanelerde sekreter ve asistan olarak çalışan 200 bireyle araştırma yapılmıştır. Bu amaçla ileri sürülen hipotezler doğrultusunda anket çalışması (Tu, 2007) ile elde edilen verilere istatistik olarak değerlendirilerek frekans ve ki-kare bağımsızlık testi uygulanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye' deki diğer müzakere tarzı çalışmalarından farklı olarak, Casse ve Deol'un modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, cinsiyet değişkeninin normatif müzakere tarzı ve gerçekçi müzakere tarzı üzerinde anlamlı etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, kadınların, her iki müzakere tarzları eğilimlerinin, erkeklerden daha fazla olduğunu içermektedir. Çalışma, eğitim düzeyleri değişkeninin analitik müzakere tarzı, gerçekçi müzakere tarzı ve sezgisel müzakere tarzı üzerinde anlamlı etkilediği sonucuna varmıştır. Eğitim düzeyi yüksek olanlarda gerçekçi ve sezgisel müzakere tarzlarına daha fazla eğilimli, analitik müzakere tarzı eğiliminin ise daha az olduğu görülmüştür. Yaş değişkeninin analitik müzakere tazı, normatif müzakere tarzı ve sezgisel müzakere tarzı üzerinde anlamlı etkilediği sonucuna varılmıştır. Yaş arttıkça analitik müzakere tarzı eğilimi azalırken, normatif ve sezgisel müzakere tarzı eğilimlerinin arttığı tespit edilmiştir.

ABSTRACT Negotiation styles are related with the behaviours and attitude which individuals display during the negotiation process. Demographic traits are also one of the important variables that influence negotiation styles. The study is carried out on 200 employees who work at private hospitals in Isparta in Turkey in order to find the influence of demographic traits on negotiation styles. All questionnaires (Tu, 2007) are coded for statistical analysis and frequency and chi-square tests are applied. Different from other negotiation style studies in Turkey, Casse and Deols’ model is employed in the study. According to the research results, it is determined that the gender variable
significantly influence normative and factual negotiation styles. It also includes that women tend to have more negotiation styles than men. The study concludes that education level variable has significant effects on the analytical, factual and intuitive styles. It is also determined there is a tendency to have more factual and intuitive
negotiation styles and less tendency to have analytical negotiation style among more educated individuals compared to others. Also age variable has significant effects on the analytical, normative and intuitive styles. It is found that as the age increases, the tendency of analytical negotiation style decreases, while normative and intuitive
negotiation style tendencies increase.

"A growing change has been observed in the field of the office management and secretariat, like in all other fields. Organizations would survive in such a competitive environment only if they forecast and keep up with this change. Provided that problems of secretaries, who are indispensable assistants of managers, are determined and educational opportunities are given to them high productivity and institutional loyalty would be attained.

In  order  to  determine  the  problems  of  secretaries  and  the  educational  issues  that  they  need  to  be trained,  a  study  based  on  a  questionnaire was  carried  out. Data was  gathered  from  231  secretaries  (150 public,  81  private  sector).  In  this  study,  it  is  seen  that  43%  of  secretaries  feel  the  need  for  training in  the  following  issues:  total  quality  management,  costumer  relations,  computer,  office  methods, communication  techniques,  foreign  language,  correspondence  and  file  techniques,  and  protocol  rules. The problems  that  they  generally  encounter  are  insufficient  salaries,  deficiency  in  being informed, physical fatigue, uncomfortable work conditions, social security, not being considered adequately important by managers, and hierarchical conflicts. "

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تمرالمجتمعات اليوم بمتغيرات اقتصادية واجتماعية وتنظيمية ناتجة عن تحديات العولمة وانفتاح السوق ،هذه المتغيرات التي فرضت نفسها في العالم أجمع، تجبر المجتمعات على نمط تحول كبير في طريقة التفكير وتتطلب إعادة إنتاج وظائف المجتمع والمؤسسات.

من هنا كان لابد لعلوم السكرتارية وإدارة الأعمال أن تتماشى مع هذا التطور الحاصل، وذلك بسبب الحاجة الملحة إلى وجود سكرتير أو سكرتيرة في جميع المؤسسات والشركات لما لتلك الوظيفة من أهمية بالغة في تحقيق النجاح للعمل.

فالسكرتير هو منظم للاتصالات والأرشيف وأمين لأسرار الشركة ومساعد في إظهار الوجه الحضاري لعمل الشركة، فهو يراقب الخدمات ويتعرف على الزبائن، وينظم اتصالاتهم وعلاقاتهم مع الإدارة وهذه المهنة تتطلب خبرة وهنا تتحول السكرتارية وإدارة المكاتب  لوظيفة استراتيجية في المؤسسات والشركات.

وتماشياً مع ذلك الدور المتنامي للسكرتارية وعلوم الإدارة فقد اهتم مركزنا يوروماتيك، بتلك العلوم وأولاها أهمية بالغة, وذلك من خلال إقامة الدورات المتكاملة التي تؤهل المشاركين للتميز والابداع في إدارة أعمالها.


For more information:
https://euromatech-me.com/فئة-البرامج/السكرتارية-وإدارة-المكاتب

Our subject centres on REPORTS WRITING.

Advanced Learner’s Dictionary defines REPORT as a media that give information to people about something that was heard, seen, done etc; a presentation written or spoken account of an event in the news; a statement forwarded to those in authorities; a register of data or feedback; an appearance before a superior; written account of an event published or broadcast; transcript of information required by someone; an official document or study; a piece of story or commentary etc

Scholars severally agreed that any documented statement useful for record purposes or reference is a REPORT  whether minutes of meeting, inquiry, test, petition, memorandum, survey, thesis etc.

Different types of Report are:

A. Reports on Events
B. Reports on Meetings
  -  Minutes of Meeting
  -  Decision Excerpts and
  -  Communiqué and Resolutions
C. Reports of Interviews, Tests and Experiments

ABSTRAK Tugas seorang sekretaris adalah melaksanakan tugas-tugas yang bersifat membantu manajer atau pimpinan untuk menjalankan roda organisasi, lembaga, maupun kantor. Disamping mempunyai tugas, sekretasis pun mempunyai peran yang sama yaitu sebagai mediator perusahaan. Dalam melaksanakan tugas tersebut, sekretaris tidak hanya berhubungan dengan pimpinannya saja, melainkan juga dengan klien perusahaan, karyawan atau bawahan. Seorang sekretaris menjadi penghubung antara perusahaan dan lingkungan kerja atau lingkungan masyarakat. Oleh karena itu, sekretaris memegang peranan yang penting dan dapat menentukan atau mempengaruhi berhasil tidaknya tujuan kantor atau perusahaan. Maka penampilan seorang sekretaris harus baik dan professional. Pentingnya peranan sekretaris ini tentunya sesuai dengan jabatan sekretaris pada masing-masing organisasi, lembaga atau pun kantor Kata Kunci: Peran Sekretaris, Mediator Perusahaan

Business Archives,Sources and History, 76. November, 29-40

This article focuses on a highly significant newly deposited ledger in the Cunard Shipping Line archive at the University of Liverpool. This 'Allocation of Purser's Staff record for the 1920s reveals that women were typing at sea in large numbers, from 1924 to 1930s. They stopped abruptly in Spring 1931 and were replaced by a new category of worker: male 'clerks'.
The significance of the women's presence is that it indicates that women had a growing role at sea that was then arrested; they were working in two of the four departments of a ship, and not just in the traditional and degraded domestic sphere: as stewardesses in the stewarding department. Women typists moved on from working in the Cunard headquarters in Liverpool to sailing full-time on the prestigious and huge new liners such as Berengaria, Aquitania and Mauretania.
This crucial archival finding therefore implicitly demonstrates a vital lost part of women's workplace progress towards equality; a 20-year hiccup in their entry to non-domestic work on ship.

Nous avons choisi d’éditer quelques pièces afin d’illustrer notre étude. Nous les livrons aujourd’hui au public pour le profit de tous, dans l’attente de la publication prochaine de notre thèse de doctorat.

Ces pièces révèlent des aspects qui se distribuent dans les trois mouvements de notre étude (structures des institutions de l’écrit ; l’exercice du pouvoir par le recours à l’écrit ; les reconfigurations européennes des sociétés politiques) et montrent la finesse de la mécanique de la préparation et de la projection de l’écrit comme celle qui règle le travail concret des bureaux de la monarchie.

Nous avons privilégié des pièces manuscrites inédites, éditées en suivant les règles édictées L’Édition des textes anciens, XVIe-XVIIIe siècle, sous la direction de Bernard Barbiche et Monique Chatenet, Paris, Inventaire général, 1990, 2e éd. 1993, coll. « Documents et méthodes », n° 1.

In parallel with changes in management and manager approaches with his assistant and executive assistant
position substituent changes in the profession is. With the speed of change, and structure and management
functioning of complexity a knowledge-based organization also is caused to an increase in conflict. In this study,
an executive assistant, secretarial classic pattern that go beyond the information age, the information age and
the roles required for the efficient and effective management of organizations be using to introduce the
elements of the role of negotiator. What in addition have a new career as a negotiator to be stage of, and
about it the basic framework described how to have an educational curriculum of the organizations. As a result,
the an executive assistant profession in the success of a relationship with a triple agenda-itself, the manager
and the organization- by recognizing that what she/he has, will know what she/he needs.

ABSTRACT
Modern day technology has to do with the use of machines and equipment in carrying out work in organizations which includes the use of computers and related electronic equipment to input, process, and store and file various documents in organizations. It is also used to retrieve and transmit information. It has enhanced the efficiency of the secretary in computerized organization. The study looked into the concept of modern technology and today’s secretaries in computerized organizations as some organizations are yet to introduce the use of modern technology into their organizations. Based on the analyzed data, the following findings were made: Modern technology has brought efficiency in the job performance of the secretary in an office, saves time and reduce monotony of work on the part of the secretary. It also revealed that since the introduction of modern office technology, the job performance of secretaries has been enhanced tremendously and has helped the managers in its role of management to help achieve organizational roles. Recommendations were made based on the findings and conclusions with the hope that organizations that are yet to introduce the use of modern technology into their organizations, would do so in order to enhance job satisfaction, save time and cost, and to pave way for meaningful development.

Abstract
secretaryship, which does not seem as a hard job at first glance, and which is perceived as a profession doable byeverybody,isajobthatrequiresmorepersonalsklllsthanotherprofessionsbesidesvocationaltraining. Despite this fact, secretaryship has not got the value it deserves in the eyes of the society' families' and even the students of the profession itself. This study aims to survey the reasons why Secretaryship Program students
have chosen this program, what their perceptions of the program are, what their expectations are from the program, and their carrer planning. ln two vocational schools, 470 students were given questionnaires for this purpose, and 408 students completed the questionnaires, and the results were analyzed' Moreover' face-toface
interviews with students were also included in the study. Especially during the face-to-face interviews, it was observed that students did not really know about the Secretaryship Program, they had not chosen the program willingly, they used the program as a step for lateral transfer to other programs' and almost all of
them underestimated the Program

Key Words: Secretary, executive assistant, office management, career planning'

The aim of this paper is to analyse the role that Alfonso Fontanelli played in Gramigna’s book as a “courtly authority” and how Fontanelli’s experience and musical-literary wisdom was portrayed in order to highlight them as beneficial qualities for a secretary.

La communication propose une exploration des liens fonctionnels entre régime de crise politique et construction de l’habitus des experts de gouvernement. Il conviendra d’interroger la lente sédimentation des pratiques de gouvernement lors des guerres de Religion dans le royaume de France comme la réponse terme à terme à un moment de crise politique.

La longue séquence des troubles civils et leur dilatation à l’espace européen, des années 1560 aux années 1620, voit l’émergence d’un personnel politique d’un type nouveau, les secrétaires, institué dans l’immédiat entourage du souverain.

Ces administrateurs de l’écrit, issus, pour une large part, de la meilleure société marchande parisienne, vont saturer de leur présence et de leur savoir-faire les nouveaux bureaux de la monarchie comme les institutions traditionnelles des cours et des conseils. Pour soutenir et défendre leur position de plus en plus éminente dans l’agencement institutionnel, ils vont développer et conjoindre, dans leurs portefeuilles, aux écrits de la pratique, dont ils sont d’éminents spécialistes, des écrits discursifs qui feignent l’antiquité de leurs techniques autant qu’ils affectent une certaine routine voire une fatigue de bureau.

Partant, ces dispositions professionnelles et pré-bureaucratiques vont devenir le ciment de relations d’amitiés avec les administrateurs des bureaux des monarchies voisines, à la faveur des contacts guerriers et cérémoniels.

C’est dans ce périmètre dense qu’on se demandera quels sont les impacts du contexte de crise politique sur la définition même d’une conduite experte des pratiques de gouvernement par des administrateurs qui inventent pour une très large part leurs outils et le discours qui le soutient au sein d’une société politique en intense recomposition.

On esquissera les contours transnationaux d’une république européenne des bureaux travaillée par les mêmes tensions autour de l’axe crise et expertise.

Enfin, on s’interrogera sur les sorties de crise politique, les moments de paix et de stabilisation des reconfigurations sociopolitiques pour se demander comment l’extraordinaire de l’expert devient le quotidien de l’administrateur, à hauteur d’hommes et de plumes.

This paper studies how seventeenth-century writers in Spain elaborated different conceptions of interiority in connection with the intimacy they imagined between the king and his favorite or privado. Authors in the days of Lerma, Uceda and Olivares portrayed the relation between king and privado in terms that generally relied on inherited notions of ideal friendship, which nonetheless would clash with concerns about the ubiquity of deceit, simulation and dissimulation at the court. This seemed to set boundaries to the unlimited transparency and trust expected between friends. I will address three issues. First, the way writers imagine the favorite’s access to the king’s secrets, as well as the nature of these secrets. Second, the space of intimacy and shared loneliness in which they conceive the friendship of king and privado to materialize. Third, the transformations that take place in the favorite’s interiority as a result of his relation with the king and his position at the court. //

“Manosear los corazones reales”: interioridad y privanza (1598-1643). Este trabajo estudia la elaboración en el siglo XVII español de diferentes nociones de interioridad vinculadas a la intimidad que los contemporáneos imaginaron entre el rey y su favorito o privado. La relación entre rey y privado se describió a menudo, en tiempos de Lerma, Uceda y Olivares, en términos de amistad ideal, lo cual entraba en conflicto con inquietudes relacionadas con la omnipresencia en la corte del engaño, la simulación y la disimulación, poniendo límites a la transparencia y confianza ilimitadas esperables entre amigos. Trataré tres aspectos: primero, cómo se imagina en la literatura de la época el acceso del privado a los secretos del rey, así como la naturaleza de estos; segundo, el espacio de intimidad y soledad compartida en el que imaginan tener lugar la amistad entre monarca y privado; tercero, las transformaciones que ocurren en la interioridad del favorito como resultado de su relación con el rey y de su posición en la corte.

Para governar o vasto território que estava debaixo de sua jurisdição, os Governadores da Capitania de Pernambuco, quase todos adventícios ao solo americano, dependiam da ação cotidiana dos “oficiais da escrita” para produzir, circular, e registrar os documentos com os quais era possível conhecer e conectar os espaços distantes de sua residência. Neste artigo, abordamos a importância destes oficiais a partir de dois enfoques. Num primeiro momento, traçamos uma inventariação espacial, portanto quantitativa, dos “oficiais da escrita” existentes na Capitania entre a segunda metade do século XVII e meados do século XVIII, explicando, em seguida, como os variados padrões de acesso aos cargos de escrivães, notários e Secretário de Governo poderiam condicionar os processos de formação dos arquivos locais. Na segunda parte, sublinhamos a importância dos Secretários para o ordenamento do expediente dos Governadores, bem como sua ativa participação em dinâmicas governativas que extrapolam o mero registro das rotinas administrativas. Com isso, pretendemos demonstrar que, em contraposição às tendências para certa dispersão da maioria dos arquivos locais, a Secretaria funcionava como um repositório voltado à centralização da “memória” e das informações concernentes à governança, servindo como um potencial contrapeso às partidas e chegadas dos Governadores.

The embassy secretary is an often neglected and invisible figure in the history of Renaissance diplomacy. This contribution explores the various functions of this type of secretary by way of a diplomatic duo, namely Bernardo de’ Medici, Ambassador of Florence to the court of France between 1544 and 1545, and Jacopo Guidi, his secretary. Analyzing the material elements of diplomatic dispatches – primarily the indications of the author, the handwriting and courtesy formulas, but also close analysis of the texts – it shows the secretary as one of the main figures in diplomatic pratices. Through this study, the secretary emerges as the ambassador’s right hand man, the second member of a pair of complementary figures, and not as a mere subordinate to his master.

Comment rendre compte, au milieu du XVIe siècle, des voyages exploratoires qui renouvelaient alors la connaissance européenne du monde ? Venise pouvait-elle encore concurrencer, en mer ou sur terre, les expéditions ibériques ? À ces questions, la somme géographique des Navigationi et viaggi, publiée à Venise en trois volumes entre 1550 et 1559, apporte une réponse originale qui mêle enjeux politiques, commerciaux et épistémologiques. L’auteur de cette compilation, Giovanni Battista Ramusio (1485-1557), n’était autre qu’un secrétaire de chancellerie qui œuvra pendant plus d'un demi-siècle au cœur de cet observatoire privilégié qu’étaient alors les institutions de la Sérénissime.
Fondé sur un travail inédit conduit dans les archives vénitiennes, cet ouvrage présente un portrait de Ramusio qui, pour la première fois, met en regard sa carrière de secrétaire et son activité de géographe, apportant ainsi un éclairage nouveau sur la dimension politique du savoir géographique dans l'Italie de la Renaissance.

http://journals.openedition.org/laboratoireitalien/3342

Acteur central de l’Italie de la Renaissance, le secrétaire revêtit tour à tour les fonctions de scripteur, de conseiller ou d’émissaire. Ce dossier apporte un nouvel éclairage sur les différentes facettes de cette figure qui répondait à des besoins cruciaux dans la péninsule italienne alors aux prises avec une instabilité croissante.

Attore centrale dell'Italia rinascimentale, il segretario rivestì volta per volta le funzioni di scriba, di consigliere o di emissario. Questo dossier getta nuova luce sulle differenti sfaccettature di questa figura che rispondeva a dei bisogni cruciali nella penisola italiana allora  alle prese con un'instabilità crescente.

A central actor in Renaissance Italy, the secretary alternately took on the functions of scribe, counsellor, and emissary. This collection of essays brings new light on the various facets of this character. The secretary responded to crucial needs in the Italian peninsula, which at the time was grappling with growing instability.

De Lodovico Castelvetro a Alonso López Pinciano, la tradición de tratadistas de poética inspirados por Aristóteles contribuyó a enraizar un contraste entre poeta e historiador articulado en torno a la responsabilidad (y el privilegio) del primero a la hora de mostrar agudeza de ingenio mediante la invención de tramas capaces de despertar maravilla entre la audiencia. Vinculado a hechos efectivamente acaecidos, el historiador carecería, por el contrario, de la posibilidad de admirar o maravillar por medio de la invención. Sin embargo, corrientes de historiografía inspiradas en la obra de Tácito y surgidas hacia finales del siglo XVI dieron lugar a una reinterpretación del trabajo del historiador (desarrollada paradigmáticamente en Agudeza y arte de ingenio, de Baltasar Gracián, publicado en 1648) que inaugura para este un espacio de invención, y por ello de ejercicio de agudeza de ingenio, a través de la tarea de «desvelamiento» o invención de «secretos de estado» e intenciones que los príncipes habrían sabido «disimular».

This article aims to show, through a literature review, the professional of Executive Secretary as an information manager for decision-making at a Public Institution of Higher Education in São Paulo, Brazil. Expected to show the Executive Secretary, the importance of information to be used as knowledge in the making-decision that are required in daily work.
To this end, proves to readers the history of the profession of Executive Secretariat, from Antiquity to the present day, as well as its regulatory process, with the signing of Law No. 7,377, of September 30, 1985, as the profession the Secretariat is currently and its prospects for the future. In this time, the professionals of Executive Secretariat who manage information in public education institutions act as change agent and as partners in creating new possibilities.

The secretary is one of the supporters of a job or company that is very influential on the work activities that exist in a company. The existence of a secretary is very important, therefore to become a secretary of a company requires skills that will support the company. A secretary can have a significant effect on the work efficiency of a company because with a secretary the work system and work flow become clearer and less complicated. The secretary will create a workflow that is easily understood and carried out by other employees so that the existing work can be done well. As a secretary who is obliged to manage administrative matters, it takes foresight, and the ability to compile, process and distribute information to other colleagues.

Historically women were usually only allowed to work at sea in domestic roles. Women in the purser's office were non-existent. But from1926-29 Cunard allowed seagoing typists.  And then women disappeared from such roles for over two decades. Why? 
Their (mainly quantitative) history can be found in a new deposit in the Cunard archive.
--
American Neptune 59 (2) 1999, pp 127-134.  Includes photos.

Se analiza el título y el ejercicio de chanciller y registrador mayor del Consejo de Indias que el conde de Olivares, valido de Felipe IV, desempeñó entre 1623 y 1643. Parte de una definición del valimiento y de las capacidades que los validos debieron ejercer en el despacho real en el ámbito documental. Tras recorrer la evolución del oficio del chanciller de Indias, estudia la forma en la que el valido asumió el cargo, las prerrogativas que fueron asociadas al mismo y las distintas etapas en las que se puede agrupar su participación. Con ello, se responde a una serie de interrogantes sobre el papel que jugó Olivares en el Consejo de Indias: qué pudo motivarle a ocupar el ministerio, qué atribuciones fueron añadidas al oficio cuando le fue otorgado y si, mediante su ejercicio, pudo influir sobre el Consejo de Indias y la Junta de Guerra.

Come dimostrato da numerosi studi sulla Cancelleria della Repubblica di Venezia, i segretari dediti alla creazione e preservazione dei documenti di governo costituivano una componente socialmente definita, i cosiddetti cittadini originari, all’interno di quel variegato gruppo di non-
aristocratici che popolava la città lagunare. In virtù del loro ruolo primario nella gestione ‘materiale’ dell’esercizio della cosa pubblica – attraverso cioé la compilazione, l’ordinamento e la conservazione di carte e registri – da parte dell’élite aristocratica veneta, nonché del loro occasionale supporto a missioni di natura diplomatica, l’attività segretariale divenne il fulcro della mediazione tra famiglie di estrazione nobiliare e quelle provenienti dai 'ceti medi'. Un ulteriore fase di incontro tra queste due componenti sociali, si sviluppò in seguito all’apertura degli archivi della Repubblica a quei patrizi che avevano ottenuto il ruolo di storici ‘ufficiali’ e, a cominciare dagli inizi del XVI secolo, anche a storici ‘indipendenti’ ai quali l’autorità aveva rilasciato una specifica licenza.

I segretari avrebbero agito infatti come mediatori tra gli storici e l’archivio stesso, assicurandosi che le ricerche svolte non compromettessero quella segretezza e riservatezza che, su istanza degli stessi governanti veneti, era stata imposta ai depositi documentari della Serenissima. Tale mediazione da parte dei segretari appariva necessaria per gli storici/consultori, i quali avrebbero altrimenti avuto grandi difficoltà per individuare le informazioni cercate, dato che l'archivio era in una fase di riorganizzazione, dopo secoli di disordine.

Con questa comunicazione, intendo mettere in primo piano il ruolo fondamentale dei segretari nella produzione della storiografia veneta della prima età moderna, dimostrando innanzi tutto che gli storici si servirono dei segretari come veri e propri assistenti di ricerca; in secondo luogo, che i segretari, grazie alla loro profonda conoscenza dei depositi, concorsero in maniera determinante alla costruzione della ‘memoria’ della Repubblica; e, infine, che numerosi segretari contribuirono personalmente alla storiografia cittadina, attraverso la redazione di diverse opere. Grazie a questo studio, quindi, si potrà meglio comprendere non solo come gli storici conducevano materialmente la loro attività di ricerca, ma anche l’alta considerazione sociale nella quale era tenuto il personale cancelleresco della Serenissima.