Tourism and Events

Events are becoming more complex as their range of functions grows, as meeting places, creative spaces, economic catalysts, social drivers, community builders, image makers, business forums and network nodes. Effective design can produce more successful business models that can help to sustain cultural and sporting activities even in difficult economic times. This process requires creative imagination, and a design methodology or in other words ‘imagineering’.

This book brings together a wide range of international experts in the fields of events, design and imagineering to examine the event design process. It explores the entire event experience from conception and production to consumption and co-creation. By doing so it offers insight into effective strategies for coping with the shift in value creation away from transactional economic value towards social and relational value which benefit a range of stakeholders from the community to policy makers. Mega-events, small community events, business events and festivals in eight different countries are examined providing an international view of social issues in event design.

A wide selection of current research perspectives is employed, integrating both theoretical and applied contributions. The multidisciplinary nature of the material means that it will appeal to a broad academic audience, such as art and design, cultural studies, tourism, events studies, sociology and hospitality.

O Livro encontra-se dividido em 5 capítulos. O Capítulo I – Eventos: Conceitos, Categorias e Tipologias – apresenta as diferentes
abordagens sobre o conceito evento e descreve as tipologias e categorias dos eventos. Discute também a importância dos eventos culturais na sociedade e a sua importância para o turismo.
O Capítulo II – Os eventos como objecto de estudo – analisa os eventos como campo de estudo académico. Seguidamente apresenta o contributo de diversas disciplinas para o estudo dos eventos. Por último, é feita uma abordagem à investigação em turismo e eventos onde se enfatiza a importância da pesquisa qualitativa e quantitativa.
O Capítulo III – Turismo e Eventos – reflecte sobre a relação do turismo com os eventos e a importância que estes têm para melhorar a imagem de um destino. É feita uma abordagem aos impactos culturais, sociais, económicos, políticos e ambientais que os eventos provocam nas sociedades onde se realizam. O capítulo aborda também a questão da autenticidade, das festas e da (re) invenção da tradição.
O Capítulo IV – Motivação, Experiência e Satisfação em Turismo e Eventos - analisa de forma pormenorizada as questões da motivação em turismo e eventos. Seguidamente realçam-se as diferentes considerações teóricas feitas à experiência em turismo e eventos, nomeadamente no campo da Sociologia, da Antropologia, da Psicologia, da Economia e da Geografia. Finalmente é feita uma abordagem à questão da satisfação em turismo e eventos culturais.
O Capítulo V – Estudo de Caso: Turismo, Turistas e Eventos Culturais na Ilha da Madeira .

Undoubtedly, during last decade festivals and events consist a growing industry globally. Various researches argue the festivals and events can affect positively the economy, society and culture of a destination. As a result, destinations around the world have developed events and festivals to improve local economy but also to increase social cohesiveness. Regarding the latter, it has been argued that festivals can be approached as small communities. This concept is part of the broader sense of communitas sentiment or as referred to in the international literature, the sense of community (SOC) and is directly linked to the development and building of resilient social ties or describe the perception of belonging that makes the participants feel positive and safe. Current research paper aims to present relative literature regarding SOC and its significance to the festival tourism experience. Specifically, it seeks to explore the theoretical background based on the thorough exploration of international literature on issues such as: a) the factors that influence the sense of inclusion in the festivals society (SOFC) and b) the importance of SOFC to the festival success and visitor loyalty. It can be considered as the first part of an ongoing research on the SOC and SOFC issues that can expand the relative knowledge of festival managers and organizers in order to support actions and policies that strengthen community building through festivals and events.

This article considers the global phenomenon of festivals, which have become the object of study in many sciences, such as sociology, anthropology, geography or a new discipline called event studies. As a particular social phenomenon occurring at a designated time and space, referring to a broadly understood human culture and associated with celebration and fun, festivals have been present in human life since antiquity. In the course of their evolution, they have become more and more diversified. The largest number and variety of festivals was recorded in the second half of the 20th c. The festival boom, observed at that time and lasting until the present day, was caused by a number of reasons. They included social and  economic factors, new technologies and the development of pro-ecological attitudes. At present, festivals are a permanent and, so it seems, necessary part of social life. Due to their social and economic role, they have become an interesting object of study. The author decided to contribute to this research trend by presenting the festival concept based on the existing literature and by offering his own definition. Further he describes the historical evolution of the phenomenon of festivals and focuses on the causes of their rapid development in the 20th c. At the end, he presents the main types of contemporary festivals.

The research was designed to look at the event tourism aspect of the tourism industry of Zimbabwe. Event tourism has grown over the past years and the Zimbabwean events calendar boast of some popular and exciting events locally, regionally and internationally. Events to note are the ZITF, HIFA, Victoria Falls Carnival, Harare Agricultural Show, and Sanganai/Hlanganani World Tourism Expo. The purpose of this research was to investigate if events tourism can be a stimuli for domestic tourism growth and to identify challenges and potential of events tourism in Zimbabwe. A desk research was conducted with a bias towards internet sources. The event tourism industry was found to have many events lined up and some attract mostly local residents. Events are now a getaway for the local residents to enjoy the tourism product as it is cheaper to attend events than visiting renowned resort areas. The industry faces funding and marketing challenges as well as economic problems being faced by all sectors of the economy. The paper recommends event organisers to maintain professionalism and engage professional marketers for effective marketing of their events. The planning of events must be carried out in ample time to avoid rushed event planning.

Estratto dalla Tesi di Laurea Magistrale in Cinema: "Festival cinematografici e territorio. Identità, comunicazione e posizionamento di progetti culturali complessi", depositata presso l’Università degli Studi di Torino nel mese di Giugno 2015 (Scuola di Scienze Umanistiche - Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici).

In modern tourism, events play an important role. Events are a vital part of human
culture as well as one of the most critical aspects of tourism. This is a worldwide
phenomenon that is gaining in importance in the event industry.
The aim of this paper is to present the roles of events in contemporary tourism and
to use Baku 2015 I European Games (BEG 2015) to classify them, determine their
tourist importance, and determine their effects and consequences for the host
country.
Three different research methods were used for the research. Initially, a wide
range of literature was reviewed to determine the theoretical part of the study.
Then, online surveys and interviews were conducted to collect primary data. With
these research methods, all participants answered the questions. BEG 2015 was
examined in the context of international events, and its consequences and
importance for the host country, Azerbaijan, were determined. In addition, it was
found that planning, recruitment of qualified personnel, improvement of transport,
and study of tourists' impressions play an important role in the field of tourism.
Also, the experts interviewed are very pleased with the benefits of the events to
the tourism industry, although some improvements are needed. In general, for the
country, which has achieved many successes in the field of tourism in recent
years, the holding of events brings positive results in the tourism industry.
Keywords: event, tourism, BEG 2015, host country, improvements.

Ziyaretçilerin destinasyon imajı algılarının, etkinliklere katılımlarına etkisini tespit etmeyi
amaçlayan bu çalışmada, bisiklet turu etkinliği kapsamında 25-26 Mart 2017 tarihleri arasında
Çanakkale ilini ziyaret eden 283 ziyaretçiye yüz yüze anket uygulanmıştır. Araştırmada, ziyaretçilerin
bisiklet turuna katılım amaçlarını ölçmeye yönelik kullanılan tutum ve davranış ölçeği, Öter ve
Özdoğan’ın (2005) çalışmalarından; destinasyon imajı algısını belirlemeye yönelik ölçek ise Bolton ve
Drew (1991), Buhalis (2000), Bigne vd. (2001), Tian-Cole vd. (2002), Sirakaya, Petrick, ve Choi’nin
(2004) çalışmalarından yararlanılarak uyarlanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda elde edilen veriler; t testi,
varyans analizi ve çok değişkenli regresyon analizlerine tabi tutulmuştur. Verilerin analizi sonucunda,
destinasyon imajı algılarının, bisiklet turu etkinliklerine katılımı genel anlamda olumlu yönde
etkilediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarının, destinasyon yöneticileri ve pazarlamacıları
açısından faydalı olması beklenmektedir.
The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of visitors’ destination image
perceptions on participation in events. In this context, 283 questionnaires were administered face-toface
to visitors who visited Çanakkale province for the bicycle tour event on 25-26 March 2017. In
this context, attitudes and behaviors scales (Öter ve Özdoğan, 2005) is used to measure the objectives
of tourists’ participation. In addition, destination image perception scales (Bolton and Drew, 1991;
Buhalis, 2000, Bigne et al., 2001, Tian-Cole et al., 2002; Sirakaya, Petrick, and Choi, 2004) is used to
to determine the visitors’ destination image perceptions. The data gathered from end of the study were
examined through t-test, variance analysis and regression analysis. As a result of the study, it is seen
that the perceptions of destination image generally have a positive influence on the participation to
bicycle tour events. The results of the study is thought to be beneficial in terms of destination
managers and marketers.

In company with the trendily emergence of nature-based tourism and unique experiences in recent years, river tourism has been getting favoured. Being a form of water-based tourism, it is operated at natural freshwater flows in the countryside as well as in urban regions. In Bien Hoa City (Dong Nai), although Dong Nai River is demonstrated considerable potentials, river tourism has not developed yet by dint of lack of typical river tourism products which strongly affect competitive destination. Hence, “breathing life”of cultural and historical values into material flows is worth being considered an optimal solution. Accordingly, this paper will examine lessons learned of South Korea in organizing events to explore tourism which are suggested to be applied into Bien Hoa City case study.

The aim of this article is to offer a brief image on Romanian event tourism having as a reference point
two case studies – the “Medieval Sighişoara” Art Festival and Stufstock festival (Vama Veche). Both
Sighişoara and Vama Veche are two destinations which are going through major changes concerning the
transition from mass-tourism to alternative tourism. One of the main directions in this respect is event
tourism represented these two important festivals on the Romanian market. The event tourist is different,
special a symbol of the contemporary sophistication.

Meetings, Incentives, Conventions, and Exhibitions (MICE) is an elite segment of tourism linked to business tourism. It has become dynamic worldwide in recent years. The efficiency of tourism events emerges with the connection between the corporate world and world travel organizations. This connection is a dynamic link that is profitable for all parties involved. Currently, about 40% of the activity and profit is due to worldwide business travel and the event industry. This paper aims to highlight the efficient role of tourism events through the dynamic " Convention Bureau " , at both the international and Romanian level, in terms of global economic growth. We found from the study of this activity sector that one of the important directions of innovation and raising the competitiveness of the tourist offer of any country is given the additional service diversification by stimulating tourism dynamics of events. The advantages and benefits that may be mentioned in business events tourism are revenues from services such as accommodation, facilities conference, catering, leisure, transport and entertainment. These revenues are stimulating the growth of the world economy.

In today’s world, alternative tourism activities and tourism product diversification started to gain more importance due to the increase in the number of people participating in tourism and the change in the demands and the needs of the touristsFestivals, as an alternative form of tourism, increase the number of tourists, contribute to the promotion of the region and play an important role in the development of the destination. In this study, the impacts of Tenedos Local Flavours Festival were examined, travel purposes of the tourists were specified, the demographic characteristics of the local residents and the tourists were identified, their perceptions of Local Flavours Festival were assessed and some recommendations were made to achieve more effective results. The research findings show that Local Flavours Festival has positive effects on the promotion of Tenedos and also has economic, socio-cultural and environmental impact on local community. However, the research also concluded that the promotional actions of the festival and the activities organized during the event were insufficient.

The specialised consumption of creative tourism experiences and their presence in cultural and creative events and festivals, constitute examples of reflexive tourism consumption. Following the line of research about the specialised consumption of creative tourism experiences and events, this research aims to describe and account for examples where cultural and creative events/festivals represent opportunities for participatory experiences like workshops. The author developed a systematic review using SCOPUS database, to account for creative tourism experiences present at cultural and creative events/festivals. Thirteen documents from 2003 to 2019, were chosen and analysed as they represent the confrontation between cultural and creative events/festivals and creative tourism experiences principles. Findings show that authors don´t always refer directly to creative tourism experiences in the events and festival case studies analysed. Results were organized under two perspectives the "event/festival centred approach" and "general approach" discussed in creative tourism literature such as the creative city, creative spectacles and cultural and creative capital co-creation. Nonetheless, important creative contributions for the development of creative capital present at cultural and creative events and festivals are highlighted. The recent establishment of creative tourism as a research area and the small number of papers found constitute limitations to the study. Resumo O consumo especializado de experiências de turismo criativo e a sua presença em eventos e festivais culturais e criativos constituem exemplos do consumo reflexivo do turismo. Seguindo a linha de pesquisa sobre o consumo especializado de experiências e eventos de turismo criativo, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo descrever e explicar exemplos em que eventos / festivais culturais e criativos representam oportunidades para experiências participativas, como workshops. O autor desenvolveu uma revisão sistemática usando o banco de dados SCOPUS, para explicar as experiências criativas de turismo presentes em eventos / festivais culturais e criativos. Treze documentos de 2003 a 2019 foram escolhidos e analisados, pois representam o confronto entre os princípios dos eventos / festivais culturais e criativos e experiências de turismo criativo.. Os resultados foram organizados sob duas perspectivas: "abordagem centrada em eventos / festivais" e "abordagem geral" discutidas na literatura do turismo criativo, como a cidade criativa, eventos criativos e co-criação de capital cultural e criativo. No entanto, são destacadas importantes contribuições criativas para o desenvolvimento do capital criativo presente em eventos e festivais culturais e criativos. O recente estabelecimento do turismo criativo como área de pesquisa e o pequeno número de artigos encontrados constituem limitações ao estudo. Palavras chave: turismo criativo; experiências criativas, eventos/festivais culturais e criativos; revisão sistemática.

In today's world, alternative tourism activities and tourism product diversification started to gain more importance due to the increase in the number of people participating in tourism and the change in the demands and the needs of the touristsFestivals, as an alternative form of tourism, increase the number of tourists, contribute to the promotion of the region and play an important role in the development of the destination. In this study, the impacts of Tenedos Local Flavours Festival were examined, travel purposes of the tourists were specified, the demographic characteristics of the local residents and the tourists were identified, their perceptions of Local Flavours Festival were assessed and some recommendations were made to achieve more effective results. The research findings show that Local Flavours Festival has positive effects on the promotion of Tenedos and also has economic, socio-cultural and environmental impact on local community. However, the research also concluded that the promotional actions of the festival and the activities organized during the event were insufficient. ETKİNLİK TURİZMİ ÇEŞİDİ OLARAK FESTİVALLER: BOZCAADA YEREL TATLAR FESTİVALİ ÖRNEĞİ ÖZET Günümüzde turizme katılan kişi sayısının artması ve bu doğrultuda turist istek ve ihtiyaçlarında görülen değişiklikler gibi nedenlerden dolayı turizm çeşitlendirmesi ve alternatif turizm faaliyetleri önem kazanmaya başlamıştır. Alternatif turizm çeşitlerinden biri olan festivaller de, gerçekleştirildiği destinasyondaki turist sayısını arttırmakta, destinasyonun tanıtımına katkıda bulunmakta ve destinasyonun kalkınmasında önemli rol oynamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Yerel Tatlar Festivali'nin Bozcaada'ya etkileri incelenmiş, yerel halkın ve festivale katılan turistlerin demografik özellikleri, seyahat amaçları, Yerel Tatlar Festivali'ne ilişkin algıları değerlendirilerek festivalin daha etkin gerçekleştirilebilmesi için bazı önerilerde bulunulmuştur. Araştırma sonuçları Yerel Tatlar Festivali'nin Bozcaada'nın tanıtımına olumlu etkileri olduğunu ve bölgede yaşayan yerel halka ekonomik, sosyo-kültürel ve çevresel açılardan birçok etkisi olduğunu göstermektedir. Bununla birlikte festivalle ilgili yapılan tanıtım faaliyetlerinin ve festival etkinliklerinin yetersiz olduğu sonuçlarına da ulaşılmıştır.

Year 3. Grade: A 76%. This piece of work proposes an arts event as a collaborative partnership between Madeira and UK (London). The aim is to attract cultural tourists to the archipelago. Madeira's identity and heritage was taken into account while designing the event and its programme. Main components: Area, Type of exhibition, Aims and Objectives, Venue, Events Programme, Audience, Marketing, Development Opportunities, Evaluation, Funding.

Deadline (revised) for full articles: 5 October, 2019

Article author guidelines: http://www.emeraldgrouppublishing.com/products/journals/author_guidelines.htm?id=ijtc



The aims of this Themed Issue of IJTC are to:

1. Define business events and identity the characteristics that distinguish them from cultural, sports and community events, as well as from leisure tourism.

2. Document the positive and negative impacts of business events on cities, including their impacts upon local communities.

3. Review approaches to measuring residents’ attitudes and opinions on business events in their communities.

4. Explore the methods used by cities to attract business events.

5. Investigate the impact on business events of forces operating in the wider market environment, including geopolitical changes, advances in information technology and demographic developments.

6. Consider how business events can generate additional leisure tourism in the cities where they are held.

We invite papers linked to the theme of Business Events in Tourism Cities in the following topics (indicative but not exhaustive themes):

• Definition and categorisation of business events

• Impacts of business events on urban environments and host populations

• Measurement of urban resident attitudes toward business events

• ‘Bleisure’

• City branding

• Destination marketing for business events

• The role of destination image in the process of marketing cities for business events

• The impacts of technology, geopolitical changes and demographics on the business events market

• The sharing economy and business events

• Safety and security at business events

• The supply and design of venues for business events

• Participants’ perception of their own experience of attending business events

• Education and training for business events professionals

• Ethical issues in business events.



Interested authors should email their abstract (200-300 words) or proposal to Dr. J. Andres Coca-Stefaniak (a.coca-stefaniak@gre.ac.uk) by 12th May, 2019.

Authors will be notified no later than 25th May 2019 on the decision over their abstracts.

Full articles (6,000-8,000 words) should be submitted by October 15th, 2019 using the journal’s online submission system at: https://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/ijtc

Further author guidelines for submission of manuscripts is provided on the journal webpage:
http://www.emeraldgrouppublishing.com/products/journals/author_guidelines.htm?id=ijtc

All manuscripts will undergo anonymous peer review.

Tourism events are planning and marketing activities that
are used as communication media to introduce regional
potentials such as tourist destinations and their culture with
the aim of attracting tourists. Such as the event held in
Bandung with the theme "Bandung Investment, Agriculture,
Tourism & Trade Expo (BITTRA 2021)" by PT Visi Sinergi
Antarnusa. Where this event can expand marketing networks
and improve the quality of regional products in Indonesia.
Indonesia sees anticipating free trade, especially in the fields
of investment, tourism and trade. This research aims to
determine the attractiveness, perceptions of tourists, and the
role of the event. The researchers used a descriptive
research method with a qualitative approach. The sampling
technique used purposive sampling. Collecting data through
interviews with resource persons, direct observation of the
event, and documentation.The results of this study state that
the MICE industry can be a tourist attraction and can help
the regional economy.

Tour De Singkarak is an annual event held in West Sumatera Province since 2009. It’s the first world bicycling event organized by The Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Every tourism event will be followed by either positive or negative impacts. The objective of this research is to find out the impact of Tour De Singkarak on host community of West Sumatera Province.
The research used descriptive quantitative method and Likert scale is used to analyze the datum. The Likert scale result shows that the host community participation are in “Good” range at 879 score, the host community involvement by the organizer is also in “Good” range at 835 score. The host community perception toward Tour De Singkarak is in “Good” range with 1940 score. This finding and result had shown that the Tour De Singkarak has a Good and positif impact on host community of West Sumatera Province.
Keywords: Tourism Event, Host Community, Impact.

Worldwide, festivals and local special events are used as key elements within regional development strategies. Festivals and local special events are widely acknowledged to make an important contribution to the economic development of their local areas, as they provide opportunities for tourism promotion, commercial outcomes and increased inward investment in host regions (Getz, 2007; Van de Wagen, 2005) and contribute to the extension of the tourism season (Huang, Li & Cai, 2010; Boo and Busser, 2006; Kotler, Haider & Rein, 1993; Mehmetoglu and Ellingsen, 2005). However, the question of their contribution to the conservation of cultural heritage and traditions through an interpretation in tourism also requires attention. In the paper, the approach of cultural profiles is implemented as a tool to raise the awareness for local tradition, being presented on local festival. In this regard, based on a survey among organizers of festivals, local entrepreneurs participating in festivals a...

Cultural events are some of the most vital aspects of human life in society because they can create and serve as a unifying
factor among the people and can also transform their lives. They can also serve as sources of income and economic empowerment for
the people. One of these events is the Pus Kat annual cultural festival of the Mwaghavul nation in Plateau State of Central Nigeria. The
Pus Kat annual cultural festival normally brings together the Mwaghavul people and their neighbors both at home and in the diaspora.
The festival normally serves as an avenue for unity, progress, and development of the Mwaghavul nation. The main aim of this paper is
to appraise the economic impact of the cultural festival on the host community, the Mwaghavul nation at large as well as its
neighborhood. The paper used both primary and secondary sources of data collection. However, the paper dwelled more on the primary
sources and minimally on the secondary sources. The methodology employed in this paper is the survey method. Information was
generated through observation and oral interviews. The secondary data were obtained from a few already documented materials such as
textbooks, journal articles, and internet materials. Findings from the research revealed that the Pus Kat annual cultural festival has
fared well as a vehicle for unity, progress, development, poverty reduction, and economic empowerment within the host community, the
Mwaghavul nation at large. It also found that the influx of visitors from different places is true which in turn boosts the economic
activities in the area. The paper recommends among others the need for more resources to be injected into the event by both the
Nigerian government (particularly Mangu Local Government) and industries particularly SWAN Nigeria Ltd (a subsidiary of UAC)
located within the area as part of its corporate social responsibilities as well as well-meaning spirited individuals.
Keywords: Pus Kat,Cultural Festival, Event Tourism, Economic Empowerment, Poverty Reduction

This study seeks to encourage tourism organisations to explore new directions for tourism development. It argues that popular culture events can raise the value of cultural tourism in Australia. This study explores current trends in events tourism and explores tourists' attitudes towards diverse popular culture activities available in Australia. There are very few studies that try to explore the many kinds of cultural experiences that can be obtained by popular culture tourists in Australia. This study fills in the gap in current literature by extracting new themes and factors that help build the cultural value of Australian events in the tourism context.

The aim of this thesis is to provide an overview of the culinary tourism, as a way to develop a destination. It is analyzed the role of events – especially of culinary ones – in the development of a region.
Firstly, the characteristics of the culinary tourism are studied, understanding how to communicate and promote an area through the best communication channels.
Secondly, events are defined, and gastronomy festivals are taken into account. As a matter of fact, they are essential for the development of a strategic plan.
Thirdly, Cocoradicchio is analyzed, as a culinary event that always has great success in its province.
Finally, it is highlighted that the communication is fundamental to the awareness of the event improving beyond the province, allowing the possibility to increase the tourist flows.

L’obiettivo del presente lavoro è di fornire un quadro generale del turismo gastronomico come metodo di sviluppo di una destinazione. In particolare, si approfondirà il ruolo degli eventi, nello specifico gastronomici, come promotori del territorio in cui hanno luogo.
Come prima cosa si analizzeranno le caratteristiche del turismo gastronomico, riflettendo sulle diverse accezioni ad esso conferite e le strategie attuate per comunicare e promuovere al meglio
la destinazione.
In seguito, si provvederà a definire gli eventi nelle loro generalità, per poi prendere in considerazione le manifestazioni gastronomiche, che si ritengono fondamentali nella definizione di un piano di sviluppo strategico.
Partendo da tali basi, si analizzerà la rassegna culinaria Cocoradicchio, evento gastronomico trevigiano che riscuote ogni anno grande successo nella provincia di origine.
In conclusione, quindi, si noterà come la comunicazione sia essenziale per riuscire a sviluppare la manifestazione, supportando la crescita dell’awareness dell’evento oltre i confini provinciali, con la possibilità di favorire ulteriormente l’afflusso di turisti nella Marca Trevigiana.

Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, ein Gesamtbild des kulinarischen Tourismus als eine Methode zur Entwicklung einer Destination zur Verfügung zu stellen. Insbesondere prüft sie, welche Rolle ein kulinarisches Event einnimmt um die Destination zu bewerben.
Zuerst analysiere ich die Merkmale der kulinarischen Tourismus, dann erläutere ich verschiedene Bedeutungen, die ihm übertragenen und die Strategien für die Kommunikation, welche bei der Entscheidung helfen die Destination bestmöglich zu bewerben.
Danach werde ich den Begriff “Event” allgemein definieren, dann betrachte ich die gastronomischen Veranstaltungen, die entscheidend bei der Entwicklung eines strategischen Entwicklungsplans sind.
Ausgehend von dieser Grundlage, analysiere ich das Cocoradicchio Festival Treviso, eine gastronomische Veranstaltung welche jedes Jahr ein großer Erfolg ist.
Schliesslich wird hervorgehoben, dass die Kommunikation für ein Event unumgänglich ist und sich so Möglichkeiten bieten das Einzugsgebiet der Reiseflüsse zu vergrössern.

A importância do desporto nas sociedades contemporâneas parece ser inegável. O seu
contributo e reconhecimento enquanto questão social, económica e cultural do Estado
Nação tem sido objeto de estudo por parte de inúmeros académicos. Em termos
económicos, atualmente, o desporto é estimado a representar 3% do PIB nos países da
OCDE, levando ao aumento da sua visibilidade e número de medidas que visam o
desenvolvimento desportivo por via dos governos locais e das cidades (Gratton, Henry,
2001). O presente relatório pretende traçar de uma forma geral a importância que o
desporto universitário ocupa na vida dos jovens, através do estudo e análise de
impactos do evento Jogos Europeus Universitários 2018 Coimbra. O estudo dos
grandes eventos desportivos tem apresentado o desporto enquanto serviço de saúde,
de lazer e bem-estar para os seus participantes, potenciando através dos impactos por
si gerados, não só os níveis de participação desportiva como também o marketing
urbano, o potencial de investimento externo e o aumento dos índices de turismo para
as localidades e/ou países em que se alocam, como a criação ou recuperação de
infraestruturas. Nesta lógica, a realização dos Jogos Europeus Universitários em
Coimbra, entre 15 a 28 de julho de 2018, contando com o envolvimento de cerca de
4.500 atletas, 400 universidades e 13 modalidades desportivas, espera integrar a
Universidade e a cidade de Coimbra, num movimento e num conjunto de circuitos
internacionais que se desenvolvem em torno do fenómeno do desporto universitário.
Assim, o presente relatório de estágio, articulado com um projeto de investigação
sobre o acompanhamento e avaliação de impactos do evento EUG 2018, dirigido por
uma equipa de docentes da FEUC, salienta a avaliação do evento em três planos
específicos: a Universidade de Coimbra, a cidade de Coimbra e o desporto universitário
português, utilizando como metodologia de investigação a análise qualitativa de
dados.

Contrary to the common compartmentalization of popular culture and events to specialized forms of fandom-induced tourism (e.g., film-, music-, sport-tourism), event-tourism spaces may also derive from blending different genres that enable symbiotic effects, for example, between sport and art. This paper provides a theoretical analysis of how event-tourism is interwoven and merged with sporting and cinematic popular culture, thereby creating a compound milieu for sport traveling aficionados that we name an ‘Interscopic Fan Travelscape’ (IFT). To ground our analysis, we use the example of a participatory sport event that blends organically sporting and cinematic facets of popular culture. This is a free-diving event, hosted in the Greek island of Amorgos, and commemorating the 1988 ‘Big Blue’ film, which was primarily shot in Amorgos. Our conceptual framework provides a comprehensive understanding of composite popular culture settings and devoted fan-travel by integrating perspectives of neo-tribalism, serious leisure, fan pilgrimage and event-tourism.

Despite the economic hardship in the last decade, convention tourism showed dramatic growth year after year. In order to appear on the convention tourism map and attracts more convention tourists, convention tourism destinations should own many characteristics. Due to geographical position, historical and cultural richness, tourism infrastructure and the variety of tourist activities, Turkey and Spain are considered to be important destinations for convention tourism. This paper, however, aims at describing the convention tourism status in Turkey and Spain, in order to get a deeper understanding of this industry in those countries.

O presente trabalho se propõe a refletir sobre a criação dos chamados empreendimentos urbanos como equipamentos de natureza estrutural das cidades, mas também como intervenções urbanas de referência, que carregam a capacidade de colaborar com a construção da imagem das cidades. Em São Paulo, ao olharmos para algumas intervenções urbanas orientadas ao longo da segunda metade do século XX,
enxergando-as como empreendimentos públicos e privados que viriam a desempenhar importante papel no desenho da imagem desta metrópole, percebemos que essas intervenções, de diferentes formas, influenciaram a construção da imagem turística da cidade, independente de seu caráter intervencionista industrial.

Touristic destinations which are oriented towards event tourism gain a lot of benefits, especially in social, economic and cultural areas. Festivals where many different and unique events are performed together are of great importance in terms of development and sustainability of touristic destinations for these benefits provided by event tourism. In this study, "Erdek Time Festival" which was organized for the first time in Erdek between 22-27 August 2017 has been chosen as a research area. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of the benefits provided to Erdek in terms of social, cultural, economic and brand perceptions dimensions of Erdek Time Festival on participants' satisfaction levels. The data obtained by survey technique from the sample selected from the research population by convenience sampling method were analyzed by Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Research results provide significant implications for managers and local stakeholders who want to use event tourism as a destination development tool. Özet Etkinlik turizmine yönelen turistik destinasyonlar başta sosyal, ekonomik ve kültürel alanlarda olmak üzere çok sayıda fayda elde etmektedir. Farklı ve özgün çok sayıda etkinliğin bir arada gerçekleştirildiği festivaller, etkinlik turizminin sağladığı bu faydalar açısından turistik destinasyonların gelişimi ve sürdürülebilirliği için büyük önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada araştırma alanı olarak 22-27 Ağustos 2017 tarihleri arasında Erdek'te ilk kez düzenlenen " Erdek Zamanı Festivali " seçilmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı, Erdek Zamanı Festivali'nin sosyal, kültürel, ekonomik ve marka algısı boyutları açısından Erdek'e sağladığı faydaların katılımcıların memnuniyet düzeylerine etkisini belirlemektir. Kolayda örnekleme yöntemiyle araştırma evreninden seçilen örneklemden anket tekniği ile elde edilen veriler, Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi (YEM) aracılığıyla analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmadan ortaya çıkan sonuçlar, destinasyon geliştirme aracı olarak etkinlik turizmini kullanmak isteyen yöneticiler ve yerel paydaşlar açısından önemli çıkarımlar sağlamaktadır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Etkinlik Turizmi, Turistik Destinasyon, Erdek, Erdek Zamanı Festivali

Carnival events have a tradition of contributing to the socio-economic development of regions hosting them. Several nations and cities have benefited from the value brought by these cultural spectacles. Notable examples of cultural events which benefit the South African economy include the Jazz Festival in Cape Town, Grahamstown Festival, Klein Karoo National Arts Festival (KKNK) in Oudtshoorn and the  Cape  Town  Minstrel  Carnival among others.  Amongst the benefits accrued from organising and hosting local cultural events are; job creation, inducing a sense of belonging, uniting people, promoting tourism, increased visitor numbers, enhancing skills, and helping in the preservation of local resources. However, if not well planned and managed, the negative impacts are noticeable and include; waste of taxpayer money, events benefiting only a few, parking problems, litter, overcrowding, and noise pollution. The aim of this study was to determine how selected stakeholders  (specifically residents and event attendees)  perceive the impacts of a  cultural event hosted in  Cape  Town.  This was undertaken to establish the overall value of the event from multiple dimensions such as the economic, socio-cultural and environmental impact perspectives. The investigation explored the perceptions and experiences of the residents of the Green Point suburb of Cape Town and event attendees in relation to the carnival and highlighted the positive and negative aspects of their experience. The research primarily adopted a quantitative research approach by using two survey questionnaires (residents and event attendees) with both closed and open-ended questions.  In total,  318  residents and  480  event attendees participated in the study.  The data were analysed using the  Statistical  Package for  Social  Sciences (SPSS) version 24 software and the findings were visually presented using frequency tables and charts. The general findings indicated that both the residents and event attendees were in favour of the Cape Town  Carnival (CTC) to continue being hosted in the  Green  Point area,  although there were some issues that were considered as the negative impacts of hosting this event.  There were however contestations that the carnival event be moved to other areas in Cape Town whilst some indicated that the event is discontinued altogether, owing to the perceived negative impacts of the event. The study recommends that for the event to sustainably grow and continue,  it requires more community involvement and public policing. It is of great importance that event organisers understand the residents’ and event attendees’ perceptions of the impacts of an event in assessing the overall objectives and success of the event. However, even though there are many benefits that are likely to accrue to resident and event attendees associated with hosting an event of this magnitude,  one should not ignore the negative impacts that are potentially connected to such a hosting.

Abstract
The event industry is rapidly developing and contributes to business and leisure related tourism in the global context. The environment has got considerably more complex due to growing regulation and government and corporate engagement in events, and many event organizations have implemented information technology. Hence, the central focus of the study was to identify the challenges of the adaptation of information technology in Sri Lankan event tourism. The purposive sample methodology was used to collect primary data from 15 event managers who are members of the Sri Lanka Association of Professional Conference, Exhibition, and Event Organizers. In addition, qualitative data analytical method was employed, and the collected data were transcribed and analyzed by using content analysis. The study's findings reveal that the Sri Lankan event industry was not adequately used information technology. The cost, resistance to change, tech-savvy employees, lack of government support, and security issues resulted from adopting information technology in the Sri Lankan event industry and further maximizing the awareness of attendees and organizers, investing in the latest event technologies, increasing government involvement in policy framework, and creating a private-public partnership for long-term opportunities and improving the Sri Lankan event industry quality.

Keywords: information technology, challenges, event, tourism, Sri Lanka

This book comprehensively describes, explains, critiques and refines our current perspectives of event leveraging and, in so doing, provides an analytic account of the subject area as a whole, as it concerns the strategic pursuit of attaining and magnifying benefits that derive from events. Encompassing all events including sport, cultural and business, it also covers all kinds of benefits that can be leveraged and lead to sustainability through triple-bottom-line assessment. The book takes an interdisciplinary approach to cross boundaries and creates linkages among the parent disciplines (sport management; event, hospitality and tourism; leisure studies, parks and recreation) and general disciplines (management, marketing, sociology, anthropology, urban and regional planning).

Written by an experienced author well-known in the field of event management and leveraging, this book:
- Examines the art of event leveraging and contributes to the literature by refining pertinent theory.
- Presents and explains theoretical models of event leveraging and emergent derivative frameworks.
- Reveals major practices, issues and lessons from literature and case studies.
- Integrates disciplinary applications of event leveraging to further refine the theoretical perspective through an interdisciplinary lens.
- Develops a comprehensive outlook of event leveraging as a means to sustainability.

Building a truly global and transdisciplinary framework, the author provides direction and possibilities that can lead to new forms of leveraging, making this an excellent resource for researchers, practitioners and students interested in event management and policy, sport management, recreation and leisure, and hospitality, tourism and festival management.