Standard Model

A translation of the π-calculus into the MONSTR graph rewriting language is described and proved correct. The translation illustrates the heavy cost in practice of faithfully implementing the communication primitive of the π-calculus and similar process calculi. It also illustrates the convenience of representing an evolving network of communicating agents directly within a graph manipulation formalism, both because the necessity to use delicate notions of bound variables and of scopes is avoided, and also because the standard model of graphs in set theory automatically yields a useful semantics for the process calculus. The correctness proof illustrates many features typically encountered in reasoning about graph rewriting systems, and particularly how serialisation techniques can be used to reorder an arbitrary execution into one having stated desirable properties.

A grand unification of electroweak and strong forces is presented based on a new idea called Unified Charged Vectors. Using this new concept, it is shown that: 1. The electroweak and strong forces can be unified into a single electro-weak-strong force. 2. The various charges and coupling constants of fermions (like the electroweak mixing angle) can be predicted, rather than presupposed. 3. The Lagrangian symmetries can be predicted rather than presupposed. 4. The standard model Lagrangian can be cast into a simple unified form.

We calculate the incoherent resonant and non-resonant scattering production of sterile neutrinos in the early universe. We find ranges of sterile neutrino masses, vacuum mixing angles, and initial lepton numbers which allow these species to constitute viable hot, warm, and cold dark matter (HDM, WDM, CDM) candidates which meet observational constraints. The constraints considered here include energy loss in core collapse supernovae, energy density limits at big bang nucleosynthesis, and those stemming from sterile neutrino decay: limits from observed cosmic microwave background anisotropies, diffuse extragalactic background radiation, and Li-6/D overproduction. Our calculations explicitly include matter effects, both effective mixing angle suppression and enhancement (MSW resonance), as well as quantum damping. We for the first time properly include all finite temperature effects, dilution resulting from the annihilation or disappearance of relativistic degrees of freedom, and the scattering-rate-enhancing effects of particle-antiparticle pairs (muons, tauons, quarks) at high temperature in the early universe.

The Caldeira-Leggett Hamiltonian describes the interaction of a discrete harmonic oscillator with a continuous bath of harmonic oscillators. This system is a standard model of dissipation in macroscopic low temperature physics, and has applications to superconductors, quantum computing, and macroscopic quantum tunneling. The similarities between the Caldeira-Leggett model and the linearized Vlasov-Poisson equation are analyzed, and it is shown that the damping in the Caldeira-Leggett model is analogous to that of Landau damping in plasmas (Landau, 1946 [1]). An invertible linear transformation (Morrison and Pfirsch, 1992 [18]; Morrison, 2000 [19]) is presented that converts solutions of the Caldeira-Leggett model into solutions of the linearized Vlasov-Poisson system.

This paper develops some results regarding the economic value added and real options. We use Merton's (1987) model of capital market equilibrium with incomplete information to introduce information costs in the pricing of real assets. This model allows a new definition of the cost of capital in the presence of information uncertainty. Using the methodology in Bellalah (2001, 2002) for the pricing of real options, we extend the standard models to account for shadow costs of incomplete information. JEL Classification: G12, G20, G31 Keywords: EVA; Real options; Information costs I. INTRODUCTION Over the last two decades, a body of academic research takes the methodology used in financial option pricing and applies it to real options in what is well known as real options theory. This approach recognizes the importance of flexibility in business activities. Today, options are worth more than ever because of the new realities of the actual economy: information intensity, instantaneous...

In models with compact extra dimensions, where the Standard Model fields are confined to a 3+1 dimensional hyperplane, the $t \bar t$ production cross-section at a hadron collider can receive significant contributions from multiple exchange of KK modes of the graviton. These are carefully computed in the well-known ADD and RS scenarios, taking the energy dependence of the sum over

The recently introduced Galois/Counter Mode (GCM) of op- eration for block ciphers provides both encryption and message authenti- cation, using universal hashing based on multiplication in a binary finite field. We analyze its security and performance, and show that it is the most ecient mode of operation for high speed packet networks, by using a realistic model of a network

Comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) based on three-dimensional quantitative structure–activity relationship (3D-QSAR) studies were conducted on a series (39 molecules) of peptidyl vinyl sulfone derivatives as potential Plasmodium Falciparum cysteine proteases inhibitors. Two different methods of alignment were employed: (i) a receptor-docked alignment derived from the structure-based docking algorithm GOLD and (ii) a

A new approach explaining how the Strong Nuclear force is engendered without Quarks or the exchange of virtual particles. Heisenberg's Uncertainty principle is scrutinised and found to be incapable of allowing virtual photons to propagate the electromagnetic force to infinity. Suggesting that the Standard Model's reliance on virtual exchange particles to create the four fundamental forces of nature is unworkable.

All fields of the standard model and gravity are unified as an E8 principal bundle connection. A non-compact real form of the E8 Lie algebra has G2 and F4 subalgebras which break down to strong su(3), electroweak su(2) x u(1), gravitational so(3,1), the frame-Higgs, and three generations of fermions related by triality. The interactions and dynamics of these 1-form and Grassmann valued parts of an E8 superconnection are described by the curvature and action over a four dimensional base manifold.

We perform a comprehensive study of the allowed range for the Tevatron tbar{t} forward-backward asymmetries in six representative new physics models: a flavour-changing Z' boson, a scalar isodoublet, a W' boson, a heavy axigluon, a colour-triplet and a colour-sextet scalar. We devote special attention to the constraints from the tbar{t} tail at LHC on the parameter space, which will be dramatic if the measurements agree with the Standard Model prediction, specially for Z' and W' bosons. We also study the predictions for the charge asymmetries at LHC and compare several proposed definitions.

Recent work has conjectured that, under general boundary conditions, non-equilibrium Renormalization Group flows are likely to end up on strange attractors. If this conjecture is true, effective field theories must necessarily reflect the properties of these attractors. We start from the observation that, seemingly disparate concepts such as the Berry phase, gauge potentials and the curvature tensor of General Relativity (GR), share a common geometric foundation. Developing further, we posit that the dynamics of gauge and gravitational fields may be derived from the global attributes of strange attractors. The motivation behind this ansatz is that the Navier-Stokes equations bridge the gap between fluid turbulence, on the one hand, and the mathematics of GR and gauge theory, on the other.

Although popular, Bigbang cosmology still contains critical untested assumptions and unresolved logical conflicts. Recent observational and theoretical insights suggest it has become feasible to consider developing a new standard model of cosmology. Parameters for developing such a Continuous State Holographic Conscious Multiverse (HCM) are introduced in a preliminary form. The fundamental least unit of the new 11(12)D superspace makes correspondence with M-Theory, introduces the origin of complexity in self -organized living systems and refines the role of the observer in physical theory.

We consider the consequences of a neutral dark-matter particle with a nonzero electric and/or magnetic dipole moment. Theoretical constraints, as well as constraints from direct searches, precision tests of the standard-model, the cosmic microwave background and matter power spectra, and cosmic gamma rays, are included. We find that a relatively light particle with mass between an MeV and a few GeV and an electric or magnetic dipole as large as ˜3×10-16e cm (roughly 1.6×10-5μB) satisfies all experimental and observational bounds. Some of the remaining parameter space may be probed with forthcoming more sensitive direct searches and with the Gamma-Ray Large Area Space Telescope.