Sexting

Sexting is a new term used in Cyberpsychology. The term sexting was first used in 2005 by the Daily Telegraph, to unify the terms "sex" and "texting" and became an official word in 2009. In the present paper we have tried to define the term. It is highlighted that it is a recent phenomenon in the world of psychology. We have discussed the term sexting and sexting addiction in the light of available literature. We have concluded that sexting is one subdivision of Cyberpsychology and with the growing literature on the area, more epidemiological research in the future should be done to explain these mechanisms.

Sexting is among the practices used by young people to explore their sexuality. Although an educational response to all facets of this phenomenon is recommended, little research has been published to date in Spain that analyses its prevalence by differentiating between the different types of sexting behaviours: sending, receiving, third-party forwarding, and receiving via an intermediary. This gap in the research is addressed by exploring: 1) Sexting prevalence, differentiating between behaviours; 2) Relationships between sexting behaviours and gender, age, sexual orientation, having a romantic/sexual partner, social networking sites used, and the degree of normalisation and willingness to sext; 3) Gender-based differences. In total, 3,314 adolescents aged 12 to 16 years participated in the study. The most frequent sexting behaviours were identified as receiving and receiving via an intermediary, followed by third-party forwarding and the sending of sexual content. The relative impo...

W ostatnich latach rozwija się na całym świecie plaga pedofilii, która stała się nową formą niewolnictwa w wymiarze globalnym. Z jednej strony, w wielu krajach są podejmowane różnego rodzaju inicjatywy polityczne i społeczne, których głównym celem jest walka z wykorzystywaniem seksualnym osób nieletnich, z drugiej – Internet i nowoczesne technologie informatyczne dają pedofilom radykalnie nowe możliwości, gdy chodzi o kontakt z dziećmi w świecie wirtualnym czy dystrybucję materiałów pedopornograficznych. Włochy są jednym z wielu państw, w których pedofilia stała się ostatnio przedmiotem żywego zainteresowania opinii publicznej. Głównym celem badań podjętych w tym artykule jest analiza przyczyn i specyfiki wykorzystywania seksualnego dzieci w kraju nad Tybrem oraz ukazanie najważniejszych aspektów etycznych tego zjawiska.

In 2008, Jessica Logan committed suicide after her nude photo circulated throughout her Ohio town (Celizic, 2009). The case focused international attention on the possibility that nude pictures could be sent electronically. Since 2008, digital behaviors in general have not decreased in frequency; in fact, digital technology use among youth has dramatically increased to become a primary method of communication. A number of more recent studies have found that a large majority of teens continually use digital devices and social media (Englander, 2011; Lenhart, Madden, Smith, Purcell, Zickuhr, & Rainie, 2011). Heavy digital use is found among all social classes (Rainie, Lenhart, & Smith, 2011). The ubiquitous use of text messaging does not seem to be a passing fad; in 2010, 44% of teens studied in Massachusetts listed “text messaging” as their preferred type of communication, and by 2014, that proportion had risen to 65% (Englander, In Progress). Digital communications are largely used for positive interactions but are also, without dispute, one vehicle for harassment and threat between youth. Compounding the complexity of this is the fact that the same digital behaviors can represent little threat or can alternatively be a mechanism for emotional and social trauma.

Criminality in cyberspace has been the subject of much debate since the 1990s, yet comparatively little attention has been paid to technology-facilitated sexual violence and harassment (TFSV). The aim of this article is to explore the ways in which retraditionalized gender hierarchies and inequalities are manifested in online contexts, and to conceptualize the cause and effects of TFSV as "embodied harms." We argue that problematic mind/body and online/off-line dualisms result in a failure to grasp the unique nature of embodied harms, precluding an adequate understanding and theorization of TFSV.

Tras años de trabajo, estudio e investigación, “Hackeados” llega al público.

Un libro que, a diferencia del resto de los escritos por abogados, no está dirigido a otros abogados, sino al resto de los ciudadanos.

En un lenguaje accesible, desprovisto de tecnicismos y con tintes humorísticos, expone cuáles son algunos de los peligros a los que nos enfrentamos día a día en el universo 2.0.

Incluye un capítulo específico con decenas de consejos y recomendaciones esenciales de ciberseguridad para prevenir ser víctimas de un delito en nuestro hogar.

Luego de advertir y concientizar, el último fragmento del libro incorpora una guía que responde a las preguntas “¿qué, cómo y dónde denunciar?”, cuáles son los tipos penales previstos por la legislación argentina actual, un anexo con ejemplos de casos reales y habituales de intentos de estafas virtuales y un tutorial paso a paso para protegernos de hackers en nuestras redes sociales.

Más que un libro, Hacheados es una guía de concientización y prevención del ciberdelito.

В статье представлен анализ параметров
успешности и легальности секстинга как разновидности онлайн
коммуникации, под которой следует понимать обмен текстовыми
сообщениями, изображениями, GIF-файлами и видеофайлами в
онлайн пространстве (посредством интернет-приложений или SMS
и MMS) сексуального содержания. Анализ материала позволил
выделить параметр легальности и параметр успешности, в рамках
которых возможен анализ секстинга с точки зрения правового
регулирования и теории коммуникации.
____________________________________________________
The paper considers the legal aspect and the aspect of
success of sexting. Sexting refers to exchanging of sexually explicit
texts, images, GIF-files or videos per Web-based applications or
SMS/MMS installed on cellphone, PC, laptops or tablet with the aim of
sexual gratifying for one or both participants of communication. Having
analyzed the 20 empirical and 23 methodological studies were
highlighted two fields of analyzing sexting as legal and communicative
phenomenon. As the result were listed three criteria of legal aspect and
three criteria of aspect of success of sexting.

In a cyborg society where people exist both organically and via technology, sexual expression and interaction via technology has become 'normal'. The controversy surrounding sexting stems from contemporary literature and media portraying it as coercive, harmful and unacceptable, with particular reference to young females. Qualitative data on this phenomenon is extremely limited and biased, potentially resulting in unjust limitations and restrictions. This study investigates Millennial sexting behaviour by considering general and gendered perceptions of sexting to better understand the phenomenon; its risks, benefits, and the practice itself. An exploratory mixed methods study amongst university students (N = 579) revealed expected and unexpected findings. Respondents acknowledged sexting's risks, while the benefits of and motivations for sexting were emphasised with little evidence of negative pressure. It is argued that the benefits of sexting greatly outweigh the potential risks, but moreover, that sexting is a primarily feminist practice that holds much promise. The need for sextual education and awareness of sext-consent is examined, as theoretical and policy implications are discussed.

As texting continues to serve as an increasingly common method of communication among emerging adults, increases in rates of sexting, or sending sexually explicit messages, pictures, or videos, have also been observed. While consensual sexting can facilitate intimacy in relationships, when used as a tool to victimize others, it has been shown to yield a range of negative outcomes-from embarrassment to severe depression and suicide. This chapter aims to review the existing literature on emerging adults' engagement in and evaluations of sexting, while also considering the risks associated with sexting victimization. The role that individual characteristics, such as attachment style and rejection sensitivity, play in the relationship between experiences with and evaluations of using sexting as a tool for victimization will also be explored. !

Criminality in cyberspace has been the subject of much debate since the 1990s, yet, comparatively little attention has been paid to technology facilitated sexual violence and harassment (TFSV). The aim of the paper is to explore the ways in which retraditionalized gender hierarchies and inequalities are manifested in online contexts, and to conceptualize the cause and effects of TFSV as “embodied harms.” We argue that problematic mind/body and online/offline dualisms result in a failure to grasp the unique nature of embodied harms, precluding an adequate understanding and theorization of TFSV in cyberspace.

Sexualization might seem like a sympathetic explanation for sexting because it positions girls as innocent victims of mass culture. However, there are problematic unintended consequences with understanding sexting, the practice of sharing personal sexual content via mobile phones or the internet, in this particular way. One troubling implication is that it provides a rationale for holding girls who sext criminally responsible for producing child pornography. A second is that when girls' acceptance of sexualization is positioned as a key social problem, the solution that emerges is that girls must raise their self-esteem and gain better media literacy skills. Despite the value of such skills, a focus on girls' deficiencies can divert attention from the perpetrators of gender- and sexuality-based violence. Finally, discourses about sexualization often erase girls' capacity for choice, relying instead on normative assumptions about healthy sexuality. Interrogating the pathologization of girls' apparent conformity to sexualization and mass culture highlights the complexity of agency.

Las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TICs) son un conjunto de técnicas cada vez más habituales en nuestra vida diaria, que nos aportan enormes beneficios y ventajas.  Una característica de las TICs es la velocidad exponencial de cambio y mejora tecnológica, que en ocasiones los hijos tienen que enseñar a los padres. Esta situación obliga a escuelas y docentes a proporcionar de conocimientos y riesgos de las TICs al nuevo alumnado. No existen los nativos digitales como ha dicho en su día Marc Prensky en la revista On the Horizon (2001).
Según las fuerzas y cuerpos de seguridad en el año 2014 se incrementó un 15% la delincuencia y por ello el  mal uso de las TICs.  El acoso por medios electrónicos (ciberbullying) es una realidad que afecta al 10 % de los jóvenes en España [ CITATION ElP16 \l 3082 ] y en paralelo están a surgir otras problemáticas según la publicación  EU Kids Online de la Universidad del País Vasco (2016). Este informe destaca la creación, envío y visionado de imágenes de naturaleza sexual (sexting), encuentros con desconocidos o el visionado de pornografía por menores. Además  existen otros riesgos como el grooming que consiste en las acciones de un adulto para lograrse la confianza de un menor y posteriormente poder abusar sexualmente de él.
Partiendo de este conjunto de datos se ve necesario estudiar esta problemática en la juventud para posteriormente ofrecer diferentes soluciones como podrían ser talleres, decálogo de buenas prácticas u otras medidas para su prevención.

This paper is concerned with the impact of online technologies on public representations of sexual violence. Drawing on Habermas’s theories of the public sphere and Fraser’s associated critiques, it argues that the Internet has become host to ‘counter-publics’ in which allegations of sexual violence are being received, discussed and acted upon in ways contrary to established social and legal norms. The potentialities of online technology (and social media in particular) to foster and disseminate counter-hegemonic discourses are examined through three case studies in which girls and women have used various online platforms to make extrajudicial allegations of sexual violence and abuse. Where alleged perpetrators of sexual violence are publicly named, it has been argued that such action represents an invasion of their privacy and a subversion of their right to the presumption of innocence and a fair trial. In online contexts such allegations can be received and understood very differently, and these understandings are then circulated in ways that can directly influence ‘old media’ coverage and court outcomes. However, as the paper notes, the principles upon which online counter-publics operate are not radically discontinuous with those of the hegemonic public sphere and not all girls and women have equal access to the support of online networks and activists.

How is social media changing contemporary understandings of crime and injustice, and what contribution can it make to justice-seeking? Abuse on social media often involves betrayals of trust and invasions of privacy that range from the public circulation of intimate photographs to mass campaigns of public abuse and harassment using platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, 8chan and Reddit – forms of abuse that disproportionately target women and children.

Crime, Justice and Social Media argues that online abuse is not discontinuous with established patterns of inequality but rather intersects with and amplifies them. Embedded within social media platforms are inducements to abuse and harass other users who are rarely provided with the tools to protect themselves or interrupt the abuse of others. There is a relationship between the values that shape the technological design and administration of social media, and those that inform the use of abuse and harassment to exclude and marginalise diverse participants in public life.

Drawing on original qualitative research, this book is essential reading for students and scholars in the fields of cyber-crime, media and crime, cultural criminology, and gender and crime.

Many of the responses to teen sexting are ineffective and unjust: authorities sometimes blame the victims of nonconsensual sexting, use harsh child pornography laws against minors, and give teenagers the advice to simply abstain. While some scholars champion girls’ media production practices, mass media coverage of girls’ social media use since the early 2000s has emphasized concerns that they are creating and sharing sexual content. In this paper, I illustrate and challenge common concerns about the negative effect of digital and mobile media on how girls communicate and who they can communicate with. I argue that thinking about sexting as media production would encourage researchers to pay more attention to the sexual opportunities of social media as well as the risks. Thinking about consensual sexting as an act of media authorship also pushes models of media production to better account for the privacy rights of people who create social media content.

El presente reporte nace con la finalidad de conocer la problemática existente respecto a la difusión de contenido no consentido, y generar conciencia en materia de prevención, esto con base en estadísticas e información solicitada a través de la plataforma de transparencia del INAI a las diversas fiscalías estatales, y cómo la ley Olimpia ha evolucionado desde que se tipificó en el Código Penal del Estado de Puebla el 10 de diciembre de 2018 hasta la fecha de lanzamiento de este reporte.

Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie złożoności kwestii zagrożeń związanych z obecnością dzieci i młodzieży w cyberprzestrzeni. Autorzy
podejmują próbę usystematyzowania tej problematyki i przedstawienia
najbardziej niebezpiecznych zjawisk. Opisują także i klasyfikują najnowsze zagrożenia, podkreślając, że na skutek dynamicznego rozwoju internetu ich katalog nieustannie się powiększa, tym samym wymaga ciągłych uzupełnień. Ważną funkcję w procesie monitorowania zagrożeń, przeciwdziałania im i łagodzenia ich skutków odgrywa edukacja medialna, której znaczenie w systemach edukacji na całym świecie jest coraz większe, w Polsce jednak pozostaje kwestią bagatelizowaną.

Research Risks of Internet communication IV is the fourth nationwide
research.
It was implemented within the E-Bezpeci project, which has been guaranteed
since 2010 by professional department –Centre for the Prevention of risky
virtual communication, Palacky University Olomouc, and its interest was in
the occurrence of risky behaviours associated with information and
communication technologies (especially the Internet) in a population of
Czech children.
Specifically these risky phenomenons were monitored:
A. Cyberbullying (various forms of cyberbullying, depending on the chosen
communication environments).
B. Establishing virtual contacts (communication with unknown people and
personal meetings with them; basis for the cybergrooming).
C. Sexting (in the form of public sharing of intimate materials the internet
and in the form of providing intimate material on request).
D. Sharing of personal data on the Internet (focused on sharing face
photos).
E. Other related phenomena.
Their definitions are given in the basic theoretical background of the
monograph (chapter 1). Description of the research methodology including
presentation of the descriptive part we present in the second and third chapter
of the text. Relational part of the research has been published in professional
periodicals; therefore, it is not mentioned here.
7
Possibilities of prevention of risky behaviour on the Internet are outlined in
the fourth chapter. The bibliography and the sources, by which the readers of
this monograph can increase awareness about issues examined, are to be
found in the fifth chapter.

Le occasioni di intrusione nella privacy sessuale delle persone si sono, negli ultimi anni, decisamente moltiplicate. Essa risulta invasa e manipolata secondo sempre nuove ed inquietanti declinazioni, tra le quali, la più grave, non
foss’altro per la sua maggiore diffusione, è la divulgazione di immagini intime, che, nel linguaggio comune, è spesso indicata con la controversa espressione “revenge porn”.
Il grave danno subito dalle vittime di “revenge porn” e le dimensioni che il fenomeno sta assumendo hanno già indotto i legislatori dei principali ordinamenti angloamericani ad introdurre una specifica fattispecie incriminatrice, ed impongono di interrogarsi sulla possibilità di disciplinare in via diretta anche nel nostro ordinamento gli effetti penali della divulgazione non consensuale di immagini pornografiche.
Il presente lavoro, quindi, prendendo le mosse da una messa a fuoco del fenomeno sotto diversi punti di vista (“in action”, terminologico, statistico), nonché da un’analisi del quadro di tutela attualmente predisposto dal sistema penale italiano, si propone di maturare alcune prime riflessioni sull’eventuale incriminazione specifica in ossequio ai canoni dell’offensività e della sussidiarietà.

Intrusions in the privacy of people’s sex life have become very common in recent years. Among the various forms of intrusion the most serious one, at least in terms of diffusiveness, is the dissemination of private sexual images, often referred to as “revenge porn”. The harmfulness for the victims of “revenge porn” and the dimensions of such a phenomenon have already induced lawmakers in the main AngloAmerican legal systems to introduce a specific criminal offence, so that it is crucial to assess if in our legal system the criminalisation of disseminating private sexy images would be a viable option. This essay, starting from an analysis of the phenomenon at issue from several standpoints (“in action”, linguistic, statistic) as well as the criminal law legal framework in Italy, aims to present some preliminary reflections on a proper criminal provision in light of the harm principle and the principle of minimal criminalisation.

While the United Nations (UN) Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) does not require states to elevate children’s rights to constitutional status, in recent years various European countries have discussed whether to include specific child rights in their constitutions. This contribution illustrates the remarkably different approach towards the constitutionalisation of the rights of the child shown by Austria, Germany and Italy. Against this background, this contribution explores how these different constitutional perspectives might impact the criminal regulation of ‘sexting’, that is, the consensual exchange of sexual content via information and communications technology. This emerging issue, at the crossroads of the recognition of children’s right to privacy and the need to protect them from sexual abuse and child pornography, provides an intriguing setting in which to examine the actual influence of children’s human rights. Drawing on this analysis, this contribution argues that a clear constitutional recognition of children’s rights may advance their actual implementation in legislation. Furthermore, it elaborates on some key requirements that a rights-based criminal regulation of consensual sexting should fulfil. Child participation in particular is needed in order for the legislator to appreciate the children’s situation in full and acknowledge children as full rights-holders. Linking constitutional and criminal law, this contribution provides a thorough analysis of the three countries’ stances towards the rights of the child, as well as their actual relevance as regards a highly sensitive issue with which most legislatures are currently struggling.

El reciente estreno de la serie Euphoria (Leshem, Levin y Yardeni, 2019) ha generado una multitud de reacciones al retratar en
un presente vertiginoso las vicisitudes de un grupo de jóvenes pertenecientes a la Generación Z -aquella integrada por los nacidos entre
1995 y 2010- que intentan devenir adultxs en un contexto tan apabullante como excluyente. El novedoso contenido de HBO presenta los
sentimientos de estxs adolescentes marcadxs por la ansiedad, la incertidumbre respecto al futuro, la soledad y el vacío, que se refuerzan
en el vínculo estrecho que mantienen con las redes sociales.
Lxs llamadxs nativxs digitales comparten el hecho de haber nacido
en una sociedad donde las tecnologías no solo condicionan su forma
de comunicación sino también lo referente a su constitución subjetiva.
La serie exhibe a sus personajes atravesadxs por una exaltación maníaca que no tarda en expresar su contracara depresiva. ¿Cómo podemos pensar estos acontecimientos? ¿Qué vínculos se constituyen entre estxs jóvenes? ¿Cómo influyen las tecnologías actuales? ¿De qué
forma las utilizan para la exploración de sus sexualidades? Es necesario
aclarar que no son la similitud de gustos o la predisposición a determinada afección lo que hacen a un grupo partícipe de una misma generación, sino las coincidencias nacidas del hecho de tener que tomar
posición ante ciertos hechos o acontecimientos que caracterizan o
marcan un tiempo (Carpintero y Lafuente, 2007).
Al comienzo de la trama, observamos el nacimiento de la protagonista, Rue, a pocos días del atentado a las Torres Gemelas, el 11 de
septiembre de 2001, hecho que contextualiza el complejo entramado
en el que transitan lxs personajes. A lo largo de los episodios, esta ficción va explorando las diversas problemáticas que atañen a cada uno
de lxs integrantes del grupo y cómo estxs alternan entre la euforia y el
desaliento. Nos centraremos aquí en los vínculos sexo-afectivos que
se presentan en dos ocasiones diferentes que sin embargo convergen
en la violencia de género. En primer lugar, abordaremos la relación
entre Nate y Maddy, marcada por la violencia verbal y física, y luego,
la situación que atraviesa Cassie en tanto las relaciones que sostiene
se ven dificultadas por el uso de la tecnología y el sexting.
Existen diferentes formas en las que se expresa la violencia, y consideramos de suma importancia poder detectar aquellas que están
naturalizadas, invisibilizadas u omitidas. Por este motivo, haremos un
recorrido a través de sus diversas manifestaciones con la intención
de visibilizar una problemática que nos convoca y para dar cuenta de
la relevancia que tiene la implementación de la Educación Sexual Integral en las escuelas, tanto en el ámbito privado como en el público y
en todos los niveles, tal como sanciona la Ley N° 26.150/2006.

In the last decade, the media all over the world have covered the stories of teens who committed suicide or suffered severe harm following periods of online harassment. Cyberbullying statistics of 2014 are alarming. Only last year, 52 percent of young people reported being cyberbullied, 11 percent reported embarrassing or damaging photographs taken without their knowledge or consent. 55 percent of teenagers who use social media have witnessed bullying via that medium.  On the Internet every information may become a permanent record, following the users who were not aware of the consequences of their ‘click’ when they shared a photo or posted a text. The aim of the chapter is to demonstrate how academic research findings can have practical implications for prevention and intervention programs designed by marketing practitioners, foundations and organizations that aim to reduce online harassment, through various campaigns worldwide, which remain the focus of the study. The first part of the chapter offers (1) an overview of risky online behaviours related to bullying, the nature of (2) online tortures, (3) cyberbullies, (4) their victims and (5) limitless audience, with special emphasis on (6) the witness-bystander’s role in escalating or reducing the abuse, to demonstrate the recent (7) anti-cyberbullying campaigns, launched in Europe, North and South America, which aim to transform silent Bystanders into Cyber-Samaritans. Content analysis of anti-cyberbullying posters and commercials launched in the last decade, shows the shift of emphasis: from 1. bully-focused campaigns, through 2. victim-focused advertisements, to 3. bystander-focused efforts, aimed at developing dissenting communication models and encouraging bystander intervention. Given the growing number of cyberbullied, and inadvertent witnesses of online abuse and hate speech, every effort to make the Internet safer, or at least a less threatening space, is worth sharing.

This chapter explores the laws that frame sexting with a particular focus on Australia and Europe. International concerns over the impact that new technologies have had on child pornography and child abuse have led to countries strengthening laws to protect children. The chapter analyses how such reforms have impacted on children who engage in sexting and whether children have been criminalised for sexting behaviours. It will be seen that some countries have taken quite divergent approaches. This chapter concludes by assessing how and whether a legal response to sexting is appropriate and necessary.

‘Sexualisation’ has been dismissed by some as no more than yet another moral panic about youth and sex. However, it is striking that the term appears to have helped galvinise feminist activism, speaking in some way to the experiences of young people. Building from a history and analysis of the term, I propose that ‘sexualisation’ has served as an interpretive theory of contradictory gender norms, using the figure of the ‘girl’ to gesture towards an intensifying contradiction between the demand that young women display both desirability and innocence. In addressing sexist dimensions of gender norms through the figure of the ‘girl’, a minor, discourses on sexualisation can help circumvent liberal objections about free choice. However, I also express concern that the term has facilitated a focus in media and policy texts which attends less to gender inequity than on sexuality as a contaminant of young femininity.

This chapter reports on research examining young people's understandings of gender roles in everyday digital cultures and communication technologies, and in relation to sexting practices. A cyber-safety narrative film that addresses sexting, cyber-bullying, and digital citizenship was used as a springboard for focus group discussions with 24 young people in Victoria, Australia. The chapter outlines the key findings regarding how young people understood and explained common gender dynamics in relation to bullying, cyberbullying, and sexting, reflecting as they did in these discussions on both the gender relations depicted in commonly used cyber-safety narrative resources, as well as in their own social lives. The chapter describes a discussion that arose among female participants around the 'slut' label, concerns about the possibility for sexual rumours to be spread via digital social networks , and associated on-and offline harassment over sexual things they had not actually done. This discussion, it is argued, illustrates the way girls feel responsible for protecting themselves from the potential psychic injuries of the slut label through strict sexual self-regulation, knowing that they cannot control malevolent and frequent use of this label by peers on-and offline. Future narrative resources that seek to address sexting and cyberbullying need to more clearly identify and respond to sexual harassment and sexism as a persistent feature of young people's digital and school cultures.

Con la fulminea introduzione dell’art. 612-ter nel codice penale anche il legislatore italiano ha inteso criminalizzare in via diretta e specifica il c.d. “revenge porn”, la pratica di pubblicare immagini sessualmente esplicite senza il consenso delle persone raffigurate. La formulazione del nuovo reato solleva molteplici perplessità, specie sul piano della sua efficacia applicativa, che sembrano in gran parte da addebitare ad un iter legislativo affrettato, nel quale sono difettati un inquadramento generale del fenomeno e l’approfondimento delle sottostanti esigenze di criminalizzazione. Il contributo, muovendo da questi aspetti, e sottolineando anche l’importanza di abbandonare l’utilizzo del neologismo inglese per adottare la denominazione “pornografia non consensuale”, procede all’esame dell’art. 612-ter c.p. in costante dialogo con le soluzioni adottate dai legislatori stranieri e con le fattispecie incentrate sulla divulgazione di immagini già presenti nell’ordinamento italiano. Il commento del nuovo delitto si sofferma altresì sull’elemento della non consensualità della diffusione delle immagini, ed in particolare sui suoi riflessi sull’imputazione soggettiva, proponendone un’interpretazione innovativa, ispirata alle teorie dell’“affirmative consent” recepite da numerosi Stati americani in relazione ai delitti sessuali.

With the lightning-fast introduction of Article 612-terin the Italian Criminal Code, the Italian lawmaker too wanted to directly and specifically criminalize the so-called “revenge porn”, i.e. the practice of posting sexual images without the consent of the people featured therein. The wording of the provisions governing the new crime raises many doubts, especially in terms of its practical effectiveness. These concerns are likely to mostly originate from a rushed legislative process, which lacked a general framing of the “revenge porn” phenomenon and an in-depth analysis of the underlying needs to criminalize. This essay – starting from these aspects and also underlining the importance of replacing the English neologism of “revenge porn” with the more appropriate wording of “nonconsensual pornography” – examines Article 612-ter of the Italian Criminal Code in comparison with the solutions implemented by other foreign legislators, as well as with other offences focusing on the dissemination of images, which already existed in the Italian legal system. This paper also discusses the element of lack of consent in the dissemination of images and it specifically focuses on its effects in terms of mens rea. The Author provides an innovative interpretation based on the “affirmative consent” theories applied to sex crimes in several US States.

Аннотация: В статье представлены способы конструирования сексуальной идентичности субъекта и объекта взаимодействия в секстинге. Материалом исследования послужили корпусы русскоязычных и англоязычных секстов в суммарном количестве 500 текстов.
Ключевые слова: сексуальная коммуникация, порнография, виртуальный секс, сексуальная идентичность, секстинг.

Both mobile phone communication and the genre of sex advice writing are often criticized, the former as unkind and the latter as sexist. Yet some research indicates that digitally mediated communication may have some advantages, particularly when disinhibition might confer benefits such as personal expression or resisting coercion and sexual harassment. This paper investigates whether consent is discussed differently in popular online sexting tips articles as compared with a similar set of general sex advice articles. I find that while general sex tips infrequently address consent and offer communication as an optional practice, sexting tips stress the importance of consent more often and warn sexters about the potential harm an unwanted sext might cause to a recipient. I suggest that this may be due to the particular affordances of mobile phone communication, including lack of physical proximity, asynchronicity, and the reduction of unconscious nonverbal communication. Because this discourse about consent appears in a popular format, it may have the potential to serve as a model for a broader cultural shift towards the normalization of explicit communication about consent for all sexual acts.

This thesis explores the challenges of navigating young women’s sexual agency and consent in the digital age. To do so I address the subject of sexting, the policing of young women’s sexuality through cyberbullying, and audience responses to a case of sextortion in an episode of Degrassi: The Next Generation. In each case, I argue that young women are continuously policed and shamed by others for visible displays of their sexuality.

Este documento pertenece a una serie planificada de actividades de investigación que hemos emprendido dentro del proyecto Prevención Ciberviolencia en conjunto con el Instituto de Ciberseguridad y Redbird-Seguridad ofensiva, con la intención de comprender y exponer el contexto general de la violencia digital y de género que vivimos en México, el objetivo es reflexionar cómo interfieren las diferentes leyes que han sido generadas y aprobadas en las distintas entidades estatales como; la "ley Olimpia" así mismo la labor social que realizamos diferentes instituciones u organizaciones autónomos que luchamos en contra de la violencia digital, esta información complementaria la podrán encontrar en nuestro anterior reporte que se proporcionara al final de este documento.

This paper is concerned with the long-term impact of media reporting, moral panics and fear of crime on the punishment of drug users in Northern Ireland and the implications for other jurisdictions. Drug use amongst young people, has been widely reported in the media, resulting in two significant moral panics (1994 ecstasy, 2011 mephedrone). Residual mistrust of the criminal justice system in Northern Ireland has catalysed the emergence of paramilitary policing/ vigilantism as a means of dealing with people’s drug use. Failure by state institutions to extinguish paramilitary violence outright has facilitated the reinvention of vigilante organisations as ‘saviours of the community.’ Consequently, their role as a quasi-police force is valorised. Recently there has been similar media reporting and vigilante violence towards retailers selling legal highs in New Zealand.
Discussing findings from focus groups and interviews carried out in Northern Ireland and New Zealand, this paper will provide insights from Northern Ireland including the implications of such actions for the drug using community.
Keywords: media, moral panics, drugs, fear of crime

This study explores participation in sexting by teenagers and examines the potential risk factors for individuals who engage in sexting behaviour in the city of Harare, Zimbabwe. The term 'sexting' was coined by the popular media to describe the dissemination of sexually explicit or suggestive messages via cellular phone (Shafron-Perez, 2009; Boucek, 2009; Dilberto & Mattey, 2009). The person who originates the 'sext' is often unable to control where the message is forwarded, which can result in the content of the messages being seen by others besides the intended viewer (Shafron

Este artículo explora una forma de comunicación digital entre jóvenes que surge con el abaratamiento de las tecnologías digitales y la emergencia de Internet: el sexting. A partir de una metodología cualitativa y un enfoque teórico de género, explora las formas de vivencia y significación de esta práctica en jóvenes de 15 a 19 años, de dos ciudades mexicanas. Se concluye que el sexting debe entenderse como una práctica colectiva, no individual, inserta en un entramado de relaciones de género y, por tanto, de poder. Busca contribuir a la comprensión de un fenómeno comunicativo nuevo y poco estudiado en México.
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This paper explores a form of digital communication among young people that arises with the cheapening of digital technologies and the emergence of the Internet: sexting. Based on a qualitative methodology and a gender theoretical approach, it explores the forms of experience and significance of this practice in young people aged 15 to 19, from two Mexican cities. It is concluded that sexting should be understood as a collective practice, not individual, inserted in a framework of gender relations and, therefore, of power. It seeks to contribute to the understanding of a new and hardly studied communicative phenomenon in Mexico.