Social recognition

Resumen: objetivo/contexto: se identifican los factores socioculturales y experiencias de vida que participan en los procesos de incorporación social de migrantes provenientes de Colombia que residen hoy en Chile, junto con el análisis de sus procesos migratorios y de inserción en la ciudad de Santiago. Metodología: a través del trabajo de campo realizado entre los años 2015 y 2018 en la ciudad de Santiago de Chile, y a partir de una metodología cualitativa, se observa en los colombianos una lucha por el reconocimiento, la que aquí indagamos a partir de sus tres formas o esferas: los afectos cercanos y la autoconfianza; las relaciones de igualdad, del derecho; y la participación económica, de la solidaridad, ejes transversales de nuestro marco referencial para la comprensión de los procesos de reconocimiento e incorporación social de los migrantes colombianos en la sociedad chilena. Conclusiones: los resultados muestran que las personas afrocolombianas —la mayoría procedentes de Cali y del sur de Colombia— señalan ser objeto de recurrentes expresiones de racismo, que se suman a los estereotipos generales sobre la sociedad colombiana. Se constata además una fuerte diversidad y fragmentación entre migrantes colombianos basadas en particularidades regionales, de estrato socioeconómico, ocupación y género. Originalidad: son escasos los textos que han analizado las condiciones y trayectorias de los/as colombianos/as en Santiago de Chile.

Palabras clave: América Latina, incorporación social, migraciones, movilidad Colombia-Chile, reconocimiento social, vulnerabilidad.

Social Incorporation of Colombian Migrants in Chile? Vulnerability and the Struggle for Recognition

Abstract: Objective/context: Identifies the socio-cultural factors and life experiences that are involved in the social incorporation of Colombian migrants currently residing in Chile, also analyzing their migration and insertion in the city of Santiago. Methodology: Through the fieldwork carried out between 2015 and 2018 in the city of Santiago de Chile, and based on a qualitative methodology, we reveal Colombians' struggle for recognition, which we investigate here based on its three forms or spheres: close affects and self-confidence; relations of equality, of rights; and economic participation, of solidarity. These are the transversal axes of our frame of reference through which to understand the recognition and social incorporation of Colombian migrants in Chilean society. Conclusions: The results show that Afro-Colombians - the majority from Cali and southern Colombia - are subject to recurrent expressions of racism, in addition to general stereotypes regarding Colombian society. There is also a marked diversity and fragmentation among Colombian migrants based on regional particularities, socio-economic status, occupation, and gender. Originality: Few texts have analyzed the conditions and trajectories of Colombians in Santiago de Chile.

Keywords: Chile-Colombia mobility, Latin America, migrations social incorporation, social recognition, vulnerability.


Incorporação social de migrantes colombianos no Chile? Vulnerabilidade e luta por reconhecimento

Resumo: objetivo/contexto: identifica-se os fatores socioculturais e experiências de vida que participam dos processos de inclusão social dos migrantes da Colômbia que atualmente residem no Chile, bom como a análise de seus processos migratórios e de inserção na cidade de Santiago. Metodologia: através do trabalho de campo realizado entre 2015 e 2018 na cidade de Santiago do Chile, com base em uma metodologia qualitativa, observa-se uma luta por reconhecimento nos colombianos, que foi estudada aqui a partir de três formas ou esferas: afetos íntimos e autoconfiança, relações de igualdade e de direito, e a participação econômica, de solidariedade, eixos transversais referenciais para a compreensão de processos de reconhecimento e inclusão social dos migrantes colombianos na sociedade chilena. Conclusões: os resultados mostram que os afro-colombianos, a maioria de Cali e do sul da Colômbia, afirmam estar sujeitos a expressões recorrentes de racismo, que são somados aos estereótipos gerais sobre a sociedade colombiana. Há também uma forte diversidade e fragmentação entre os migrantes colombianos, com base em particularidades regionais, status socioeconômico, ocupação e gênero. Originalidade: poucos textos que analisaram as condições e trajetórias dos colombianos em Santiago do Chile.

Palavras-chave: América Latina, inclusão social, migrações, mobilidade Chile-Colômbia, reconhecimento social, vulnerabilidade.

Through analyzing narratives of Korean heritage language (HL) users, this article explores whether and to what degree these language users experience social inclusion and a sense of belonging in Korean society. We expand the field of HL research by investigating the experiences of four Korean-born, US-raised adoptee-returnees who currently reside in Seoul, South Korea and speak Korean as an additional language. We employ ethnographically-informed narrative inquiry by drawing on interviews, observations, and the personal experience of the second author (a member of this community) to explore how adoptee-returnees’ learning of Korean as a HL affects their settlement success, social recognition, and sense of ethnic and cultural belonging in the country of their birth. The participants’ narratives show that they feel distanced by Korean citizens in daily interactions, and that they connect more closely with people on the margins of Korean society, including other Korean adoptees. Despite this apparent lack of social inclusion, adoptee-returnees do claim belonging through their participation in the third place of the adoptee-returnee social network in Seoul in a myriad of ways.