Pm-Xn,-h¿-Wt'-Z-Øn-s - D - A-Sn-th-cp-Iƒ - tX-Sp-tºmƒ

]p-kv-X-I-w- aq-∂-v / e-°w- aq-∂v- / 2006 sk-]v-‰w-_¿- -/1427 i-Av-_-m≥-
4 hm-b-\-°m-cp-sS- kw-hm-Zw-
Pm-Xn,- h¿-Wt`-Z-Øn-s≥-d- - 9
A-Sn-th-cp-Iƒ- tX-Sp-tºmƒ-
7 ]-{Xm-[-n-]¿-°v- ]-d-bm-\p-≈-Xv-
˛D-kv-am≥- ]m-e-°m-gn-
16 _¿-W-_m-kn-s≥-d- kp-hn-ti-jw-
ap-kv-enw- c-N-\-bm-Im-tam?-
˛P-hm-Zv.- sI-
26 Jp¿-B-\n-s≥-d- A-Xp-ey-X-
˛s{]m-^.- ]n.- A-_v-Zp-√-
36 Nn-¥-bp-sS A-\-¥-c- ^-e-w-
˛b-lv-b- A-co-t°m-Sv-
39 Iq-Sn-°m-gv-N-
42 hn-izm-k-hy-h-km-b-Øn-s≥-d-
hn-]-Øp-Iƒ-
˛kn-\m≥.- sI-
50 hn-ip-≤- ]m-X-
˛A_q-A-ao≥-
Internet Edition: http://www.nicheoftruth.org/samvadam

Printed Published and owned by M.Mohammed Akbar. Printed at Screen Offset printers, Cochin-18. Published at Cochin-19.
Editor M.Mohammed Akbar, Niche of Truth, P.B. No 1981, Vyttila, Cochin-19, Ernakulam, Kerala.
2006 sk-]v-‰w-_¿- 3
hm-b-\-°m-cp-sS-
kw-hm-Zw-
Ckvemanse tam£w F∂v hy‡-am-°s - ∏-Sp-Ib

- mWv sNøp-∂- h-cp-sS- I¿-a-ßƒ- \n-jv-^-e-ß-f-m-sW-
Xv. 2:- 111 kq-‡w- Im-Wp-I-:- ∂pw- Jp¿-B≥- (25:-23)-]-T-n-∏n-°p-∂p-≠-.v-
Ckvemanse c-£m-in-£-I-sf-°p-
dn®v Fw.- JmenZv \ne-ºq-cpw, ico^v ta ""(B¿-s°-¶n- e - pw-) kz¿-KØ
- n¬- {]-th- ""C-kv-em-w- A-√m-Ø-Xn-s\- B-sc-¶n-
te-Xnepw XΩn¬ \S∂ kwhmZw (B- in-°-W-sa-¶n¬- b-lq-Z-tcm- {Inkv-Xym-\n- epw- a-X-am-bn- B-{K-ln-°p-∂-]-£w- A-
KÃv e°w) {it≤-b-am-Wv. kp{]-[m-\- I-tfm- B-hm-sX- ]-‰-n-s√-∂m-Wv- A-h¿- ]- Xv- A-h-\n¬-\n-∂v- H-cn-°-epw- kzo-I-cn-°-
amb Cu hnj-b-Øn¬ Imcy-ßƒ kpX d-bp-∂-Xv.- A-sXm-s°- A-h-cp-sS- hym-tam- s∏-Sp-I-bn-√.- ]-c-tem-I-Øn¬- A-h≥- \-
cmw hy‡-am-°nb "kvt\l-kw-hmZw' l-ß-f-s{X.-....'' jvS- °
- m-cn¬- s]-´h - \
- p-am-bn-cn-°pw''- (3:- 85).-
A`n-\-μ\w A¿ln-°p-∂p. ""b-lq-Z-∑m¿- ]-d-™p-;- {In-kv-Xym-\n- ap-l-Ω-Zv- \-_n-()- sIm-≠p-h-∂- k-
aX-Im-cy-ß-fn-ep≈ apkvenwkap-Zm- Iƒ-°v- bm-sXm-cp- A-Sn-kYv- m-\h - p-an-s√-∂v. tμ-iw- am-\h - c- m-in-°m-Ia - m-\a
- p-≈X
- m-Wv.-
b-Ønse `n∂-X-Iƒ {]ÿm-\-h¬°cn- {In-kvX - ym-\n-Iƒ ]-d™
- p-;- b
- l
- q-Z∑- m¿-° G-Xv- k-ap-Zm-b-Øn¬- P-\n-®p-h-f¿-∂-h-
°s∏-Sp- I - bpw AtXkabw k¿ha-Xk - - bm-sXm-cp- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\-hp-an-s√-∂v....''- (2:- \pw- A-Xv- k-zo-I-cn-°m≥- _m-[y-kv-Y-\m-
Xy-hm-Zt- ØmSpw Ia-yq-Wn-kt- ØmSpw {]m 113).-- Wv.- A-h¿-°-Xv- F-Øn-®p-sIm-Sp-°¬- ap-
tbm-Kn-I-X-e-Øn¬ cmPn-bm-hp-Ibpw sN X-ß-fp-sS- am¿-K-h-ew-_n-®-h¿-t°- c- kv-enw- k-aq-l-Øn-se- hn-h-c-ap-≈-h-cp-sS-
øp-I-sb∂ hntcm-[m-`m-khpw apkvenw £-bp-≈q,- A-√m-Øh - ¿- \m-sf- Zpx-Jn-t°- _m-[y- X
- b- m-Wv.- ip-≤{- ]-Ir-Xn-tbm-sS- P\n-
kap-Zm-b-Ønse- Nn-e- hy-‡n-I-fn¬- \mw ≠n-h-cpw- F-∂- C-°q-´-cp-sS- hm-Zw- A-Sn- ®p-h-f¿-∂- Ip-™p-ß-sf- am-Xm-]n-Xm-°-
I≠p-h-cp-∂p. kv-Ym-\-c-ln-X-am-sW-∂pw- P-\n-®-Xv- G-Xv- fm-Wv- A-h\ - h- s- ≥-d- B-Z¿-i° - m-cm-°n- am-
Hmtcm aX- h n- ` m- K - Ø n\pw Hmtcm Ip-Sp-_-Øn-em-sW-¶n-epw- b-Ym¿-Y- ap-kv- ‰p-∂-Xv.- A-Xp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂- A-h¿-°v-
tam£-k-¶-ev]-ap-≠v. aX-Øns‚ A\p- enw-If- m-bn Po-hn-®p-ac
- n-®m¬- Zp-xJ
- n-t°--≠n- Ckv-em-an-s≥-d- k-tμ-iw- F-Øn-°-Ww.-
bm-bn-Isf GtIm-]n-∏n-°p-∂X - n-epw- \∑- h-cn-√- F-∂p-am-Wv- 2:-62 ]-Tn-∏n-°p-∂Xv.- X-ßƒ-°v- \¬-Is∏-´- _p-≤n-bp-w-- N-n-¥m-
bn-te°v {]tNm-Zn-∏n-°p-∂X - n-epw- tam£- "A-h¿-°v- `-bs - ∏-tS-≠X - n-√.- A-h¿- ZpxJn- ti-jnbpw- D-]-tbm-Kn-®v- Im-cy-ßƒ- a-\-
k-¶e - v]Ø
- nse Cu "k¶p-Nn-XXz'Øn\v t°-≠n-h-cn-√'- -F-∂v- 2:-62s≥-d- A-h-km- n-em-°p-hm≥- F-√m- h - c
- pw- _m-[y-kvY- c
- m-
henb ]¶p-≠v. AXpsIm≠p-Xs∂ A \-Øn¬- ]-d-bp-∂-Xv- {i-≤n-°p-I.- ssZ-h- I-Wv.- A-Xn-\p-≈- ù-Xn-I- ku-I-cy-ßƒ-
Xv GsX-¶n-ep-samcp {]tXyI aX-Øns‚ ]p-{X-hm-Z-sØ- i-‡n-bp-‡w- F-Xn¿-°p- {k-j-vSm-hp-X-s∂- H-cp-°n-Ø-∂n-´p-≠v.-
am{Xw A k-ln-jvWp-Xm-]-c-amb ImgvN- ∂,- A-Xv- A-√m-lp-hn-\v- h-ºn-® tIm-]- -hm-kv-X-h-Øn¬-,- apkvenwIpSpw-_-
∏m-Smbn IW-°m-t°≠ Imcy-an-√. Jp¿ ap-≈- Im-cy-am-sW-∂p- hy-‡-am-°p-∂- Øn¬ P\n-®-hcpw ss{IkvX-h˛ PqX˛
B\n-I- ho£-W-a-\p-k-cn®v AXns‚ Jp¿-B\n¬- {Xn-Xz-hn-i-zm-kn-Iƒ-°pw- _- km_n-Av- IpSpw-_-ß-fn¬ P\n-®-h-cp-
A\p-bm-bn-I-f-√mØh¿°pw tam£-ap- lp-ssZh-hn-izm-k-Øn¬- G-I-ssZ-h-hn- sa√mw Htc am\-Z-fi-a-\p-k-cn-®m-bn-cn
≈-Xmbn sXfn-bn-°m≥ B¿°pw km[y- izm-kw- Im-Wp-∂- _-lp-ssZ-hm-cm-[-I¿- °pw Af-°-s∏-Sp-I-sb-∂mWv Cu kq
a-√. Jp¿Bs\-bpw apl-ΩZv\_n(-)-sb °pw- kz¿-Kw-sIm-≠v- k-t¥-m-j-hm¿-Ø- ‡w (2:-62)- ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. hnhn[ aX-
bpw Ckveman-s\bpw AwKo-I-cn-t°-≠- bpw- A-h¿- Zpx-Jn-t°-≠n-h-cn-s√-∂- B- k-ap-Zm-b-ß-fpsS ]cm-a¿iw _‘-s∏´
Xn-s√t∂m;- \a-kvIm-cw, t\mºv, kIm-- izm-k-h-N-\-hp-w-- I-s≠-Øp-hm≥- A-]m- hnizm-k-sØbpw I¿a-sØ-bp-a√ adn®v
Øv XpS-ßn- b I¿a-ßs - fm∂pw \n¿h-ln- c-am-b- "Dƒ-°m-gv-N'- X-s-∂- th-Ww.- - ]mc-ºc - ysØ am{X-amWv kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-
°msX Xs∂ tam£w t\Sm-sat∂m C-kv-emw- ]-Tn-∏n-°p-∂- hn-izm-k-Im- sX∂v kq‡-Ønse "GIssZh-Øn
Jp¿B≥ Xs∂ ]d-bp-∂p-sh-∂pw \mw cy-ßƒ-,- A-\p-jv-Tm-\-Im-cy-ßƒ- F-∂n-h- epw A¥y-Zn-\-Ønepw hniz-kn-°-W-
sX‰n-≤-cn-t°-≠-Xn-√. sb-√mw- Aw-Ko-I-cn-®-m-N-cn-°p-∂-h¿-t°- sa∂pw k¬I¿a--ß ƒ sNø-W'sa-∂p-
Jp¿B≥ kq‡w 2:62-˛¬ tam£- B-Xy-¥n-I- c-£-bp-≈q- F-∂p-X-s∂-bm- ap-≈-- \n_-‘\ hy‡-am-°p-∂p. Cu
Øn\v ]mc-ºcyw Hcp am\-Z-fi-ta-b√ Wv- Jp-¿B≥- ]-Tn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.- A-√m-Ø- \n_-‘\ - I
- ƒ CXc kap-Zm-b° - m¿°pw
2006 sk-]v-‰w-_¿- 4
s]mXp-hm-b-Xmbn IW-°m-°m-hp-∂-Xm- izm-kn-Iƒ'' F∂ ]cm-a¿iw ]mc-º-cy- Jm-en-Zv- a-\- n-em-°n-b-Xp-t]m-se-b√- F-
sW-∂- Jmen-Zns‚ hmZw ASn-ÿm-\-c- sØ-bmWv A\p-_-‘-amb hnizm-k- ∂-X-v kp-hy-‡-am-Wv.- tem-I-Øn¬- C-ß-
ln-X-am-Wv. ImcWw Ckveman-sebpw sØ-b√ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-sX∂ Imcy-Øn sbm-c-`n-{-]m-b-ap-≈-Xv- ]p-\¿-hm-b-\m-hm-Zn-
CX-c-a-X-ß-fn-sebpw GI-ssZh hnizm- ¬ Jmen-Zn\p-w ktμ-l-ap-≠m-hm-\n-S-bn- I-fm-b- F-Æ-s∏-´- Nn-e- hy-‡n-Iƒ-°p-
k-hpw ]c-temI k¶-ev]hpw kZm-Nmc √t√m? am-{X-am-Wv.-
aqey-ßfpw hyXy-kvX-am-Wv.- i-co-^n-s‚- ap-kv-en-am-bn- Po-hn-°p-I- F-∂-Xv- {]- _lp-ssZ-hh - n-izm-k]
- c
- a
- mb Bcm-[-
a-dp-]-Sbn¬- C-°m-cyw- I-r-Xy-am-bn- hn-i- bm-k-I-c-am-b- H-cp- Im-cyw- X-s∂-bm-Wv.- \m-co-Xn-Isf "ssZh-kva-cW'bmbn e fn-
Z-o-I-cn-®n-´p-≠v.- Im-c-Ww- A-h-s≥-d- ap-∂n¬- Ip-sd- hn-[n- X-h¬°-cn-°p-∂Xv IS∂ ssI Xs∂-
{XnXzw ss{IkvX-h¿°pw hn{K-lm- I-fpw- hn-e-°p-I-fp-ap-≠v.- A-h- ap-d-sX-‰m- bm-Wv. Bcm-[\m Imcy-ß-fn¬ Aev]w
cm-[\ lnμp-°ƒ°pw ""GI-ssZ-hh - n-izm sX- A-h≥- A-\p-k-cn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.- Po- kzmX-{¥y-a-\p-h-Zn-®m¬ Ckvemw kzoI-
kw'' Xs∂-bm-sW-¶nepw Ckvemans\ hn-XØ - n-se- Xn-c° - p-Iƒ-°n-Sb - n-epw- Zn-t\- cn-°m-sa∂v hmKvZm\w sNbvX tKm{X
kw_- ‘ n- ® n- S - t Ømfw Aß- s \- b - √ . \- A-h≥- Ir-Xy-am-bn- A-©p-t\-cw- \-akv- apJy-∑m¿°v A°m-cy-Øn¬ bmsXmcp
Ckveman-t\mSv kam-\-amb ]c-temIhn I-cn-°-Ww.- km-º-Øn-I-ti-jn-bp-s≠- hn´p-hn-gvN°pw \_n(-) hg-ßm-Xn-cp-∂
izmkw a‰m¿°p-an√ Xm\pw. CXc aX- ¶n¬- k-Im-Øv- (\n¿-_-‘-Zm-\w)- sImSp- Xv Hm¿°p-I.
ß-fnse hnizm-k] - c
- hpw kZm-Nm-c]- c
- h
- p- °-Ww.- Z- m-\[ - ¿-aß - ƒ- sN-øW - w.- d-aZ- m≥- Ckvemanse- Xulo-Zns‚ {]mtbm-
amb ASn-Ø-d-Isf Xncp--Øn-sb-gp-Xp∂ am-kw- ap-gp-h-\pw- {h-X-a-\p-jv-Tn-°-Ww.- I- KnI am\sØ°- p dn- ® p≈ XnI™
Hcp kq‡-sa-ßs\ "k¿h-aX kXy-hm gn-hp-s≠-¶n¬- a-°-bn¬- t]m-bn- l-÷v- A⁄-X-bmWv Cu Bi-b-°p-g-∏-ß
Z'Øn\v sXfn-hmIpw? sN-ø-Ww.- a-Zy-]-n-°-cp-Xv.- hy-`n-N-cn-°-cp- ƒ°v Imc-Ww. kZm-Nm-c-aq-ey-ßsf \n¿
P\- h n- ` m- K - ß - f psS kap- Z m- b - ] m- c - Xv.- ta-mj- vS- n-°c - p-Xv.- km-ºØ - n-Im-`n-hr-≤n- W-bn-°p-∂Xv a\p-jys‚ hnizm-kß - f
- m-
ºcyw am{Xw kqNn-∏n®p-sIm≠p≈ C bn¬- a-Xn-a-d-∂v- ssZ-htØm-Sv- \-μn-tI-Sp- sW∂pw C°m-cy-Øn¬ a\p-jy¿°v
Øcw `mjm-]-c-amb ]cm-a¿i-ßƒ Jp¿ Im-´-cp-Xv.- Zm-cn-{Zy-ap-≠m-bm¬- \n-cm-i-\m- ssI IS-Øm≥ A\p-hmZw \¬Ip∂-Xm
B\n¬ thsd-bp-ap-≠v. DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v bn- ssZ-h-\n-tj-[n-bm-bn- am-d-cp-Xv.- C-ß- Wv _lp-ssZh hnizm-k-Øns‚ ImX-
s\- H-t´-sd- Xym-Kß - ƒ- N
- b
- Xv- v- ap-ke v- n-ambn-
Cu kq‡w {i≤n-°pI: ""F∂m¬ Ah se∂pw Xncn-®d - n-bs
- ∏-tS-≠X
- p-≠v. F√m
Po-hn-°p-∂-h¿-°v- kz¿-K-ap-s≠-∂v- A√m-
¿ (th-Z-°m¿) HtcXc-°m-c-√. kXy-am aX-Z¿i-\-ß-fn-sebpw ss\XnI aqey-
lp- k-t¥m-jh - m¿-Ø- A-dn-bn-®n-´p-≠v.- F-
¿K--Øn¬ Dd-®p-\n¬°p∂ Hcp hn`mKw ßƒ kam-\-am-sW-∂Xpw hºn® sX‰n-
∂m¬,- C-∏-d-™- Xym-K-ß-sfm-∂p-w- sN-
Ah-cn-ep-≠v. Ah¿ A√m-lp-hns‚ hm ≤m-c-W-bm-Wv. ssZhsØ kw_-‘n®v
ømØ-,- tI-h-ew- -ssZ-h-ap-s≠-∂ h-n-iz-m-
Iy-ßsf \nim-k-abw ]mcm-bWw sN aqey-ßƒ imiz-Xhpw \nc-t]-£-hp-am-
kap-≈-;- \-√-sX-∂p- kz-bw- tXm-∂p-∂-
øp-Ibpw (A-h-s\) \an-°p-Ibpw sNøp- sW-¶nepw a\p-jys\ kw_-‘n-®n-S-
Ip-sd- I¿-a-ßƒ- sN-øp∂- B-fp-Iƒ-°pw-
∂p. A√m-lp-hnepw A¥y-Zn-\-Ønepw tØmfw Ah aX-Z¿i-\ß - sf At]-£n-
A-tX- kz-¿-K-Øn¬- {]-th-in-°m-sa-∂-
Ah¿ hniz-kn-°p-∂p. \∑ I¬]n-°p- ®n-cn-°p-∂p. (A-s√-¶n¬ {]hm-N-I-∑m-cp
Xn¬- F-¥v- bp-‡n-bm-Wp≈-Xv?- \o-Xn-am-
Ibpw Xn∑ hntcm-[n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. sS Bhiyw hcp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√).
\m-b- ssZ-h-Øn-\v- tbm-Pn-®-Xm-tWm- A-
k¬-I¿a-ß-fn¬ a‰p-≈-hsc Ih®p sh ka-Xzw, kzmX-{¥yw, \oXn, kZm-Nm
Xv?- -F-¶n¬- ]n-s∂- F-¥n-\m-Wv- {]-hm-N-
°m-\h - ¿ AXyp¬kmlw ImWn-°p-∂p.
I≥-()- I-S-∂p-h-∂-Xv?- F-¥n-\m-W- v- {]- cw XpS-ßnb am\-hnI aqey-ßƒ {]hm-
Ah¿ kpIr-X-hm-∑m-cn¬ s]´-h-cs{X''- N-I-∑m¿ aptJ\ am{X-amWv `qan-bn¬
hm-N-I-\pw- A-\p-N-c-∑m-cpw- ]o-U-\-ßƒ-
(3:113-˛115). ÿm]n-°-s∏-´-Xv. F¶nepw Imem-¥-c-
G-‰p-hm-ßn-bX - v?- F-¥n-\m-Wh¿- Xym-tKm-
blq-Zc- m-bn-cp∂ A_vZp-√m-ln_v \p Pz-ea - m-b- co-Xn-bn¬- {]-t_m-[\ - {- ]-h¿-Ø- Øn¬ Ah a\p-jy-cpsS ssIIS-Ø¬
kemapw a‰pw Ckvemam-t«-jn-®-Xm Wv \-ßƒ- \-S-Øn-b-X-v?- F¥n-\m-Wv- C-∂v- aqew kzm¿Y- Xm¬]cy-ßƒ°-\p-kr-X-
Cu kq‡-ßf - psS Ah-Xc
- W ]›m-Ø- {]-t_m-[-\-{]-h¿-Ø-\ƒ- \-S-Øp-∂-Xv?- ambn am‰-Øn-cp-Ø-ep-Iƒ°v hnt[-b-am-
ew. F¶nepw kq‡-Øn¬ Ahsc XpS Jm-en-Zv- a-\- n-em-°-n-b-Xn-s‚--A-Sn-kv-Y-h- °-s∏-Sp-Ibpw AXp-aptJ\ a\pjy kaq-
¿∂pw- "thZ-°m¿' F∂v Xs∂ ]cm-a¿in- \-Øn¬- -C-sX-√mw- ]m-gv-th-e-b-t√?- kz¿- l-Øn¬ On{Z-Xbpw A{I-ahpw a‰v Ipg-
°p-∂Xv {i≤n-°p-I. kq‡w 5:82-˛¬ K-Øn¬- h-f-sc- Cu-kn-bm-bn- B¿-°pw- ∏-ßfpw D≠m-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp. A¥n-
ss{IkvX-h-scbpw CØ-c-Øn¬ ]cm- I-S-°m-sa-¶n¬- F-¥n-\m-Wv- ap-kv-enw-Iƒ- a-{]-hm-N-I-\mb apl-ΩZv\_n(-)-bp-sS
a¿in-°p-∂p-≠v. C-ß-s\- I-jv-S-s∏-´v- "ap-kv-enw'-I-fm-I-p- bpw A\p-bm-bn-I-fp-sSbpw XymK ]cn-{i-
""thZ-°m-cn-sebpw _lp-ssZ-hh - n-izm- ∂Xv?- B-cm-bm-epw- kz¿-Kw- sd-Un-bm- -a-ßƒ aptJ\ B aqey-ßƒ `qan-bn¬
kn-I-fn-sebpw kXy-\n-tj-[n-I-fm-b-h-cp- Wt√m!- ]p\x-ÿm-]n-°-s∏-Sp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.
≠-t√m...'' F∂v XpS-ßp∂ kq‡w(98:6) G-Xm-bm-epw- A-√m-lp- A-h-s≥-d- th- h¿W-hyh-ÿnXn \ne\n∂n-cp∂
-t\m°p-I. At∏mƒ _lp-ssZh hnizm- Z-{K-Ÿa - m-b- Jp¿B-≥- A-hX - c- n-∏n-®X
- v- ap- C¥y-bn¬Xs∂ A[x-ÿnX hn`m-K-ß
kn-I-fn¬ kXy-hn-izm-kn-I-fp-ap t≠m? l-ΩZ- v\
- _- n-()-°m-Wt- √m.- A-t±-la - m-Wv- ƒ°v \oXnbpw ka-Xzhpw Ic-K-X-am-°p-
(sXm-´-SpØ kq‡-Øn¬ Ah-sc-∏-‰n tem-I¿-°-Xv- hn-i-Zo-I-cn-®p-sIm-Sp-Ø-Xv.- ∂-Xn¬ Ckvemw hln® ]¶v Bcpw \n
]d-bp-∂p-≠v).- ChnsS ""_lp-ssZhhn A-t±-lw- a-\ - n-em-°n-bX
- pw- ]-Tn-∏n-®X - pw- tj-[n-°p-sa∂v tXm∂p-∂n-√. Cu alm-
2006 sk-]v-‰w-_¿- 5
hn-π-h-Øn\v ]n∂n¬ {]h¿Øn® Ckv- ambn hniz-kn®p-t]m∂ hnizmkw;- AXn ∂m¬- F-√-m-h¿-°pw- D-]-Im-c-s∏-t´-°mw.-
eman-Im-Z¿i-Øn-s‚bpw temIm-\p-{K-ln- s‚ ASn-Ød ]cn-tim-[n-°m-sX -X-s∂,- C\n bp‡n-bpsS shfn-®-Øn¬ ]cn-
bmb apl-ΩZv \_n(-)-bp-sSbpw Ahn- Xßƒ B hnizm-k-Øn¬ \ne-sIm-≠- W-a-hm-Z-sØ-∏‰n Nn-e- tNmZy-ßƒ tNm
SpsØ A\p-bm-bn-I-fp-sSbpw {]k-‡n Xn-\m¬ AXv icn-bm-sW∂v hmZn-°p Zn-°s´.-
sb tNmZyw sNøp-I-bmWv bYm¿Y--Øn ∂hcpap-≠v.-
1. ]cn- W maw Poh- t em- I - Ø nse
¬ JmenZv sNøp-∂-Xv. Cu ASn-Ø-d-bn¬ \n∂v ]cn-tim-[n- XpS¿ {]{In-b-bmtWm?
˛Fw. Fkv. sI. °p-tºmƒ ico-^v- Hcp "imkv{X-hn-izm-
2. Poh- t em- I - Ø nse ]cn- W ma
Beph kn-'b
- m-Wv. AXp-sIm≠p-Xs∂ imkv{Xw
{]{In-b-bpsS Ah-km\ IÆn-bmtWm
***** icn-bm-sW∂pw AXn∂p-ta¬thsd H
a\p-jy≥?
∂pw C√-∂p≈ hmZw hcp-∂p. AXp-sIm-
≠v- ico^pw Cu {]]© {kjvSm-hns‚ 3. F¥p-sIm-≠mWv a\p-jy≥ ]cn-
]cn-Wm-a-hmZw BkvXn-IysØ \ntj-[n-°p∂Xmbn W-an-°m-ØXv?
Hcp-hn-tbm-P-\-Ip-dn∏v a\- n-em-I-p-∂p. ]c-º-cy-ambn Ckvemw 4. ]cn-Wmaw a\p-jy-\n¬ Ah-km-
2006 BKÃv amksØ kvt\l-kw- aX-Øn¬ P\n® Bfm-Wv ico-s^-¶n- \n-®Xv F¥p-sIm≠v?
hmZw amkn-I-bn¬ ico^v A¬tJm- epw Ckvemans‚ _me-]m-Tw-t]mepw i 5. ]cn-Wm-a-Øns‚ GXp L´-Øn-
_m¿ Fgp-Xnb Hcp teJ-\-amWv Cu co-^n-\-dn-bn-s√∂v teJ-\-Øns‚ LS-\- emWv a\p-jy≥ hkv{Xw [cn-°m≥ XpS-
Ipdn-∏-\-Sn-ÿm-\w. teJ-\-Øns‚ XpS- bn¬\n∂pw a\- n-em-Ip-∂p. teJ-\Ø - n ßn-bXv?
°-Øn¬ Xs∂ At±lw Fgp-Xp-∂Xv ¬ Hcn-S-Øp-]-d-bp-∂p:- ""\nß-fpsS Kth- 6. a\p-jys‚ hkv{X-[m-cW
- Ø
- ns‚
imkv{X-kw-_-‘-amb Nne- XehmN-I- j-W-ßƒ hfsc Ffp-∏-am-Wv. ImcWw t{]cIw F¥n¬\n-∂mWv?
ß-fmWv kvt\l-kw-hmZw hmbn-°m≥ F¥mWv Is≠-tØ-≠Xv,- Fhn-sS-bm-
Wv,- F{X-sIm-√w-ap-ºmWv F∂-sXm-s°- 7. P¥p-°ƒ°v F¥p-sIm≠v hkv
At±-lØ - n\v t{]c-Wb - m-bXv F∂m-Wv.
]-S®
- h- ≥Xs∂ FgpXn 1400 sIm√w apºv {Xw-[-cn-°m≥ tXm∂p-∂n-√? AXn-\p≈
Cu- hmN-I-Øn¬\n∂pw a\- n-em-I-p-
Iøn¬ X∂n-´p-≠-t√m.'' t{]cW F¥mWv?
∂Xv imkv{X-amWv ]c-a-{]-[m\w F∂m
Wv At±lw a\- n-em-°n-sh-®n-cn-°p-∂- Cu hmN-I-Øn¬ c≠v Bt£] 8. e-÷-bm-Wv- hkv{Xw [cn-°m≥
Xv- F-∂m-Wv.- imkv{Xw am{Xsa- Xe-bn¬ ßƒ D≠v. H∂v Jp¿B≥ shdpw H-cp a\p-jys\ t{]cn-∏n-®s
- X-¶n¬ Cu Nn¥
Ib-dpI-bp-≈q- F-∂v- \
- S- n-°p-I.- AXn-s∂- {KŸw, AX-h-X-c-n-∏n® ]S-®-X-ºp-cm≥ F¥p-sIm≠v P¥p-°-fn¬ D≠m-bn√?
Xn-sc-∂p- tXm-∂p-∂- F¥n-s\bpw IÆ- \n m-c≥. ico-^n\v ]‰nb A_≤-w 9. ]cn-Wm-a-Øns‚ GXv Zi-bn-em
S®v FXn¿°pI-!- -]-e-cpw- C-ß-s\-bm-Wv.- Jp¿B\ns\ i-cn-bmw-h-Æw- a\- n-em- Wv a\p-jy\v \mW-Nn¥ DS-se-Sp-ØXv?
_p≤n H∂n\pw ]W-bw-sh-bv°msX °n-bn√ F∂-Xm-Wv. 10. hkv{X-[m-c-Whpw ]cn-Wm-a-hm-
kzX-{¥-ambn Nn¥n-®m¬ Imcy-ßƒ a\- Jp¿-B≥ - - Nn¥-bpsS hmXm-b\
- ß
- ƒ Zhpw Fßs\ -tbm-Pn-∏n-°m-\mIpw?
n-em-°m≥ Ffp-∏-am-bn-cn°pw.- Xpd-∂nSp-hm≥- I¬-]n-°p-∂- {K-Ÿ-am-Wv.- 11. ]cn-Wm-a-Øns‚ GXv Zi-bnem
bm-Ym¿Yyw- a-\- n-em-bm¬- A-Xv-Dƒ- Nn¥n®v,- ]Tn®v,- a\- n-em-°n-b-Xn\p- Wv a\p-jy≥ kwkm-cn-°m≥ XpS-ßn-
s°m-≈p-∂-h\m-Wv- _p≤n-am≥. ]cn-Wm- tijw Dƒs°m≈p-Itbm Dƒs°m-≈m- bXv?
a-hm-Z-Øns‚ A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ bp‡n-hm- Xn-cn-°p-Itbm sNømw. hnizm-k-Øns‚ 12. GXv bp‡n-bpsS ASnÿm\-Øn-
Zn-I-fm-Wv. bYm¿Y-Øn¬ Ah¿ Hcp-bp- {]iv\-Øn¬ Hcp \n¿_-‘hpw Jp¿B emWv a\p-jy≥ kwkm-cn-°p-Ib - pw Fgp-
‡nbpw C√m-Ø-h-cp-am-Wv. bp‡n-hm-Zn- ≥ BcpsS t]cnepw sNep-Øp-∂n-√. ac- Xp-Ib- pw ]co-£Ww \S-Øp-Ib - pw hmbn-
Iƒ \ntj-[n-°p-∂Xv Cu {]]© {k Wm-\-¥c Pohn-X-Øn¬ D≠m-Im≥t]m- °p-Ibpw sNøp-∂X - v. Cu {]h¿Øn-Iƒ
jvSm-hns‚ B-kvXn-Iy-sØ-bm-Wv. AXp- Ip∂ Pb-]-cm-P-bsØ Ipdn-®p≈ Xm P¥p-tem-IØv F¥p-sIm≠v \S-°p-
sIm-≠p-Xs∂ Ah¿ t\cn-Sp-∂Xv {][m- °o-Xv- Jp¿B≥ \¬Ip-∂p-≠v. ""\nß- ∂n√?
\-ambpw aX-hn-izm-k-ß-tfm-Sm-Wv. fn¬ BcmWv \∑-sN-øp-∂Xv F∂v ]co-
11. a\p-jy≥ tcmKn-bm-bm¬ tUmIv
ssZh-hn-izm-kn-I-fn¬ `qcn-`m-Khpw £n-°p-hm≥ th≠n Pohn-X-sØbpw ac-
Ssd tXSn Bip-]-{Xn-bn¬ t]mIp∂p.
ssZhsØ a\- n-em°n hniz-kn-®-h¿ W-sØbpw krjvSn-®h - \
- mWv A√mlp''
F∂m¬ arK-ßƒ F¥p-sIm≠v tcmK-
A√. ]mc-º-cy-ambn Xß-fpsS amXm-]n- (kqdx- a-p¬I-v). ico^v imkv{Xw-]-Tn®
am-bm¬ arKm-ip-]{- Xn-If
- n¬ t]mIp-∂n√.
Xm-°ƒ GsXm-cp-hn-izm-k-Øn-em-tWm- t]mse Jp¿B≥ H-∂v ]Tn-°m≥ Xb-m-
\n-e-sIm-≠Xv;- B hnizmkw ]n≥]‰n- dm-h-p-I. AXn\p-vtijw Jp¿-B≥ apl- Cu tNmZy-ßƒ°v _p≤n-am-\mb
t]m-∂-h-cm-Wv. ]mc-º-cy-ambn Xßƒ ΩZv \_n(-) sIń-bp-≠m-°n-bXm-sW- ico^v _p≤n-bp-sSbpw bp‡n-bp-sSbpw
Dƒs°m≠ hnizmkw sX‰m-tWm, icn- ∂v- ka¿Y-n-°m≥ Ign-bptam F-∂v- t\m- shfn-®-Øn¬ adp-]Sn \¬Ipw F∂v
bm-tWm, F∂v ]cn-tim-[n-°m≥ Xbm- °p-I.- Ign-bp-sa-¶n¬ B- k-a¿-Y-\w- {]Xo£n°p-∂p.-
dm-Ip-∂-h¿ Npcp-°w. ]cn-tim-[n-°p-∂- "kvt\l-kw-hm-Z-'-Ønte-°v- A-b-®p-sIm- ˛sI.-F. apl-Ω-ZvIp™v
h-cn¬am‰w ImWm≥ Ign-bpw. ]c-º-cy- Sp-°p-I.- Bhn-j-b-Øn¬ Hcp N¿® \-S- D-fn-b-∂q¿-
2006 sk-]v-‰w-_¿- 6
]-{Xm-[n-]¿-°v- ]-d-bm-\p-≈-Xv-
Xo-{h-hm-Zn-I-tfm-Sv-
Kp-W-Imw-£-tbm-sS...-
{]Ir-Xn-a-X-am-Wv- C-kv-emw;- a-\p-jy-{]-Ir-Xn-tbm-Sv- ]q¿-W-am-bn- s]m-cp-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂-
Z¿-i\- w.- {]-Ir-Xn-hn-cp-≤a - m-b- \n¿-tZi-ßs - fm-∂pw- C-kve - m-an-en-√.- G-Is
- sZ-hm-cm-[\ - bpw-
]-ctem-I-t_m-[-hpw- ssZ-hn-I-am¿-K-Z¿-i-\ -{]-Im-c-ap-≈- Po-hn-X-hpw- kz-—-am-b- a-\pjy-
{]-Ir-X-n-bp-sS- kzm-`m-hn-I-am-b- tX-´-ß-fm-Wv-.- {]-Ir-Xn-b-p-sS- tX-´-ß-tfm-Sv- ]p-dw-Xn-cn-
™p- \n¬-°m≥- a-\p-jy-sc- t{]-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv- ]n-im-Nm-Wv.- ss]-im-Nn-I- {]-tem-`-\-ß-
fn¬- \n-∂-v c-£-s∏-´p-sIm-≠v- {]-Ir-Xn-bp-sS- tX-´-ß-tfm-Sv- kr-jv-Sn-]-c-am-bn- {]-Xn-I-cn-
°p-hm-\m-Wv- C-kv-emw- B-h-iy-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.- A-Xn-cp-I-hn-™- B-flo-b-X-bpw- Po¿-W-
amb- ù-Xn-I-X-bpw- a-\p-jy-{]-Ir-Xn-bp-am-bn- s]m-cp-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂-X-√.- B-flo-b-X-bp-sS-
t]-cn-¬- Po-hn-X-\n-tj-[w- ]-Tn-∏n-°p-∂- a-Xm-i-b-ß-sf- C-kv-emw- Xn-c-kv-I-cn-°p-∂p.-
""aX-Øn¬- A-Xn-cp-I-hn-b-cp-Xv''- (4:-171)- F-∂m-Wv- Jp¿-B\n-s‚- A-\p-im-k\.- "A-Xncp-
I-hn-b¬- B-]-Øm-sW-∂pw- A-Xm-Wv- ]q¿-h-k-ap-Zm-b-ß-sf- \-in-∏n-®-sX-∂pw'- A-¥na-
{]-hm-NI - ≥- - ap-∂d - n-bn∏v- \¬-Ip-Ib - p- w- sN-bX v- n-´p-≠v.- - X-s‚ k-ap-Zm-bØ - n¬- D-≠m- I - phm≥-
t]m-Ip-∂- Xo{h-hm-Zs - Ø-°p- d - n-®pw- A-Øc - w- Xo-{h-hm-Zn-Iƒ- a-XØ - n¬- \n-∂v- ]p-dØ- pt]m-
Ip-∂-h-cm-bn-cn-°psa-∂p-sa-√-mw- ap-l-Ω-Zv- \-_n-()- {]-h-Nn-®-Xm-bn- Im-Wm≥- I-gn-bpw.-
ap-l-Ω-Zv- \-_n-()-°p- ti-jw- ap-kv-enw- tem-I-Øv- `n-∂n-∏v- D-Zv-Lm-S-\w- sN-b-vX-h¿-
{]-hm-N-I- h-N-\-Øn-s‚- ]q¿-ØoI-c-W-sa-t∂m-Ww- Jp¿-B≥- h-N-\-ß-sf- Zp¿-hymJym-
\n-®p sIm-≠m-Wv- X-ß-fp-sS- B-i-b-{]-Nm-c-W-Øn-\v- {i-an-®-Xv-.- A-hn-sS-\n-∂v- C-t∂mf-
ap-≠m-bn-´p-≈- hy-Xn-bm-\° - m-sc-√mw- Jp¿-B\ - p-w- kp-∂Øpam-Ip-∂- {]-am- W - ß - s- f- kμ¿-
`-Øn¬- \n-∂v- A-S¿-Øn-sb-Sp-Øv- A-h-X-cn-∏n®pw- X-ßƒ- t\-c-sØ-Ø-s∂-bp-≠m-°nb-
B-ib - ß
- ƒ-°\ - p-kr-Xa - m-bn- {]-am-Wß - s - f- hn-f° - n-t®¿-Øpw- sIm-≠mWv- ap-kve - nwtem-
I-Øv- \n-e-\n-∂-Xv.- C-kv-em-an-I- {]-am-W-ß-sf- a-\- n-em-°p-hm≥- {]-tbm-Kn-t°-≠-
am\-Zfi-sa-¥m-bn-cn-°W - s - a-∂- Ku-ch - X
- c - a - m-b- N¿-®I - ƒ-°v- ]-finX-tem-Iw- km£yw-
h-ln-®- km-lN - c- y-an-Xm-bn-cp-∂p.- H-tcm-cp-Øc - pw- A-hc - h- ¿-°v- tXm-∂n-b- cq-]Ø - n¬- {]am-
W-ß-sf- a-\- n-em-°pI-bm-tWm- A-X-√- A-h-sb- a-\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn-\m-bn- \n-b-Xamb-
h-√- co-Xn-im-kv-{X-hp-ap-≠m-bn-cn-t°-≠-Xp-t≠m- F-∂-Xm-Wv- Im-X-emb- {]-iv-\w.- Hmtcm-
2006 sk-]v-‰w-_¿- 7
cp-Ø-cpw- A-h-c-h¿-°v- tXm-∂n-b- co-Xn-bn¬- {]-am-W-ß-sf- a-\- n-em-°p-I-bpw- X-ßƒ-
a\- n-em-°n-b- co-Xn-bn¬- I-S-a-Iƒ- A-\p-jv-T-n-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xm¬- Hm-tcm-cp-Ø¿-°pw-
A-h-c-h-cp-tS-Xm-b- "kz-Im-cy-a-Xw'- D-≠m-hp-I-bm-bn-cn-°p-w- ^-ew.- ap-l-Ω-Zv- \-_n-()-bn¬-
\n-∂v t\¿-°p-t\-sc- a-Xw- ]-Tn-®-h-cm-Wv- kz-lm-_n-am¿.- A-√m-lp-hn-s‚- kw-Xr-]v-Xn-°p-
]m-{X-am-bh - ¿- F-∂v- Jp¿-B≥- X-s∂- ]-d™ - n-´p-≈h - ¿-.- D-Øa - X- e-ap-dI - s - f-∂v- {]-hm-NI\m¬-
hn-ti-jn-∏n-°s∏-´-hcm-Wv- B-Zy-sØ- aq-∂v- X-e-ap-d-I-fn-e-p≈-h¿.- A-√m-lp-hn-s‚-bpw- ZqX-
s‚-bpw- Aw-Ko-Im-cw- e-`n-®n-´p-≈- B-Zn-aX - e - a
- p-dI- f- n-ep≈-h¿ {]-am-Wß - s - f- a-\ - n-em°phm
≥- kzo-I-cn-®- co-Xn-im-kv-{Xw- X-s∂-bm-bn-cn-°-W-w- F-°m-e-L-´-Øn-se-bpw- hn-izm-kn-Iƒ-
A-\p-[m-h-\w- sN-tø-≠-sX-∂v- ]-d-bp-∂-Xv-,- A-X-v A-√m-lp-hn-s‚bpw- A-¥n-a-{]-hm-N-Is‚-
bpw- Aw-Ko-Im-c-Øn-\v- ]m-{X-am-b-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv.- {]-am-W-ß-sf- a-\- n-em-°p-hm\pw- A\p-
[m-h-\w- sN-øp-hm-\pw- B-Zn-a- X-e-apd-°m¿- kzo-I-cn-®- co-Xn-im-kv-{Xw- X-s∂- \n-jv-Ir-jvSam-
bn- A-\p-[-m-h-\w- sN-øp-hm≥- \mw- k-∂-≤-cm-bm¬- bm-sX-m-cp-hn-[- hy-Xn-bm-\-ßƒ-°pw-
]n-s∂- \-sΩ- kzm-[o-\n-°m≥- B-hn-√.- hy-Xn-bm-\-ßƒ- a-X-Øn¬- \n-∂v- ]p-dw-X-≈-s∏Sp∂-
]-cn-Wn-Xn-bn-se-Øm-Xn-cn-°p-hm≥- Cu-sbm-cp- co-Xn-im-kv-{X-Øn¬- X-s∂- A-≈n-∏n-Sn-°pI-
bm-Wv- hn-izm-kn-Iƒ- sN-tø-≠-Xv.-
C-kv-e-m-an-I- k-aq-l-sØ am¿-K-{`w-iß-fn-te-°v- -hy-Xn-N-en-∏n-®-Xv- Xo-{h-hm-Z-am-bn-cp∂p-
sh-∂v- \mw- a-\- n-em-°n.- Xo-{h-hm-Zw- C-kv-em-an-s≥-d-tbm ap-k-e v- nw-I-fp-sS-tbm- kr-jv-Snb√;-
{]-Xyp-X- i-{Xp-°f - p-sS- a-kvX - n-jvI- Ø - n¬- \n-∂m-Wv- D-bn¿-sIm-≈p- ∂ - s - X-∂v- N-cn-{X-ØneqsS-
kq-£v-am-t\z-j-Ww- \-S-Øn-bm¬- t_m-[y-am-Ipw.- "ap-kv-e-nw-Iƒ ò-I-c-cm-Wv'- F-∂- {]-amW-
Øn-\p- ]n-∂n¬- C-k-vem-an-s≥-d- i-{Xp-°-fm-sW-∂- Im-cy-Ø-n¬- ]-£m-¥-c-an-√.- A-t∏mƒ-
]n-s-∂- ap-kv-enw-I-s-f- ò-I-c-cm-°p-hm≥- t_m-[-]q¿-hw- ]-cn{i-an-°p-∂-h-tcm?- C -- -kv-em-an-s≥d-
i-{Xp-°tfm,-- A-h-cq-s-S- I-øn-se- ]m-h-I-tfm,- A-dn-bm-sX- A-h-cp-sS- I-øn-e-I-s∏-´- C-c-Itfm-
B-Wv- ap-kve - n- w-Is - f- Xo-{h-hm-Zn-If - m-°p-hm≥- {i-an-°p-∂s - X∂-v hy-‡w-. ap-kve - nw-Is - f- òIc-
cm-°n-Øo¿-°p-hm≥- {i-an-°p-∂-h¿- A-Xp-aq-ew- c-≠p-X-cw- t\-´-ß-fm-Wv- {]-Xo-£n-°p-∂Xv.-
H-∂v,- C-kv-em-an-Im-Z¿-i-ßƒ- ò-I-c-hm-Z-]-c-hpw- {]-m-Ir-X-hp-am-sW-∂v- tem-I-sØ- sX-‰n≤cn-
∏n-°p-I-bpw- A-Xp-h-gn- C-kv-em-an-s\-°-p-dn-®- Ku-h-c-X-c-am-b- ]-T-\-ß-f-n¬-\n-∂v- _p-≤o-Pohn-
I-sf- A-I‰ - n- \n¿-Øp-Ib - pw- sN-øp-I.- c-≠v,- C-kve - m-an-I- {]-t_m-[\ - Ø- n-\pw- k-aq-lØ - ns≥d-
kr-jv-Sn-]-c-am-b- ]p-tcm-KXn-°pw- th-≠n- D-]-tbm-Kn-°-s∏-tS-≠- ap-kv-enw- bp-hm-°-fp-sS-
Du¿-PsØ-bpw- [n-jW - s - b-bpw- I-ep-jn-Xa - m-°n-Øo¿-Øv- \n¿-ho-cy-am-°p-Ib - pw- ap-ke v- nwIsf-
B-fl-l-Xym-k-vIzm-Up-I-fm-°n-Øo¿-°p-I-bp-w- sN-øp-I.- ap-kv-enw- bp-h-X-bp-sS- a-\- n¬-
Xo-{h-hm-ZØn-s≥-d- hn-Øp-Iƒ- ap-f-∏n-°p-hm≥- {i-an-°p-∂-h¿- A-dn-t™m- A-dn-bm-sX-tbm-
i-{Xp-hn-s≥-d- C-cI - f - m-bn-Øo-cp-hm≥- ap-ke v- nw-Is - f- H-cp-°pI-bm-Wv- sN-øp-∂X - v.- Xo-{h-hmZØn-
\pw- ò-Ic - h- m-ZØ - n-\p-sa-Xn-scbp-≈- t]-mc - m-´w- C-kve - m-an-I{- ]-t_m-[\ - Ø - n-s≥-d- `m-Ka - m-bnØ-
s∂- \n¿-hl - n-°s - ∏-tS-≠X - m-sW-∂p- ]-db - p-∂X - v- A-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv.- ò-Ic - h - m-Zn-Is - f- hf¿Øp-
∂-h¿-°v- G-sd- sh-dp-∏p-≈X - v- {]-t_m-[\ - {- ]-h¿-Ø\ - ß - t- f-mS- m-Wv.- k-ap-Zm-bs - Ø- ò-Ic - h¬-
I-cn-°p-I- h-gn- Z-Av-hØn-s\- a-c-hn-∏n-°m-sa-∂m-W-v A-h¿- I-W-°p-Iq-´p-∂-Xv.-
Xo-{h-hm-ZsØ- hn-a¿-in-°p-∂X - v- B--tcm-sS-¶n-ep-ap-≈- hn-tcm-[w- Xo¿-°p-hm-\√ - ;- A‘am-
b- kw-L-S-\m-Xm¬-]-cyhp-a-√ ò-I-c-hm-Zhn-cp-≤-am-b- \n-e-]m-sS-Sp-°p-hm≥- {]-t_m-[-I-sc-
t{]-cn-∏n-°p-∂X - v;- - Xo-{h-hm-Zw- C-ke v- m-an-I- {]-am-Wß - f - p-sS- B-flm-hn-\v- F-Xn-cm-bX - p-sIm≠m-
Wv.- H-∏w- X-s∂ - - Xo-{h-hm-Zn-If - m-bn- Ø- o-cp-∂- k-tlm-Zc - ß
- t- f-mS- p-≈- Kp-WI - m-£b - pw.- BZ¿i-
am-sW-∂v- sX-‰n-≤c - n-®v- i-{Xp-hn-s≥-d- C-cI - f - m-bn-Øocp-∂h - s- c- {]-am-Wß - f - p-sS- sh-fn- ® - Øn¬-
]n-¥n-cn-∏n-°m≥- {i-an-°p-I-sb-∂-Xv- A-h-tcm-Sp-X-s∂- sN-øp-∂- h-en-b- tk-h-\-am-W-t√m.-
kzm-en-lv- \-_n-()- ]-d-™-Xp- X-s∂-bm-Wv- \-a-p-°v- \-Ωp-sS- k-tlm-Z-c-ß-tfm-Sv- ]-dbm\p-
≈-Xv-:- ""....-F-s≥-d- P-\-ß-tf,- Xo-®-bm-bpw- Rm≥- \n-ßƒ-°v- F-s≥-d- c-£n-Xm-hn-s≥-d- ktμ-
iw- F-Øn-®p- X-cn-I-bpw- B-flm¿-Y-am-bn- Rm≥- \n-ß-tfm-Sv- D-]-tZ-in-°p-I-bp-ap-≠m-bn.-
]t£,- k-Zp-]-tZ-i-sØ- \n-ßƒ- C-jv-S-s∏-Sp-∂n-√''- (7:-79).-- -
2006 sk-]v-‰w-_¿- 8
h-ni-I-e-\w--
Pm-Xn,- h¿-Wt`-ZØn-s≥-d- -
A-Sn-th-cp-Iƒ- tX-Sp-tºmƒ-
D-kv-am≥- ]m-e-°m-gn h¿- W - Ø n¬- s]- ´ - h - \ pw- `- ‡ n- a m¿- K - ¶n¬- sX-‰n.- km-£m¬- kw-Lv-]-cn-hm-dn-
Øn¬- {]-th-in-°mw.- Cu-iz-c-\p- ap-ºn¬- s≥-d- ]-{X-am-b- P-∑-`q-an-bn(2006,- Pq-sse-
""D-Ø-a `-Iv-X-\v- H-cn-S-Øpw- t`-Z-_p- k-a-∑m-cm-sW-∂v- F-√-m-h¿-°p-a-dn-bm-w.- 7,- sh-≈n,- t]-Pv- 4)¬- "Pm-Xn-˛ h¿-W-t`-
≤n-bn-√.- a-\p-jy¿-°n-S-bn¬- Pm-Xn,- h¿- Cu-iz-c-km-£m¬-°m-c-Øn-\v- Pm-Xn-,- h¿- Zw- an-Yym-[m-c-W'- F-∂- X-e-s°-ń¬- ]m-
W- t`-Z-ß-fpw- N-cn-{X-K-Xn-bp-sS- G-tXm- Wm-Xn-t`-Zw- {]-Xn-_-‘-a-√''-. te-en- \m-cm-b-W≥- \-ºp-Xn-cn- F-gp-Xn-b-
L-´Ø- n¬- cq-]w-sIm-≠h - b- m-Wv.- a-\p-jy- ap-I-fn¬- sIm-Sp-Ø- hm-N-I-ßƒ- Cu- -- G
- I
- m-Zi
- k
- vI‘- Ø - n-eq-sS- F-∂- ]w-‡n-
¿-°v- ]-c-kv-]-c cq-]-t`-Zw- b-Ym¿-Y-Øn¬- te-JI- s- ≥-dX
- m-sW-∂v,- A-s√-¶n¬- G-sX- bn-se- hm-N-I-ß-f-h-Wn-h- F-∂-d-n-bp-
C-√m-Ø-Xm-Wv.- h-kv-Xp-X- C-Xm-sW¶n- ¶n-epw- Pm-Xn-hn-cp-≤- {]-h¿-Ø-I-s≥-d-Xm- tºmƒ- sR-é - p-≠m-Ip-∂X - v- kzm-`m-hn-Iw.-
epw Pm-Xn-t`-Zw- C-∂pw- Xp-S-cp-∂p.- G-Xp- sW-∂v- hm-b-\-°m¿- a-\- n-em-°n-sb- Im-c-Ww- -Pm-Xn,- h¿-W-hy-h-kv-Y- ln-μp-a-
2006 sk-]v-‰w-_¿- 9
X-Øn-s≥-d- `m-Kw- X-s∂-bm-Wv- F-∂Xv- I-cn-°m-h-X-√- F-∂pw- kn-≤m-¥n-®p-sIm- {]-]-iy-Z-v`n¿-P-\m¿-Z-\-
H-cp- h-kv-Xp-X-bm-Wv.- C-¥y-bp-sS- kmaq ≠v- Ko-X- h¿-W-[¿-a-Øn-\v- kvYncoIc ""ssI-b-S-°n-b- apX¬- A-h-Im-i-s∏-
ly-N-cn-{X-Øn¬- C-h- h-f-sc- B-g-Øn¬- Ww- \¬-IpI-b-t√- ta¬-]-d-™- t«m-I- ´h¿-°p- hn-´p-sIm-Sp-°m≥- I-gn-bm-Ø-h-
-th-tcm-´w- t\Sp-I-bpw- km-aq-ly-L-S-\-bp- Øn¬?-- h¿-W-[¿-aw- {_m-lv-a-W-˛£-{Xn- Æw- tem-`w-sIm-≠v- C-cp-≠- a-\-t m-Sp-
sS- D-]-cn-X-e-Øn¬- C-h-bp-sS-- im-tJm-]- b-˛ssh-iy-˛iq-{Z- h¿-W-ßƒ-s°-√mw- hn- Iq-Snb- Cu- Zp-tcym-[-\m-Xn-Iƒ- Ip-e-£-
im-J-Iƒ- hn-im-e-am-bn- ]-S¿-∂p-]-¥-en- `n-∂-am-bn-cn-°-sh,- A-h-bn¬- G-sX-¶n- bw-sIm-≠p-≠m-Ip-∂- tZm-j-sØ-bpw- an-
°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xn-cn-°p-∂p.- C-¥y-bn¬- epw- H-cp- h¿-WØ - n-\v- kz-[¿-aØ - n¬-\n∂v,- {X-ßs - f- t{Zm-ln-°p-∂X - p-sIm-≠p-≠m-Ip-
C-∂pw- A-Xv- \n-e-\n¬-°p-I-bpw- sN-øp- kz[¿-a-am-bn- \n-iv-N-bn-°-s∏-´- Im-cy-ß- ∂- ]m-X-I-sØ-bpw- Im-Wp-∂n-s√-¶n-epw-
∂p.- A-Xn-s≥-d- Xn-Iv-X-^-e-ßƒ- A-\p-`- fn¬-\n-∂v- hy-Xn-N-en-°p-I- km-[y-a-√.- Ip-e£ - b - w- sIm-≠p-≠m-Ip-∂- tZm-jw- hy-
hn-°p-∂- P-\t- Im-Sn-Iƒ- C-∂p-ap-≠v.- ssl- AØ-cw- hy-Xn-N-e-\-sØ- [¿-a-\n-cm-I-c- ‡-am-bn- Im-Wp-∂- \-Ω-fm¬- Cu- ]m-]-
μ-h- {K-Ÿ-ßƒ- A-h-sb- i-cn-sh-°p-I- W-am-bn- Ko-X- Nn-{Xo-I-cn-°p-∂p.- kzh¿ Øn¬-\n-∂p- ]n≥-hm-ßp-∂-Xv- A-dn-bm-Xn-
bpw- sN-øp-∂p-≠v.- F-∂n-´p-sa-t¥- kw-Lv- W-Øn-s‚- [¿-a-ß-sf-°p-dn-®v- Kp-W-˛tZm- cn-°p-∂-sX-ß-s\?''-.-
]-cn-hm¿- ]-{Xw- an-Yym-[m-c-W- F-∂p- ]d j,- \-∑-˛Xn-∑m-[n-jv-Tn-X-am-b- B-tem-N-\-
C-X-n-s\- hym-Jym-\n-®p-sIm-≠v- s{]m-
™v- A-h-bv-s°-Xn-sc- I-Æ-S-bv-°p-∂p?- Iƒ-°v- H-cp- h¿-Wh - pw- A-\p-hm-Zw- \¬Ip-
^.- Pn.- _m-e-Ir-jv-W≥- \m-b¿- F-gp-Xp-
A-h- sh-dpw- an-Yym-[m-c-W-bm-tWm?- thZ- ∂n-√.- A-Øc - w- ]p-\c - m-tem-N\ - I
- ƒ- alm-
∂-p-:- ""....-kq-£v-a-Nn-¥-bn¬- A¿-Pp-\-s‚--
ß-f-n-epw- C-Xn-lm-k-ß-fn-epw- a-\p-jysc- ]m-X-I-am-bn- Ko-X- Im-Wp-∂p-:-
[-¿-a-_p-≤n-X-s∂- k-z¥w- Ip-e-sØ- Np‰n-
{_m-“W - ≥,- £-{Xn-b≥,- ssh-iy≥,- iq{Z t{i-bm≥- kz-[¿-tam- h-n-Kp-Wx- ∏-‰n- \n¬-°p-∂-tX-bp-≈q- F-∂p- Im-tW-
≥- F-∂n-ß-s\- \m-ep- h¿-W-ß-fm-bn- th
]-c-[¿-a-m¬- kz-\p-jv-Tn-Xm-Xv- ≠-Xm-Wv.- Cu- A-Xn¿-h-c-ºp-Iq-Sn- t`-Zn-
¿-Xn-cn-®-Xm-bn- Im-Wp-∂n-t√?- \mep- h¿
kz-[¿-ta- \n-[-\w- t{i-bx- ®m¬- A¿-Pp-\-s≥-d- [¿-a-_p-≤n- k-Xyw-
W-ßƒ-°pw- {]-tXy-Iw- I¿-aß - f- pw- A\p-
Im-Wm≥- I-cp-Øp-≈-Xm-bn-Øo-cpw....''-
jv-Tm-\-ß-fpw- \n¿-tZ-in-°-s∏-ń-ń-t√?- F ]-c-[¿-tam- `-bm-h-l-x--
({io-a-Zv- `-K-h-Zv-Ko-X- i-n-hm-c-hn-μw- a-lm-
∂n-´pw- C-Xn-s\- an-Yym-[m-c-W- F-∂p- ]d- ""kz-[¿-aw- Kp-W-lo-\-am-bn-cp-∂m-epw- `m-jyw,- t]-Pv- 37).-
™v- A-h-K-Wn-°p-hm≥- Im-c-W-sa-¥v?- i-cn-bm-bn- B-Nc - n-®v- h-cp-∂- ]-c[ - ¿-as
- Ø-
{io-Ir-jv-W-s≥-d- Cu- {]-Jym-]-\w- {]-kn \n-Xy-ssN-X-\y- b-Xn- F-gp-Xp-∂p-:- ""C-
°mƒ- t{i-b-kv-I-c-am-Wv.- kz-[¿-aw- A-\p-
≤-am-Wv-:- hn-sS- A¿-P-p-\-s≥-d- hm-°v- h-f-sc- hn-th-
jv-Tn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm-≠v- a-c-Ww- t\-cn-´m¬-
I-ap-≈- H-cp- ⁄m-\n-bp-tS-Xp- t]m-se-
Nm-Xp¿-h¿-Wyw- a-bm-kr-jv-Sw- Iq-Sn-bpw- \-√-Xp-X-s∂;- ]-c-[¿-a-am-h-s´-
tXm-∂p-∂p-s≠-¶n-epw- tKm-{X- Nn-¥-bm-
Kp-W-I¿-a- hn-`m-K-ix- `b-¶-c-am-bn-´p-≈-Xm-Wv''- (`-K-h-Xv-Ko-X.--
Wv- A-Xn-s≥-d- lr-Z-b-kv-Ym-\-Øn-cn-°p-
I¿-a-tbm-Kw-:- t«m-Iw- 35).-
X-ky-I¿-Øm-c-a-]n- amw- ∂-sX-∂p- "Ip-e-£-b-I-r-Xw- tZm-jw'- F
h¿-W-{I-ao-I-c-W-Øn-s‚- A-Sn-kvYm ∂n-ß-s\- ]-cn-tZ-h-\w- sN-øp-∂-Xn¬- \n-
hn-Zv-[y-I¿-Øm-c-a-hy-bw-
\- e-£y-am-b- [¿-aß - f - p-sS- hn-`P- \- Ø
- n\v- ∂pw- hy-‡-am-Wv.- A-[ym-fl-Øn-\p- h-f-
""Kp-W-hn-`m-K-ß-sf-bpw- I¿-a-hn`mK Xm-Xzn-I-am-b- \o-Xo-I-c-Ww- \¬Ip-I-bm- sc- hn-tcm-[n-bm-b- H-cp- `m-ha - m-Wv- H-cmfn¬-
ß-sf-bpw- A-\p-k-cn-®v- \m-ev- h¿-W-ßƒ- Wv- Ko-X- sN-ø-p-∂-Xv.- A¿Pp-\- hn-jm-Z- a-a-Xm-Zn- A-`n-am-\-Øm¬- cq-V-aq-e-am-bn-
Rm-\m-Wv- kr-jv-Sn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.- Rm-\m- tbm-Kw- 38,- 39- t«m-Ißƒ- Im-Wp-I-:- cn-°p-∂- tKm-{X-Nn-¥''- (`-K-h-Zv-Ko-Xm-kzm-
Wv- A-Xn¬- I¿-Øm-sh-¶n-epw- Rm≥- I¿-
b-Zy-t]y-tX- \- ]-iy-¥n- ≤ym-bw).-
Xr-Xz-an-√m-Ø-h-\pw- A-hy-b-\p-am-sW-∂v-
\o- A-dn-™m-epw''- (`-K-h-Xv-Ko-X,-- Pv-Rm- tem-t`m-]-l-X-tN-X-kx- Ipe-£-tb- {]-W-iy-¥n-
\-I¿-a- k -∂-ym-k-tbm-Kw,- t«m-Iw-:- 13).- Ip-e-£-b-Ir-Xw- tZm-jw- Ip-e-[¿-a-m- -\m-X-\mx-
h¿-W-[¿-aw- Cu-i-z-c-\n-iv-N-b-hpw A an-{X-t{Zm-tl- N- ]m-X-Iw- [¿-ta- \-jv-tS -Ip-ew- Ir¬-kv-\-
ew-L-\o-b-am-b- hy-h-kv-Y-bpw- BsW I-Yw- \- Pv-tR-b-a-kv-am-`n-x- a-[-¿-ta-m- f`n-`-h-Xyp-X-
∂pw- Cu-iz-c≥- G¿-s]-Sp-Øn-b- B- hyh
]m-]m-Z-kv-am-∂n-h¿-Ø-n-Xpw- ""Ip-e-£-b-Øm¬- k-\m-X-\-am-b- Ip-
kv-Y- ]m-en-t°-≠-Xv- a-\p-jy-s‚- [¿-a-am-
Ip-e-£-b-Ir-Xw- tZm-jw- e-[¿-aw- \-in-°p-∂p.- [¿-aw- \-in-°p-
sW-∂pw- B- kz-X-kn-≤- [¿-a-sØ- \ncm-
Pm-Xn,- h¿-W-hy-h-kv-Y- ln-μp-a-X-Øn-s≥-d- `m-Kw- X-s∂-bm-Wv- F-∂Xv- H-cp- h-kv-Xp-X-bm-Wv.- C-¥y-bp-sS-

km-aq-ly-Nc- n-{X-Øn¬- C-h- h-fs- c- B-gØ - n¬- t- h-tcm-´w- t\Sp-Ib- pw- km-aq-ly-LS- \ - b
- p-sS- D-]c- n-Xe
- Ø
- n¬-
C-hb- p-sS- im-tJm-]i- m-JI
- ƒ- hn-im-ea- m-bn- ]-S¿-∂p-]¥- e - n-°p-Ib- pw- sN-bXv- n-cn-°p-∂p.- C-¥y-bn¬- C∂pw-
A-Xv- \n-e-\n¬-°p-I-bpw- sN-øp-∂p.- A-Xn-s≥-d- Xn-Iv-X-^-e-ßƒ- A-\p-`-hn-°p-∂- P-\-tIm-Sn-Iƒ- C-∂p-
ap-≠v.- ssl-μ-h- {K-Ÿ-ßƒ- A-h-sb- i-cn-sh-°p-I-bpw- sN-øp-∂p-≠v.- F-∂n-´p-sa-t¥- kw-Lv-]-cn-hm¿-
]{Xw- an-Yym-[m-c-W- F-∂p- ]-d-™v- A-h-bv-s°-Xn-sc- I-Æ-S-bv-°p-∂p?
2006 sk-]v-‰w-_¿- 10
A¿-Pp-\s- ≥-d- hn-jm-ZI- m-cW- ß - ƒ- H-mt- cm-t∂m-tcm-∂v- ]-cn-tim[n-®v- {io-Ir-jW
v- ≥- {]-Xn-hn-[n-hn-Nm-cw- \SØp-
∂p-s≠-¶n-epw- h¿-Wk - ¶- c- h- pw- X-÷\ - y-am-b- h¿-W[
- ¿-a- hn-\m-ihpw- A¿-Pp-\\- n¬- D-fh- m-°p-∂- Bi¶-
Iƒ-°v- A-dp-Xn-h-cp-Øp-∂-Xm-bn- Im-Wp-∂n-√.- P-\-\hpw- Ip-e-hpw- A-S-n-kv-Ym-\-am-°n-bp-≈ h¿-W-
\n¿Wbw- sX-‰m-sW-∂v- -{io-Ir-jv-W≥ ]-d-bp-∂n-√.- am-{X-a-√- A-Xn-s≥-d- {k-jv-Sm-hv- Xm-\m-sW-∂p- ]-dbpI-
bpw- sN-øp-∂p.-
tºmƒ- Ip-e-sØ- ap-gp-h≥- A-[¿-aw- _m- A¿-Pp- \ - h- n-jm-Zt- bm-Kw- H-∂m-a[ymbw- [¿-a- hn-\m-ih - pw- A¿-Pp-\\ - n¬- D-fh - m-°p-
[n-°p-∂p''- (`-Kh - X- vK
- o-X,- - A¿-Pp-\- hn-jm- 38 ap-X¬- 44 h-sc t«m-I-ß-fn-¬- bp-≤w- ∂- B-i-¶-Iƒ-°v- A-dp-Xn-h-cp-Øp-∂-Xm-
Z-tbm-Kw-.-- 40˛mw- t«m-Iw)-.- Ip-e\ - m-iØ - n-epw- h¿-Wk - ¶ - c- Ø - n-epw- ]- bn- Im-Wp-∂n-√.- P-\-\hpw- Ip-e-hpw- ASn-
A-[¿-am-`n-`-h-m¬- I-r-jv-W-!- cy-h-km-\n-°p-sa-∂m-Wv- A¿-P-p-\≥- D-¬- kv-Ym-\-am-°n-bp-≈ h¿-W-\n¿-W-bw- sX-
°-WT v- s∏-Sp-∂X - v.- c-Wh - o-c∑ - m-cp-sS- A-Im- ‰m-sW-∂v- -{io-Ir-jv-W≥ ]-d-bp-∂n-√.- am-
{]-Zyp-jy-¥n- Ip-e-kv-{Xo-bx-
e-N-c-aw-aq-ew A-\m-Y-I-fm-Ip-∂- kv-{Xo-P- {X-a-√- A-Xn-s≥-d- {k-jv-Sm-hv- Xm-\m-sW-
kv-{Xo-kp- Zp-jv-Sm-kp- hm¿-jv-tW-b-!- \-ßƒ-°v- [¿-ah - y-hk - vY - ap-dp-sI-∏n-Sn-°p- ∂p- ]-db - p-Ib - pw- sN-øp-∂p.- ap≥-Km-an-Iƒ-
Pm-b-tX- h¿-W-i-¶-c-x- I- A-km-[y-am-bn-cn-°p-sa-∂pw- h¿-W-hy- ]-≠p-]-t≠- sN-bv-X-t]m-se- (]q¿-ssh-x-
""A-[¿-aw- B-{I-an-®m¬- Ip-ekv-{Xo- h-kv-Y-°v- hn-]-co-X-am-b- _-‘-ß-fn-te¿- ]q¿h--Xc - w- Ir-Xw- (3:- 15)- hn-[n-°s - ∏-´- I¿-
Iƒ- Zp¿-hr-Ø-I-fm-Ipw.- kv-{Xo-Iƒ- Zp-jn- s∏-Sm≥- ]-cn-X-kv-Yn-Xn-I-fp-sS- k-Ω¿-Zw- aw- (\n-bX - w- Ip-cp- I¿-aX - zw- 3:-8)- sN-øm\m-
®m¬- Pm-Xn-°-e¿-∏p-≠m-Ipw''- (A¿-Pp-\- aq-ew- \n¿-_-‘n-X-cm-bn-Øo-cp-∂- A-h¿- Wv- A¿-Pp-\-s\- D-]-tZ-in-°p-∂-Xv.- [¿-a-
hn-jm-Z-tbm-Kw-,- t«m-Iw-:- 41)-.- h¿-W-k-¶-c-Øn-\n-S-h-cp-Øp-sa-∂p-am-Wv- bp-≤s - Ø-°mƒ- t{i-bk - I v- c - a
- m-b- a-s‰mcp-
A¿-Pp- \-s≥-d-- hy-k\ - w. k-¶c - P- m-Xn- - D-≠m- I¿-aw- £-{Xn-b-\n-√- ([¿-aym-≤n- bp-≤m-
k-¶-tcm- \-c-Im-ssb-h-
Ip-tºmƒ- Pm-Xn-[¿-aß - ƒ- hn-kva - c- n-°s - ∏- t{O-tbm- f \y-Xv- -£-{Xn-b-ky \- hn-Zy
Ip-e-Lv-\m-\mw- Ip-e-ky -N- Sp-I-bpw- Nm-Xp¿h¿-Wy- km-aq-ln-I- hyh- tX- 2:-31).- P-\-\m¬- £-{Xn-b-\m-b- A¿Pp-
]-X-¥n- ]n-X-tcm- tly-jmw- kv-Y- \n-ew-]-cn-im-Ip-I-bpw- sN-øp-a-t√m-!- \-s≥-d- kz-[¿-aw- bp-≤-am-sW-∂v- Iq-sS-
ep-]v-X-]n-Wv-tUm-Z-I-{In-bmx- Ip-cp-t£-{X-bp-≤w- \S-∂- Zzm-]-c-bpK- °q-sS- Hm¿-an-∏n-°p-∂-p-ap-≠v.- P-\-\m-epw-
""Ip-ew- \-in-∏n-°p-∂-h¿-°pw- Ipe Øn¬- t]m-epw- A-hX - m-c] - p-cp-j\ - m-b- {io- Ip-e-[¿-a-Øm-epw- hn-[n-°-s∏-´- £-{Xn-b-
Øn-\pw- Pm-Xn-°-e¿-∏v- A-I-tl-Xp-hm-bn- Ir-jv-W-s≥-d- km-∂n-[y-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-´p- I¿-aw- \n¿-`-bw- A-\p-jv-Tn-°ph-m-\p-≈-
Øo-cpw.- C-h-cp-sS- ]n-Xr-°ƒ- ]n-Wv-U-{In- Iq-Sn-,- h¿-Ww- P-\\ - Ø- n-s≥-d- A-Sn-kvY - m\- \n¿-_-‘-]q¿-h-am-b- t{]-c-W-bm-Wv- {io-
b-bpw- DZ-I-{In-b-bp-an-√m-sX- \-c-I-Øn¬- Øn¬- am-{Xw- \n¿-Wb - n-°s - ∏-Sp-Ib - m-bncp- Ir-jv-W≥- A¿-Pp-\-\v- \¬-Ip-∂-Xv.- h¿-
ho-gp-∂p''- (A¿-Pp-\- hn-jm-Z-tbm-Kw-,- t«m- s∂-∂pw- hy-‡n-Kp-W-ß-f-√- h¿-W-\n¿- W-[¿-a- \o-Xn-im-kv-{X-am-Wv- "`-K-hm-s≥d'-
Iw- 42).-- W-bw- \-S-Øn-bn-cp-∂-sX-∂pw- A¿-Pp-\- h-m-°p-I-fn-eq-sS- ]p-d-Øp-h-cp-∂-sX-∂p-
hn-jm-Zw- hy-‡-am-°p-∂p.- hy-‡n-I-fp-sS- hy-‡w.- C-Xp- Iq-Sn- ]-db - p-tºmƒ- kw-ib-
""tZm-ssj-tc-ssXx- Ip-e-Lv-\m-\mw- sa-√mw- \o-ßp-∂p-:-
kz-`m-h-a-ln-a-bpw- {]-hr-Øn-hm-k-\-bp-am-
h¿-W-k-¶-c-Im-c-ssI-x- bn-cp-∂p- h¿-W-\n¿-W-b-Øn-\-Sn-kv-Ym-\- ""k-l-Pw- I¿-a- Iu-t¥-b-!- k-tZm-j-
D-Xv-kmZy-t¥- Pm-Xn-[¿-am-x-- am-bn-cp-∂-sX-¶n¬- h¿-W-k-¶-cw- H-cp- a a-]n- \- Xy-tP-Xv''- (A¿-Pp-\m-!- P-∑\ - m- D≈-
Ip-e-[¿-am-iv-N- im-i-z-Xm-x-''- lm-hn-]-Øm-bn- A¿-Pp-\≥- I-cp-Xp-am-bn- I¿-Ø-hy-I¿-aw- (kz-[¿aw)- tZm-j-ap-≈-
""Pm-Xn-°-e¿-∏p-≠m-°p-∂- Ip-e-Lv\ cp-∂n-√.- k-¶c - h- ¿-WØ - n¬- ]n-d∂ - h - c- p-sS- Xm-sW-¶n-epw- D-t]-£n-°c - p-Xv˛- 18:-48).- hn-
∑-m-cp-sS- Cu- ]m-]-ß-fm¬- im-iz-X-am-b- hm-k-\m-Kp-W-ßƒ- t\m-°n- N-Xp¿-h¿-W- hn-[- h¿-W-ßƒ-°p-≈- I¿-Ø-hy-I¿a
Pm-Xn-[¿-aß - f - pw- Ip-e[ - ¿-aß - f- pw- \-in-®p- ß-fn¬- A-\p-tbm-Py-am-b-h-bn¬- tN¿- ßƒ- 18mw- A-[ym-bam-b- tam-£-k-∂ym-
t]m-Ip-∂p''- (A¿-Pp-\- hn-jm-Z-tbm-Kw-,- Øm¬- a-Xn-bt- √m!- Kp-WI - ¿-aß - f - p-sS- A- k-tbm-Kw-- 42 ap-X¬- 44 h-sc-bp-≈- t«m-
t«m-Iw- 43)-.- Sn-kv-Ym-\-Øn¬- h¿-W-hn-`-P-\w- H-cn-° I-ßƒ- hn-h-cn-°p-∂p-≠v:-
epw- \-S-∂n-ń-s√-∂p- th-Ww- a-dn-®p-≈- {]- i-tam- Z-a-kv-X-]x- iu-Nw-
D-’-∂-Ip-e-[¿-am-W-mw-
am-W-ß-fp-sS- A-`m-h-Øn¬- A-\p-am-\n-
a-\p-jym-Wmw- P-\m¿-Z-\-!- £m-¥n-cm¿-P-h-ta-h- N-
°m≥.- kv{- Xo-Iƒ,- ssh-iy¿,- iq-{Z¿- F∂n-
\-c-tI- \n-b-Xw- hm-tkm- h¿- ]m-]-tbm-\n-I-fm-sW-∂p-- -"`- --- K-hm≥'X ⁄m-\w- hn-⁄m-\-am-kv-Xn-Iyw-
`-h-Xo-Xy-\p-i-p-{ip-a- s
- ∂- ]-db - p-∂p-≠t- √m-!- (`-Kh - Z- vK - o-X- 9:- 32).- {_-“-I¿-a- kz-`m-h-Pw-
""A-√-tbm- Ir-j-vWm-!- Ip-e-[¿-a-ßƒ- A¿-Pp-\s - ≥-d- hn-jm-ZI - m-cW - ß - ƒ- Hm- ""i-aw- (im-¥n),- Z-aw- (C-{μn-b-\n-{K-
\-in-®- a-\p-jy¿-°v- F-t∏m-gpw- \-c-IØn tcm-t∂m-tcm-∂v- ]-cn-tim[n-®v- {io-Ir-jvW lw),- X-]x- (G-Im{K-X-- ˛ X-]- v),- iuNw-
¬-Xs - ∂-bm-Wp- ]m¿-s∏-∂v- R-ßƒ- tIń- ≥- {]-Xn-hn-[n-hn-Nm-cw- \-S-Øp-∂p-s≠-¶n- (-tZ-l-Øn-s≥-d-bpw- a-\- n-s≥-d-bpw- ip-
´p-≠'v '- (A¿-Pp-\- hn-jm-Zt- bm-Kw-,- t«m-Iw 44).- epw- h¿-Wk - ¶ - c - h- pw- X-÷\ - y-am-b- h¿W- ≤n)-,- B¿-Ph - w- (I-fh
- pw- h-fh - p-an-√m-bvI - ),-
2006 sk-]v-‰w-_¿- 11
hn-⁄m-\w- (B-[ym-fln-I- Cu-iz-c-hn-j- F-∂pw- ]-d-bp-∂p-!- Ko-X- Cu- X-cw-Xn-cn-hv- A-h-∂-v Zn-hy-Xz-ap-≠-v.- Xm-W- h¿-W-°m¿-
b-Ia - m-b- ⁄m-\w),- hn-⁄m-\w- (ù-XnI- Aw-Ko-I-cn-°p-I-bpw- sN-øp-∂-p.- "Im-e-tZ- °v- tbm-Pn-®- {]-hr-Øn-I-fn¬- G-¿-s]-´m-
˛ eu-In-Ih - n-jb- I- a- m-b- A-dn-h)v- , B-kvXn- i-t`-Z-an-√m-sX- am-\-h-[¿-a-sØ- Dƒ-s°m- epw {_m-“-W≥ {_m-“-W≥- X-s∂.- G-
Iyw- (Cu-iz-c-hnizm-kw)- F-∂n-h- kzm`m- ≈p-∂-Xv'-- F-∂v- ]-d-b-s∏-Sp-∂- a-\p-kv-ar- ‰-hpw- D-b¿-∂- h¿-WØ - n¬- P-\n-®X - p-sIm-
hn-I-am-b- {_m-“-W- I¿-a-am-I-p-∂p''- (-18:- Xn-bn-se- H-∂mw- A-[ym-bw- 87 ap-X¬- 91 -≠v- A-h≥- ssZ-h-sØ- t]m-se-bm-Wv.- A-
42).- h-sc-bp-≈- hm-Iy-ßƒ- Im-Wp-I-:- h-s≥-d- D-]-tZ-i-ßƒ- A-ew-L-\o-b-am-b-
iu-cyw- tX-tPm- [r-Xn¿-Zm-£yw- ""Cu- tem-I-sØ- kw-c-£n-°p-∂-Xn- I¬-]-\-I-fm-Wv.- A-h-s\- F-√m-h-cpw-
∂m-bn- A-Xyp-Pz-e- Im-¥n-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b- A- A\p-k-cn-°-Ww''- (a-\p-kv-ar-Xn- 9:- 317).-
bp-t≤- Nm-]y-]-em-b-\w-
h≥- hn-cm-Sv- ]p-cp-j-s≥-d- ssI-Iƒ,- Xp-S- h¿-Ww- t\m-°n-bm-Wv- Ip-‰-ß-fp-sS-
Zm-\-ao-iz-c-`m-h-iv-N-
Iƒ,- ]m-Zß - ƒ- F-∂n-hb - n¬-\n-∂pw- D-≠m- Im-Tn-\yw- \n¿-W-bn-t°-≠-Xv- F-∂-m-Wv-
£m-{Xw- I¿-a- kz-`m-h-Pw- bn-h-∂-h¿-°v- {]-tXy-Iw- [¿-a-ßƒ- \niv- a-\p-kva-r-Xn- ]-d-bp-∂-Xv.- {_m-“-W≥- iq-
""iu-cyw,- tX-P- v,- ss[-cyw,- kma¿ N-bn-®p-sIm-Sp-Øp.- {_m-“-W¿-°v- th-Z {Z-s\- B-t£-]n-®m¬- ]-{¥-≠p- ]-Ww-
Yyw,- bp-≤-Øn¬- ]n-¥n-cn-t™m-Sm-Xncn ßƒ- ]-Tn-°p-hm-\pw- ]-Tn-∏n-°p-hm-\p-ap-≈- ]n-g- A-S-®m¬- a-Xn.- iq-{Z≥- {_m-“-Ws\-
°p-I,- Zm-\w,- {]-`p-Xzw- F-∂n-h- kzm-`mhn- A-h-Im-iw- A-h¿-- \n¿-W-bn-®p.- a-‰p-≈- A-]-am-\n-®m-tem?- iq-{Z-s≥-d- \m-hv- ap-dn-
I-am-b- £-{Xn-bI - ¿-aß - f - m-Ip-∂p''- (-18:-43).- h-cp-sS- \-∑b - v°
- p-th-≠n- b-⁄ß - ƒ- sN- ®p-I-f-b-Ww!-- h¿W-L-S-\-bnse G‰hpw
Ir-jn-Ku-c-£y-hm-Wn-Py-w- øp-hm-\pw- Zm-\-ßƒ- kzo-I-cn-°p-hm-\pw- Xmgv∂ ]Sn-bn¬ \n¬°p∂ iq{Z≥am-
A-h-sc- \n-tbm-Kn-®p''- (88).- sc-t∏mepw a\p-jy-cm-bn-°m-Wm≥ Ign-
ssh-iy-I¿-a- kz-`-m-h-Pw-
""P-\-kw-c-£-W-am-Wv- £-{Xn-b-s≥-d- bm-Ø-hn-[-Øn¬ {]Xn-tem-a-I- kz-`mhw
]-cn-N-cym-fl-Iw- I¿-a- ]pe¿Øp∂Xm-Wv- a-\p-hn-s≥-d- \o-Xn-im-
[¿-aw.- b-⁄-ßƒ- \-S-Øp-I,- th-Zw- ]Tn-
iq-{Z-kym-]n- kz-`m-h-Pw- °p-I,- C-{μn-be - m-f\
- Ø
- n¬-\n-∂v- H-gn-™n- kv-{Xw- F-∂p- hy-‡w.- Cu- \o-Xn-im-kv-
""Ir-jn,- ]-ip-c-£,- I-®-h-Sw- F-∂n-h- cn-°p-I.- C-sXm-s°-bm-Wv- £-{Xn-b-\v- \n- {X-a-\p-k-cn-®-t√- {_m-“-W-ta-[m-hn-Xzw-
ssh-iy-s≥-d- kz-m` - m-hn-II - ¿-aß- f - m-Wv.- ]- iv-N-bn-®n-´p-≈-Xv''- (89).- A-Xn-\o-N-am-b- co-Xn-bn¬- A-[x-kv-Yn-X-
c-ip-{iq-j- iq-{Z-s≥-d- kz-`m-h-kn-≤-am-b- sc- A-Sn-®a - ¿-Øn-bX - v?- tUm.- sh≈m-b\n-
""I-∂p-Im-en-I-sf- h-f¿-Øp-I,- Zm-\w-
I¿-a-am-Ip-∂p''- (-18:-44).- A¿-Pp-\≥- F-gp-Xp-∂p-:-
sN-øpI,- th-Zw- ]-Tn-°p-I,- I-®-h-Sw- \-S-
X-] - v- t]m-ep-≈- Cu-iz-cm-cm-[\ - I
- ƒ- Øp-I,- ]-Ww- I-Sw-sIm-Sp-°p-I,- Ir-jn-sN- ""...-ka
- q-lØ - n¬,- k-h¿-Ws - c-∂pw- A-
{_m-“-Ws≥-d- Ip-ØI-bm-sW-∂-pw Xm- øp-I- ap-X-em-b-h-bv-°m-bn- ssh-iy-sc- \n- h¿-W-sc-∂p-ap-≈- hn-`m-Ko-b-Nn-¥- c-≠p-
W- h¿-W-°m¿-°v- A-Xn-\p-≈- A-h-Imi- tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂p-''- (90).- Iq-´-cpw- H-cn-°epw- Iq-ń-ap-´m-\m-Im-Ø- X-
ßƒ- C-s√-∂pw- hy-‡w.- A-Xp-sIm-≠m- c-Øn¬- k-am-¥c - t- c-JI - ƒ- t]m-se- A\p-
""Cu-iz-c≥- iq-{Z-\p- hn-[n-®n-cn-°p-∂-
-W-s√m- Im-ń¬- t]m-bn- X-]- p- sN-bv-X- Zn-\w- h-f¿-∂p-sI-m≠ - n-cp-∂p.- ]-e- hn-[Øn-
Xv- a-‰p- aq-∂p- h¿-W-Øn¬- ]-d-™n-cn-°p-
Xn-s≥-d- t]-cn¬- iw-_q-I≥- F-∂- iq-{Z- ep-≈- Nq-j-W-ßƒ-°pw- a¿-Z-\-ßƒ-°pw-
∂-h-sc-bpw- A-\p-k-c-W-tØm-s-S- ]-cn-N-
k-∂ym-kn-bp-sS- X-e- km-£m¬- {io-cma -A-[x-kv-Yn-X- k-ap-Zm-b-ßƒ- F-∂pw- C-c-
cn-°p-∂-Xv- am-{X-am-Wv''-(91).-
≥- sIm-bv-sX-Sp-ØX-v-!- bm-bn-s°m-≠-n-cp-∂p.- B-c-y-∑m-cp-sS- tIc-
""{_m-“W - ≥- Zp¿-am¿-Kn-bm-sW-¶n-epw- fo-b- cq-]m-¥c - a- m-b- \-ºq-Xn-cn-am¿- kaql-
a-\p-kv-ar-Xn-bpw- Pm-Xn-˛ h¿-W- hy-h- ]q-Py-\m-Wv.- iq-{Z-\m-I-s´-,- Pn-tX-{μn-b-\m- Øn-s≥-d- A-[n-]-Xn-I-fm-bn- am-dnbt-Xm-Sp-
kv-Yn-Xn-bpw- - bm¬- t]m-epw- ]q-Py-\m-hp-I-bn-√''- (]-cm- Iq-Sn-,- A-{_m-“W - c - m-b- \m-´p-Im-cn¬- ]e-
ssl-μ-h¿- A-tß-b-‰w- B-Z-cn-°p-∂- i-c-kv-ar-Xn- 8:-33).- ssh-b-‡n-I-am-b- kz- hn-[Ø - n-ep-≈- B-[n-]X - y-ßƒ- A-c° - n´p-
E-tKz-ZØn-se- ] - Ø
- mw- a-fie - Ø
- n-se- ]p- `m-h-Kp-W-ßƒ- t\m-t°-≠-Xn-√;- F-‰-hpw- d-∏n-°p-hm≥- {i-an-®p.- a-X-Øn-s≥-d- t]-
cp-j-kq-‡-Øn¬- hn-cm-Sv-]p-cp-j-s≥-d- ap- D-b¿-∂- h¿-W-Øn¬- P-\n-®p- F-∂-Xp- cn¬- {_m-“-W ]p-tcm-ln-X-∑m¿- A-[ym-
J-Øp-\n-∂v- {_m-“-W-\p-≠m-bn- F-∂pw- sIm-≠m-Wv- {_m-“-W≥- t{i-jv-T-\m-Ip- fln-I- am¿-KZ- ¿-in-If - m-bn- am-dn.- t£-{Xß-
_m-lp-°-fn-¬-\n-∂v- £-{Xn-b-\p-≠m-bn- ∂-Xv- F-∂m-Wn-Xv- hy-‡a - m-°p-∂X- v.- a\p- fpw- B-cm-[-\-bpw- a-‰p- Cu-iz-co-b- ]-cn]m-
F-∂pw- X-pS- b
- n- ¬-\n- ∂
- v- si-hi
- y-\p-≠m-bn- ]-d-b-s´-:- Sn-I-fpw- \n-b-{¥n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-≈- A-[n-Im-
F-∂pw- ]m-Z-Øn¬-\n-∂v- iq-{Z-\p-≠m-bn- ""th-Z-ßƒ- ]-Tn-®m-epw- C-s√-¶-n-epw- cw- Cu- {_m-“-W ]p-tcm-ln-X-∑m-cp-sS-
h¿-Ww- t\m-°n-bm-Wv- Ip-‰ß - f- p-sS- Im-Tn-\yw- \n¿-Wb - n-t°-≠X - v- F-∂m- W- v- a-\p-kvar- X

- n- ]-db
- p-∂X
- v.- {_m“-
W≥- iq-{Z-s\- B-t£-]n-®m¬- ]-{¥-≠p- ]-Ww- ]n-g- A-S-®m¬- a-Xn.- iq-{Z≥- {_m-“-Ws\- A-]-am-\n-®m-
tem?- iq-{Z-s≥-d- \m-hv- ap-dn-®p-If- b
- W
- w!- h¿W-LS- \ - b- nse G‰hpw Xmgv∂ ]Sn-bn¬ \n¬°p∂ iq{Z≥am
sc-t∏mepw a\p-jy-cm-bn-°m-Wm≥ Ign-bm-Øh - n-[Ø
- n¬ {]Xn-tem-aI - - kz-`mhw ]pe¿Øp∂Xm-Wv- a\phn-
s≥-d- \o-Xn-im-kv{- Xw- F-∂p- hy-‡w.- Cu- \o-Xn-im-kv{- X-a\ - p-kc- n-®t- √- {_m-“W - t- a-[m-hn-Xzw- A-Xn-\o-Namb-
co-Xn-bn¬- A-[x-kv-Yn-X-sc- A-Sn-®-a¿-Øn-b-Xv?-
2006 sk-]v-‰w-_¿- 12
F-ßs- \-bm-Wv- A-h¿-W≥- ln-μp-hm-bn-Øo-cp-I?- lnμp-hns\ \n¿h-Nn-°p∂ {]am-Wß
- f- p-sStbm lnμp-
Xz-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm\ tcJ-I-fp-sStbm ]n≥_e-an-√mØ Cu ho£Ww {]N-cn-∏n-°p-hm≥ B[p-\nI
C¥ybn¬ cmjv{Sob kzbw-tk-hI kwLw t]mse-bp≈ {]ÿm-\-ßƒ ap∂n-ń-d-ßn-b-Xn\p ]n∂n¬
cmjv{Sob e£y-am-Wp-≈-Xv-;- lnμp-Xz-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ icn-bmb kmwkvIm-cnI ho£-W-ß-f-√.
Ip-Ø-I-bm-bn-Øo¿-∂p.- tI-c-f-Øn¬- P- 12˛mw- Xo-b-Xn- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿- a-lm-cm- W-am-b- hn-th-N\ - Ø

- n-s≥-d- ^-ea - m-bn- Rm-
∑n-k-{º-Zm-bw- {]-_-e-am-bn- h-f-cp-hm-\pw- Pm-hv- {io- Nn-Øn-c-Xn-cp-\mƒ- _m-e-cm-a \pw-- \n-e-Ø-n-cp-∂p ]Tn-°m-\n-S-h-∂p.- R-
A-P-ø-am-b- h¿-W-ta-[m-hn-Xzw- a-‰p- k-aq- h¿-a- t£-{X-{]-h-th-i-\-hn-fw-_-cw- ]p-d- ß-sf- Iq-Sp-X-em-bn- \-n-tb-m-Kn-®n-cp-∂-Xv-
l-ß-sf- ap-gp-h≥- A-Sn-®-a¿-Ø-°- hn-[w- s∏-Sp-hn-®-tXm-Sp-Iq-Sn- F-√m- A-[x-kv-YnX- ¢m-kv- dqw- hr-Øn-bm-°m-\pw- a-‰p-am-bn-cp-
]p-jv-Sn-{]m-]n-°p-hm-\pw- Cu- B-[n-]-Xy- k-ap-Zm-b-°m¿-°pw- \n-b-a-]-c-am-bn- B-cm- ∂p.- A-Ø-cw- tPm-en-Iƒ- R-ß-fp-sS- Np-
km-l-N-cyw- h-gn-sX-fn-®p.- t£-{X-ß-fpw- [\-mk - zm-X{- ¥yw- e-`n-®p- .- F-¶n-epw- tIcf- a-X-e-bm-sW-∂- co-Xn-bn-em-bn-cp-∂p- a-‰p-
]q-Pm-hn-[n-If - pw- B-cm-[\ - m-{I-aß - f - pw- a‰p- k-aq-l-Øn¬-\n-∂pw- Pm-Xn-c-£- n-s‚-- Ip-ń-I-fpw- I-≠n-cp-∂-Xv.-
X-{¥-a-{¥-]-c-am-b- ssZ-hn-I- I¿-a-ß-fpw- sIm-Spw-Xm-fih - w- ]q-¿W - a - m-bpw- am-dn-t∏m- ho-ń-\-Sp-Øv- H-cp- in-h-t£-{X-ap-≠m-
]p-tcm-ln-Xh - ¿-KØ - n-s‚- Ip-ØI - b - m-bn- am- Im-sX- H-cp- H-gn- b - m-_m-[b - m-bn-Øs - ∂- \n bn-cp-∂p.- A-hn-S-sØ- ]q-Pm-c-n- \-S-∂-p-h-
dn.- ]ut-cm-ln-Xyw- k-h¿-Wm-h¿-W-Pm-Xn- e-\n-∂n-cp-∂p.- a-\p-jy≥- a-\j - y-s\- PmXn- cp-tºmƒ- "tlm-bv'- F-∂p- hn-fn-®p-sIm-≠v-
I-sf- ap-gp-h≥- aq-°n¬-I-b-dn-´p- \n-b-{¥n- bp-sS- t]-cn¬- B-ń-tbm-Sn-°p-I-bpw- Ah- B-sc-¶n-epw- ap-∂n-ep-≠m-Ipw.- h-gn-am-dn-
°p-∂- a-lm-i-Iv-Xn-bp-sS- kn-cm-tI-{μ-am- s\- lo-\-\m-bn-°-cp-Xn- k-aq-l-Øn¬-\n- s°m-Sp-Øn-s√-¶n¬ A-Sn-bpw- ò-jW - n-bpw-
bn- am-dn.- Cu- km-lN - c - y-Øn¬- C-¥y- b - n¬- ∂pw- Xn-c-kv-I-cn-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp-sIm D-d-∏m-bn-cp-∂p-......-
a-s‰m-cn-S-Øpw- C-√m-Ø- co-Xn-bn¬- h-f-sc- ≠n-cp-∂- k-¥] - vX - a- m-b- Im-eb - f- h- n¬-,- k-
k-¶o-¿-W-am-bn-Øo¿-∂p- tI-c-f-Øn-se- \m-ń¬- F-\n-°v- A-h-K-W-\-bp-sS- ]-
©m-c-kzm-X-{¥y-tam,- hn-Zym-`ym-k-kzm-X- c-ºc - - am-{X-sa- Po-hn-XØ- n-ep-≠m-bn-´p-≈q.-
Pm-Xn-hy-h-kv-Y.- ò-I-c-hpw- Zp¿-∂n-hm-c-hp- {¥y-tam,- B-cm-[-\m-kzm-X-{¥y-tam-,- km-
am-b- k-m-aq-ln-Im-k-a-Xz-Øn-\v- Cu- Zp-x-kv- t^m¿-Øv- t-^mw- hn-P-bn-®p-I-gn-™-t∏m-
aq-ln-I-kzm-X-{¥y-tam-,- kv-{Xo-Iƒ-°v- a-m- gm-Wv- C-\n-bpw- C-h-s\- ]-Tn-∏n-t°-≠- F-
Yn-Xn- h-gn-sbm-cp-°n.- A-h¿-W¿- F-∂- hn- dp-a-d-bv°m-\p-≈-kzm-X-{¥y-tam,- \-√-h-kv-
`m-K-Øn¬- s]-Sp-∂- P-\-ßƒ°v- k¿-h- ∂- Nn¥- Nn-e- P-∑n-am-cp-sS- a-\- n¬- apf-
{Xw- [-cn-°m-\p-≈- kzm-X-{¥y-tam \¬- ®-Xv.- \-√- co-Xn-bn¬- ]-Tn-®n-c-p-∂- "]-d-b¿-
hn-[- Po-hn-X- ku-Ic - y-ßf - p-w-- \n-cm-Ic - n®p.- Im-sX,- k-h¿-W- k-ap-Zm-b° - m¿- F-∂- t]-
s]m-Xp-\n-cØ - p-If - n¬- k-©c - n-°p-hm-t\m,- k-ap-Zm-b'-Øn-se- H-cp- Ip-ń-bp-sS- Xp-S¿-
cn¬- Ip-sd- ta¬-Pm-Xn-°m-cpw- A-h-sc- h- hn-Zym-`ym-kw- X-ß-fp-sS- Xm¬-]-cy-ßƒ-
\-√- ho-Sp-≠m-°n- Xm-a-kn-°p-hm-t\m,- \- cp-Xn-°p- \n-dp-Øp-∂- ]p-tcm-ln-Xh - ¿-Kh - pw-
∂m-bn- h-kv{- Xw- [-cn-°p-hm-t\m-,- kz¿-Ww,- °v- X-S- -am-Ip-sa-∂- kw-i-bw- A-h¿-°p-
H-Øp-tN¿-∂p-sI - m-≠v- tI-cf - s- Ø- "{`m-¥m- ≠m-bn-cp-∂p....-
sh-≈n- Xp-Sß - n-b- tem-lß - f - n-ep-≈- B`- e'--b-am-°n- am-‰n-b- L-´-Øn-em-Wv- {io-\m-
c-Wß - ƒ- [-cn-°p-hm-t\m,- N-¥a - p-≈- ]¥- k¿-°m¿- Po-h-\-°m-c-\m-bn- I-gn-bp-
cm-bW - K - p-cp- tam-N\ - Ø - n-s≥-d- k-tμ-iß - -
en¬-h-®p- hn-hm-lw- \-S-Øp-hm-t\m,- _ ∂- th-f-bn-em-Wv- N-cn-{X- c-N-\-bn-te-°v-
fp-am-bn- A-‘-Im-cm-hr-X-am-b- tI-c-f-Øn
‘p-P-\-ßƒ-°p- k-Zy-sIm-Sp-°p-hm-t\m,- Xn-cn-bm-\n-S-h-∂-Xv.- B- bm-{Xbv-°n-S-bn-
¬- a-\p-jy-kzm-X-{¥y-Øn-s≥-d- kq-cy-tX-
t£-{X-ßf - n-se-∂√ - ,- t£-{X-]c - n-kc - Ø - p- em-Wv- "a-\p-kv-ar-Xn'-bn¬- P-\X - s- b- c-≠m-
P- m-bn D-Zn-®p-b¿-∂X - v'- '- (hn-⁄m-\s - sI-
t]m-epw- {]-th-in-°p-hm-t\m- kzm-X-{¥y- bn- Xn-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv- \m-ep- h¿-W-ß-fn-
c-fn (tI-c-f- `m-jm- C≥-kv-‰n-‰yq-ń-s≥-d- ap-
an-√m-sX,- ta-em-f∑ - m- c - n¬-\n-∂pw- h-fs - c- h- em-bn-cp-∂p- F-∂p- Im-Wm≥- I-gn-™-
J-]-{Xw)-,- - t]-Pv.- 15,-16,- Pq-sse- 2006--).
f-sc- Zq-s-c- A-I-∂p-\-n¬-°p-hm-\m-⁄m- Xv......''- (a-e-bm-fw- hm-cn-I,- 2006 B-K-kv-‰v-
]n-°p-∂- ò-Ic - a
- m-b- A-bn-Øh - y- h - k- vY - I- {]-ap-J- Z-en-Xv- N-cn-{X-Im-c-\m-b- Sn.-F- 25,- t]-Pv- 52).- --
fpw- Io-gm-f¿-s°-Xn-cm-bn- ta-em-f¿- I¬∏n- ®v.-]n.- sN-¥m-c-t»-cn- F-gp-Xp-∂p-:- ""Rm≥-
{_m-“-W-ta-[m-hn-I-fp-sS- ]-cm-ar-jv-
®p-≠m-°n- km-aq-ln-I- \n-b-a-am-bn.- C-ß- ss{]-ad - n- kvI- q-fn¬- ]-Tn-®n-cp-∂- Im-eØ - v,-
S- {]-h¿-Ø-\-ßƒ-°v- ssl-μ-h- {]-am-W-
sh- hy--h-kv-Y sN-bv-X- Xo-≠m-∏m-S-I-se- sl-Uv-am-kv-‰¿- tI-i-h≥- \m-b¿- Pm-Xn-
ßfp-sS- bm-sXm-cp- ]n≥-_e - h- p-an-√- F∂v-
am-dn- \n¬-°m-sX A - b - n-Ø\ - n-ba - w- ew-Ln- Nn-¥-Iƒ- h-®p-]p-e¿-Øp-∂- B-fm-bn-cp-
B¿-°p- ]-d-bm-\m-hpw?- -Cu- bm-Ym¿-Yy-
°p-∂- A-h¿-Ws - c,- A-[x-kY v- n-Xs - c- AXn- ∂p.- Im-gvN - b
- n¬- I-dp-Ø- Ip-ń- I - t- fm-Sv- h¿-
ß-sf- I-≠n-s√-∂p- \-Sn-°p-∂-h¿- k-Xy-
{Iq-c-am-bn- a¿-Zn-°p-I-tbm- sIm-√p-I-tbm- W-sh-dn-b≥- Nn-¥-Iƒ- A-t±-lw- {]-I-S- Øn¬- X-ß-fp-sS- [¿-a-kw-ln-X-I-sf- \n
sN-øp-hm-\p-≈- A-[n-Im-cw- t]m-epw- ta¬- am-°n-bn-cp-∂p.- B- Ip-ń-I-sf- F-ß-s\- cm-Ic - n-°p-Ib - t- √- sN-øp-∂X - v?- tUm.- Pb-
Pm-Xn-°m¿-°p- A-∂p- e-`n-®n-cn-cp-∂p.- GI- ssI-Im-cyw- sN-ø-Ww- F-∂- hn-j-b-Øn- {]-Im-iv- F-gp-Xp-∂-Xv- Im-Wp-I-:- "".....-PmXn-
tZ-iw- 19˛mw- \q-‰m-≠n-s≥-d- B-cw-`w-h-sc- em-bn-cp-∂p- {]-bm-kw.- A-h¿- \n-e-Øn-cp- h-ntZz-j-hpw- sh-dp-∏pw- am-d-Ww.- Im-c-Ww-
Cu- c-m-£-ko-b-kv-Yn-Xn- I-Sp-In-S- sX-‰m- ∂p- ]-Tn-®m¬- a-Xn-sb-∂- Nn-¥m-K-Xn-°m- Pm-Xn-bv-°v- im-kv-{Xo-b-am-tbm,- a-X-]-c-am-
sX- Xp-S¿-∂p-sI - m-≠n-cp-∂p. 1936 \-hw-_¿- c-\m-bn- c- p-∂p- A-t±-lw.- A-Xn-s≥-d- Xo-£v- tbm,- hw-io-ba - m-tbm- D-≈- A-Sn-Ød - b
- n√.-
2006 sk-]v-‰w-_¿- 13
ln-μp-hn-s≥d-- A-kw-L-Sn-Xm-h-kv-Y-bn¬- S-\-Itfm A√ Hc¿YØn¬ DØ-c-hm-Zn- \-ßƒ F√m-h¿°pw {_mlvaWylnμp
\n-∂pw,- hy-‡-am-b- cm-jv-{So-b- t\-Xr-Xz- Iƒ;- adn®v sslμh {]am-Wß - ƒ Xs∂- Xzw hnX-cWw sNøp∂ GP≥knI-fm
Øn-s≥-d- A-`m-hw-sIm-≠pw- D-≠m-b- kmbm-Wv. {_mlvaWyw I¿a-Øm¬ t\Sm- bn h¿Øn-°p-tºmƒ Xs∂-bpw, aX-]cn
aq-ln-I- hy-h-kv-Yn-Xn-bp-sS- ]-cn-Wm-a-am- hp-∂-XmWv F∂pw, P≥a-a√ I¿a-amWv jvIc-W-hm-Z-Øn-s‚bpw Bcy-\n-k-Øn-
Wv- Pm-Xn.- C-Xn-\v- [¿-a-im-kv-{X-ß-fp-sS- {_mlvaWy-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-sa-∂p- s‚bpw CS-bn¬ ka-\zb{ia-ßƒ \S-
]n-¥p-W-bn-√.- Nm-Xp¿-h¿-Wy-h-y-h-kv-Y- ap≈ ho£-W-Øn\v auenI sslμh Øn. Bcy≥ F∂m-¬ t{ijvT≥, AY
Pm-Xn-bp-am-bn- _-‘s - ∏-´X - p- a
- √. A-Xv- I¿- {]am-Wß - ƒ ]n¥pW \¬Ip-∂n-√.- ]n¬- hm {_mlvaW≥ F∂p \n¿h-Nn® Zbm-
a-Øn¬- A-Sn-kY v- m-\s - ∏-Sp-Øn-bX - m-Wv.....''- Im-eØv lnμp[¿a- ]cnjvI¿Øm-°f - pw \μ kc-kz-X-n-sb-t∏m-ep-≈-h-cmWv ip
(tI-c-f-Øn-se-- ln-μp-a-X- k-aq-lw- t\-cn- lnμpXz cmjv{So-b-hm-Zn-I-fpw sslμh ≤n{Inb-I-fn-eqsS B¿°pw Bcy-\m-hm-
Sp-∂- sh-√p-hn-fn-Iƒ,- t]-Pv- 105).-- im-IvXoI-cW - Ø - ns‚ h¿K-ob e£y-ß sa∂ hmZ-K-Xn°v hºn® {]Nmcw \¬
Kp-Ww-sIm-≠pw- I¿-aw-sIm-≠p-sa- ƒ ]pe¿Øp-∂h - cpw hnI-kn-∏n-s®-Sp-Øn- In-b-Xv. AXn-\n-Kq-V-amb kh¿W-hXv-
√mw- iq-{Z∂v- - {_m-“-W-\pw- {_m-“-W∂v- ´p≈ hnime lnμpXzw F∂ Bi-b- I-c-W-Øn-\pw, AXns‚ ]n∂nse AXo-
iq-{Z-\pw- B-bn-Øo-cm≥- I-gn-bpw- F-∂p- Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-emWv {_mlva h-\n-KqV cmjv{Sob e£y-ßƒ°pw A
]-d-™v- P-∑-a-√,- I¿-a-am-Wv- h¿-Ww- \n¿- Wyw I¿a-Wm¬ t\Sm-hp-∂-XmWv F h¿W-sc hnt[-b-am-°pI F∂Xv Bcy
W-bn-°p-∂-Xv- F-∂p- h-m-Zn-°p-∂-h-cp-≠v.- ∂pw, Ah¿W-¿°pw Xmgv∂ PmXn-°m¿ ≥hm-Zn-If - psS e£y-am-bn-cp-∂p. Cu- Dt±-
"Kp-WI - ¿-a- hn-`m-Ki - x-'- F-∂m-Wv- {io-Irjv- °pw tjmU-i-{In-b-I-fn-eqsS {_mlva i-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-Ø-s∂-bm-Wv- hn-Nm-c-[m-c-
W≥- ]-d-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xv- F-∂-Xm-Wv- A- Wyw B¿Pn-°m-hp-∂-XmWv F∂p-ap≈ bn¬- Kp-cp-Pn- tKmƒ-h¬-°¿- Pm-Xo-b-X-
Xn-\v- sX-fn-hm-bn- ]-db - m-dp-≈X - v.- - F-∂m¬- Nn¥m-KXn Nne¿ {]N-cn-∏n-®-Xv. sb-bpw- sXm-´p-Iq-Sm-bva-sb-bpw- hn-a¿-in-
Rm≥- ap-ºv- D-≤-cn-®- ]-e- t«m-I-ß-fpw- F-ß-s\-bm-Wv- A-h¿-W≥- ln-μp-hm- °p-∂X - pw.- 1969¬- D-Up∏n-bn¬- sh-®p- \S-
C-Xn-s≥-d- k-Xym-h-kv-Y- hy-‡-am-°p-∂p- bn-Øo-cp-I?- lnμp-hns\ \n¿h-Nn-°p∂ ∂- hn-iz-ln-μp- k-tΩ-f-\-Øn¬- Aw-KoI-
≠v.- H-cp- {]-tXy-I- Pm-Xn-bn-tem- h¿-WØn- {]am-W-ß-fp-sStbm lnμp-Xz-Øns‚ cn-®- H-cp- {]-ta-bw-- hn-Nm-c-[m-c-bn¬- D-≤cn-
tem- P-\n-°p-∂-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv- Pm-Xn-bpw- ASn-ÿm\ tcJ-I-fp-sStbm ]n≥_e-an- °p-∂p-≠v.- A-Xv- Im-Wp-I-:-
h¿-Wh - pw- kvY - o-co-Ic - n-°s - ∏-Sp-∂X - v- F∂- √mØ Cu ho£Ww {]N-cn-∏n-°p-hm≥ ""ap-gp-h≥- ln-μp-k-ap-Zm-b-hpw- A-J-
Xm-Wv- hm-kv-X-hw.- A-h-cp-sS- {]-h¿-Ø\- B[p-\nI C¥ybn¬ cmjv{Sob kzbw- fi-am-b- sF-Iy-`m-h\ - b - n¬- G-Io-Ir-Xam-
ß-sfm-∂pw- A-°m-cy-Øn¬- ]-cn-KW - n-°m- tk-hI kwLw t]mse-bp≈ {]ÿm\ I-Ws - a-∂pw- kv] - r-iy-X,- A-k] v- r-iy-X- F-
dn-√.- iq-{Z-Ip-e-Øn¬- P-\n-®-h≥- {_m-“- -ßƒ ap∂n-ń-d-ßn-b-Xn\p ]n∂n¬ cmjv ∂o- {]-hW - X - I - f - pw- hn-Im-cß - f - pw-sIm-≠v-
W-I¿-aw- sN-øp-∂p-sh-¶n¬- A-Xv- kz-[¿a- {Sob e£y-am-Wp-≈X - ;v- - lnμp-Xz-sØ-°p- A-Xn¬- in-Yn-eo-I-c-W-ap-≠m-°-c-p-sX-
ew-L\ - a- m-bn-cn-°p-sa-∂t- √- {]-am-Wß - ƒ- dn-®p≈ icn-bmb kmwkvIm-cnI ho£- ∂pw- D-≈- e-£y-sØ- ]p-ck - vI
- c - n-®p- tem-
]-d-bp-∂-Xv?- iq-{Z-t\m- ssh-i-y-t\m- Kp-W- W-ßf - √
- . Ah¿W-sc lnμp-°f - m°n am I-Øn-se-ßp-ap-≈- ln-μp-°ƒ- A-h-cp-sS-
I¿-aß - ƒ-sIm-≠v- {_m-“W - \ - m-bn- am-dnb- ‰p∂ XØ-z-imkv{Xw Ah-X-cn-∏n-®-hcp ]-c-k-v]-c- ku-lr-Z-Øn¬- G-I-X-bp-sS-
Xn-\v- D-Zm-l-cWw- h-√-Xp-ap-t≠m?- A-ß- sS e£y-ßƒ Xncn-®-dn-bp-hm≥ Awt_ bpw- k-a-`m-h-\-bp-sS-bpw- X-Øz-w-- ]m-en-
s\-sbm-cp- kvY - m-\° - b - ‰ - w- In-ń-b- h-√- hy- ZvIsd-t∏mse ]e¿°pw km[n-®n-´p-≈Xp- t°-≠X - m-Wv''- (hn-Nm-c[ - m-c,-t]-Pv- 405,-406).
‡n-bpw- C-∂v- Po-hn-®n-cn-∏p-t≠-m?- sIm-≠mWv Ah¿ kh¿W-¿°p-am-{Xsa ""A-kv] - r-iy-Xs - b-∂- hym-[n-bp-sS- B-
Ah¿W-¿t°m, kh¿W-cnse {_m lnμp-°-fm-Im≥ km[n°q F∂ hmZw g-Øn¬- D-≈-Xv- A-Xp- [¿-a-Øn-s≥-d- H-cp-
lvatW-Xc - ¿t°m ]q-Pm-cn-If - m-Im≥- Ign- D∂-bn-®-Xv. lnμp-[¿a-sØ Bg-Øn¬ `m-K-am-sW-∂pw- A-Xn-s\- sX-‰n-°p-∂-Xv-
bp-tam?- A-h¿- Hcp-\n-ebv°pw t£{X-ß- ]Tn-®t- i-ja - mWv Awt_-Zv°¿ Ah¿W- H-cp- a-lm-]m-X-I-am-sW-∂pw- km-[m-c-W-
fn¬ ]qPm-cn-I-fm-Im≥- ]mSn-s√∂ {_m ¿ lnμp-°-f√ F∂v- A--`n-{]m-b-s∏-´-Xv. P-\ß - f - n¬- D-≈- hn-izm-ka - m-Wv.- H-cp-]mSp-
lvaW \ne-]m-Sv- sslμh {]am-W-ßfp {]am-W-ß-fpsS ]n≥_-e-an-√mØ a-XK- p-cp-°∑ - m- c- p-sS-bpw- \q-‰m-≠p-It- fm-fw-
sS ]n≥_-ea - p-≈X - p-Xs - ∂-bm-Wv. t£{X- Cu ]pXnb [¿a-\n¿W-b hmZw G‰p \o-≠p-\n-∂- A¿-∏-W-]q¿-h-am-b- {i-a-ß-
]q-Pm-[n-Imcw Ah¿W-¿°p \ntj-[n°p ]nSn-°p-hm≥ lnμp[¿aØ-nse ]cnjvI- fp-≠m-bn-´pw- P-\-km-am-\y-Øn-s≥-d- a-\-
∂ {_mlvaW-˛-k-h¿W-]£ \ne]mSn c-W-hm-Zn-Iƒ ap≥]-¥n-bn¬h¿Øn-®p. n¬- C-{X-bpw- Im-ew- Cu- lm-\n-Ic - a- mb-
\v kh¿W- P\-ßtfm Ah-cpsS kwL- Bcy-ka - m-Pw t- ]msebp≈ Nne {]ÿm- B-Nm-cw- H-ń-\n-∂-Xn-s≥-d- {]-[m-\- Im-c-
H-cp- {]-tXy-I- Pm-Xn-bn-tem- h¿-W-Øn-tem- P-\n-°p-∂-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv- Pm-Xn-bpw- h¿-W-hpw- kv-Yo-co-I-cn-°-

s∏-Sp-∂-Xv- F-∂-Xm-Wv- hm-kv-X-hw.- A-h-cp-sS- {]-h¿-Ø-\-ß-sfm-∂pw- A-°m-cy-Øn¬- ]-cn-K-Wn-°m-dn√.-
iq-{Z-Ip-e-Øn¬- P-\n-®-h≥- {_m-“-W-I¿-aw- sN-øp-∂p-sh-¶n¬- A-Xv- kz-[¿-a- ew-L-\-am-bn-cn-°p-sa-∂-
t√- {]-am-W-ßƒ- ]-d-bp-∂-Xv?- iq-{Z-t\m- ssh-i-y-t\m- Kp-W-I¿-a-ßƒ-sIm-≠v- {_m-“-W-\m-bn- am-dn-b-Xn-\v-
D-Zm-l-cWw- h-√-Xp-ap-t≠m?- A-ß-s\-sbm-cp- kv-Ym-\-°-b-‰w- In-ń-b- h-√- hy-‡n-bpw- C-∂v- Po-hn-®n-cn-
∏pt≠-m?-
2006 sk-]v-‰w-_¿- 14
hn-Nm-c[ - m-cb
- pw- a-‰pw- D-b¿-Øn-∏n-Sn-°p-∂- ln-μp- - sF-Iyw- F-{X-am-{Xw D-]c- n-πh- I
- c- h
- pw- h-©\ - m-]c- h
- pam-
sW-∂v- Cu- D-≤-c-Wn- sh-fn-hm-°p-∂p.- ]m-W-s\-bpw- ]-d-b-s\-bpw- ]p-e-b-s\-bp-sa-√mw- H-cp- kv-Y-e-Øv-
H-cp-an-®p-Iq-ń- `- P
- \
- I
- ƒ,- Io¿-Ø\- ß
- ƒ,- D-’h - ß- ƒ,- c-ma- m-bW
- ˛
- a-lm-`m-cX- - I-Ym-{]-hN - \
- ß
- ƒ- XpSßn-
b-h- G¿-∏m-Sp- sN-bv-Xv- D-≠m-°p-∂- sF-Iy-sa-¥m-Wv?- B- ]m-h-ßƒ-°v- A-Xp-s-Im-≠v- e-`n-°p-∂- t\-´-
sa-¥m-Wv?- A-Øc- ° - m¿-°v- sXmgn¬- kw-hc- W- w- \¬-Im-\p-≈- a-fi¬ I-Ωo-j≥- dn-t∏m¿-´v- \-S∏ - n-em°p-
∂-Xn-s\-Xn-cm-bn- ho-dp-‰- k-a-cw- \-S-Øn-b-Xv- hn-Nm-c[m-c-bpw- s]m-°n-∏n-Sn-®p- \-S-°p-∂- kw-Lv-]-cn-hm¿-
{]-h¿-Ø-I-c-t√?
Ww- Cu- a-X] - c

- a
- m-b- ssh-Ir-Xa - m-W'v- '- (hn- A-ta-cn-°≥- k-a-Xz-am-W-s√m-!- C-Xn-s‚- h¿-Ø-I-sc- B-flm-lp-Xn-°p- t]m-epw-
Nm-c-[m-c,-t]-Pv- 405). sX-fn-hm-bn-cp-∂p- a-fi¬- {]-t£m-`-W- t{]-cn-∏n-°p-∂- X-cØ - n¬- A-h¿-°v- A\n-
C-Øc - Ø - n-ep-≈- sF-Iym-lzm-\ß - ƒ- Im-e-Øv- U¬-ln-bn¬- \-S-∂- B-flm-lp- jvS- I
- c
- a
- m-bn-cp-∂p- A-[x-kY
v- n-X¿-°v- A¬-
H-cp- ln-μp-cm-jv-{S-Øn-s≥-d- cq-]o-I-c-Ww- Xn.- A-\p-`h - n-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂- B-\p-Iq-ey- ]w- B-\p-Iq-eyw- \¬-Ip-∂-sX-¶n¬- A-
F-∂- tI-he - - cm-j{v- So-b- e-£y-Øn-\p- th- ß-fn¬- Ip-d-®v- A-[x-kv-Yn-X¿-°p- hn-´p- h¿- {]-Nc - n-∏n-°p-∂- ssl-μh - - sF-Iy-Øn-
≠n-bm-sW-∂pw- k-aq-l-Øn-s≥-d-bpw- ln- sIm-Sp-t°-≠n- h-cp-∂-Xn-ep-≈- h-ep-Xmb- s≥-d- e-£y-sa-¥m-W-v?-
μp-a-X-Øn-s≥-d- X-s∂-bpw- A-`n-hr-≤n-°p \-jSv- t- _m-[a - m-Wv- Cu- I-Sp-Ø- \-S] - S- n°- A-h-ew-_-ßƒ-
th-≠n-bs - √-∂pw- hn-Nm-c[ - m-cb - p-sS- Hm-tcm- h-sc- t{]-cn-∏n-®X - .v - A-[x-kY -v n-Xs- c- ktlm
1) ln-μp-hn-s≥-d- ]p-kv-X-Iw,- i-in-[-c≥- sNº-
h-cn-bpw- hy-‡-am-°p-∂p-≠v.- F-√m-hn-[- -Z-c-cm-bn- Im-Wm-\pw- ssI-]n-Sn-®p-b¿-Øm- g-¥n-bn¬,- s]≥-_p-Iv-kv.-
A-Ie - ß- f - pw- C-√m-Xm-°p-hm-\p-≈- I¬]- \p-ap-≈- ssh-ap-Jyw- [¿-ai - m-k{v- X-ßf - psS-
2)tI-c-f-Øn-se- ln-μp-k-aq-lw- t\-cn-Sp-∂-
\- b-Ym¿-YØ - n¬- C-Xn-lm-kß - f - p-sS-bpw- kzm-[o-\w- F-{X- i-‡n-a-Øm-bn- X-e-ap-d-
sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ,- tUm.- sI.- P-b-{]-Im-iv,-
kv-ar-Xn-I-fp-sS-bpw- th-Z-ß-fp-sS-bpsam I-fn-eq-s-S- Xp-S-cp-∂p- F-∂p- kq-Nn-∏n-°p- Ipcp-t£-{X- {]-Im-i≥-˛ sIm-®n.-
s°- ]-e- I¬-]\ - I - ƒ-°pw- hn-cp-≤a - m-sW- ∂p''- (ln-μp-hn- s - ≥-d- ]p-kX v- I - w,- i-in-[c≥-
3)`m-c-Xo-b- Nn-¥,- sI.- Zm-tam-Z-c≥,- tI-c-f-
∂-Xm-Wv- hm-kv-X-hw.- - sN-º-g-¥n-bn¬,- t]-Pv- 121).-- `mjm- C≥-kv-‰n-‰yq-´v,- 1988.-
""ip-≤a - m-b- [m¿-an-I- `-‡n-bp-sS- {]hm- hn-Nm-c[ - m-cb - pw- a-‰pw- D-b¿-Øn-∏n-Sn-°p- 4)`-K-h-Zv-Ko-Xm-kzm-[ym-bw,- \n-Xy-ssN-X-\y-
l-Øn¬,- kv-]r-iy-sa-∂p-w-- A-kv-]r-iy-sa- ∂- ln-μ-p- sF-Iyw- F-{X-am-{Xw D-]-cn-πh- bXn,- Un.-kn.-_p-Iv-kv-˛1992.-
∂pw- a-‰p-ap-≈- h-yX - ym-kß - s - f- ap-°n,- s]m I-ch - pw- h-©\ - m-]c - h
- p-am-sW-∂v- Cu- D≤- 5)`-K-h-Zv-Ko-X- in-hm-c-hn-μw- a-lm-`m-jyw,-
-Xp-hm-sbm-cp- km-tlm-Z-cy-`m-h-Øn¬- H c-Wn- sh-fn-hm-°p-∂p.- ]m-Ws - \-bpw- ]db- s{]m^.- Pn.- _m-eI - r-jvW
- ≥- \m-b¿-,- tIcf-
Øp-tN-cp-hm≥- km-[n-°p-∂- kv-Y-e-ß- s\-bpw- ]p-e-b-s\-bp-sa-√mw- H-cp- kv-Y-e- `m-jm- C≥-kv-‰n-‰yq-´v˛ 1997.-
fn¬- `-P-\-Iƒ,- Io¿-Ø-\-ßƒ,- D-’-h- Øv- H-cp-an-®p-Iq-ń- -`-P-\-Iƒ,- Io¿-Ø-\- 6)hn-Nm-c[m-c (B-dmw- ]-Xn-∏v)-,- Kp-cp-Pn- tKmƒ
ßƒ,- c-ma - m-bW - ˛- a-lm-`m-cX - - I-Ym-{]-hN- ßƒ,- D-’-h-ßƒ,- c-m-am-b-W-˛ a-lm-`mc- h¬-°¿,- Ip-cp-t£-{X- {]-Im-i≥-˛ sIm-®n.-
\-ßƒ- Xp-S-ßn-b-h- Cu- D-t±-i-Øn-\p-th- X- I-Ym-{]-hN - \- ß - ƒ- Xp-Sß - n-bh - - G¿∏m- 7)P-∑-`q-an- Zn-\-∏-{Xw.- 2006 Pq-sse- 7,- sh-≈n
≠n- G¿-∏m-Sp-sN-øm-hp-∂X - m-Wv''- (hn-Nmc- Sp- sN-bvX - v- D-≠m-°p-∂- sF-Iy-sa-¥m-Wv?- bm-gv-N.-
[m-c,-t]-Pv- 410). B- ]m-hß - ƒ-°v- A-Xp-sI - m-≠v- e-`n-°p∂- 8)hn-⁄m-\-ssI-c-fn am-kn-I- (tI-c-f- `m-jm-
t\-´s - a-¥m-Wv?- A-Øc - °
- m¿-°v- sXmgn¬- C≥-kv-‰n-‰yq-ń-s≥-d- ap-J-]-{Xw)-,- -Pq-sse-
c-mam-b-W-am-km-N-c-W-w- t]m-ep-≈-
kw-h-c-Ww- \¬-Im-\p-≈- a-fi¬ I-Ωo- 2006).
Im-cy-ßƒ- hym-]I - a - m-°p-Ib - pw- A-ßs - \-
j≥- dn-t∏m¿-´v- \-S∏ - n-em-°p-∂X - n-s\-Xn-cm- 9){io-a-Z-v a-lm-`m-c-Xw- (k-hym-Jym-\w).- Ip-∂
F-√m- Pm-Xn-I-sf-bpw- H-cp-an-®p-Iq-´p-hm≥-
bn- ho-dp-‰- k-a-cw- \-S-Øn-b-Xv- hn-Nm-c[m- Øv- P-\m¿-Z-\≥ \m-b¿-,- tZ-hn- _p-Iv-kv‰mƒ,-
{i-an-°p-Ib - pw- sN-øp-∂- Im-gN v- - C-∂v- Z¿i-
c-bpw- s]m-°n-∏n-Sn-®p- \-S-°p-∂- kw-Lv- sIm-Sp-ß√q¿.-
\o-b-am-Wv.- C-Xn-s≥-d-sb-√mw- ]n-∂n¬-
]-cn-hm¿- {]-h¿-Ø-I-c-t√?- A-Xn-s≥-d- {]- 10)a-e-bm-fw- hm-cn-I.- 2006 B-K-kv-‰v- 25.-
ssl-μ-h- [¿-a-Øn-s≥-d- k-ap-≤m-c-W-a-√-
e-£y-sa-∂p-w- Xn-I® - pw- cm-jv{- So-b] - c - a- mb-
e-£y-am-sW-∂pw- km-[m-c-W-°m-¿- a-\-
n-em-°p-∂n-√- F-∂n-S-Øm-Wv- kw-Lv-]-
cn-hm-dn-s≥-d- hn-P-bw.- ""a-\p--jy-tc,-- A-√m-lp- \n-ßƒ-°p- sN-bv-X- A-\p-{K-lw- \n-ßƒ-
""-Z-fn-X-sc-bpw- C-X-c- A-h-i-hn-`m-K-ß- Hm¿-an-°p-I.- B-Im-i-Øp-\n-∂p-w- `q-an-bn¬- \n-∂p-w- \n-ßƒ-°v-
sf-bpw- thm-ń-s≥-d- Im-cy-Øn-sem-gn-®v- Xp D-]-Po-h-\w- \¬-I-m≥- A-√m-lp-h-√m-Ø- h-√- {k-jv-Sm-hp-ap-t≠m?-
ey-cm-bn- Im-Wm-\p-≈- ssh-ap-Jy-am-Wv- A-h-\-√m-sX- bm-sX-m-cp- ssZ-h-hp-an-√.- A-t∏mƒ- \n-ßƒ- F-ß-
]u-tcm-ln-Xy- ln-μp-a-Xw- ]p-e¿-Øn-h-cp- s\-bm-Wv- sX-‰n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv-?-''- (Jp¿-B≥- 35:-3)-.-
∂-Xv.- kzm-X-{¥ym-\-¥-c- X-e-ap-d- B¿-Pn-
®-Xv- Hu-]-\n-jZn-I-k-a-Xz-Øn-\p- ]-I-cw-
2006 sk-]v-‰w-_¿- 15
\n-co-£-Ww-
_¿-W-_m-kn-s‚- kp-hn-ti-jw-
ap-kv-enw- c-N-\-bm-Im-tam?-
P-hm-Zv.-sI- N-cn-{Xhpw- ]-T-\-ß-fpw- \¬-Ip-∂-Xv.- ]-g

b-\n-b-a-Øn-se- hn-hn-[- `m-K-ß-fp-sS-bpw-
ss_-_n- ƒ- ]-gb - \- n-ba- s- Ø-bpw- ]pXn- ]-pX
- n-b\
- n-ba - Ø - n-se- c-N\ - I
- f - p-sS-bpw- Im-
b-\n-b-a-sØ-bpw- ss{I-kv-X-h- km-ln-Xy- cy-Øn¬- ss{I-kvX - h - - k-ao-]\ - w- k-Xyk-
ß-fn¬- hn-ti-jn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv- Xn-cp-sh-gp- \v-[-a-√- F-∂v- ]-d-bp-∂-Xn-\v- B-[m-cw-
Øp-Iƒ,-- k-Xy-th-Z-]p-kv-X-Iw- Xp-S-ßn-b- ss{I-kX v- h- ¿- Iq-Sn- Aw-Ko-Ic - n-°p-∂- Ah-
t]-cp-I-fn-em-Wv.- Xn-cp-sh-gp-Øv- F-∂v- hn cp-sS-X-s∂- N-cn-{X-hym-Jym-\-ß-fm-Wv.- a-
ti-jn-∏n-°p-tºmƒ- a-\p-jym-Xo-X-am-b- \p-jym-Xo-Xa - m-bh- ,- - ssZ-hn-IX - b - p-≈h - - F-
kz-`m-h-hpw- A-¥x-k-Ø-bpw- A-Xn-\p-≠v- ∂v- ]-g-b-˛]p-Xn-b- \n-b-a-ß-sf- hn-ti-jn-
F-∂pw- k-X-y-th-Z- ]p-kv-X-Iw- F-∂v- hn- ∏n-°p-∂-tXm-sSm-∏w-Xs∂,-- A-h- a-\p-jy-
ti-jn-∏n-°p-tºmƒ- ssZ-hØ - n¬-\n-∂p-≈- cm¬- c-Nn-°s∏-´-h-bm-Wv- F-∂- k-Xyw-
k-Xy-ßƒ- Dƒ-s°m-≈p-∂X - v- A-Yh
- m- th- k-`-I-fpw- k-`m-N-cn-{X-Im-c-∑m-cpw- Aw-Ko-
Zw- F-∂v- ]-cn-K-Wn-°m-hp-∂-Xv- F-∂p-am- I-cn-°p-∂p-≠v.- a-\p-jy¿- ssZ-h-\n-th-in-
Wv- A¿-Y-w- I¬-]n-°p-∂-Xv.- Cu- c-≠v-Xc- X-am-bn- Fgp-Xn-b-Xv- F-∂- A¿-Y-Ønem
Øn-epw- A¿-Y-w- I¬-]n-°m-hp-∂- KpW Wv- A-hb - p-sS- ssZ-hn-IX - - ]-cn-KW - n-°s∏-
ßƒ,- ssZ-hn-I-X-tbm- a-\p-j-ym-Xo-X-am-b- Sp-∂-Xv.- a-\p-jy¿- F-gp-Xp-I-bpw- ssZ-hw-
D-≈S- °
- t- am- A-hb- v°
- v- D-t≠m- F-∂v- ]cn- Aw-Ko-I-cn-°p-I-bpw- sN-øp-I- F-∂-Xn¬-
tim-[n-°p-tºmƒ- C-√- F-∂- a-dp-]S- n-bmWv- k-¶o¿-W-am-b- {]-iv-\-ßƒ- \n-c-h-[n-bp-
≠v.- A-tX-ka - b
- w- ssZ-hw- A-hX - c- n-∏n- °
- p-
I-bpw- a-\p-jy≥- F-gp-X-p-I-bpw- sN-øp-I-
_¿-W-_m-kv- kp-hn-ti-jw- F-gp-Xn-b-Xv A-t∏m-kv-X-e- {]hr-Øn-I-fn¬- ]-d-bp-∂- F-∂-Xv- a-s‰m-cp-h-i-am-Wv.- c-≠pw- X-Ωnep-
A-tX- _¿-W-_m-kv- A-s√-∂- hm-Z-K-Xn-°v- sX-fn-hm-bn- ss{I-kv-X-h¿- D-∂-bn-°p- ≈-- `n-∂-X- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\-]-c-am-Wv.-
∂-Xv,- ]u-tem-kn-s‚- D-]-tZ-i-ßƒ-°v- _¿-W-_m-kv- kp-hn-ti-jw- F-Xn-cm-Ip-∂p- ss{I-kv-X-h- {]-am-W-ß-fp-sS- Im-cy-
Øn¬,- a-\p-jy¿- F-gp-Xn-bX - v- ssZ-hw- Aw-
F-∂-Xm-Wv.- ]u-tem-kn-s‚- D-]-tZ-i-ß-sf- _¿-W-_m-kv- kp-hn-ti-j-Øn-s‚- kzo-
Ko-I-cn-®-Xm-bm-Wv- hn-iz-kn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.-
Im-cy-X- \n¿-W-bn-°m≥- am-\-Z-Wv-U-am-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p- F-∂¿-Y-w.- Cu- hn-izm-k-Øn-s‚- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\-Øn-em-
Wv- ]-g-b-\n-b-a-Øn-s‚-bpw- ]p-Xn-b-\n-b-
2006 sk-]v-‰w-_¿- 16
a-Øn-s‚-bpw- N-cn-{Xw- k-`-Iƒ- F-gp-Xn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.- ]-g-b- C-ß-s\- ]-e-cm¬- F-gp-X-s∏-Sp-I-bpw- ]-e-cm¬- ssI-am‰w-
\n-ba - Ø- n-se- hn-hn-[- `m-Kß - ƒ-°pw- ]p-Xn-b\ - n-ba - Ø
- n-se- cN sN-bv-Xv- e`n-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-X-Xn-s‚- ssZ-hn-I-X- tI-h-ew- Hcp-
\-Iƒ-°pw- k-`-Iƒ- A-w-Ko-I-cn-°p-∂- Nn-e- N-cn-{X-ßƒ- D≠v.- hn-izm-kw- am-{X-am-bn-cn-°pw.- a-\p-jy-cn¬-\n-∂v- G-Xm-\pw- t]sc-
B- N-cn-{X-ßƒ,- A-h-bp-sS- ssZ-hn-I-Xm-hm-Z-sØ- G-‰-hpw- sX-c-s™-Sp-Øv- ssZ-hw- A-h-s‚- h-N-\-ßƒ- F-gp-Xm≥- G¬-
B-Zy-am-bn-Ø-s∂- \n-tj-[n-°p-∂p.- a-\p-jy-cm-Wv- F-gp-Xn-b- ]n-°p-I- F∂- hm-Z-K-Xn-sIm-≠v- \ym-bo-I-cn-°-s∏-Sm-hp-∂-X√-
Xv- F-∂-Xn¬- am-{X-a-√,- a-\p-jy¿-°v- am-{Xw- ]-¶m-fn-Ø-ap-≈- ss_-_n-fn-s‚- ssZ-hn-I-X.- ]-e- kz-`m-h-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b- ]e-
Xv- F-∂X - n¬-Iq-Sn- hym-]n-®p-In-S° - p-∂- N-cn-{X-am-Wv- ]-gb - ˛- ]pXn- Ir-Xn-Iƒ-,- ]-ec- m¬- ]-eI - m-eß- f- n¬- ]-et- Z-iß - f- n-em-bn- cNn-
b-\n-b-a-ß-sf-°p-dn-®v- k-`-Iƒ- A-h-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.- ssZ-hw- °-s∏-Sp-Ib - pw A-hb - {- X-bpw- ssZ-hn-Ia- m-Wv- F-∂v- hn-iz-kn°p-
sX-cs - ™-Sp-Øh - c- m¬- F-gp-Xn- F-∂- A-hI - m-ih - m-Zw- _mly ∂-Xn-\m-bn- ""A-h- G-I-hy-Iv-Xn-bm¬- F-gp-X-s∏-´- G-I-{K-\vY-
am-b- H-∂m-Wv.- A-Xm-hs - ´- H-cp-]‰ - w- a-\p-jy-Po-hn-Iƒ- Iq-Snt®¿- ambn-t´- tXm-∂p-Ib - p-≈q''- F-∂v- ]-db - p-Ib- pw- sN-øp-∂X - v- bpIv-
∂v- F-Sp-Ø- H-cp- Xo-cp-am-\w- am-{X-hp-am-Wv.- G-Xm-\pw- hy-IvXnI- Xn-k-l-a-√.- Im-c-Ww- ]-e- kz-`m-h-Øn-ep-≈- A-[ym-b-ßƒ-
fp-sS- c-N-\-I-sf- ssZ-h-Øn-s‚-t]-cn¬- am-\-h-cm-in-°v- ap-∂n¬- X-s∂-bm-Wv- Hm-tcm- Ir-Xn-°pw- D-≠m-hp-I.- tem-IØ - n-se- hnhn-
A-h-X-cn-∏n-°m≥- a-‰p-Nn-e- hy-Iv-Xn-Iƒ- cw-K-Øp-h-cp-∂p- F∂- [- `m-j-I-fn¬- F-gp-X-s∏-´- ]-e-]-e- hn-j-b-ß-tfm- I-Y-I-tfm-
Xm-Wv- ss_-_nfn-s‚- N-cn-{X-Øn-se- \n¿-Wm-bI - a - m-b- {]-iv\w.- k-am-l-cn-®v- c-≠v- N-´-ßƒ-°p-≈n¬- {I-ao-I-cn-®m¬-t]m-epw-
H-cp- Ir-Xn-bn¬- C-{]-Im-cw- Im-Wmw-:- A-Xv- H-cmƒ- F-gp-Xn-b-Xm-Wv- F-∂v- hm-Zn-°m-hp-∂-X-c-Øn¬-
""C-{X-b-[n-Iw- {]-i-kv-Xn-bm¿-Pn-®- a-s‰m-cp- {K-\v-Yw- temI- A-Xn-s\- kw-hn-[m-\n-°m≥- I-gn-bpw.- `m-j- H-∂p-Xs - ∂-bm-bncn-
N-cn-{X-Øn¬- \mw- Im-Wp-∂n-√.- A-Xv- G-I-tZ-iw- 16 \q-‰m-≠p °-Ww,- ssi-en-Iƒ-°n-S-bn¬- t\-cn-b- H-cp- km-ayw- th-Ww-
Iƒ-sIm-≠v- 40¬-]-cw- B-fp-I-fm¬- F-gp-X-s∏-´- H-cp- a-l¬- F-∂p-am-{X-sa- B-h-iy-am-bn-h-cp-∂p-≈q.-
{K-\v-Y-am-Wv.- Cu- F-gp-Øp-Im-cn¬- cm-Pm-°-∑m¿,- ]-Wv-Un-X- ss_-_n-fn-s‚- Im-cy-Øn¬- kw-`h - n-®X
- pw- a-‰p-\n-ebv° - mbn-
∑m¿,- B-ń-Sb - ∑
- m¿,- ap-°p-h∑ - m¿- (ao≥]n-Sp-Ø° - m¿)- F-∂nß- cp-∂n-√.- B-scm-s°-tbm- F-hn-sS-sbm-s°-tbm-sh-®v- F-gp-Xnb-
s\- ]-e-X-c-Xn-ep-≈- B-fp-Iƒ- hn-hn-[- ]-cn-X-kv-Yn-Xn-I-fn-epw- h- F-∂- \n-e-bn¬- I-hn-™v- D-Xv-`-hw,- c-N-\- F-∂n-h-bp-sS-
km-l-N-cy-ß-fn-epw- F-gp-Xn- H-cp- F-gp-Øp-Im-c-\n¬-\n-∂pw- Im-cy-Øn¬- Ir-Xy-am-b- H-cp- hn-h-c-Ww- C-∂pw- ]-g-b˛]p-Xn-b-
A-Sp-Ø- Fgp-Øp-Im-c-\n-te-°v- Nn-e-t∏mƒ- \q-‰m-≠p-Iƒ-°v- \n-ba - ß
- f - n-se- hn-hn-[- `-mK - ß - s - f-°p-dn-®v- k-`m-Nc - n-{X-Im-c∑ - m¿-
]p-d-sa- A-h-cp-sS- hm-k-kv-Y-e-ß-fn-te-°v- A-t\-Iw- ssa-ep- t]m-epw- \¬-Ip-∂n-√.- ]p-Xn-b-\n-b-a-Øn-se- hn-hn-[- c-N-\-Iƒ-
I-fp-sS-bpw- \m-Sp-If - p-sS-bpw- Zq-ch - pw- D-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.- C-{X- hyXy- t]m-epw- Cu- kz-`m-hØ - n¬-\n-∂v- \m-fn-Xp-hs - c- ap-t∂m-´p-t]mbn-
kv-X-am-b- co-Xn-bn¬- F-gp-Xn-b-Xm-sW-¶n-epw- Cu- F-√m- IrXn- ń-√.- c-N-bn-Xm-°ƒ,- c-N-\m-Im-ew,- c-N-\-bp-sS- kv-Y-ew- F-∂n-
I-fpw- sam-Ø-Øn¬- G-I-{K-\v-Y-am-bpw- G-I-{K-\v-Y-Im-c-\m¬- h-sb- kw-_-\v-[n-s®-√mw- "I-cp-X-s∏-Sp-∂p'-,- "hn-iz-kn-°-s∏Sp-
F-gp-X-s∏-´-Xm-bpw- am-{X-sa- tXm-∂p-I-bp-≈q''.- ∂p'- Xp-S-ßn-b- co-Xn-I-fn-em-Wv- k-`m-N-cn-{X-Øn-s‚- `m-j-Iƒ.-
""C-h- F-gp-X-s∏-Sp-hm≥- th-≠-Xm-b- B-fp-I-sf- ssZ-hw- A-Ø-cw- N-cn-{X-sØ- X-s∂-bm-Wv- hn-a¿-i-I-cpw- hn-izm-k-n-I-
hn-fn-®v- A-h¿-°v- {]-tNm-Z-\w- \¬-Ip-∂p.- A-Xp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂- fpw- B-b-h¿- F-√m-h-cpw- H-sc-t]m-se- ss_-_n-fn-s‚- Im-cy-
Cu- {K-\vY - Ø
- n¬- Bh¿-Øn-®m-h¿-Øn-®v- ]-db - p-∂- H-cp- hmIy- Øn¬- A-h-e-w-_n-®p-h-cp-∂-Xpw.- ap-kv-enwIƒ-- kp-hn-ti-j-ß-
am-Wv- ""b-tlm-h- (ssZ-hw)- A-cp-fn-sN-øp-∂p''- F-∂p-≈X - v.- Cß- sf-bpw- ]p-Xn-b˛- ]-gb - \ - n-ba - ß- fn-se- a-‰p- c-N\ - I- s- f-bpw- AwKo-
s\-bp-≈- {]-tbm-Kß - ƒ- 2000Øn-e[ - n-Iw- {]m-hi - yw- ]-gb - \- nb- I-cn-°p-∂n-√- F-∂-Xn\m¬- A-h¿- k-`m-N-cn-{X-Im-c-∑m-cp-sS-
a-Øn-¬-X-s∂- D-]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.- (Cu- hn-ip-≤- {K-\v-Yw- ho-£W - Ø- n-\v- k-am-¥c - a- m-b- a-‰p- N-cn-{X-ho-£W - ß - ƒ- Bhn-
ssZ-h- \n-iz-kv-X-am-sW-∂v- ]p-Xn-b-\n-b-a-Øn-epw- h-f-sc- hyIv- jv-I-cn-®n-ń-√.- ss_-_n-fn-s\- kw-_-\v-[n-®- ap-kv-enw-- hm-Z-KXn-
X-am-bn- {]-kv-Xm-hn-®n-cn-°p-∂p).- (Xn-cp-Ø¬- H-cp- kw-{K-l- Iƒ-°v- A-h¿- A-h-ew-_n-°p-∂-Xv- ss{I-kv-X-h-cp-sS- X-s∂-
]T-\w-:- B-ap-J-Øn¬-\n-∂v).- Hu-tZym-Kn-I- N-cn-{X-`m-jy-ßs - f- am-{X-am-Wv.- G-sX-¶n-epw- ss_-
""]p-Xn-b-\n-b-aw- (C-©o¬)- F-gp-X-s∏-´-Xv- (C-d-°-s∏-´-X- _nƒ- c-N\ - b
- p-sS- Im-cy-Øn¬- ap-kve - nw-Iƒ- kz-¥a - m-bn- Ir{Xn-
√)- tb-ip-hn-s‚- k-a-Im-en-I-in-jy-∑m-cm-em-Wv.- F-√m- ]p-Xnb- a-am-b- H-cp- N-cn-{Xw- D-≠m-°n-b-Xm-bn- ss{I-kv-X-h- N-cn-{X-Im-
\n-b-a- ]p-kv-X-I-ß-fpw- F.-Un.- 50\pw- 75\pw- C-S-bv-°v- F-gp-X- c-∑m¿-°v- \m-fn-Xp-hs - c- sX-fn-bn-°mt\m- hm-Zn-°m≥- t]m-eptam-
s∏-ń-´p-≠v.- (William Albright, Christianity Today, Vol-7) Ign-™n-ń-√.- ap-kv-enw-I-sf- kw-_-\v-[n-®- k-`m-N-cn-{X- ho-£-
(Xn-cp-Ø¬- H-cp- kw-{K-l-]-T-\w,- t]-Pv- 24).- W-ßf - n¬- \n-∂p-Xs - ∂-- A-h¿-°m-hi - y-am-b- sX-fn-hp-Iƒ- In´p-
C-Xn¬-\n-∂v- a-\ - n-em-°m≥- I-gn-bp-∂X - v- ]u-tem-kv- h-cp-∂X - n-\v- ap-ºp-Xs- ∂- {Inkv-

Xp-hn-s‚- b-Ym¿-Y- A-t∏m-kvX - e - ∑- m-sc-∂- \n-eb - n¬- ]p-Xn-b\- n-ba- w- ]-cn-Nb
- s- ∏Sp-
Øp-∂- hy-Iv-Xn-Iƒ-°n-S-bn¬- _¿-W-_m-kv- Aw-Ko-I-cn-°-s∏-ń-cp-∂p- F-∂m-Wv.-
]utem-kn-s\-°mƒ- _¿-W-_m-kn-\v- A-t∏m-kv-X-e-∑m¿-°n-S-bn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂-
kvYm-\w- hy-IXv- a- m-°p-∂X- m-Wv,- ""{]-t_m-[\ - ]
- p-{X≥''- F-∂- A¿-Yw- - h-cp-∂- ""_¿W-
_m-kv ''- F-∂- \m-aw.--
2006 sk-]v-‰w-_¿- 17
∂-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv- ]p-Xn-b- \n-b-a-Øn-se-tbm- ]-g-b-\n-b-a-Øn- Sp-∂p.- tb-i-p-hn-s‚- in-jy-∑m-cpw- k-p-hn-ti-j- {]-tLm-j-Icpw-
se-tbm- H-scm-‰- c-N-\-bp-sS-bpw- c-N-bn-Xm-hv- B-sc-∂v- hy-IvX- {]-kw-Kn-°p-I-bpw- ssI-am-dp-I-bpw- ss{I-kv-X-h- k-aq-lw-
a-s√-∂v- ]-db - p-∂X - pw.- a-\p-jy¿- ssZ-h\ - n-th-in-Xa - m-bpw- ]cnip- {i≤m-]q¿-h-w- kq-£n-°p-I-bpw- hn-Nn-¥-\- hn-j-b-am-°p-I-bpw-
≤m-Xva - {- ]-tNm-Zn-Xc - m-bpw- c-Nn-®h - b - m-Wv- ss_-_n-fn-se- hn-hn[- sN-bv-X- tb-ip-hn-s‚- {]-t_m-[-\-ß-fpw- Po-hn-X-kw-`-h-ß-fpw-
`m-Kß - ƒ- F-∂p-≈- G-‰h - pw- _m-en-ia - m-b- hm-ZK - X- n-bn¬- \n∂p- t{Im-Uo-I-cn-®v- a¿-t°m-kv- B-Zy-am-bn- H-cp- kp-hn-ti-jw- Xbm-
t]m-epw- ss{I-kX v- h - c
- p-sS- Xn-cp-sh-gp-Øp-Iƒ- Xm-tgm-´m-Wv- t]m- dm-°n''.-
Ip-∂-Xv.- A-h¿- hm-Zn-°p-∂ -X-c-Øn-ep-≈- H-cp- ]-cn-K-W-\- {]-Xy-£-s∏-´p-Im-W-Ww,- k-¶¬-]n-°p-∂p,- I-cp-X-s∏-Sp-
AsX-{X-am-{Xw- bp-Iv-Xn-lo-\-am-bm¬- t]m-epw- ss_-_nƒ- ∂p- F-s∂-√mw- D-d-∏n-√m-Ø- `m-j-I-fn¬- D-]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p-≈-
A¿l-am-°p-∂n-√- F-∂m-Wv- D-cp-Øn-cn-bp-∂-Xv.- Xn¬-\n-∂v- C-Xn-s‚- aq-e-Ir-Xn-I-sf-°p-dn-®v- hn-h-c-W-ß-sfm-
ssZ-h-\n-th-in-X-am-bn- G-Xm-\pw- hy-Iv-Xn-Iƒ- c-Nn-®-sX∂v- ∂p-an-s√-∂pw- N-cn-{X-tc-J-I-fp-sS- ]n≥-_-e-an-s√-∂pw- a-\- n-
]-d-bp-tºmƒ,- B- hy-Iv-Xn-Iƒ- B-cm-Wv- F-∂v- Ir-Xy-am-bn- em-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv''.-
Nq-≠n-°m-Wn-°m-\p-≈- km-[y-X-I-sf-¶n-epw- ti-jn-t°-≠-Xp- C-tX- ss_-_n-fn¬-X-s∂- a-Øm-bn- F-gp-Xn-b- kp-hn-ti-
≠m-bn-cp-∂p.- Zu¿-`m-Ky-h-im¬- ssZ-h-\n-th-iw- kn-≤n-®- B- j-Øn-s‚- B-ap-J-Øn¬-\n-∂v-:- ""tb-ip-{In-kv-Xp-hn-s‚- A-t∏m-
hy-Iv-Xn-Iƒ- B-sc-∂v- k-`m-N-cn-{Xw- Ir-Xy-am-bn- Nq-≠n-°m- kv-X-e-∑m-cn-sem-cm-fm-b- a-Øm-bn- Cu- kp-hn-ti-jw- c-Nn-®p-
Wn-°p-∂n-√.- A-t∏m-kv-X-e-∑m-cn¬- Nn-e-cp-sS- t]-cp-Iƒ- ]pXn- F-∂m-Wv- B-Zy- \q-‰m-≠v- ap-X-ep-≈- hn-izm-kw.- a-Øm-bn-bp-
b-\n-b-a-Øn-se- c-N-\-I-fp-am-bn- _-\v-[-s∏-Sp-Øn- D-]-tbm-Kn- sS- kp-hn-ti-jw- F-∂- t]-cn¬- C-∂v- \-ap-°v- e-`n-®n-cn-°p-∂-
®p-h-cp-∂p-sh-¶n-epw,- B- t]-cp-Iƒ-°v- B- c-N-\-I-fp-am-bp-≈- kp-hn-ti-j-Øn-s‚- aq-e-cq-]w- H-∂mw- \q-‰m-≠n-s‚- A-h-km-
_-\v-[w- t]-cn¬- am-{X-am-Wv,- hy-Iv-Xn-I-fp-sS- N-cn-{X-hp-am-b-√- \-L-´-Øn¬- F.Un.- 75\pw- 90\pw- C-S-bv-°v- c-Nn-°-s∏-´-Xm-
F-∂X - m-Wv- G-sd- ]-cn-Xm-]I - c- w.- ]p-Xn-b\ - n-ba - Ø- n-se- G-sXm- sW-∂v- I-cp-X-s∏-Sp-∂p.- F-∂m¬- C-Xn-\v- ap-ºp-X-s∂- A-c-am-
cp- c-N-\-sb- kw-_-\v-[n-®pw- ta¬-]-d-™-Xv- _m-[-I-am-Wv.- a- b- `m-j-bn¬- {In-kv-Xp-hn-s‚- h-N-\-ß-fp-sS- H-cp- ti-J-c-tam-
Øm-bn-,- am¿-t°m-kv,-- eq-t°m-kv,- tbm-l-∂m≥- Xp-S-ßn-b-h- kp-hn-ti-jw- X-s∂-tbm- a-Øm-bn-bp-tS-Xm-bn- D-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-
cp-sS- t]-cp-I-fn¬- A-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂- kp-hn-ti-j-ßƒ- b-Ym¿-Y- sh-∂v- H-cp- ]m-cº- c
- y-ap-≠v.- C-Xv- hm-kvX
- h - a- m-bn-cn-°m≥- km[y-
Øn¬- B- \m-ep-t]¿- X-s∂- c-Nn-®-Xm-tWm- F-∂-Xv- C-∂pw-
X-bp-s≠-¶n-epw- {]-kv-Xp-X- kp-hn-ti-j-Øn-s‚- I-sø-gp-Øv-
kw-i-b-Øn-s‚- \n-g-en-em-Wv- \n-e-sIm-≈p-∂-Xv.- ""B-bn-cn-°m-
{]-Xn-sbm-∂pw- I-≠p-In-ń-bn-ń-√''.-
\n-Sb- p-≠v''- F-∂X - n¬- A-`b - w- I-s≠-Øp-Ib - m-Wv- k-`m-Nc - n{X-
Im-c-∑m¿- sN-bv-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.- ]p-Xn-b-\n-b-a-Øn-s‚- {]-[m-\- ""a¿-t°m-kn-s‚- B-ap-J-Øn¬-\n-∂v-:- ""hn-ip-≤- a¿-t°m-kv-
`m-K-hpw- ]u-tem-kn-b≥- {In-kv-Xp-a-X-Øn-s‚- s\-Spw-Xq-Wp-I- F.-Un.- 65\pw- 70\pw- C-S-bv-°v- tdm-an¬-sh-®v- Cu- kp-hn-ti-
fp-am-b- kp-hn-ti-j-ß-fp-sS- t]m-epw- H-cp- hy-Iv-X-am-b- N-cn{Xw- jw- F-gp-Xn-sb-∂m-Wv- ]-c-º-cm-K-X-am-b- hn-izm-kw''.- eq-°m-
k-`-Iƒ-°n-√.- tI-c-f- I-tØm-en-°m- ss_-_nƒ- I-Ωo-j≥- F-g-p-Xn-b- kp-hn-ti-j-Øn-s‚- B-ap-J-Øn¬-\n-∂v-:- ""F.-Un.-
]p-dØ - n-d° - n-b- ss_-_n-fn-se- D-≤c - W
- n-Iƒ- hn-iI - e- \
- w- sNbv- 70\pti-jw- {Ko-kn¬-\n-∂v- Cu- kp-hn-ti-jw- h-n-c-Nn-X-am-bn-
Xp-sIm-≠v- H-cp- ss_-_nƒ- \n-cq-]-W- Ir-Xn-bn¬- F-gp-Xp-∂Xv- F-∂v- I-cp-X-s∏-Sp-∂p''.-
C-{]-Im-c-am-Wv-:- tbm-l∂ - m≥- F-gp-Xn-b- kp-hn-ti-jØ - n-s‚- B-ap-JØ - n¬-
""B-Zy-Im-e-Øp-X-s∂- {In-kv-Xp-hn-s‚- {]-t_m-[-\-ß-fpw- \n-∂v-:- ""tb-ip-hn-s‚- in-jy-\m-b- tbm-l-∂m-\m-Wv- \m-em-a-
Po-hn-X-kw-`-h-ß-fpw- hm-sam-gn-bn¬- am-{Xw- H-Xp-ßn-\n¬-°m- sØ- kp-hn-ti-j-Øn-s‚- I¿-Øm-hv- F-∂v- ]m-c-º-cyw- km-
sX- en-Jn-X- cq-]Ø - n-epw- {]-Xy-£s - ∏-´p-Im-WW - w.- tb-ip-hns‚- £y-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.- F.-Un.- 95¬- F-t^-tkm-kn¬-sh-®v- C-Xn-
{]-t_m-[-\-ß-ƒ-°pw- -C-Ø-c-sam-cp- k-am-l-m-cw- X-s∂- D-≠m- s‚- c-N-\- ]q¿-Øn-bm-bn-cn-°-Ww- F-∂m-Wv- s]m-Xp-hm-bp-≈-
bn-cp-s∂-∂v- ]-Wv-Un-X-∑m¿- k-¶¬-]n-°p-∂p.- A-Xn-s\- Q ]-Wv-Un-X- a-Xw''.-
(Quelle) F-∂v- \m-a-I-c-Ww- sN-øp-∂-p.- kp-hn-ti-j-I-\m-b- ""tb-ip-hn-s\- ssZ-h-]p-{X-\m-°n-s°m-≠v- ]p-Xn-b-\n-b-a-sa-
aØm-bn- sl-{_m-b- `m-j-bn-se-gp-Xn-b-sX-∂v- I-cp-X-s∏-Sp-∂- gp-Xm≥- kp-hn-ti-j-I¿- Xp-\n-bp-I-tbm \n¿-_-\v-[n-X-cm-hpI-
h-N\ - k - w-ln-X- (Logia) C-°m-eØ - p-≠m-bn-cn-°W - w.- F-¶n-epw- tbm- sN-bv-X-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv tb-ip-hn-s\-°p-dn-® N-cn-{X-tc-J-
\-ap-°v- e-`n-®n-cn-°p-∂- \m-ev- -- kp-hn-ti-j-ß-fn¬- G-‰-hpw- ]p- Iƒ- A-h¿- \¬-Im-sX- t]m-bX - v.- b-lq-Z{- ]-am-Wn-am-cp-sS- \n¿_-
cm-X-\w- am¿-t°m-kv- c-Nn-®-XmsW-∂v- s]m-Xp-sh- I-cp-X-s∏- \v-[-Øn-\v- h-g-ßn- tdm-a≥- `-c-W-Iq-Sw- A-t\-Iw- hn-π-h-Im-cn-
a-\p-jy¿- ssZ-h-\n-th-in-X-am-bn- Fgp-Xn-b-Xv- F-∂- A¿-Y-Øn-em-Wv- A-h-bp-sS-

ssZ-hn-IX- - ]-cn-KW- n-°s- ∏-Sp-∂X - v.- a-\p-jy¿- F-gp-Xp-Ib- pw- ssZ-hw- Aw-Ko-Ic- n°p-
I-bpw- sN-øp-I- F-∂-Xn¬- k-¶o¿-W-am-b- {]-iv-\-ßƒ- \n-c-h-[n-bp-≠v.- A-tX-ka-
bw- ssZ-hw- A-hX - c- n-∏n- °
- p-Ib
- pw- a-\p-jy≥- F-gp-Xp- I
- b
- pw- sN-øp-I- F-∂X - v- as‰m-
cp-h-i-am-Wv.- c-≠pw- X-Ωnep-≈- `n-- ∂-X- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\-]-c-am-Wv.-
2006 sk-]v-‰w-_¿- 18
I-sf- Ip-cn-i-n-te-‰n-b-t∏mƒ- A-Xn-sem-cmƒ- tb-ip-hm-bn-cp-∂p- s‚- kp-hn-ti-j-a-√- ]p-d-Øp-h-∂-Xv.- A-t∏m-kv-X-en-Iv- k-`-bp-
sh-¶n¬- A-°m-e-sØ- N-cn-{Xt-c-J-I-fn¬- tb-ip- kv-Ym-\w-]n- sS- kp-hn-ti-ja - m-Wv.- A-Xp-sIm-≠v- tb-ip-hn-s\- kw-_\ - v[
- n®-
Sn-°m-\n-S-bn-√.- A-t±-l-sØ ssZ-h-]p-{X-\m-°n- ]p-\¿-\n¿-W- hn-izm-ktbm-Ky-am-b- hn-h-c-ßƒ- h-f-sc-Ip-d-t®- kp-hn-ti-j-
bw- sN-bv-X- ss_-_nƒ- C-d-ßn-b-Xv- tb-ip-hn-s‚- P-o-hn-X-Im- Øn-ep-≈q.- C-Xv- am¿-ń≥- ssU-_n-en-b-kv,- dp-tUmƒ-^v- _pƒ-
e-L´- Ø - n-\v- h-fs
- c- sIm-√ß - ƒ-°v- ti-ja - m-bn-cp-∂p. F-¶nepw- Sv-am≥- Xp-S-ß-n-b- {]-i-kv-X- \n-cq-]-I-∑m-cp-sS- A-`n-{]m-b-am-
tb-ip-hn-s\- A-dn-bm-hp-∂- A-t±-l-Øn-s‚- in-jy-∑m-cm-b- Wv.- (THE CHRIST OF FAITH AND THE JESUS OF HIS-
kphn-ti-j-I-∑m¿- A-∂pw- D-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.....''.- TORY-GABRIAL HERBERT) kp-hn-ti-jß - f - p-sS- A-\p_-
""tb-ip-hn-s\-Ip-dn-®p-≈- am¿-°n-s‚-bpw- am-Xyp-hn-s‚-bpw- \v-[-ß-fm-b- A-t∏m-kv-X-e-∑m-cp-sS- \-S-]-Sn-Iƒ-,- en-Jn-X-ßƒ,-
eq-°n-s‚-bpw- kp-hn-ti-j-ßƒ- hm-sam-gn-bm-bn- {]-N-cn-®-h-bm- sh-fn-]m-Sp-Iƒ,- k-¶o¿-Ø\ - ß- ƒ- F-∂n-h- a-X] - c- a- m-b- D-Zvt_m-
bn-cp-∂p.- tb-ip-hn-s‚- in-jy-∑m¿- ao≥-]n-Sn-Ø-°m-tcm,- A-h- [-\-ßƒ- Dƒ-s°m-≈p-∂- Ir-Xn-I-fm-Wv''.-
sc-t]m-ep-≈- sXm-gn-em-fn-I-fm-b- \n-c-£-c-tcm- B-bn-cp-∂p.- A- ""]p-Xn-b- ]p-kv-X-Iw- k-am-l-cn-°-s∏-´-t∏mƒ- A-Ø-cw- Ir-
t±-l-Øn-s‚- tIƒ-hn-°m-cn¬- F-√m-h-cpw- X-s∂- hn-Zym-`ym- Xn-I-sf- A-Xn-s‚- A-\p-_-\v-[-ß-fm-°n- am¿-°-kv- H-td-en-b-
k-an-√m-Ø-h-cm-bn-cp-∂p.- tb-ip-hp-am-bn- t\-cn-´v- k-º¿-°w- ]p- kn-s‚- `-c-W-Im-e-Øv- G-jy-bn-se- H-cp- ]p-tcm-ln-X≥- F-gpXn-
e¿-Øn-b- Bcpw- kw-`-h-ßƒ-°v- km-£yw- \n-∂n-ń-√.- Hm¿-a- b-Xm-Wv.- "t]m-fn-s‚- \-S] - S- n-Iƒ'- (Acts of Paul), t- Pm¨-- ]o‰¿,-
bn¬- H-Xp-ßn-\n-∂- hn-izm-k-ß-sf-bm-Wv- Im-e-{I-ta-W- `m-h- B≥-{Uq-kv,- tXm-a-kv- F-∂n-h-cp-sS- \-S-]-Sn-Iƒ- A-\-¥-c-Im-
\-IƒsIm-≠v- \n-dw- ]n-Sn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.- A-ß-s\-bm-Wv- Hm¿- e-Øv- hn-c-Nn-X-am-b-h-bm-Wv''- (a-tX-X-c- kp-hn-ti-jw-:- t]-Pv-
a-bn¬- \n-∂v- hm-sam-gn-I-fm-bpw- A-h-bn¬-\n-∂v- h-c-sam-gn-Ifm- 1˛3).-
bpw- kp-hn-ti-j-ßƒ- A-h-X-cn-®n-´p-≈-Xv''.- kp-hn-ti-j-ß-fpw- ]-p-Xn-b-\n-b-a-Øn-se- a-‰p- `m-K-ß-fpw-
""hm-sam-gn-bm-bn- {]-N-c-Ww- e-`n-®n-cp-∂- kp-hn-ti-j-ß-sf- A-h-bp-sS- b-Ym¿-Y-cq-]-Øn¬- \n-e-\n¬-°p-∂n-s√-∂v- hy-IvX-
ap≥-\n¿-Øn- Nn-e- sN-dn-b- ss{I-kv-X-h- k-aq-l-ßƒ- cq-]-w- am-Wv.- ap-If- n¬- ]-d™- - Im-cy-ßƒ- ]-cn-KW - n-°p-tºmƒ- kphn-
sIm-≠p.- Hm-tcm- k-aq-l-ßƒ-°pw-th-≠n- a-m-Xyp-hpw- am¿-t°m- ti-j-ß-fn¬- H-∂p-t]m-epw- A-t∏m-kv-X-e-∑m-cp-sS- Im-e-Øv-
kpw- eq-t°m-kpw- hy-Xy-kv-X-ß-fm-b- kp-hn-ti-j-ßƒ- {]-N- en-Jn-X- cq-]Ø - n¬- D-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-s√-∂v- a-\ - n-em-°mw.- hmsam-
cn-∏n-®p.- Cu- k-aq-l-ßƒ-s°m-∂pw- B-Zy-Im-e-Øv- Hu-]-Nm- gn-bm-bn- ssI-am-dn-h-∂p- F-∂v- I-cp-Xn-bm¬-X-s∂,- A-Xv- enJn-
cn-I-am-b- AwKo-Im-cw- e-`n-®n-cp-∂n-√.- A-Xn¿-Øn-Iƒ-°-∏p-d- X-cq-]-Øn-em-Ip-tºmƒ- am-‰w-h-c-p-I- kzm-`m-hn-I-am-Wv.- F.-Un.-
Øv- kp-hn-ti-j-ßƒ- {]-N-cn-®-t∏mƒ- kp-hn-ti-j-ß-fp-sS- Xm- H-∂mw- \q-‰m-≠n¬- c-Nn-°-s∏-´p- F-∂-Xv- tI-h-e- hn-izm-k-am-
c-X-ay-]-T-\w- Xp-S-ßn.- A-ß-s\- kp-hn-ti-j-ß-fp-sS- Nn-e- bn- ti-jn-°p-Ib - pw- A-Xn-\v- a-Xn-bm-b- N-cn-{X- ]n≥-_e - w- C√m-
{][m-\-`m-K-ßƒ-°v- sF-Iy-cq-]w- sIm-Sp-°m≥- X¬-]-c-I-£n- Xn-cn-°p- I
- bpw- sN-øp-∂X - n-t\m-Sp-Iq-Sn,- en-Jn-Xc- q-]Ø - n¬- \ne-
Iƒ-°v- I-gn-™p.- F-¶n-epw- \n-dw-]n-Sn-∏n-®- a-‰p-Nn-e- `m-K-ß- \n-∂n-cp-∂n-√- F-∂-Xp-Iq-Sn- tN¿-Øp-sh-®v- Nn-¥n-°p-tºmƒ-
sf- t`-Z-KXn- sN-øm≥- I-gn-™n-√.- kp-hn-ti-j-ß-f-n-se- {]-Xn- ]n¬-°m-e-Øv- A-h-bp-sS- au-en-I-L-S-\- Xn-c-kv-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-
]m-Zn-X- h-kv-Xp-X-I-sf- ]-c-kv-]-cw- s]m-cp-Ø-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm-\pw- hm-\p-≈- km-[y-X- h-f-sc- Iq-Sp-X-em-Wv.- {In-kv-Xp-hn-s\- ssZh-
Nn-e- B-i-b-ß-sf- Iq-ń-°-e¿-Øp-hm-\p-≈- b-Xv-\w- Xp-S¿-∂p- ]p-{X-\m-°n-s°m-≠pw- ]u-tem-kn-s‚- ho-£-W-ß-sf- B-[m-
sIm-≠n-cp-∂p F-∂v Nn-e- kp-hn-ti-j- i-I-e-ß-sf- Iq-ń-tb-m- c-am-°n-s°m-≠p-ap-≈- H-cp- ]p-Xn-b- ss{I-kv-X-h- hn-Nm-c[m-c-
P-n-∏n-®-Xn-\v- C-t∏mƒ- e`n-®n-´p-≈- I-sø-gp-Øv- {]-Xn-I-fpw- G- B-hn¿-`-hn-®-Xn-\p-ti-jw- tc-Jo-I-cn-°-s∏-´-h-bm-Wv- ]p-Xn-b-
Xm-\pw- {]m-N-o-\- {K-\v-Y-ß-fn¬-\n-∂p-≈- D-≤-c-Wn-I-fpw- km- \n-b-a-Ø-n-se- c-N-\-I-sf-∂v- hn-iz-kn-°p-∂-Xn-\v- ta¬-]-d-™-
£-n-\n¬-°p-∂p.- F.-Un.- 397¬- Im¿-tØ-Pn¬- k-`- k-tΩ-fn- km-l-N-cyw- t{]-c-I-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂p.- tc-Jo-I-cn-°-s∏-´-h-bp-sS-
®-t∏mƒ- Aw-Ko-Ic - n-®- ss_-_nfn¬-- ]-cn-jI v- c
- n-°p-Ib
- pw- kam- B-Zy-cq-]ß - ƒ-t]m-epw- e-`y-a√ - - F-∂X - pw- Ku-\n-t°-≠X - p-≠v.-
l-cn-°p-I-bpw -sN-bv-X- kp-hn-ti-j-ß-fm-Wv- D-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv.- {In-kv-Xp-hn-\p-ti-jw- A-t\-I-h¿-j-ßƒ- ]n-∂n-´v- Im-e-L-´-
C-t∏mƒ- {]-Nm-c-Øn-ep-≈- kp-hn-ti-j-ß-fp-sS- G-‰-hpw- ]-g- Øn¬- {I-n-kv-Xp-hn-s‚- A-[ym-]-\-ßƒ-°v- hn-cp-≤-am-bn- tcJo-
b- {]-Xn-Iƒ-°v- aq-∂mw- \q-‰m-≠n-te-sd- ]-g-°-an-s√-∂v- I-s≠- I-cn-°-s∏-´- kp-hn-ti-j-ß-fp-sS- X-s∂- B-Zy-{]-Xn-Iƒ- \n-e-
Øn-bn-´p-≠v.- B-Zyw- F-gp-Xn-b- {]-Xn-Iƒ- F-ß-s\- A-{]-Xy- \n¬-°p-∂n-√- F-∂-Xv- N-cn-{X-sa-∂- kz-`m-hw- ]p-Xn-b-\n-b-a-
£-am-sb-∂v- hy-Iv-X-a-√.- kp-hn-ti-j-ß-fn-se- B-i-b-ßƒ- k- Øn-\v- _m-[-I-a-s√-∂-Xn-s‚- sX-fn-hm-Wv.-
a-{Kam-bn- ]p-\-cm-hn-jv-I-cn-®-t∏mƒ- N-cn-{X-Øn-se- tb-ip-hn- ""Xn-cp-Ø¬- H-cp kw-{K-l-]-T-\w''- F-∂- ss{I-kv-X-h- km-
a-Øm-bn-,- am¿-t°m-kv,- eq-t°m-kv,- tbm-l-∂m≥- Xp-S-ßn-b-h-cp-sS- t]-cp-I-fn¬-

Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂- kp-hn-ti-j-ßƒ- b-Ym¿-Y-Øn¬- B- \m-ep-t]¿- X-s∂- c-Nn-®-Xm-
tWm- F-∂-Xv- C-∂pw- kw-i-b-Øn-s‚- \n-g-en-em-Wv- \n-e-sIm-≈p-∂-Xv.- ""B-bn-cn-
°m-\n-Sb
- p-≠v ''- F-∂X
- n¬- A-`b
- w- I-s≠-Øp-Ib
- m-Wv- k-`m-Nc- n-{X-Im-c∑
- m¿- sNbv-
Xn-cn°p-∂-Xv.-
2006 sk-]v-‰w-_¿- 19
ln-Xy-Ir-Xn-bn¬- \n-∂v- `n-∂-am-bn- ""a-tX-X-c- kphn-ti-jw''- ≠-Xv.- C-ßs - \- Dƒ-s]-Sp-Øs - ∏-Sm-sX- t]m-bh - b
- n¬- ]-e- kz`m-
F-∂- ss_-_nƒ- ]-T-\-Ir-Xn- \¬-Ip-∂- hn-h-c-ß-fp-sS- A-Sn- h-ß-fp-≈-h-bpw- D-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-:
kv-Ym-\-Øn¬- \-ap-°v- F-Øn-t®-cp-hm≥- I-gn-bp-∂- \n-K-a-\- 1.- {In-kv-Xp-hn-s‚- ssZ-h-]p-{X- hn-ti-j-W-sØ- kq-Nn-∏n-
ßƒ- C-h-bm-Wv-:- °p-I-t]m-epw- sN-øm-Ø-h.-
1.- ss_-_nƒ- ]p-Xn-b-\n-b-a-Øn-s‚- Im-cy-Øn¬-t]m-epw- 2.- B Nn-¥m-K-Xn-sb- kq-Nn-∏n-°p-∂-Xpw- F-∂m¬- hn-a¿-
hy-Iv-X-am-b- H-cp- s]m-Xp-N-cn-{X- k-ao-]-\w- B-hn-jv-I-cn-°p- in-®p-sIm-≠v- \n-tj-[n-°p-∂-h-bpw.-
hm≥- ss{I-kv-X-h- k-`-Iƒ-°v- km-[n-®n-ń-√.-
3.- {In-kv-Xp-hn-s\- H-cp- {]-hm-N-I≥- am-{X-am-bn- Nn-{Xo-I-cn-
2.- kp-hn-ti-j-ß-fpw- ]p-Xn-b-\n-b-a-Øn-se- C-X-c- c-N-\-I- °p-I-bpw- ssZ-h-]p-{X-hm-Zw,- C-X-c- ]u-tem-kn-b≥- ho-£-W-
fpw- A-h-bp-sS- c-N-bn-Xm-°-sf- Ir-Xy-am-bn- \n¿-W-bn-°m≥- ßƒ- F-∂n-hb - n-te-°v- I-S∂
- p-sN-√p-Ib - pw- sN-øm-Xn-cn-°p-∂h.-
km-[n-°m-Ø-hn-[w- Zp-cq-l-X-Iƒ- \n-d-™-Xm-Wv.-
4.- ]u-tem-kn-b≥- ho-£-W-ßƒ-X-s∂- B-h¿-Øn-
3.- c-N-bn-Xm-°-fm-bn- ]-cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-h¿-°v- A-h-bp- °p∂h.-
am-bp-≈- _-\v-[w- kw-i-bm-kv-]-Z-am-Wv.-
5.- ]p-Xn-b\ - n-ba
- Ø
- n¬- C-t∏mgp-≈- \m-ev- kphn-ti-jß - fn-
4.- C-∂s - Ø- ]p-Xn-b\ - n-ba - `- m-Kß
- ƒ- en-Jn-Xc - q-]Ø - n¬- B- se- B-i-b-ß-sf-bpw- ]-cm-a¿-i-ß-sf-bpw- ]u-tem-kn-s‚-
Zy-\q‰-m-≠p-I-fn-sem-∂pw- \n-e-\n-∂-n-cp-∂nń-√.- A-Xp-sIm-≠p- Xs∂- Nn-¥m-K-Xn-Iƒ- D-≤-cn-®v- \n-tj-[n-°p-∂-h.-
X-s∂- B-Zy-\q-‰m-≠p-I-fn¬-X-s∂- kp-hn-ti-j-ß-f-S-°-ap-≈-
]p-Xn-b\ - n-ba - `- m-Kß- ƒ- c-Nn-°s - ∏-ń-cp-∂p- F-∂- hm-ZK - X - n- Akv- C-Ø-cw- kp-hn-ti-j-ß-fpw- te-J-\-ß-fp-sa-√mw- H-∂n-®v-
Ym-\-Øm-Wv.- X-≈n-°-f-bp-I-bm-Wv- k-`-Iƒ- sN-bv-X-Xv- F-∂v- hy-Iv-X-am-Ip-
∂p.- ta¬-]-d-™- kz-`m-h-ß-tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b- c-N-\-Iƒ- sh-dpw-
5.- B-Zy-\q-‰m-≠p-Iƒ- ]n-∂n-´v- G-tXm- L-´-Øn¬- cw-K-Øp- km-¶¬-]n-I- h-kv-Xp-°-f-√.- A-h-bp-sS- km-∂n-[y-hpw kz-`mh-
h-cp-∂- ]p-Xn-b-\n-b-a-`m-K-ßƒ- X-s∂- ]n-∂o-Sv- [m-cm-f-am-bn- ß-fp-sa-√mw- ss{I-kv-X-h- N-cn-{X-Im-c-∑m-cp-sS- {i-≤-bn-¬- hcn-
Xn-cp-Øs - ∏-ń-cn-°m-\n-Sb - p-≠v.- ]u-tem-kn-b≥- {In-kX v- p-aX - Ø- n- I-bpw- A-h-sb-°p-dn-s®-√mw- N-cn-{X-Øn¬- F-gp-X-s∏-Sp-I-bpw-
s‚- ho-£-W-ß-sf- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\-am-°n-bp-≈- H-cp- Xn-cp-Ømbn- sN-bv-Xn-´p-≈-Xm-Wv.- Im-t\m-\n-I-a-√m-Ø-h-bpw- hn-Pm-Xo-b-
cn-°pw- A-Xv.- kz`m-htØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h-bpw- F-∂- \n-e-bn¬- A-h-sb-°-p-dn-
6.- C-∂-sØ- ]p-Xn-b-\n-b-a-Øn-s‚- L-S-\- ]n¬-°m-e-Øv- s®-√m-ap-≈- ]-cm-a¿-i-ßƒ- ss{I-kv-X-h- tc-J-I-fn¬- Im-Wm-
ss{I-kv-X-h- ]-Wv-Un-X-∑m¿- Iq-Sn-t®¿-∂v- Xo-cp-am-\n-®-Xm-Wv.- hp-∂-Xm-Wv.- F.-Un.- 429˛496 Im-e-b-f-hn¬- hm-Wncp-∂- K-te-
A-Xn-\v- {In-kv-Xp-hp-am-tbm- {In-kv-Xp-hn-s‚- t\¿-in-jy-∑m-cp- jy-kv- H-∂m-a≥- t]m-∏nt‚-Xm-bn- A-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂- ""K-te-jy≥-
am-tbm- H-cp- _-\v-[-hp-an-√.- Un-{In''- C-Ø-c-Øn¬- H-cp- tc-J-bm-Wv.- A-Xn¬- \n-tcm-[n-°-
7.- ]p-Xn-b-\n-b-a-Øn¬- Dƒ-s∏-Sp-Øm≥- hn-izm-k-]-c-am-b- s∏-Sp-I-tbm- X-≈-s∏-Sp-I-tbm- sN-bv-X- H-cp-]-‰w- {K-\v-Y-ß-sf-
tXm- a-t‰m- B-b- Im-cW - ß - f- m¬- km-[y-am-Im-sX-h∂ - - IrXnI °p-dn-®v- ]-cm-a¿-in-°p-∂p-≠v.- A-h-bn¬- H-∂m-Wv- {In-kv-Xp-hn-
ƒ- th-sd-bpw- [m-cm-fw- D-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.- A-h-sb- Xn-c-kv-I-cn°m- s‚- ]n¬-°me-- i-n-jy-∑m-cn¬- H-cm-fm-bn- ]p-Xn-b-\n-b-a-Øn-se-
\p-≈- Xo-cp-am-\w- ]u-tem-kn-s‚- ho-£W - Ø - n-e[ - n-jT v- n-Xa- mbn- ""A-t∏m-kv-X-e- {]-hrØn-Iƒ''- ]-cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂- _¿-W-
D-cp-Øn-cn-™p-h∂ - - k-Ì
- ƒ,- A-s√-¶n¬- Nn-e- a-Xt- a-[m-hnIƒ- _m-kn-s‚- t]-cn-ep≈- H-cp- kp-hn-ti-jw.- \n-tcm-[n-°-s∏-´-
F-Sp-Ø-Xm-bn-cn-°mw. Hcp-Iq-´w- {K-\v-Y-ß-fp-sS- Iq-sS- ]-d-b-s∏-´-Xp-sIm-≠v- am-{Xw-
- 8.- C-sX-√mw- H-cp- \n-jv-]-£- k-Xym-t\z-jn-sb- sIm-s≠ Hcp- {K-\v-Y-hpw- `q-an-bn¬- D-≠m-bn-ń-s√-t∂m- kzo-Im-cy-a-s√-
Øn-°p-∂-Xv,- ]p-Xn-b-\n-b-a-am-h-s´- G-sXm-cp- ss_-_nƒ- `mK- t∂m- hn-[n-°p-hm≥- I-gn-bn-√-t√m.- kzo-Im-cy-a-√m-Xm-Ip-I- F-
am-hs - ´- A-Xv- H-cp- \n-ebv° - pw- ssZ-hn-Ia - s- √-∂v- am-{X-a√ - ,- ssZh- ∂-Xv- B¿-°v- F-¥n-s‚- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\-Øn¬- F-∂n-ß-s\-bp-
\n-th-inX-w- F-∂- Ir-{Xn-a-hm-Zw-t]m-epw- A-h-bp-am-bn- _-\v[- ≈- tNm-Zy-ß-sf- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\-am-°n-bm-Wv- \n-e-sIm-≈p-∂-Xv.-
s∏-Sp-Øn- ]-d-bp-∂-Xp-X-s∂-bpw- Kp-cp-X-c-am-b- h-kv-XpXm-e-w- Nn-e¿-°v- kzo-Im-cy-a-√m-Ø- Ir-Xn-I-sf-∏-‰n- A-h- D-≠m-bn-ń-
L-\-am-Wv.- s√-∂v- A-h¿- ]-d-bp-∂-Xv- \n-c¿-Y-I-am-Wv.-
Nn-e- kp-hn-ti-j-ß-fpw- te-J-\-ß-fpw- ss_-_nƒ- ]p-Xn- _¿-W-_m-kn-s≥-d- k-p-hn-ti-jw-
b-\n-b-a-Øn-tem- ]-g-b-\n-b-a-Øn-tem- Dƒ-s]-Sp-Ø-s∏-Sm-sX- {In-kvX - p-hn-s‚- A-[ym-]\ - ß
- ƒ- F-∂- \n-eb - n¬- C-∂s - Ø-
t]m-b-Xv- F-¥p-sIm-≠v- kw-`-hn-®p- F-∂m-Wv- C-\n- Nn-¥n-t°- ]p-Xn-b\ - n-ba- Ø
- n¬- Dƒ-s°m-≈p-∂- ]-e- Im-cy-ßt- fm-Spw- iIv-
C-t∏mƒ- {]-Nm-cØ - n-ep-≈- kp-hn-ti-jß - f- p-sS- G-‰h

- pw- ]-gb
- - {]-Xn-Iƒ-°v- aq∂mw-
\q-‰m-≠n-te-sd- ]-g° - a- n-s√-∂v- I-s≠-Øn-bn-´p-≠v.- B-Zyw- F-gp-Xn-b- {]-Xn-Iƒ- Fß-
s\- A-{]-Xy-£a- m-sb-∂v- hy-IvX - a- √
- .- kp-hn-ti-jß - f- n-se- B-ib - ß
- ƒ- k-a{- Kambn-
]p-\c- m-hn-jvI
- c- n-®t- ∏mƒ- N-cn-{X-Øn-se- tb-ip-hn-s‚- kp-hn-ti-ja- √ - - ]p-dØ
- p-h∂-
Xv.- A-t∏m-kX v- e
- n-Iv- k-`b- p-sS- kp-hn-ti-ja- m-Wv.- A-Xp-sIm-≠v- tb-ip-hn-s\- kw_-
\v-[n-®- hn-izm-ktbm-Ky-am-b- hn-h-c-ßƒ- h-f-sc-Ip-d-t®- kp-hn-ti-j-Øn-ep-≈q.-
2006 sk-]v-‰w-_¿- 20
X-am-b- ssh-cp-[y-ap-≈-Xm-Wv- _¿-W-_m-kv- kp-hn-ti-j-Øn- {]-Xy-£-s∏-´- K-te-jy≥- Un-{In- F-∂- tc-J-bn¬- Cu- Ir-Xn-
s‚- D-≈S- ° - h- pw- L-S\ - b- pw.- {In-kvX - p-hn-s‚- ssZ-h] - p-{X- hnti- sb- ]-cm-a¿-in-°p-∂p-≠v- F-∂v- ss{I-kv-X-h- km-ln-Xy-Ir-Xn-
j-Ww,- {Xn-Xzw,- ]u-tem-kn-b≥- ho-£W - ß - ƒ- F-∂n-hs - b√mw- bm-b- ""C-kv-emw- kw-hm-Z''-Øn¬- ]-d-bp-∂p-:- ""_¿-W-_m-kn-
Cu- Ir-Xn-bn¬- \n-cm-I-cn-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p.- A-Xp-sIm-≠p-X- s‚- t]-cv- ]n-∂o-Sv- {]-Xy-£s - ∏-Sp-∂X - v- K-te-jy≥- Un-{In- F∂-
s∂- ss{I-kX v- h- k - `- I - ƒ-°v- Cu- Ir-Xn- kzo-Im-cy-am-Im-Xncn°p- t]-cn¬- A-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂- im-k-\-Øn-em-Wv.- Cu- tc-J-bn¬-
I- F-∂-Xv- kzm-`m-hn-I-am-Wv.- Cu- kp-hn-ti-j-sØ-°p-dn-®v- A\p-h-Zn-°-s∏-´-Xpw- Xn-c-kv-I-cn-°-s∏-´-Xp-am-b- Ir-Xn-I-fp-sS-
ss{I-kv-X-h- km-ln-Xy-ß-fn¬- Im-Wp-∂- \n-e-]m-Sp-Iƒ- C- H-cp- ]-ń-I- Im-Wmw.- A-ß-s\- Xn-c-kv-I-cn-°-s∏-´- Ir-Xn-Ifn¬-
hbm-Wv-:- _¿-W-_m-kn-s‚- kp-hn-ti-j-hpw- Dƒ-s∏-ń-cp-∂p.....''.-
1.- C-Xv- ap-kv-enw-I-fp-sS- kr-jv-Sn-bm-b- H-cp- kp-hn-ti-j- ""K-te-jy≥- Un-{In-bp-sS- Im-ew-:-˛ I-tØm-en-°m- ]m-c-º-
amWv.- cy-a\p-k-cn-®v- Cu- tc-J- F.-Un.- 429˛496 Im-e-b-f-hn¬- hm-W-
2.- b-Ym¿-Y-- C-©o-em-bn- C-Xn-s\- ap-kv-enw-Iƒ- D-b¿-Øn- ""K-te--jy-kv- H-∂m-a≥''- t]m-∏n-t‚-Xm-bn- A-h-Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂p''-
°m-´p-∂p-≠v.- (C-kv-emw- kw-hm-Zw-:- t]-Pv- 128˛129).-
3.- Jp¿-B\ - n-s‚- D-]t- Z-iß - s - f- \ym-bo-Ic - n-°m≥- C-Xv- apkv- ap-lΩ- Z- v- \-_n-()-bp-sS- B-Ka - \
- Ø- n-\v- H-cp- \q-‰m-≠v- apºm-
enw-Iƒ- D-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p.- Wv,- Cu- D-≤-c-Wn-bn-se- hn-h-c-{]-Im-cw t]m-∏v- K-tejy-kns‚-
4.- ap-l-Ω-Zv- \-_n-()-bp-sS- Im-e-hp-am-bn- h-f-sc- A-Sp-Ø- Im-ew.- A-t±-l-Ønt‚-Xm-bn- {]-Xy-£-s∏-´- Un-{In-bn¬- Cu-
Im-eØ - v- {]-Xy-£s - ∏-´X- n-\m¬- C-Xv- A-t±-ls - Ø- kzm-[o-\n®n- Ir-Xn- \n-tcm-[n-°-s∏-´- {K-\v-Y-ß-fp-sS- ]-ń-I-bn¬- Dƒ-s∏-Sp-
cp-∂p.- Øn-h-c-W-sa-¶n¬- A-Xn-\v- ap-ºv,- Np-cp-ßn-b-]-£w- H-cp- \q-‰m-
≠v- ap-sº-¶n-epw- B- Ir-Xn- \n-e-hn-ep-≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww.- B- co-
5.- A-t∏m-kvX - e - {- ]-hr-Øn-If - n¬- ]-cn-Nb - s - ∏-Sp-Øp-∂- _¿-
Xn-bn¬- Nn-¥n-°p-tºmƒ- {]-hm-N-I≥-()- h-cp-∂-Xn-\v- c-≠v-
W-_m-kv- A-√- Cu- kp-hn-ti-jw- c-Nn-®-Xv.-
\q-‰m-≠v- ap-ºv- tem-I-Øv- {]-Xy-£-s∏-´- H-cp- {K-\v-Y-am-Wv- _¿-
6.- ap-l-Ω-Zv- \-_n-bp-sS- h-c-hn-s\-°p-dn-®v- ]-d-bp-∂-Xp-sIm- W-_m-kv- kp-hn-ti-jw.- A-Xp-sIm-≠v,-- ap-kv-enw-Iƒ- c-Nn-®Xm-
≠v- ap-kv-enw-Iƒ-°v- kzo-Im-cy-am-Wv.- Wv- B- {K-\v-Yw- F-∂v- ]-d-bp-∂-Xv- _m-en-iw- am-{X-a-√,- hn-Uv-
7.- ]u-tem-kns\-Xn-cm-bn- B-hn¿-`-hn-®- Cu- Ir-Xn-bn¬- -Vn-- -Øhpw-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv.- ss{I-kv-X-h-hn-cp-≤-hpw- F-∂m¬- ap-kv-
A-t±-l-sØ- hn-a¿-in-°p-∂- ]-cm-a¿-i-ßƒ- D-≈-Xpw- ap-kvenw- enw- Nn-¥m-K-Xn-I-fn¬- Nn-e-Xn-s\- ]n-¥p-W-°p-I-bpw- sN-øp-
Iƒ- C-Xv- kzo-I-cn-°p-hm≥- Im-c-W-am-Wv.- ∂p- F-∂-Xn-s‚- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\-Øn¬- am-{Xw- _¿-W-_m-kv- kp-
ap-kve - nw-If - p-sS- kr-jvS- n-bm-Wv- _¿-W_ - m-kv- kp-hn-tijw- hn-ti-j-sØ- ap-kv-enw-I-fp-sS- D-Ø-c-hm-Zn-Ø-am-bn- Im-Wp-I-
F-∂X - v- _m-en-ia - m-b- H-cp- hm-ZK - X - n-am-{X-am-Wv.- Im-cW - w- ss{I- bm-sW-¶n¬- ss{I-kv-X-h-tem-I-Øv- {]-Xy-£-s∏-´- H-´-\-h-[n-
kv-X-h- ho-£-W-{]-Im-c-w-- ap-kv-enw-Iƒ- tem-I-Øv- B-hn¿-`-hn- c-N-\-I-fp-sS-bpw- D-Ø-c-hm-Zn-Øw- ap-kv-enw-I-fn¬- A¿-∏n-t°-
°p-∂-Xv- ap-l-Ω-Zv- \-_n-()-bp-sS- B-K-a-\-Øn-\v- ti-j-am-W- ≠n-h-cpw.- a-Øm-bn-bp-sS- t]-cn¬- A-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂- Im-t\m-\n-
t√m.- B- \n-ebv-°v,- _¿-W-_m-kv- kp-hn-ti-jw- Np-cp-ßn-b- I-a-√m-Ø- kp-hn-ti-jw- A-S-°-ap-≈-h- B- \o-≠- ]-ń-I-bn¬-
]-£w- ap-l-Ω-Zv- \-_n-()-bp-sS- Im-e-sØ-¶n-epw- ap-kv-enwIƒ- h-cp-sa-∂v- a-\- n-em-°m≥- ss{I-kv-X-h- N-cn-{X-Im-c-∑m¿-°v-
°n-Sb - n¬- D-≠m-bn-cn-°W - w.- F-∂m¬- A-Øc - s
- am-cp- c-N\
- sb- {]-bm-k-ap-≠mIm-\n-S-bn-√.-
°p-dn-®v,- F-¥n-t\-sd- _¿-W_ - m-kv- F-∂- \m-at- [-bw- t]mepw- b-Ym¿-Y-- C-©o-se-∂- \n-e-bn¬- _¿-W-_m-kv- kp-hn-ti-
Jp¿-B-\n-tem- {]-hm-N-I- h-N-\-ß-fn-tem- kz-lm-_n-I-fp-sS- j-sØ- ap-kv-enw-Iƒ- D-b¿-Øn-°m-´p-∂p- F-∂- ]-cm-a¿-i-hpw-
Po-hn-X-Øn-tem- I-S-∂p-h-∂n-ń-√.- G-sX-¶n-epw- kz-lm-_n-I- hm-Z-K-Xn-bpw- A-kv-Ym-\-Øp-X-s∂-bm-Wv.- Im-c-Ww- C-©o-en-
tfm,- ]n≥-Km-an-I-tfm- _¿-W-_m-kv- kp-hn-ti-j-sØ-°p-dn-®v- s\- kw-_-\v-[n-®p-≈- b-Ym¿-Yhpw- A-b-Ym¿-Y-hpw- Xo-cp-am-
kq-N-\-t]m-epw- \¬-In-bn-ń-√.- A-Xp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂- B- Ime- \n-°m-\p-≈- am-\-Z-Wv-Uw- ap-kv-enwIƒ-°v- Jp¿-B≥- \¬-Ip-
L-´Ø - n-se- ap-kve - nw-Iƒ-°v- Cu- Ir-Xn- A-]c - n-Nn-Xa - m-bn-cp∂p.- ∂p-≠v.- Cu-km-\_ - n-()- F-∂- {]-hm-NI - Z- q-X\
- v- {k-jSv- m-hmb-
F-∂m-¬- ap-kve - nw-Iƒ-°v- A-]c - n-Nn-Xa - m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n-epw,- a-lm-i-Iv-Xn- A-h-X-cn-∏n-®p-sIm-Sp-Ø- {K-\v-Yw- F-∂m-Wv- Jp¿-
_¿-W-_m-kv- kp-hn-ti-jw- F.-Un.- A-©mw- \q-‰m-≠n¬- \ne- B≥- C-©o-en-s\- ]-cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv.- Cu- B-i-b-Øn-
\n-∂n-cp-∂p- F-∂-Xn-s‚- kq-N-\-Iƒ- ss{I-kv-X-h- k-`m-N-cn{X- se- ""C-d-°n-s°m-Sp-°p-I''- A-Y-hm- A-h-X-cn-∏n-°p-I- F-∂-
Øn¬- e-`y-am-Wv.- F.-Un.- A-©mw- \q-‰m-≠n-s‚- a-[y-Øn¬- L-S-\-sb- ss{I-kv-X-h¿- \n-cm-I-cn-°p-∂p-≠v- (Xn-cp-Ø¬- Hcp-
ap-ke v- nw-Iƒ- tem-IØ

- v- B-hn¿-`h- n-°p-∂X
- v- ap-lΩ
- Z- v- \-_n-(k)-bp-sS- B-Ka- \
- Ø
- n\v-
ti-ja- m-Wt- √m.- B- \n-ebv°- v,- _¿-W_ - m-kv- kp-hn-ti-jw- Np-cp-ßn-b] - £
- w- apl-
Ω-Zv- \-_n-()-bp-sS- Im-e-sØ-¶n-epw- ap-kv-enw-Iƒ-°n-S-bn¬- D-≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww.-
F-∂m¬- A-Ø-c-sam-cp- c-N-\-sb-°p-dn-®v,- F-¥n-t\-sd- _¿-W-_m-kv- F-∂- \m-a-
t[-bw- t]m-epw- Jp¿-B-\n-tem- {]-hm-N-I- h-N-\-ß-fn-tem- kz-lm-_n-I-fp-sS- Pohn-
X-Øn-tem- I-S-∂p-h-∂n-ń-√.-
2006 sk-]v-‰w-_¿- 21
kw-{K-l-]-T-\w- t]-Pv- 24 t\m-°p-I).- ]-t£,- Jp¿-B-\n-s‚- D-≠m-bn-cn-°p-I- F-∂-Xv- a-s‰m-cp- hn-j-b-am-Wv.- A-Xv- ap-kvenw-
B-i-bw- A-h-X-cn-∏n-°p-I- A-Y-hm- C-d-°p-I- F-∂p-X-s∂-bm- I-fp-sS- B-hi - y-{]-Im-ctam,- C-kev- m-an-s‚- Xm¬-]c - y-{]-Im-ctam-
Wv.- Jp¿-B≥- h-N-\w- t\m-°p-I-:- D-≠m-bn-´p-≈- km-ay-X-I-f-√- F-∂-Xm-Wv- {i-≤n-t°-≠n-bn-cn-
""A-h-sc- (B- {]-hm-N-I-∑m-sc)- Xp-S¿-∂v- A-h-cp-sS- Im-¬- °p-∂-Xv.- F-∂m¬- ss{I-kv-X-h- I-r-Xn-bn¬- ]-d-bp-∂- Nn-e-
]m-Sp-I-fn-em-bn-s°m-≠v- a¿-b-an-s‚- a-I≥- Cu-km-sb- X-s‚- ]cm-a¿-i-ßƒ- t\m-°p-I-:-
ap-ºn-ep-≈- Xu-dm-Øn-s\- i-cn-sh-°p-∂-h-\m-bn-s°m-≠v- \mw- ""_¿-W_ - m-kn-s‚- kp-hn-ti-jØ - n¬- C-ke v- m-an-I- Nn-¥mK-
\n-tbm-Kn-®p.- k-∑m¿-K-\n¿-tZ-i-hpw k-Xy-{]-Im-i-hpw- A-S-ßn- Xn-sb- k-lm-bn-°p-∂- {]-kv-Xm-h-\-Iƒ- D-≈-Xn-\m¬......''.-
b- C-©o-epw- A-t±-l-Øn-\v- \mw- \¬-In.- A-Xn-s‚- ap-ºn-ep- ""......- ss_-_n-fn-s\-Xn-cm-bn-´p-≈- Jp¿B-s‚- D-]t- Z-iß - fp-
≈- Xu-dm-Øn-s\- i-cn-sh-°p-∂-Xpw- kq-£v-a-X- ]m-en-°p-∂- sS- \ym-bo-I-c-W-Øn-\v- ap-kv-enw-Iƒ- an-°-hm-dpw- B-{i-bn-°p-
h¿-°v- am¿-K-Z¿-i-\-hpw -k-Zp-]-tZ-i-hp-as{X-A-Xv''.- C©o-en- ∂Xv- - _¿-W-_m-kn-s‚- kp-hn-ti-j-sØ-bm-Wv.....''- (C-kv-emw-
s\-°p-dn-®v- Jp¿-B-\n¬- F-hn-sS-bpw- _¿-W-_m-kv- kp-hn- kw-hm-Zw-:- t]-Pv- 125).-
ti-j-sa-∂v- ]-d-™n-ń-√m-Ø-Xp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂- ap-kv-enw-Iƒ-
_¿-W_ - m-kn-s‚- kp-hn-ti-jØ - n-s‚- D-≈S- ° - Ø - n-\v- DØ-
b-Ym¿-Y- C-©o-em-bn- _¿-W-_m-kv- kp-hn-ti-j-sØ- Im-Wp-
c-hm-Zn-Iƒ- ap-kv-enw-I-f-√- F-∂v- am-{X-a-√-,- A-Xn-se- G-sX-¶n-
∂p-sh-∂- ]-cm-a¿-i-hpw- B- Nn-¥m-K-Xn-bpw- i-cn-b-√-:- ""tb-ip-
{In-kv-Xp-hn-s‚- Po-hn-X-Øn-s‚-bpw- D-]-tZ-i-ß-fp-sS-bpw- A- epw- ]-cm-a¿-i-ßƒ- ap-kv-enw-Iƒ- B-[n-Im-cn-I- a-X-tc-J-bmbn-
¥n-a-am-b- k-Xyw- Cu- ]p-kv-X-I-Øn-em-Wv- Im-Wp-hm≥- I-gn- \m-fn-Xp-hs - c- D-]t- bm-Kn-®v- I-≠n-´p-an-√.- hn-izm-k] - c - t- am- BZ¿-
bp-∂-Xv- F-∂v- ]-d-bp-hm≥- ap-kv-enw-Iƒ- t{]-cn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-Ibm- i-]-c-tam- B-b- ]-cn-K-W-\- _¿-W-_m-kv- kp-hn-ti-j-Øn-\v-
Wv.- tb-ip- ssZ-h]p-{X-\-√- F-∂pw- A-h≥- {Iq-in-°-s∏-ń-ń- ap-kv-enw-Iƒ- I¬-]n-°p-∂n-√- F-∂-Xv- h-kv-Xp-X-bm-Wv.-
√- F-∂pw- ap-l-Ω-Zn-s‚- h-c-hn-s\-°p-dn-®v- tb-ip- {]-h-Nn-®n-´p- ss_-_n-fn-s\-Xn-cm-b- Jp¿B-\n-s‚- D-]t- Z-iß - s - f- \ymbo-
≠v- F-∂pw- a-‰p-am-Wv- {]-kv-Xp-X- {K-\v-Y-Øn¬- B-tcm-]n-®n-cn- I-cn-°m≥- _¿-W-_m-kv- kp-hn-ti-jw- ap-kv-enw-Iƒ- D-]-tbm-
°p-∂-Xv-.- B-I-bm¬- tb-ip-hn-\v- \¬-In-b- b-Ym¿-Y- C-©o¬- Kn-°p-∂p- F-∂-Xv- C-kv-em-an-s\-Xn-cm-bn-´p-≈- H-cp- Zp-cm-tcm-]-
A-Xm-Wv- F-∂p-t]m-epw- Nn-e- ap-kv-enw-Iƒ- hn-iz-kn-°p-∂-p''- W-am-Wv.- Jp¿-B-\n-s‚- \n-e-]m-Sp-I-sf- \ym-bo-I-cn-°p-hm≥-
(C-kv-emw- kw-hm-Zw-:- t]-Pv- 125˛126).- a-t‰-sX-¶n-epw- _m-ly-{]-am-W-ßƒ- C-kv-em-an¬- B-h-iy-am-
C-kv-em-an-s‚- B-i-b-ß-f-n¬- G-Xn-s\-sb-¶n-epw- ]n-¥p- bn- h-cp-∂n-√- F-∂-Xm-Wv- h-kv-Xp-X.- F-∂m¬- Jp¿-B-\n-se-
W-°p-∂p- F-∂X - n-s‚- t]-cn¬- am-{Xw- _¿-W_ - m-kv- kp-hnti- Nn-e- B-i-b-ß-tfm-Sv- _¿-W-_m-kv- kp-hn-ti-j-Ø-n-se- Bi-
jw- b-Ym¿-Y-- C-©o¬- B-sW-∂v- ap-kv-enw-Iƒ- hn-iz-kn-°m≥- b-ßƒ- km-ay-am-hp-I- F-∂-Xv,- Jp¿-B≥- A-Xn-s\- B-{i-bn-
t]m-Ip-∂n-√.- A-ßs - \-sbm-cp- B-tcm-]W - w- A-Sn-kY v- m-\c- l
- nX- °p-∂-Xp-sIm-≠-√- F-∂v- hn-a¿-i-I¿- a-\- n-em-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.-
am-Wv.- G-Xv- C-kve- m-an-I- {]-am-Wß - f - n¬- F-hn-sS-bm-Wv- AØ- _-¿-W-_m-kv- kp-hn-ti-j-Øn-se- Nn-e- Bi-b-ßƒ-°v- kXy-
c-sam-cp- ]-cm-a¿-i-ap-≈-sX-∂m-Wv- Nq-≠n-°m-Wn-t°-≠n-bn-cn- hp-am-bn- _-\v-[-ap-≠m-bn-cn-°m-w- F-∂- ho-£-W-sØ- \ym-bo-
°p-∂-Xv.- G-sX-¶n-epw- ]n¬-°m-e- ap-kv-enw- Nn-¥-I-∑m¿- _¿- I-cn-°m-\m-bn- Jp¿-B-\n-s\-bm-Wv- Nn-e- ap-kv-enw-Iƒ- D-]-tbm-
W-_m-kv- kp-hn-ti-j-Øn-\v- C-©o-en-s‚- ]-hn-{X-X-bpw- ]-cnK- Kn-®p-Im-Wp-∂-Xv˛hn-a¿-i-I¿- [-cn-°p-∂-Xp-t]m-se- Xn-cn-®v-˛A-
W-\b - pw- \¬-Ip-Ib - pw- B- ]-hn-{XX-bpw- ]-cn-KW - \- b - pw- Ah¿- √.- A-Y-hm- Jp¿-B-\n-s\- kv-Yn-co-I-cn-°m-\pw- k-Xy-s∏-Sp-Øp-
F-gp-Xp-I-tbm- {]-N-cn-∏n-°p-I-tbm- sN-bv-Xn-´p-s≠-¶n¬- X-s∂- hm\pw- _¿-W-_m-kv- kp-hn-ti-j-sØ- ap-kv-enw-Iƒ- D-]-tbm-
A-h-sbm-∂pw- _¿-W-_m-kv- kp-hn-ti-j-sØ- C-kv-emw-a-Xw- Kn-°p-∂n-√-.-
b-Ym¿Y- C-©o-em-bn- Im-Wp-∂p- F-∂- hm-Z-K-Xn-°v- sX-fn-hp- ap-lΩ - Z- v\
- _- n-()-bp-sS- Nn-¥m-KX - n-Is
- f- Cu- Ir-Xn- kzm[o-
I-fm-bn-Øo-cp-∂n-√.- \n-®n-cn-°mw- F-∂X - n-te-°v- I-S∂
- p-sN-∂p-sIm-≠v- ss{I-kvX - h-
C-kv-em-an-s‚- \n-e-]m-Sp-I-sf- k-lm-bn-°p-∂- kz-`m-h-Øn- Ir-Xn-bn¬- C-{]-Im-cw- ]-d-bp-∂p-:- ""F.-Un.- 550˛600 Im-e-L-´-
ep-≈- H-cp- IrXn-bm-Wn-Xv- F-∂- hm-Z-hpw- \n-c¿-Y-I-bm-Wv.- Øn¬- _¿-W-_m-kn-s‚- kp-hn-ti-jw- F-∂- t]-cn-¬- A-dn-b-
{]hm-N-I-s‚- Im-e-Øn-\v- ap-ºp-X-s∂ tem-I-Øv- \n-e-hn-ep- s∏-ń-cp-∂- t\m-kv-‰n-Iv- Nn-¥m-K-Xn-Iƒ- A-S-ßn-b- H-cp- Ir-Xn-
≠m-bn-cp-∂- H-cp- {K-\vY- w- C-kve - m-an-s\- k-lm-bn-°p-I- F∂Xv- {]-Nm-cØ - n¬- D-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-cn-°mw- F-∂X - n-\v- {]-tXy-I- {]m[m-
kw-`-hy-a-√.- C-kv-em-an-s‚- Nn-e- B-i-b-ß-fp-am-bn- _¿-W-_m- \yw- C-hn-sS- \¬-I-s∏-Sp-∂p.- A-Xv- ap-l-Ω-Zn-s‚- Im-e-tØmSv-
kv- kp-hn-ti-j-Øn-se- ]-cm-a¿-i-ßƒ-°v- Nn-e- k-m-ay-X-Iƒ- h-f-sc- k-ao-]n-®pw- C-cp-∂p.- ]-t£,- {In-kv-Xo-b- k-`-bn-se-
G-sX-¶n-epw- ss_-_nƒ- c-N\ - b- p-sS- Im-cy-Øn¬- ap-kve - nw-Iƒ- kz-¥a- m-bn- Ir{Xna-
am-b- H-cp- Ncn-{Xw- D-≠m-°n-bX- m-bn- ss{I-kvX- h
- - N-cn-{X-Im-c∑ - m¿-°v- \m-fn-Xphsc-
sX-fn-bn-°mt\m- hm-Zn-°m≥- t]m-ep-tam- Ign-™n-ń-√.- ap-kve - nw-Is- f- kw-_\- v[
- n®-
k-`mN-cn-{X- ho-£-W-ß-fn¬- \n-∂p-X-s∂- A-h¿-°m-h-iy-am-b- sX-fn-hp-Iƒ-
In´p∂-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv- ]p-Xn-b- \n-b-a-Øn-se-tbm- ]-g-b-\n-b-a-Øn-se-tbm- H-scm-‰-
c-N-\bp-sS-bpw- c-N-bn-Xm-hv- B-sc-∂v- hy-Iv-X-a-s√-∂v- ]-d-bp-∂-Xpw.
2006 sk-]v-‰w-_¿- 22
{]-[m-\-s∏-´-h¿- A-sXm-cp- I-r-{Xn-a- Ir-Xn-bm-sW-∂v- hn-[n-sb- G-sXm-cp- A¬-]-Pv-R-\pw- ss{I-kv-X-h- k-aq-l-Øn-\v- ]p-d-Øv-
gp-Xn-bn-cp-∂p.- bm-Ym-kv-Yn-Xn-I- {In-kv-Xym-\n-I-fp-sS- ]m-c-ºcy- \n-es
- Im-≈p-∂- G-sXm-cp- hy-IvX - n-°p-t]m-epw- A-dn-bm-\n-Sb - m-
Øn¬- \n-∂pw- C-Xp-t]m-se-bp-≈- Nn-e- A-dn-hn-s‚- c-iv-an-Iƒ- Ipw-hn-[Ø- n¬- _¿-W_ - m-kv- kp-hn-ti-jw- A-∂s - Ø- ss{Ikv-
`m-h-\-bn¬-Iq-Sn- ap-l-Ω-Zn-s‚- ]-cn-an-X-am-b- {In-kv-Xo-b- ]-cnPv- X-h-k-aq-l-Øn¬- Nn-c-]-cn-Nn-X-am-bn-cn-°-Ww.- Cu- c-≠v- hi-
Rm-\-Øn-te-°v- I-S-∂p-h-∂n-´p-≠m-Imw.- hm-kv-X-h-Øn¬- {In- ß-fn¬- G-Xv- `m-KØ - m-Wv- ss{I-kvXh - ¿- \n-es
- Im-≈p-∂s - X∂v-
kv-Xo-b- ]m-c-º-cy-ß-fp-sS- A-]q¿-W-am-b- Nn-e- tI-´p-tIƒ-hn- hy-Iv-X-am-t°-≠- Np-a-X-e- A-h¿-°p-X-s∂-bm-Wv.- ap-l-Ω-Zv-
I-fp-sS- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\-Øn¬- ap-l-Ω-Zv- a-\- n-em-°n-bn-´p-≈- Im- \-_n-()-sb- sN-dp-Xm-bn- Im-Wn-°m-\m-bn- _¿-W_ - m-kv- kphn-
cy-am-Wv- Jp¿-B\ - n¬- Im-Wp-∂- {In-kvX - p-hn-s\-Ip-dn-®p-≈- _m- ti-jw- {In-kv-Xym-\n-Iƒ- Aw-Ko-I-cn-®n-cp-∂-Xm-bn- k-Ω-Xn-°p-
en-i-am-b- Nn-e- {]-kv-Xm-h-\-Iƒ''- (C-kv-ew- kw-hm-Zw-:- t]-Pv- I-bm-tWm-,- A-X-√- _¿-W-_m-kv- kp-hn-ti-jw- ss{I-kv-Xh¿-
128). Aw-Ko-I-cn-®n-cp-∂n-√- F-∂-Xv- kzo-I-cn-®v- ap-l-Ω-Zv- \-_n-()-
_¿-W-_m-kn-s‚- kp-hn-ti-jw- F-∂- t]-cn¬- A-dn-b-s∏- s°-Xn-cm-b- Zp-cm-tcm-]-W-ß-ƒ,- A-Y-hm- {]-hm-N-I-s\- _¿W-
ń-cp-∂- Ir-Xn- ss{I-kv-X-h-tem-I-Øm-bn-cp-∂p- {]-Nm-c-Øn-e-p- _m-kv- kp-hn-ti-jw- kzm-[o-\n-®p- F-∂- B-tcm-]-Ww- A-h¿-
≠m-bn-cp-∂X - v.- A-Xv- {]-Nm-cØ - n¬- h-∂X - m-hs - ´- ap-lΩ
- Z- v- \_n- ]n≥-h-en-°-p-Ibm-tWm- th-≠-Xv?-
()- B-KX - \
- m-Ip-∂X - n-\v- \q-‰m-≠p-Iƒ-°v- ap-ºp-am-Wv.- ap-lΩZv- _¿-W-_m-kv- kp-hn-ti-jw- F-gp-Xn-b-Xv A-t∏m-kv-X-e-
\-_n-()- Po-hn-®- k-aq-l-Øn-tem- k-ap-Zm-b-Øn-tem- Nn-c-]cn- {]hr-Øn-I-fn¬- ]-d-bp-∂- A-tX- _¿-W-_m-kv- A-s√-∂- hm-
Nn-X-am-bn-cp-∂p- _¿-W-_m-kv- kp-hn-ti-j-sa-¶n¬- A-Xn-∂¿ Z-K-Xn-°v- sX-fn-hm-bn- ss{I-kv-X-h¿- D-∂-bn-°p-∂-Xv,- ]u-tem-
Yw- c-≠mWv.- kn-s‚- D-]-tZ-i-ßƒ-°v- _¿-W-_m-kv- kp-hn-ti-jw- F-Xn-cm-
1.- A-∂-sØ- ss{I-kv-X-h¿-°n-S-bn¬- B-[n-Im-cn-I-am-bn- Ip-∂p- F-∂-Xm-Wv.- ]u-tem-kn-s‚- D-]-tZ-i-ß-sf- _¿-W-_m-
]-cn-K-Wn-°-s∏-ń-cp-∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p- _¿-W-_m-kv- kp-hn-tiw.- kv- kp-hn-ti-j-Øn-s‚- kzo-Im-cy-X- \n¿-W-bn-°m≥- am-\-Z-
2.- A-°m-e-Øv- ss{I-kvX-h¿- a-‰p- kp-hn-ti-j-ß-sf-sb- Wv-U-am-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p- F-∂¿-Y-w.- _¿-W-_m-kv- kp-hn-ti-
√mw- X-≈n-°-f-™v- _¿-W-_m-kv- kp-hn-ti-j-am-Wv- Aw-KoI- jw- X-≈n-°-f-bm-\p-≈- Im-c-Ww- hy-Iv-X-am-°p-I-bm-Wv- Cu-
cn-®n-cp-∂-Xv.- \n-e]m-Sn-eq-sS- b-Ym¿-Y-Øn¬- kw-`-hn-°p-∂-Xv-.- ]u-tem-kn-
s‚- D-]-tZ-i-ß-sf- ]n-¥p-W-°p-∂- H-cp- Ir-Xn-bm-bn-cp-∂p- _¿-
Cu- c-≠v- A¿-Yß - f- pw- ss{I-kvX - h
- ¿- Aw-Ko-Ic - n-°p-sa∂v-
W-_m-kv- kp-hn-ti-j-sa-¶n¬- H-cp-]-t£,- ]p-Xn-b-\n-b-a-Øn-
tXm-∂p-∂n-√.- A-Xn-\m¬,- ap-l-a-Zv- \-_n-()-bp-sS- Im-e-Øv-
se- kp-hn-ti-jß - f- n¬- A-©m-at- Ø-Xm-bn- _¿-W_ - m-kn-s‚-
_¿-W_ - m-kv- kp-hn-ti-jw- Nn-c]- c
- n-Nn-Xa
- m-bn-cp-∂p- F-∂- hmZ-
kp-hn-ti-js - Ø- \-ap-°v- Im-Wm-am-bn-cp-∂p- F-∂t- √- A-Xn\¿-
K-Xn- ss{I-kv-X-h-sc-bm-Wv- tZm-j-I-c-am-bn- _m-[n-°p-I,- apkv-
Y-w?- C-kv-emw- kw-hm-Z-Øn¬- F-gp-Xp-∂p-:-
enw-I-sf-b-√.-
""Cu- ]p-kvX- I
- Ø
- n-s‚- F-gp-Øp-Im-c≥- ]u-tem-kn-s‚- D]-
a-s‰-m-cp-Im-cyw,- ss{I-kv-X-h-cp-sS- ]m-c-º-cy-ß-fn¬-\n-∂v-
tZ-i-ß-sf-˛{]-tXy-In-®pw- ]-cn-tO-Z-\-sb- kw-_-\v-[n-®v- i-Iv-
Nn-e- A-dn-hn-s‚- c-iv-an-Iƒ- am-{X-am-bn-cn-°mw- ap-l-Ω-Zv- \-_-n-
Xn-bp-Iv-Xw- F-Xn¿-°p-∂p.- am-{X-a-√,- {In-kv-Xo-b- hn-izm-k-ß-
()-bp-sS- `m-h-\-bn¬- I-b-dn-°q-Sn-b-Xv- F-∂- \n-K-a-\w- i-cnbm-
fm-b- tb-ip-ssZ-h- ]p-{X-\m-sW-∂p-≈-Xpw,- A-h-s‚ {Iq-io-I-
sW-¶n¬- ss{I-kv-X-h- N-cn-{X-`m-jy-{]-Im-cw- H-cn-°-epw- ap-l-
c-Ww,- a-c-Ww,- ]p-\-cp-∞m-\w- F-∂o- Im-cy-ß-fpw- A-h≥- F-
Ω-Zv- \-_n-()-_¿-W_ - m-kv- kp-hn-ti-js - Ø-∏‰ - n- tI-ń-cn-°m≥-
Xn¿-°p-∂p.- Cu- ]p-kv-X-I-Øn-se- {]-kv-Xm-h-\-Iƒ- ap-gp-h-
t]m-epw- km-[-y-X-bn-√- F-∂-Xm-Wv.- Im-c-Ww,- k-aq-l-Øn¬-
\pw- ]u-tem-kn-s\- {]-tXy-In-®pw- I-p-‰-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂- \n-e-bnep-
]-c-s°- A-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xpw- {]m-Y-an-I- kz-`m-h-ß-tfm-Sv- Iq-Sn-
≈-Xm-Wv.- am-{X-a-√,- ]u-tem-kn-\pw- A-h-s‚- D-]-tZ-i-ßƒ-
b-h-bp-am-b- A-dn-hp-I-fm-W-t√m- G-sXm-cp- hy-Iv-Xn-sb-bpw- {]-
tXy-In-®v- B- k-aq-l-Øn-\v- ]p-d-Øv- \n-e-sIm-≈p-∂- hy-Iv-Xn- °pw- I-S-I-hn-cp-≤-am-b- \n-e-]m-Sm-Wv- A-h-\p-≈-Xv.- Iq-Sm-sX-
sb,- B-I¿-jn-°p-Ib - pw- kzm-[o-\n-°p-Ib - pw- sN-øp-I.- A-Xn\m ]u-tem-kn-s‚- {]-kw-K-sØ-bpw- D-]-tZ-i-ß-sf-bpw- \n-in-X-
¬- ss{I-kvX - h
- ¿- \n-cm-Ic - n-®- H-cp- Ir-Xn-bm-bn-cp-∂p- _¿-W_m- am-bn- hn-a¿-in-°p-Ib- pw- sN-øp-∂p-.- C-u- ]p-kvX
- I
- Ø
- n-s‚- Fgp-
kv- kp-hn-ti-j-sa-¶n¬- ap-l-Ω-Zv-\-_n-()- ss{I-kv-X-h-cn¬- Øp-Im-c≥- B-cm-sW-∂p-≈-Xn-s‚- i-Iv-X-am-b- sX-fn-hp-I-fm-
\n-∂v- B- Ir-Xn-sb-°p-dn-®v- H-∂pw- tIƒ-°m-\n-S-bn-√.- a-dn-®v,- Wv- A-h''- (C-kv-emw- kw-hm-Zw-:- t]-Pv- 132).-
tIƒ-°m-\n-S- h-∂n-cp-∂p- F-∂m-sW-¶n¬- ss{I-kv-X-h-cn-se- A-t∏m-kv-X-e-\m-b- ]u-tem-kn-s‚- Nn-¥m-K-Xn-I-fp-am-bn-
a-\p-jy-cn¬-\n-∂v- G-Xm-\pw- t]-sc- sX-cs- ™-Sp-Øv- ssZ-hw- A-hs- ‚- h-N\ - ß

- ƒ-
F-gp-Xm≥- G¬-]n-°p-I- F∂- hm-Z-K-Xn-sIm-≠v- \ym-bo-I-cn-°-s∏-Sm-hp-∂-X-√-
ss_-_n-fn-s‚- ssZ-hn-I-X.- ]-e- kz-`m-h-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b- ]-e- Ir-Xn-Iƒ-,- ]-e-cm¬-
]-eI- m-eß
- f- n¬- ]-et- Z-iß- f- n-em-bn- c-Nn-°s- ∏-Sp-Ib - pw A-hb
- {- X-bpw- ssZ-hnIam-
Wv- F-∂v- hn-iz-kn-°p-∂X - n-\m-bn- ""A-h- G-Ih - y-IX
v- n-bm¬- F-gp-Xs- ∏-´- G-I{- K\vY-
ambn-t´- tXm-∂p-I-bp-≈q''- F-∂v- ]-d-bp-I-bpw- sN-øp-∂-Xv- bp-Iv-Xn-k-l-a-√.-
2006 sk-]v-‰w-_¿- 23
_¿-W-_m-kv- hn-tbm-Pn-°p-I- kzm-`m-hn-I-am-Wv.- F-∂m¬- B- Zw-:- t]-Pv- 137).-
hn-tb-m-Pn-∏v- ]p-Xn-b-\n-b-a-Øn-se- ]-cm-a¿-i-ß-fn¬- {]-I-S-a- F-∂m¬- hy-Iv-Xn-]-cam-b- `n-∂-X- A-h¿- C-cp-h-cpw- X-Ωn¬-
s√-∂m-Wv- ss{I-kX v- h- c
- p-sS- \n-e]
- m-Sv.- A-t∏m-kX v- e- - {]-hrØn- th¿-]n-cn-bp-∂-Xn¬- A-h-km-\n-®p-sh-∂v- ]p-Xn-b-\n-b-a-Øn¬-
Iƒ- ]-cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂- hy-Iv-Xn-I-fm-Wv- ]u-tem-kpw- _¿- \n-∂p-X-s∂- hy-Iv-X-am-Wv.- hy-Iv-Xn-]-c-am-b- H-cp- \n- -m-c- {]-
W-_m-kpw.- ]u-tem-kn-s\-°p-dn-®p-≈- ]-cm-a¿-i-ßƒ- B-Zy- iv-\-Øn-s≥-d-- t]-cn¬- kw-`-hn-°p-∂- Xm¬-°m-en-I- th¿-]n-cn-
L-´-Øn¬- ss{I-kv-X-h-cp-sS- i-{Xp- F-∂- \n-e-bn-em-Wv- A- b-em-bn-´-√- A-t∏m-kv-X-e- {]-hr-Øn-Iƒ- C-Xv- Nn-{Xo-I-cn-®n-cn-
t∏m-kv-X-e- {]-hr-Øn-I-fn¬- Im-Wp-∂-Xv-.- F-¶n¬,- _¿-W-_m- °p-∂X - v.- ""A-ßs - \- A-h¿- D-{K-hm-Za
- p-≠m-bn-´v- th¿-]n-cn-™p''-
kns\-°-p-dn-®p-≈- ]-cm-a¿-i-ßƒ- {In-kv-Xp-hn-s‚- in-jy≥,- A (A-t∏m-kv-X-e- {]-hr-Øn-Iƒ-:- 15:-38).-
\p-bm-bn- F-∂o- hn-[-ß-fn¬- X-s∂-bm-Wv- B-Zyw- ap-X¬- Im- Cu- th¿-]n-cn-b¬- Xn-I-®pw- BZ¿-i-]-c-am-bn-cp-∂p- F-∂-
Wp-∂-Xv.- ]u-tem-kv- ]n-∂o-Sv- {In-kv-Xp-hn-s\- Aw-Ko-I-cn-°p- Zn-i-bn¬- Nn-¥n-°p-tºmƒ,- ]u-tem-kp-am-bn- th¿-]n-cn-™-ti-
∂-Xm-bn- ]-d-™p-sIm-≠v,- Xm≥- H-cp-Im-e-Øv- ]o-Un-∏n-°p-I- jw- _¿-W-_m-kv,- ]u-tem-kn-s‚- ho-£-W-ßƒ-°v- hn-cp-≤-
bpw- hw-i-l-Xy-°v- {i-an-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-X- ss{I-kv-X-h-cnte- am-b- H-cp- kp-hn-ti-jw- kz-¥-am-bn- c-Nn-®n-cn-°m≥- km-[y-X-
°v- I-S-∂p-sN-√p-tºmƒ- A-t±-l-Øn-\v- e-`n-°p-∂-Xv- kzo-I-c- bp-≠v.- Cu- km-[y-X-sb- Xn-ckv-I-cn-°m≥- th-≠n-bm-Wv- A-
W-a√ - ,- Xn-ck - vI
- c- W
- a - m-Wv.- Cu- L-´Ø - n¬- _¿-W_ - m-kv- cwK- t∏m-kX v- e- \ - m-b- _¿-W_ - m-kv- A-√- _¿-W_ - m-kv- kp-hn-tij-
Øv-h-cn-I-bpw- A-t±-lw- ]u-tem-kn-s\- kzo-I-cn-®m-\-bn-®v A- I¿-Øm-hv- F-∂- hn-Nn-{X- hm-Z-K-Xn- an-j-W-dn- km-ln-Xy-Øn¬-
t∏m-kv-X-e-∑m¿-°n-S-bn¬- ]u-tem-kn-s\-°p-dn-®p-≈- \n-e-]m- D∂-bn-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂-Xv.- _¿-W-_m-kv- F-∂- A-t∏m-kv-X-
Sp-Iƒ- Xn-cp-Øp-hm≥- b-Xv-\n-°p-I-bpw- sN-øp-∂-Xm-bn- A-t∏m- e≥- C-Ø-c-Øn¬- ]u-tem-kn-s‚- D-]-tZ-i-ß-ƒ-°v- hn-cp-≤-
kv-X-e- {]-hr-Øn-Iƒ- A-[ym-bw- 9:-24˛30¬- Im-Wp-∂p-≠v.- am-b- H-cp- kp-hn-ti-jw- F-gp-Xm-Xn-cn-°p-I- F-∂-Xn-s\-°mƒ-
C-Xn¬-\n-∂v- a-\- n-em-°m≥- I-gn-bp-∂-Xv- ]u-tem-kv- hcp- Iq-Sp-X¬- kmw-K-Xy-hpw- km-[y-X-bp-ap-≈-Xv,- A-t∏m-kv-X-e- {]-
∂-Xn-\v- ap-ºp-X-s∂- {In-kv-Xp-hn-s‚- b-Ym¿-Y-- A-t∏m-kv-X-e- hr-Øn-Iƒ- F-∂- ]p-Xn-b-\n-b-a-`m-K-Øv- _¿-W-_m-kn-s\-°p-
∑m-sc-∂- \n-e-bn¬- ]p-Xn-b-\n-b-aw- ]-cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂- hyIv- dn-®v- ]-d-bp-∂- ]u-tem-kp-am-bp-≈- B-Z¿-i-]-c-am-b- tbm-Pn-
Xn-Iƒ-°n-Sb - n¬- _¿-W_ - m-kv- Aw-Ko-Ic - n-°s
- ∏-ń-cp-∂p- F∂m- ∏n-s\-∏-‰n-bp-≈- Im-cy-ßƒ- i-cn-bm-Im-Xn-cn-°p-I- F-∂-Xn-\m-
Wv.- ]utem-kn-s\-°mƒ- _¿-W-_m-kn-\v- A-t∏m-kv-X-e-∑m¿- Wv.- ]u-tem-kp-am-bn- Kp-cp-X-c-am-b- A-`n-{]m-b- hy-Xym-k-ap-
°n-S-bn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂- kv-Ym-\w- hy-Iv-X-am-°p-∂-Xm-Wv,- ""{]- ≠m-bn- th¿-]n-cn-bp-∂-Xn-\v- ap-ºp-X-s∂- _¿-W-_m-kv- H-cp-]-
t_m-[\ - ]
- p-{X≥''- F-∂- A¿-Yw- - h-cp-∂- ""_¿-W_ - m-kv''- F∂- t£,- X-s‚- kp-hn-ti-jw- F-gp-Xn-bn-cn-°mw.- F-∂m¬- _¿-
\m-aw- X-s∂-bpw- (A-t∏m-kv-X-e- {]-hr-Øn-Iƒ-:- 4:-36,37). ]n- W-_m-kn-s‚- ho-£-W-Øn-se- h-n-tbm-Pn-∏p-Iƒ- ad-®p-sh-®p-
∂o-Sv- I-S-∂p-h-cp-∂- ]u-tem-kv- _¿-W-_m-kn-s\- ]p-dw-X-≈n- sIm-≠v- A-t∏m-kv-X-e- {]-hr-Øn-I-fn¬- A-t±-l-sØ- ]-cn-N-
ss{I-kv-X-hX-bp-sS- Xm-Xzn-I- t{km-X- m-bn- am-dp-∂-Xv- ]p-Xn- b-s∏-Sp-Xn-b-Xm-Imw.- A-X-s√-¶n¬- H-cp- {]-tXy-I- L-´w-h-sc-
b-\n-b-a-Øn¬- Im-Wp-∂p.- Cu- ]-cn-h¿-Ø-\w- Xo¿-®-bm-bpw- bpw- A-t∏m-kv-X-e- {]-hr-Øn-Iƒ- ]-cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂- hn-[-
{In-kv-Xp-hn-s‚- B-Z¿-i-ß-fn¬-\n-∂p-≈- hy-Xn-N-e-\-ß-fp-am- Øn¬- _¿-W-_m-kv- \o-ßn-b-Xn-\p-ti-jw- ]n-∂o-Sv,- ]u-tem-
bn- _-\v[s - ∏-´X - m-bn-cp-∂p.- A-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv- ]n-∂o-Sv- ]u-tem- kv- \o-ßp-∂- ]m-X-bn¬- \o-ßp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬- {In-kv-Xp-hn-s‚-
kpw- _¿-W-_m-kpw- X-Ωn¬- th¿-]n-cn-tb-≠n-h-cp-∂-Xv.- F- A-[ym-]\ - ß - s - f-∂- \n-eb - n¬- Xm≥- a-\ - n-em-°n-b- Im-cyßƒ-
∂m¬- Cu- th¿-]n-cn-b¬- Xn-I-®pw- hy-Iv-Xn-]-c-am-b- Im-c-W- Xn-c-kv-I-cn-t°-≠n-h-cp-sa-∂- Dƒ-t_m-[-Øn-s‚- t{]-c-W-bm¬-
ß-fp-sS- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂p- F-∂m-Wv- h-f-sc- em-L- ]u-tem-kn-s\- hn-´p-]n-cn-™v- kz-¥w- Im-gv-N-∏m-Sp-I-fn-te-°v-
h-tØm-sS- ss{I-kv-X-h- km-ln-Xy-ß-fn¬- F-gp-Xn-∏n-Sn-∏n-®n- Xn-cn-®p-t]m-hpI-bpw- X-Z-\p-kr-Xw- H-cp- kp-hn-ti-jw- c-Nn-°-p-
cn-°p-∂-Xv.- ""D-]-tZ-i-]-c-am-b- Im-cy-ß-fn¬- ]u-tem-kpw- _¿- I-bpw- sN-bv-Xn-cn-°mw.- ap-l-Ω-Zv-\-_n-()-bp-sS- B-K-a-\-sØ-
W-_m-kpw- A-`n-{]m-b- `n-∂-X-bp-≈-h-cm-bn-cp-∂p- F-∂-Xn-\v- °p-dn-®v- ]-d-bp-∂p- F-∂-Xv- _¿-W-_m-kv- kp-hn-ti-j-Øn-s‚-
bm-sXm-cp- sX-fn-hp-an-√.- F-∂m¬- H-cn-°¬- A-h¿- X-Ωn¬- ap-kv-enw- _m-\v-[-h-Øn-\v- sX-fn-hm-°m≥- ]-‰n-b- H-cp- Im-cy-a-
hy-Iv-Xn-]-c-am-b- H-cp- Im-c-W-Øm¬- H-cp- A-`n-{]m-b-`n-∂-X- D- √.- {I-n-kv-Xp-hn¬-\n-∂v- Xm≥- tI-´v- a-\- n-em-°n-b- Nn-e- Imcy-
≠m-bn- F-∂-Xv- i-cn-bm-Wv.- A-Xv- tbm-l-∂m≥- F-∂v- a-dp-t]- ßƒ- X-s‚- kphn-ti-jØ - n¬- F-gp-Xn-bt- ∏mƒ- ap-lΩ - Z- v- \_n-
cp-≈- a¿-t°m-kn-s\- X-ß-fp-sS- an-j-\-dn-bm-{X-bn¬- sIm-≠p- sb-°-p-dn-®- {]-h-N-\-hpw- A-Xn¬- I-S-∂p-h-∂-Xm-bn-cn-°m-\n-
t]m-Ip-∂-Xn-s\-°-p-dn-®v- am-{X-am-bn-cp-∂p''- (C-kv-emw- kw-hm- S-bp-≠v.- Jp¿-B-\n-s‚- B-i-b-{]-Im-cw- ap-l-Ω-Zv- \-_n-()bp-
ap-l-Ω-Zv-\-_n-()-bp-sS- B-K-a-\-sØ-°p-dn-®v- ]-d-bp-∂p- F-∂-Xv- _¿-W-_m-kv-

kp-hn-ti-jØ - n-s‚- ap-kvenw- _m-\v[
- h- Ø- n-\v- sX-fn-hm-°m≥- ]-‰n-b- H-cp- Im-cya√.-
{I-n-kv-Xp-hn¬-\n-∂v- Xm≥- tI-´v- a-\- n-em-°n-b- Nn-e- Im-cy-ßƒ- X-s‚- kphn-ti-j-
Øn¬- F-gp-Xn-b-t∏mƒ- ap-l-Ω-Zv- \-_n-sb-°-p-dn-®- {]-h-N-\-hpw- A-Xn¬- I-S-∂p-
h-∂X - m-bn-cn-°m-\n-Sb
- p-≠v.- Jp¿-B\ - n-s‚- B-ib - Z- v- \-_n-()-bpsS-
- {- ]-Im-cw- ap-lΩ
B-K-a-\-sØ-°p-dn-®v- {In-kv-Xp- ap-∂-dn-bn-∏v- \¬-In-bn-´p-≠v.-
2006 sk-]v-‰w-_¿- 24
sS- B-Ka - \
- s- Ø-°p-dn-®v- {In-kvX- p- ap-∂d
- n-bn-∏v- \¬-In-bn-´p≠v.- - 3.- F-∂m¬- A-hs - b- X-≈n-°f - ™
- v- ]u-tem-kn-s\- ]n¥p-
""....- F-\n-°p-ti-jw- h-cp-∂- A-lv-a-Zv- F-∂v- t]-cp-≈- H-cp- S-cp-∂- c-N\ - I - ƒ- am-{X-am-Wv- Im-em-¥c - Ø
- n¬- ap-t∂m-´p-h∂ - Xv.-
Zq-X-s\-∏-‰n- k-t¥m-j-hm¿-Ø- A-dn-bn-°p-∂-h-\m-bn-s°m- 4.- C-ßs - \- ]n-¥≈ - s - ∏-´h - b - m-bn-cn-°mw,- H-cp-]t- £,- bYm¿-
≠pw....- ''- (61-:- 6).- Y-Øn¬ A-t∏m-kv-X-e-∑m¿- F-gp-Xn-b-h-bm-bn-cn-°m≥- Iq-Sp-
C-Ø-c-Øn-ep-≈- i-cn-bm-b- {]-t_m-[-\-ß-sf- ]n-¥p-S¿∂- X¬- km-[y-X-bp-≈-h.-
Xp-sIm-≠v- Iq-Sn-bm-bn-cn-°mw- _¿-W-_m-kv- {]-t_m-[-]p-{X≥- 5.- ]u-tem-kn-s\- ]n¥p-W-°p-∂-h-bpw-- A-t±-l-Øn-s‚-
F-∂v- h-n-fn-°-s∏-´-Xv.- Xm≥- a-\- n-em-°n-b- Im-cy-ßƒ- A-t±- D-]-tZ-i-ß-sf- ]n-¥p-S-cp-∂-h-bp-am-b- F-√m- ]p-Xn-b-\n-b-a-`mK-
lw- tc-J-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xn-\v- ap-kv-enw-Iƒ- D-Ø-c-hm-Zn-I-f√.- F- ß-fpw- ]n¬-°m-e-Øv- h-∂-h- B-bn-cn-°m-\n-S-bp-≠v.-
∂m¬- A-t±-lw- tc-J-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv- Jp¿-B-\p-am-bn- tbm-Pn- c-≠m-as - Ø- D-≤c - W- n-bn¬-\n-∂v- D-cpØn-cn-bp-∂- Im-cy-ßƒ-
°p-∂- Im-cyam-Ib - m¬,- _¿-W_ - m-kv- kp-hn-ti-jØ - n-se- apl- C-h-bm-Wv-:-
Ω-Zv\-_n-()-sb-°-p-dn-®p-≈- ]-cm-a¿-iw- ap-kv-enw-Iƒ- Xm¬]- 1.- _¿-W-_m-kn-s‚- t]-cn¬- kp-hn-ti-jw- am-{X-a-√,- teJ-
cy-tØm-sS- hm-bn-°p-I- F-∂-Xv- kzm-`-m-hn-I-am-Wv.- ]u-temkn- \-ß-fpw- D-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.
s\-Xn-cm-b- ]-cm-a¿-i-ß-fp-≈-Xm-Wv- _¿-W-_m-kn-s‚- kp-hn-
ti-jw- F-∂-Xn-\pw- ap-l-Ω-Zv- \-_n-()-tbm- A-t±-l-Øn-s‚- 2.- ]p-Xn-b- \n-b-a-Øn¬- \n-e-hn-ep-≈- kp-hn-ti-j-ß-gn¬-
B-Zy-Im-e-sØ-tbm- ]n¬-°m-e-sØ-tbm- A-\p-bm-bn-I-tfm- D- Nn-e-Xn-s‚- {K-\v-Y-I¿-Øm-°ƒ- Nn-e- te-J-\-ß-fpw- F-gp-Xn-
bn-´p-≈-Xp-t]m-se- _¿-W-_m-kn-s‚- Po-hn-X-Øn-epw- kw-`-hn-
Ø-c-hm-Zn-I-f-√.-- Im-c-Ww- ]u-tem-kpw- _¿-W-_m-kpw- X-Ωn-
®n-cn-°mw.-
ep-≈- hn-tbm-Pn-∏p-I-fn¬- ap-l-Ω-Zv- \-_n-()-t°m {]-hm-N-I-
in-jy-∑m¿-t°m- B-Zy-Im-e-°m-cpw- ]n¬-I-m-e-°m-cp-am-b- apkv- 3.- H-cp-]-t£,- B-Zy- \q-‰m-≠p-I-fn¬- _¿-W-_m-kn-s‚-
enw-If - n¬- B¿-°p-tam- bm-sXm-cp-hn-[- C-Ss - ]-Se
- p-If
- pw- ]-¶mfn- kp-hn-ti-j-tØm-sSm-∏w- te-J-\-hpw- ss{I-kv-X-h¿-°n-S-bn¬-
Ø-hpw- D-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-ń-√.- ]u-tem-kn-s\-Xn-cm-b- ]-cm-a¿-iß Aw-Ko-I-cn-°-s∏-ń-cn-°-Ww.-
ƒ- Dƒ-s°m-≈n-°m≥- _¿-W_ - m-kn-s\- t{]-cn-∏n-°p-I- F-∂Xv- 4.- F-∂m¬- ]n-∂o-Sv- ]u-tem-kn-\v- hn-cp-≤-am-b- A-[ym-]-
ap-kv-enw-I-sf- kw-_-\v-[-n-®v- A-km-[y-am-b- Im-cy-am-bn-cp-∂p.- \-ß-fp-≈- F-√m- A-t∏m-kv-X-e- c-N-\-I-sf-bpw- Xn-c-kv-I-cn-
Im-c-Ww,- ap-l-Ω-Zv- \-_n-()-bpw- A-t±-l-Øn-s‚- A-\p-N-c∑m- °p-∂X - n-s‚- `m-Ka - m-bn- _¿-W_ - m-kn-s‚- te-J\ - h
- pw- kp-hnti-
cp-a-S-ßp-∂- ap-kv-enw- k-aq-l-Øn-s‚- B-hn¿-`m-h-Øn-\v- ap-ºp- j-hpw- ""t\m-kv-‰n-Iv''- Nn-¥m-K-Xn-bp-≈- Ir-Xn-Iƒ- F-∂- \n-e-
X-s∂- ss{I-kvX-h¿-°n-S-bn¬- \n-e-hn¬- h-∂p-I-gn-™n-cp-∂- bn¬- Xn-c-kv-I-cn-°-s∏-´-Xm-\m-Im-Wv- km-[y-X.-
H-cp- Ir-Xn-bm-Wv- _¿-W-_m-kv- kp-hn-ti-jw.- G-Xm-bm-epw- _¿-W_ - m-kn-s‚- kp-hn-ti-jw- ap-kve - nw-Iƒ-
_¿-W-_m-kv- kp-hn-ti-j-hp-am-bn- _-\v-[-s∏-´- N¿-®-Iƒ- Bhn-jvI - c - n-®X - m-Wv- F-∂- B-tcm-]W - w- H-cp-\n-eb - v°pw- sXfn-
°n-Sb - n¬- ""C-kve - mw- kw-hm-Zw''- F-∂- Ir-Xn-bn¬- ]-cm-a¿-in®n- bn-°s - ∏-Sp-∂n-√.- am-{X-hp-a√ - ,- {In-kvX - p-hn-s‚- b-Ym¿-Y- {]-t_m-
´p-≈- c-≠v- Im-cy-ßƒ- {]-tXy-I- {i-≤-b¿-ln-°p-∂p-≠v:- [-\ß - s - f- Dƒ-s°m-≈p-∂X - v- F-∂- Im-cW - Ø - m¬,- ]u-temkn-
1.- ""_¿-W_ - m-kn-t‚-Xv- F-∂v- hn-iz-kn-°s - ∏-Sp-∂- H-cp- ih- b≥- B-ib - ß - f - p-sS- I-S∂ - p-Ib - ‰ - Ø
- n-\n-Sb - n¬- ]p-dw-X≈- s - ∏´-
°p-gn- Xp-d∂ - t- ∏mƒ,- A-Xn-s‚- s\-©n-t\m-Sv- tN¿-Øv- _-\v[n®n- Xpw- A-t∏m-kvX - e - \- m-b- _¿-W_ - m-kv- X-s∂- B-Zy-\q-‰m-≠n¬-
cp-∂- a-Øm-bn- kp-hn-ti-j-Øn-s‚- H-cp- tIm-∏n- e-`n-®p- F∂pw- F-gp-Xn-b-Xp-am-bn-cn-°m-\m-Wv- _¿-W-_m-kv- kp-hn-ti-j-Øn-
]u-tem-kv- A-t∏m-kv-X-e-s\- \n-μn-°p-∂- {]-kv-Xm-h-\-Iƒ- A- s‚- Im-cy-Øn¬- Iq-Sp-X¬- km-[y-X- Im-Wp-∂-Xv.-
Xn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂p- F-∂p-am-Wv- H-cp- ]m-c-º-cy-Øn¬- D-d-∏n-®v- A-h-ew-_-ßƒ,- kq-N-\-Iƒ-
]-d-bp-∂-Xv.- Xo¿-®-bm-bpw- A-Xv- Im-t\m-\n-I-am-b- H-cp- kp-hn- 1.- hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B-≥- ]-cn-`m-j-.-
ti-j-a-√.- ]-t£,- A-Xv- a-Øm-bnbp-sS- F-∂v- A-h-Im-i-s∏-´-
2.- ss_-_nƒ,- sI.-kn.-_n.-F-kv.- {]-kn-≤o-I-cn-®-Xv,- 2001,- sIm-®n≥
H-cp- A-t∏m-{In-^m- ]p-kv-X-Iw- am-{X-am-bn-cp-∂p''- (C-kv-emw-
˛tI-c-fw-.-
kw-hm-Zw-:- t]-Pv- 128).-
3.- kv-t\-l-Øn-s‚- am¿-Kw-˛]p-Xn-b-\n-b-aw,- ss_-_nƒ- skm-ssk‰n-
2.- ""hm-kv-X-h-Øn¬- "_¿-W-_m-kn-s‚- te-J-\w'- F-∂- Hm-^v- C-¥y,- _mw-•q¿-.-
t]-cn¬- a-s‰m-cp- A-t∏m-{In-^m- ]p-kv-X-Iw- h-∂-Xv- A-e-Iv-km- 4.- a-tX-X-c- kp-hn-ti-jw,- tUm.- em-k¿- tX¿-a-Tw,- 2002,- sI-hn≥-
≠dn-bb - n¬- \n-∂p-am-Wv.- C-Xn-s\- _¿-W_ - m-kn-s‚- kp-hnti- _pIv-kv- B-e-∏p-g,- tI-c-fw.-
j-hp-am-bn- _-\v-[n-∏n-t°-≠- Im-cy-an-√''- (C-kv-emw- kw-hm-Zw:- 5.- C-kv-emw- kw-hm-Zw,- \yq-tlm-]v- C-¥y- an-j≥,- tIm-gn-t°m-Sv.-
t]-Pv- 129˛130).-
6.- Xn-cp-Ø¬- H-cp- kw-{K-l-]-T-\w,- 1995,- \yq-tlm-]v- an-j≥,- tIm-
H-∂m-a-sØ- D-≤-c-Wn-bn¬- \n-∂v- D-cp-Øn-cn-bp-∂- Im-cy- gnt°m-Sv-.-
ßƒ- C-h-bm-Wv-:- 7.- Cu- te-J-\-Øn-s‚- c-N-\-bn¬- _¿-W-_m-kv- kp-hn-ti-jw- t\cn´v-
1.- ]u-tem-kn-s‚- D-]-tZ-i-ßƒ-°v- hn-cp-≤-hpw- ]u-tem- D-]-tbm-Kn-®n-ń-√.- _¿-W-_m-kv- kp-hn-ti-j-sØ-°p-dn-®v- ap-kv-enw-
kn-s‚- hy-Xn-bm-\-ß-sf- F-Xn¿-°p-∂-Xp-am-b- \n-c-h-[n- c-N\- \n-e-]m-Sp-Iƒ- {]-Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂- Ir-Xn-I-sf-bpw- B-{i-bn-®n-ń-√.-
Iƒ- D-≠m-bn-cp-∂p- A-t∏mkv-X-e-∑m¿-°n-S-bn¬.- 8.- ss__n-fn-s‚- X-s∂- sh-fn-®-Øn¬- _¿-W-_m-kv- kp-hn-ti-j
sØ-°p-dn-®p-≈- ss{I-kXv- h
- - \n-e]
- m-Sp-Iƒ- ]-cn-tim-[n-°p-Ib
- mWv-
2.- A-h-bn¬- Nn-e-sX-¶n-epw- kp-hn-ti-j- I¿-Øm-°-fp-sS-
sN-bv-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.-
t]-cn-ep-≈-h-bm-bn-cp-∂p.
2006 sk-]v-‰w-_¿- 25
]-T-\w-
J-p¿B\n-s≥-d- A-Xp-ey-X-
s{]-m-^.- ]n.- A-_v-Zp-√- \¬Ip-∂-Xm-bm¬ t]mepw'-' (17:88).- SmWv sh√p-hn-fn. Jp¿-B-\n¬ Znhy-Xz-
""AX-√, At±-lw- A-Xv- sIń-®-a-®p sam∂pw Z¿in-°mØ F°m-e-sØbpw
a\p-jy-c-Nn-X-ß-fmb {KŸ-ßsf sh-∂mtWm Ah¿ ]d-bp-∂Xv? ]d-bpI:- Hmtcm Bƒ°pw Cu sh√p-hnfn kzoI-
F∂m-¬- C-Xp t]mse-bp≈ ]Øv- A-[ym- cn-°m-\p≈ _-m[y-X-bp-≠v. 114 A[ymb-
ssien-bnepw D≈-S-°-Ønepw A\p-I-
b-ßƒ Na-®p-≠m-°n-bXv- \nßƒ sIm ß-fp≈ Jp¿Bs\-t∏m-ep≈ Hcp {KŸw
cn-°p-Is
- b-∂Xp {]bm-kI - c
- a
- √
- . Jp¿B
≠p-hcq! A√m-lp-hn\p ]pdsa \nßƒ As√- ¶ n¬ AXn- t e- X p- t ]m- s e- b p≈
\n-s‚ Ah-X-c-W-Imew apX¬°p≈
°v- km[n-°p-∂-h-sc-sb√mw \nßƒ hn ]Øv A[ym-b-ßƒ,- AXp-a-s√-¶n¬ Hc-
Hcm-tcm-]-W-amWv Jp¿B≥ aplΩZ-v
fn-®p-sIm-≈p-Ibpw sNøp-I. \nßƒ [ym-bs - a-¶nepw sIm≠p-hc - m-\mWv sh√p-
\_n()-bpsS cN-\-bm-sW-∂-Xv. AXn
kXy-hm-∑m-cm-sW-¶n¬'-' (11:13).- hn-fn-°p-∂-Xv. klm-b-Øn-\mbn A√m
s‚ A\ym-Zr-i-ssi-enbpw ZrIvkm£n
lp-h-√mØ GXp hkvXp-°-sfbpw hy
kam-\-hn-h-c-W-ßfpw D≈-S-°-Øns‚ ""\ΩpsS Z-mk∂v- \mw- A-h-X-cn-∏n®p ‡n-I-sfbpw i‡n-I-sfbpw {]Xn-`m-k
Kmwò-cyhpw Be-¶m-cn-I-XbpsS hiyX sImSp-Ø-Xns\(Jp¿B\n-s\-)- ]-‰n- \n ß-sfbpw hnfn-°mw. Aß-s\-bp-≈h - s
- c
bpw a‰pw \nc-£-c-Ip-£n-bmb apl-ΩZv ßƒ kwi-b-Øn-em-sW-¶n¬ AXn-s‚- √mw Iq´mbn {ian-®mepw A¥y-\mƒh
\_n(- )- b psS Ign- h p- I ƒ°- X o- X - a m- Xv- -t]mep≈ Hc-[ym-b-sa-¶nepw \nßƒ sc AXp km[n-°p-Ib - n-s√∂p Jp¿B≥
sW∂ bmYm¿Y-yw AwKo-I-cn-°m≥- A- sIm≠p-hcn-I-! A√m-lp-hn∂-p ]pd-sa- {]h-Nn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.
h¿ Iq´m-°p-∂n-√. Ch-cpsS apºn¬ Jp¿- \nßƒ-°p-≈- km£n-Isf(k-lm-bn-I-
1400˛¬]cw h¿j-ßƒ°p apºv \S
B≥ Db¿Øp∂ sh√p-hnfn t\m°q:- sf)bpw- hnfn®p-sIm-≈p-I.- \nßƒ kXy-
Ø-s∏-´-XmWv Cu sh√p-hn-fn. Ad-_n
""]d-bpI! Cu Jp¿-B≥ t]msem∂p hm-∑m-cm-sW-¶n¬ (A-XmW-t√m- th-
km-lnXyw AXns‚ D®n-bn-em-bn-cp∂
sIm≠p-hc - p-∂X
- n-\mbn a\p-jycpw Pn∂p- ≠Xv)-''- (2:23).-
A°m-esØ alm-I-hn-Ifpw kmln-Xy
Ifpw H∂n®p tN¿∂mepw Xo¿®-bmbpw Jp¿B≥ apl-ΩZ- n(-)s‚ `mh-\m-hn- \m-bI - ∑ - m-cp-sb√mw HØp]nSn-®n´pw Jp¿
AXp-t]m-sem∂p Ah≥ sIm≠p-h-cn-I- em-ktam sI´p-IYItfm ]n®pw t]bp B\n-teXp t]mep≈ Hcp hN-\-sa¶n
bn-√. Ah-cn¬ Nne¿ Nne¿°p ]n¥pW tam BsW∂p ]p—n®p X≈p-∂-h-tcm- epw sIm≠p-h-cp-∂-Xn¬ Ah¿ ]cn-lm-
2006 sk-]v-‰w-_¿- 26
hy‡-am-°p∂p: ""Xo-¿®-bmbpw Ah- jvSm-¥ß - sf \ntj-[n-°p--Ib - n√'' (- 29:47).-
cpsS Ncn-{X-Øn¬ _p≤n-am-∑m¿°p ]mT- ""dkq-en∂v Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s∏-´Xv A
ap-≠v. A-Xv- sIń-bp-≠m-°m-hp∂ Hcp h¿ tI´m¬ kXyw a\- n-em-°n-bX - ns‚
Hcp khn-tij \ne-]m-tSm-Sp-Iq-Snb Hcp h¿Ø-am-\-a-√. {]Xyp-X, AXns‚ apºp- ê-ambn Ah-cpsS IÆp-I-fn¬ \n∂v
{]hm-N-Is‚bpw Hcp {]tXyI Xcw ≈-Xns\ (th-Z-ß-sf) icn-sh-°p-∂Xpw IÆo-scm-gp-Ip-∂X - mbn \n\°p ImWmw.
F√m Imcy-sØbpw kw_-‘n-®p≈ Ah¿- ]dbpw: Rß-fpsS \mYm! Rß
{KŸ-Øn-s‚bpw BK-a-\-sØ-°p-dn-
Hcp hnh-c-Whpw hniz-kn-°p∂ P\- ƒ hniz-kn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. AXn-\m¬ kXy-
®p≈ {]h-N-\-ßƒ Xudm-Ønepw ßƒ°p am¿KZ¿i-\hpw Imcp-Wy-hp-am- km-£n-I-tfm-sSm∏w Rß-sfbpw \o
C≥Po-enepw D-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-. B {]hm-N- Ip∂p-'-' (12:111).- tcJ-s∏-Sp-tØ-Wta!'-' (5:83).-
I≥ apl-ΩZv\_n(-)bpw B {KŸw ""(A-Xm-b-Xv)- Xß-fpsS ]°-ep≈ AØcw kXy-kvt\-ln-I-fpsS Hcp
Xudm-Ønepw C©o-enepw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø- \o≠ ]ńI Xs∂ Ncn{Xw ka¿∏n-°p-
hnip≤ Jp¿B\p-am-sW∂p a\- n-em- s∏-´-Xmbn Ah¿°p Is≠-Øm≥ Ign- ∂p. A_vko-\n-b≥ cmPmhv \÷m-i-n,
°m≥ A°m-esØ PqX-˛-{In-kvXob bp∂ B A£-c-⁄m-\-an-√mØ {]hm ê-kvXo-\nse tdma≥ Kh¿Wdpw _n
]fin-X-∑m¿°v- Hcp {]bm-khpw D≠m- N-I-\mb ssZh-Zq-Xs\ (ap-l-ΩZv \_n j-∏p-amb C_v\-p \mØq¿, \Pvdm-\nse
sb)- ]n≥]-‰p-∂-h¿°v- (B ImcpWyw {InkvXob `c-W-ta-[m-hn-bpsS ktlm-
bn-cp-∂n-√. Jp¿-B≥ tNmZn-°p∂p: tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂X - m-Wv). Ah-tcmSv At± Z-c≥ Jp¿kp_v\-p A-¬J-a, _\q-Xzøv
""CkvdmCu¬ k¥-Xn-I-fnse ]fin-X- lw kZm-Nmcw I¬]n-°p-Ibpw Zpcm-Nmc- tKm{X t\Xm-hmb AZn-øn_v-\ - plmXnw,
∑m¿°v- AX-dn-bm-sa∂ Imcyw Ch¿°v- Øn¬\n∂v Ahsc hne-°p-Ibpw sNøp- kp{]-kn≤ ss__nƒ ]fin-X-∑m-cmb
∂p. \√ hkvXp-°ƒ Ah¿°v At±lw IAv_p¬ Alv_m¿, hl-_p-_v\p ap\-
(A-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ°v-) Hcp ZrjvSm-¥-am-bn- A\-p-h-Z-\o-b-am-°p-Ibpw NoØ hkvXp- ∫-lv, A_vZp√m-ln_v\p kemw(- )
cn-°p-∂nt√?'' °ƒ Ah-cpsS ta¬ \njn-≤a - m-°p-Ibpw XpS-ßnb alm-∑m¿ Ah-cn¬ Nne¿
sNøp-∂p. Ah-cpsS `mc-ßfpw Ah-cpsS am{Xw. a¿-a-U-yqIv ]nIvXmƒ, apl-ΩZv
taep-≠m-bn-cp∂ hne-ßp- I - fpw At±lw Ak-Zv, tamdnkv _p°m-bv, am¿K-c‰v
Cd-°n-sh-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. At∏mƒ am¿Ikv (a¿bw Pao-e), tIjykvs¢ (ap-
At±-l-Ø-n¬ hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw At±- l-Ω-Z-en), Imƒ Ãoh-≥kv (bq-kp-^p¬
lsØ ]n¥p-W-°p-Ibpw klm-bn-°p- Ckvemw) XpSßn B[p-\nI kaq-l-
kyamwhn[w ]cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-I-bm-Wp-≠m- Ibpw At±-l-tØm-sSm∏w Ah-X-cn-∏n- Ønse hnhn[ Xpd-I-fnse D∂X io¿
b-Xv. AXn-\p-tijw \o≠ ]Xn-\mep °-s∏-ń-´p≈ B {]Im-isØ ]n≥]-‰p- j-cmb Ht´sd PqX-˛-{In--kvXp-a-X- hn-izm-
\q‰m-≠p-Iƒ IS-∂p-t]m-bn. Ad-_n-`m-j- Ibpw sNbvX-h-cmtcm Ah¿ Xs∂bm kn-Iƒ Jp¿-B\n-s‚ A\p-bm-bn-If - mbn
bn¬ hnti-jn®pw a‰p `mj-I-fn¬ s]m Wv hnP-bn-Iƒ''- (7:157).- amdnb IY \ap-s°ms° kp]-cn-Nn-X-hp-
Xp- h nepw D∂- X - i o¿j- c mb Hcp- ] mSv Hcp khn-tij \ne-]m-tSm-Sp-Iq-Snb am-W-t√m.
kmln-Xy-Im-c-∑m¿ DZ-n-°p-Ibpw Db-cp- Hcp {]hm-N-Is‚bpw Hcp {]tXyI Xcw
Ibpw AkvX-an-°p-I-bp-ap-≠mbn. Jp¿- {]h-NnX kw`-h-ß-fpsS ]pe¿®
{KŸ-Øn-s‚bpw BK-a\ - s - Ø-°p-dn-®p≈
B\n-s\ kkq£vaw ]cn-tim-[n-®-hcpw J-p¿B\n¬ AXns‚ Z-uXy-hn-P-b-
{]h-N\ - ß
- ƒ Xudm-Ønepw C≥Poenepw
hne-bn-cp-Øn-b-hcpw A°q-´-Øn-ep-≠m- sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ Ipsd {]h-N-\-ß-fp-≠v.
D-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-. B {]hm-NI - ≥ apl-ΩZv
Ah ]q¿W-ambpw ]pe¿∂p-sh-∂Xn-\v-
bn-´p-≠v. F∂m¬ H‰t°m Iq´mtbm Cu \_n(-)bpw B {KŸw hnip≤ Jp¿B
sh√p-hnfn Gs‰-Sp-°m≥ Bcpw apt∂m´p Ncn{Xw km£n-bp-am-Wv.
\p- a m- s W∂p a\- n- e m- ° m≥ A°m-
h∂n-ń-s√-∂X - mWv kXyw. Jp¿-B\n-s\ esØ PqX-˛{- In-kvXob ]fin-X∑ - m¿°v- 1).- lnPvd Bdmw h¿j-Øn-emWv
hna¿in- ° p- ∂ - h cpw A]l- k n- ° p- ∂ - Hcp {]bm-khpw D≠m-bn-cp--∂n-√. Jp¿-B lpssZ-_nøm k‘n. B kμ¿`-Øn¬
hcpw Ct∏m-gp-ap-≠v. ]t£, sh√p-hnfn ≥ tNmZn-°p∂p: ""CkvdmCu¬ k¥-Xn- Jp¿-B≥ apkvenwIƒ°p \¬Inb k
°v adp-]Sn ]d-bm≥ Ah-cmcpw Xs∂ I-fnse ]fin-X-∑m¿°v- AX-dn-bm-sa∂ t¥m-j-hm¿Ø: ""A√m-lp-hns‚ ZqX\p
sa\-s°-Sp-∂n-√. AsX, Jp¿-B≥hN-\- Imcyw Ch¿°v- (A-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ°v)- Hcp kz]v\w kXy-{]-Imcw km£m¬°cn-®n-
ßƒ°v kam-\a - mb Hs∂-¶nepw cNn-°m- Zrjv S m- ¥ - a m- b n- c n- ° p- ∂ nt√?''- ( 26:197).- cn-°p-∂p. AXm-bX - v, A√mlp Dt±-in-°p-
\n-Xp-h-scbpw B¿°pw Ign-™n-ń-√. Ah-cnse EPp-a-\-kvI¿ kXyw a\- n- ∂-]£w kam-[m\ NnØ-cm-bn-s°m-≠v,
{]h-N-\-ßƒ em°p-Ibpw AXw-Ko-Ic - n-°p-Ibpw sNbv Xe-ap-fi\w sNbvX-hcpw apSn shń-b-
Jp¿-B\n-s‚ Ah-X-c-W-sØbpw XXm-bn- Jp¿B≥ {]tXyIw FSpØp h-cp-am-bn-s°m-≠v, \nß-sfm∂pw `b-s∏-
AXp sIm≠p-hc - p∂ {]hm-NI - s‚ BK- ]d-bp-∂p:- ""AXp-t]mse \n\°pw \mw SmsX ]hn-{X-amb tZhm-eb - Ø- n¬ {]th-
a-\-sØbpw kw_-‘n® {]h-N-\-ßƒ thZ-{KŸw Ah-Xc - n-∏n®p X∂n-cn-°p-∂p. in-°pI Xs∂ sNøp-∂X - m-sW∂ kz]v
XudmØv (tXm-d), C©n¬ (ss_-_nƒ)- At∏mƒ \mw (ap-ºv) thZ-{KŸw \¬In- \w. F∂m¬ \nß-f-dn-bm-ØXv- Ah≥
Xp-Sß
- nb ap≥thZ {KŸ-ßf - n¬ kt¥m- bn-´p-≈-h¿ CXn¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. Adn- ™ n- ´ p- ≠ v . AXn- \ m- ¬ - A- X n∂p
j-hm¿Ø-sb∂ \ne-bn¬ aptº ÿew Cu Iq´-cnepw AXn¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂-h- ]pdsa kao-]ÿ - a - m-sbmcp hnPbw Ah-
]nSn-®n-cp-∂p. A°mcyw Jp¿B≥ Xs∂ cp-≠v. Ahn-izm-kn-I-f-√msX \ΩpsS Zr \p-≠m-°n-Ø∂ - p''-(48:27).- A\p-Nc - ∑
- m-tcm-
2006 sk-]v-‰w-_¿- 27
2).- apkvenwI-tfm-Sm-bn- Jp¿-B≥ ]d ≥ H‰-s°-´mbn AWn-\n-c-∂p. lnPvd-bp
™p: ""\nß-fn¬ \n∂p hniz-kn-°p-I sS Ah-kc - Ø
- n¬ ]n¥p-S¿∂ i{Xp-°ƒ
aZo-\-bnseØnb-t∏mg-pw F√mw kpJ-I- bpw k¬I¿a-ßƒ {]h¿Øn-°p-Ibpw At±lw Hfn-®n-cp∂ Kplm-apJwhsc-sb-
sNbvX-h-tcmSv A√mlp hmKvZm\w sN Øn. Bbp-[-[m-cn-bmb i{Xp I≠p-ap-ń-
chpw `{Z-hp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. _lp- bvXn-cn-°p∂p: Ah¿°p apºp-≈-h¿°p sb-¶nepw IpXn-c-bpsS Imep-Iƒ \ne
ssZhhnizm-kn-Ifpw I]-S-hn-izm-kn- {]mXn-\n[yw \¬In-b-Xp-t]mse Xs∂ Øp XmWp-t]m-bn. hnP\{]tZ-iØv InS-
Ifpw a‰p-sam-cp-°nb sIWn-Iƒ Ahn- Xo¿®-bmbpw `qan-bn¬ Ah≥ Ah¿°p ∂p-dß - n-bt- ∏mƒ i{Xp h∂v \_n()bp
{]mXn-\n[yw \¬Ip-Ibpw Ah¿°v- A sS hmƒ ssI°-em°n ZrV-kz-c-Øn¬
sS-bp-ap-≠mbncp∂p. ]e-t∏mgpw bp≤- h≥ Xr]vXn-s∏-´p-sIm-SpØ Ah-cpsS tNmZn®p: ""]dbq Ct∏m-sfs‚ ]nSn-bn¬
ò-jWn \ne-\n-∂n-cp-∂p. Nne-t∏m- aX-Øns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ Ah¿°p \n¿`- \n∂v \ns∂ c£n-°m-\m¿°p Ignbpw?''
sgms° bp≤sØ t\cn-tS-≠nbpw bXzw ]Icw \¬Ip-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xm- "A√mlp' sh∂ \_n(-)-bpsS Dd®
bn-cn-°p-sa-∂v. Fs∂-bm-bn-cn°pw Ah¿ adp-]-Sn-bn¬ B a\p-jys‚ ssIbn¬
h∂n-cp∂p.- Ießn adn-™, A]-I-S- Bcm-[n-°p-∂-Xv. Ft∂m-S-h¿ bmsXm \n∂pw Xmsg hoW hmsf-SpØp sIm≠v
ßƒ \nd™ B A¥-co-£-Øn¬ ∂pw ]-¶p- tN¿°p-Ib - n-√. AXn-\p-tijw AtX tNmZyw \_n(-) Xncn®p tNmZn-
t]mepw Jp¿B≥ \_n( )°p Ft∂m-Sm-sc-¶nepw \μn-tISv ImWn-°p- ®-t∏mƒ Abmƒ°p adp-]-Sn-bn-√m-bn-cp-
∂-]£w Ah¿ Xs∂-bm-Ip∂p [n°m- ∂p. F∂n´pw \_n(-) H∂pw sNømsX
kwc£Ww hmKvZm\w sNbvXp:- ""tl cn-Iƒ''- (24:55).- hn´-b-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.
dkqte! \ns‚ \mY-\n¬-\n-∂v- \n\-°- \_n(-) Cl-tem-Ih - mkw shSn-bp- aZo-\-bnseØnb-t∏mg-pw F√mw kp
h-X-cn-∏n-°-s∏-´Xv \o (P-\-ßƒ°v-) ∂-Xn\p apºp-Xs∂ Atd_ym D]-Zzo]v- J-I-chpw `{Z-hp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. _lp-ssZ
FØn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-I...''- an°-hmd-pw C-ke v- m-an-∂[ - o-\a - m-bn.- A-°m- hhnizm-kn-Ifpw I]-Sh - n-izm-kn-Ifpw a‰p-
e-sØ- {]-[m-\- cm-Pm-°-∑m¿- \-_n-()- sam-cp-°nb sIWn-Iƒ Ahn-sS-bp-ap-≠m
°v- k-Ωm-\-ßƒ- sIm-Sp-Ø-b-®p.-Nne bncp∂p. ]e-t∏mgpw bp≤-ò-jWn \ne-
kndn-b≥ \mSp-If - n-sebpw P\-ßƒ Ckv \n-∂n-cp-∂p. Nne-t∏m-sg-ms° bp≤sØ
emans‚ ta¬t°mbva kzoI-cn®p I∏w t\cn-tS-≠nbpw h∂n-cp∂p.- Ießn adn-
sImSp-°m≥ XpS-ßn. {]hm-NI - s‚ DØ- ™, A]-I-S-ßƒ \nd™ B A¥-co-
cm-[n-Im-cn-If - psS (Jp-e^ - m-D¿ - dm-jn-Zo≥) £-Øn¬ t]mepw Jp¿B≥ \_n()
sSmØv Xm≥ Dwd \n¿hln-°p-sa-∂p kz ImeØv t]¿jy, CdmJv F∂n-h-bpƒ °p kwc£Ww hmKvZm\w sNbvXp:-
]v\ Z¿i-\-ap-≠m-b-Xns‚ ASn-ÿm-\- s∏-Sp∂ In-kv-d- km{amPyw apgp-h\pw ""tl dkqte! \ns‚ \mY-\n¬-\n-∂v- \n\-
Øn-emWv \_n(-) A\p-Nc-∑msc Iqń ssIk¿ (tdmam) km{am-Py-Øns‚ ]e °-h-X-cn-∏n-°-s∏-´Xv \o (P-\-ßƒ°v-)
a°-bn-te°p ]pd-s∏-´-Xv. F∂m¬ Jp `mK-ßfpw apkvenwIfpsS A[o-\-X-bn- FØn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-I. Aßs\ sNøm-
ssdi-nI - ƒ Ahsc hgn-bn¬ XS-bp-Ibpw em-bn. Ch-sb√mw Cu hN-\-Ønse Ø-]£w \o \ns‚ ZuXyw \nd-th-‰n-
Hcp bp≤-Øns‚ ht°m-f-sa-Øp-Ibpw hmKvZm-\-Øns‚ ]pe¿®-b-s{X. bn-ń-√. P\-ßf - n¬\n∂v A√mlp \ns∂
sNbvXp. B kwL¿jw l-pssZ-_n-øm- 3).- {]hm-N-IXzw e`n®v aX-{]-t_m- c£n-°p-∂-XmWv. kXy--\n-tj-[n-I-fmb
k-‘n-bn¬ Iem-in-°p-Ibpw \_n(-) [\w Bcw-`n®v ]Xn-aq∂mw h¿j-Øn¬ Bfp-Isf Xo¿®-bmbpw A√mlp t\¿h-
bpw A\p-Nc-∑mcpw Dwd \n¿h-ln-°msX lnPvd(-a-°-bn¬\n∂v aZo-\-bn-te-°p≈ gn-bn-em-°p-I-bn√''- (5:67).-
aZo-\-bn-te°v aS-ßn-t∏m-Ip-Ibpw sNbv ]-em-b\ - w- ) t]mIp-∂X - p-hs - c-bp≈ \o≠ DlvZv, lpss\-≥ apX-emb bp≤-ß-
Xp. \_n(-)-bpsS kz]v\w k^-e-am-bn- ]Xn-aq∂p h¿j-°mew \_n(- )°p fn¬ Bbn-cn-°-W-°n\p i{Xp-°ƒ°n-
s√∂p ]d™v I]-Sh - n-izm-kn-Ifpw a‰pw ]oU--\-ß-fp-sSbpw \n -lm-b-X-bp-sS S-bn¬ At±lw H‰-s∏-´p-t]mb kμ¿`-
]cn-l-kn-°m≥ XpS-ßn. Ah¿°p≈ bpw Ime-L-´-am-bn-cp-∂p. Gsd A\p-bm- ß-fp≠-m-bn-cp-∂p. At±-l-Øn-s∂-Xncn
adp-]S- n-bmWv Cu hN-\w. \_n(-) I≠ bn-I-fn-√. kmº-ØnI ]n≥_ew hfsc ¬ ]e Kq-V-m-tem-N-\-Ifpw \S-∂p. hn
Xv ]mgvIn-\m-h-√;- A√m-lp-hns‚ kXy- Zp¿_-ew. ssk\nI k∂m-l-ßtfm jw \¬In sIm√m-\p≈ {iaw t]mepap-
hm-KvZm-\-am-Wv.- a°-bn¬ sN∂v kam-[m- Bbp[ tiJ-c-ßtfm C√. i{Xp-]-£- ≠m-bn.-F-∂n-s´m-s°bpw At±lw kpc-
\-]q¿h-w Xo¿Y-m-S\w \S-Øp-hm≥ apkv am-sW-¶n¬ F√m \nebv°pw kpi-‡ £n-X-\mbn \ne-s°m-≠p. AsX, {]h-
enwIƒ°p Ign-bp-sa-∂p-d-∏m-Wv, AXn hpw kpk-÷hpw. Ah-cpsS a¿Z-\ß - fpw Nn-°-s∏´ hmKvZm-\-ßƒ AXn-hn-kva-b-
s‚ apt∂m-Sn-bm-bn-´p≈ \n¿Wm-bI - a
- mb ]oU-\-ßfpw Ak-lyw. a°-bn-¬ òXn- I-c-ambn,- Ir-Xy-ambn ]pe-cp-I-Xs∂
Hcp h-nP-ba - mWv lpssZ-∫nøm k‘nbn Z-amb B L´-Øn¬ t]mepw Jp¿B≥ sNbvXp.
-eqsS apkvenwIƒ t\Sn-bXv XpS-ßnb kam-iz-kn-∏n®p: ""\ns‚ \mYs‚ Xocp- 4).- Jp¿B\n-s\ kw_-‘n®p Xs∂
Imcy-ßƒ Cu hN\w hy‡-am-°p-∂p. am-\-Øn\p \o £am-]q¿hw ImØn-cn- Jp¿B\nse Hcp {]Jym-]\w t\m°pI:-
k‘n-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ \_n(-) °p-I. Xo¿®-bmbpw \o \ΩpsS ZrjvSn- ""Xo¿®-bmbqw \mamWv B D¬t_m[
bpw A\p-Nc - ∑
- mcpw ASpØ h¿jw Dwd bn-em-Ip-∂p''- (52:48).- _\q-lminw IpSpw- \w Ah-Xc - n-∏n-®X
- v. Xo¿®-bmbpw \maXn
\n¿h-ln-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Aßs\ B _-sam-gn®v Jpssdiohwi-Ønse apgp- s\ ImØp kq£n-°p-∂-Xp-am-Wv''-(15:9).-
{]h-N\w ]pe¿∂p. h≥ tKm{X-ßfpw \_n(-)sb h[n-°m 1400¬ ]cw h¿j-ßƒ°p apºp≈ Hcp
2006 sk-]v-‰w-_¿- 28
{]Jym-]\ - a - m-WnXv.- AXns‚ A\p-bm-bn- ß-fn¬ B[n-]Xyw ÿm]n-°m≥ t]¿ sb Ah¿ s]mdp-Xn-ap-ń® kw`-h-ßƒ
I-fp-sSbpw A√mØhcp-sSbpw \n£n]v jy-°mcpw tdma-°mcpw XΩn¬ bp≤w Jp¿-B-\nepw ss__n-fnepw ImWmw.
X Xmev]c - y-°m-cp-sSbpw Ip_p-≤n-If
- psS \S-∂n-cp-∂p. tdma°m¿ thZ-°m-cmb AXm-b-Xv, hf-sc-°m-e-ambn im]-tIm-
bpw IpX-{¥-°m-cp-sSbpw _≤-ssh-cn-I- {InkvXym-\n-Ifpw t]¿jy-°m¿ A·n ]-ßfpsS ]mc-ºcyw ]pe¿Øn-t∏m∂
fp-sS-bp-sams° Ic-ß-f-n-eqsS AXn∂p bm-cm-[-I-cp-am-bn-cp-∂p. apkv-en-w-Iƒ°p Hcp kap-Zm-b-as{X CkvdmCu-ey¿ AY
IS-∂p-t]m-tc≠n h∂n-´p-≠v. F∂n´pw thZ-°m-cmb {InkvXym-\n-I-tfm-Sm-bn- hm blq-Zn-Iƒ (PqX-∑m¿)-. BZy-Im-e-
Hcp h≈nt°m ]p≈nt°m- am‰-an-√msX cp∂p A\p-`m-hw.- _lp-ssZ-hm-cm-[-I-cm ß-fn¬ hn{K-lm-cm-[-I-cp-sSbpw ]n∂oSv
\_n(-)°p Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s∏´ AtX b Ad-_n-Iƒ°p A·nbm-cm[Icmb {InkvXym-\n-I-fp-sSbpw A\-¥cw apk-v-
cq]-Øn¬ AXv- C∂pw `{Z-ambn \ne- t]¿jy-°m-tcmSpw.- lnPvd A©mw h¿ en-wI
- f- p-sSbpw `c-WØ - n≥Iogn¬ Ah¿
sIm-≈p-∂p. CXv- as‰mcp {KŸ-Øn-\pw j-Øn¬ t]¿jy-°m¿ tdma-°m¿s°-Xn- °p \nμn-X-cmbn Ign-tb-≠n-h-∂p. Jp¿
e`n-°mØ Dd∏pw C√mØ khn-ti-j- cn¬ hnPbw t\Sn. _lp-ssZ-hm-cm-[-I¿- B\ns‚ Ah-Xc - W- I - m-eØv Ah¿ ]e-
X-bp-am-Wv. as‰√m {KŸ-ßfpw CXn-s\- A-Xn¬ BÀmZw {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-Ibpw bn-S-ß-fn-embn IpSn-tb-dn-∏m¿Øp hcn-I-
°mƒ Ipd™ Ime-Øn-\p-≈n¬ `mjm- apkvenwIsf ]cn-l-kn-°p-Ibpw sNbv- bm-bn-cp-∂p. Gsd-Øm-a-kn-bmsX ]e
]-c-amb Xncp-Ø-ep-Iƒ°pw hkvXp-Xm- X- B kμ¿`-Øn¬ Jp¿-B≥ Cßs\ ÿe-ßf - n¬ \n∂pw Hmtcm Imc-WØ - m
]-c-amb t`Z-K-Xn-Iƒ°pw hnt[-b-am-Im- {]h-Nn-®p-:- ""ASpØ \mń¬ sh®v tdma- ¬ Ah¿°p IpSnsbm-gn-™p- t]mtI-≠n-
dp- ≠ v . Xs∂- b p- a - √ , temI- Ø p≈ °m¿ tXmev]n-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p. Xß- h-∂p. A n-cn-b-∑m¿ Ahsc XI¿Øp.-
Jp¿B ≥ {]Xn-Iƒ apgp-h≥ \in-∏n-°- fpsS ]cm-P-b-Øn\p tijw GXm\pw _m_n-tem-Wn¬ \_vJ- v- \ m¿ Xcn-
s∏-´mepw Xma-kw-hn\m F{X {]Xn-Iƒ h¿j-ßƒ°p-≈n¬Xs∂ Ah¿ hnP ∏-W-am-°n.- tdma≥N{I-h¿Øn ssS‰kv
thW-sa-¶nepw ]p\-cp-ev]m-Zn-∏n-°m≥ bw t\Sp-∂-Xm-Wv. apºpw ]nºpw A√m- \in-∏n-®p.- apkvenwI-fm¬ ]-e- in£-Iƒ
Ign-bpw. ImcWw Jp¿-B≥ lrZnkvY - am- lp-hn\mIp∂p Imcy-ß-fpsS \nb-{¥- °pw- hnt[-b-c-m-°-s∏-´p.- P¿a-\n-bn¬
°nb B-fp-Iƒ Fß-pw [m-cm-f-ap-≠v.- Ww. At∂ Znhkw kXy-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ ln‰vedpsS tIm]m·n Ahsc IØn-®p-
CXpw, Hcp ]t£, as‰m-cp-{K-ŸØ - n∂pw A√m-lp-hns‚ klmbw sIm≠v k¥p- Nm- º - e m- ° n.... Aßs\ \o≠p- t ]m-
Ah-Im-is - ∏-Sm≥ Ign-bmØ {]tXy-IX - - jvSc - m-Ip-∂X - m-Wv. Xm\p-t±-in-°p-∂h
- sc Ip∂p in£m-]-c-ºc.- G‰-hp-sam-Sp-hn¬
bm-Wv. Ah≥- klm- b n- ° p- ∂ p. Ah- \ s{X 1948-˛¬ ê-kv-X-os‚ GXm\pw `mKw
5).- \_n(-)-bpsS ImeØpw sXm´p- {]Xm-]nbpw Icp-Wm-\n-[nbpw. A√m-lp- ssItbdn CkvdmCu¬ Fs∂mcp cmjv
apºpw Atd_ym D]-Zzo-]ns‚ Nne `mK- hns‚ hmKvZm-\-as{X AXv. A√mlp X {Sw ÿm]n-°-s∏-´p. F∂m-e∂p apX-en-
s‚ hmKvZm\w ewLn-°p-I-bn-√. ]t£,- ∂p-hsc AhnSw Ak-am-[m-\Ø - n-s‚bpw
a\p-jy-cn-e-[n-I-t]cpw a\- n-em-°p-∂n- kwL¿j-Øn-s‚bpw kwL-´-\-ß-fp-
√''-(30:2-6).- tdma-°m-cpsS ]cm-Pbw Xm¬ sSbpw bp≤-ß-fp-sSbpw Poh-lm-\n-bp-
°m-enIw am{X-am-sW∂pw GXm\pw sSbpw `h-\-\-jvS-Øn-s‚bpw hnf-\n-e-
h¿j-ßƒ°p-≈n¬ Ah¿ hnPbw t\Sp- ambn XpS-cp-∂p. Jp¿B\ns‚ {]h-N\w
sa-∂p-am-Wv {]Jym-]\ - w. Ggp h¿j-ßƒ A£-cw-{]Xn ]pe-cp-∂X - m-bn-´mWv \man-
°p tijw tdma-°m¿ hnPbw t\Sp-I hn-sSbpw ImWp-∂-Xv.
as‰√m {KŸ-ßfpw CXn-s\-°mƒ bpw t]¿jy-bpsS B[o-\-Øn-en-cp∂ 7).- as‰mcp henb ZrjvSm-¥-amWv
]e {]tZ-i-ß-fnepw Ah¿ A[n-\n-th A_q-e-l-_ns‚ \mi-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈
Ipd™ Ime-Øn-\p-≈n¬ `mjm-]-c-
iw \S-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp. {]h-N-\-Øns‚ ]pe¿®:- ""\ns‚ ASp-
amb Xncp-Ø-ep-Iƒ°pw hkvXp-Xm-]-c- 6).- C\n PqX-∑m-sc-∏-‰n-bp≈ {]h- Ø _‘p-°ƒ°p (in-£-sb-°p-dn-®v)
amb t`Z-K-Xn-Iƒ°pw hnt[-b-am-Im-dp- N\w {i≤n°q! ""Ah-cpsS (C-kvdm-Cu- ap∂-dn-bn∏v \¬Ip-Ibpw sNøW'-' (26:
≠v. Xs∂-bp-a-√, temI-Øp≈ Jp¿- ey-cp-sS) ta¬ Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂-ev]ns‚ 214) F∂ Jp¿B≥ hN\w Ah-X-cn-®-
\mƒ hsc Ah¿°p lo\-amb in£ t∏mƒ \_n(-) JpssdiotKm{X-ßsf
B≥ {]Xn-Iƒ apgp-h≥ \in-∏n-°-s∏- Gev]n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-hsc \ns‚ hnfn-®p-Iqń Ah-tcmSv s]mXp-hmbpw
´mepw Xma-kw-hn\m F{X {]Xn-Iƒ \mY≥ \ntbm-Kn-°pI Xs∂ sNøp-sa {]tXyIw {]tXy-I-ambpw Cßs\ Adn-
thW-sa-¶nepw ]p\-cp-ev]m-Zn-∏n-°m≥ ∂p Ah≥ (A-√m-lp) {]Jym-]n® kμ¿ bn®p: ""Jpssd-in-If - psS kaq-lta! \nß-
`hpw Hm¿°p-I. Xo¿®-bmbpw \ns‚ \m fpsS tZl-ßsf \nßƒ \c-I-Øn¬
Ign-bpw. ImcWw Jp¿-B≥ lrZnkv-Yam- Y≥ AXn-thKw in£ \S-∏m-°p-∂-h- \n∂pw c£-s∏-Sp-Øp-hn≥! \nßƒ°p
°nb B-fp-Iƒ Fß-pw [m-cm-f-ap-≠v.- \m-Wv. Xo¿®-bmbpw Ah-t\sd s]mdp- bmsXmcp D]-{Z-ha - m-Is - ´, D]-Im-ca
- m-Is´
CXpw, Hcp ]t£, as‰m-cp-{K-Ÿ- °p-∂h - \pw Icp-Wm-\n-[n-bp-as{X''-(7:167).- sNøp-hm≥ \n›-b-ambpw F\n°p Ign-
AXm-b-Xv, PqX-∑m¿°p ITn\ ]oU-\- bp-Ib - n-√.- "epA-øns‚ aI-\mb IAv_n
Øn∂pw Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sm≥ Ign-bmØ ß-tf-ev]n-°p∂ P\ßsf A¥y-\mƒ s‚ k¥-Xn-Itf! \nß-fpsS tZl-ßsf
{]tXy-I-X-bm-Wv. hsc A√mlp Ab-®p-sIm-≠n-cn°pw. \nßƒ \c-IØ - n¬ \n∂v c£-s∏-Sp-Øp-
ImcWw Ah-cpsS A\p-k-c-W-t°Spw hn≥! \nßƒ°p bmsXmcp D]-{Z-h-am-I-
[n°m-c-io-e-hpw- X-s∂. aqkm-\-_n() s´, D]-Im-c-am-Is´ sNøp-hm≥ \n›-b-
2006 sk-]v-‰w-_¿- 29
`mcy DΩp- P - a oepw \_n( )sb Xn-cp∂ Cu Imcyw s - ]-s´∂p Xs∂ ]pe
Ignhns‚ ]c-am-h[n D]-{Z-hn-®p-sIm-≠n- ¿∂p-sh-∂Xp ImWn-°p-∂Xv Jp¿-B≥
cp-∂p. s]s´-s∂m∂pw \in-°p-sa∂p apl-Ω-Zv\-_n(-)-bpsS cN-\-b-s√∂pw
B¿°pw IW-°p-Iq-´m≥ ]‰m-Ø-hn[w AXns‚ t{kmX v AZr-iy-a-dn-bp-∂,
i‡- c m- b n- c p∂p Ah¿. F∂m- e - h ¿ {XnIm-e-⁄m-\n-bmb A√mlp Xs∂-
c≠p- t ]¿°pw Cl- t em- I Øpw ]c- bm-sW-∂p-am-Wv.
Cu {KŸw s]mXp-P-\-k-a£w tem-IØpw \mi-am-Wp-≈-sX∂pw Ah- Bt£-]-ßƒ
ka¿∏n-®Xv apl-ΩZv \_n(-)bmWv. cpsS D]-{Z-h-sØ-°p-dn®v hnj-an-t°-≠-
Cu {KŸw s]mXp-P\ - k- a
- £w ka¿
Xn-s√∂pw \_n()°p Jp¿-B-\n¬
F∂m¬ At±lw AXns‚ I¿XrXzw ∏n-®Xv apl-ΩZv \_n(-)bmWv. F∂m
kt¥m-j-hm¿Ø Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-I-
Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂n-√. Xs‚ hy‡nXzw ¬ At±lw AXns‚ I¿XrXzw AhIm-
bmWv: ""A_q-e-l-_ns‚ Ccp-I-c-ßfpw-
i-s∏-Sp-∂n-√. Xs‚ hy‡nXzw ho¿∏n®p
ho¿∏n®p ImWn-°p-hmt\m al-Xz-s∏- \in-®n-cn-°p-∂p.- Ah≥ \-mi-aS- b - p-Ib- pw-
ImWn-°p-hmt\m al-Xz-s∏-SpØn ]d-bp-
SpØn ]d-bp-hmt\m AXn-se-hn- sN-bv-Xn-cn-°p-∂p.- Ahs≥-d- [-\-tam-
hmt\m AXn-se-hn-sSbpw {iaw \S-°p-
Ah≥ kºm-Zn®p sh®tXm- A-h-∂p-
sSbpw {iaw \S-°p-∂p-an-√. AtX ∂p-an-√. AtX kabw Xs‚ hogvN-Isf
D]-Im-c-s∏-ń-√. Xo-PzmeI-fp-≈- \-c-Im-
AXn¬ B--t£-]n-°p-∂p-ap-≠v.
kabw Xs‚ hogvN-Isf AXn¬ ·n-bn¬ hgnsb A-h≥- IS-s∂-cn-bpw.
hn-d-Ip-Np-a-´p-Im-cn-b-m-b- A-h-s≥-d- `m-cy- \_n() a°-bnse Jpssdio {]am-
B-t£-]n-°p-∂p-ap-≠v. Wn-am-cp-ambn kwkm-cn-®pw- Ahsc Ckv
bpw-.- A-h-fpsS Igp-Øn¬ Cu-Ø∏-\-\m-
cp-sIm-≠p-≈- Hcp Ib-dp-≠m-bn-cn-°pw'-' eman-te°p £Wn®pwsIm≠n-cn-°p-I-
(111:1-˛5).- A_q-el - _v \_n(-)sb i]n- bm-bn-cp-∂p. At±lw Ah-cn¬\n∂v \√
°m- \ p- ] - t bm- K n® AtX hm°p- s Im- {]Xn-Ic- Ww {]Xo-£n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-
≠mWv Jp¿B\n¬ Ah-s\bpw i]n-®- cp-∂p. B kμ¿`-Øn-emWv A_vZp√m-
Xv. Ahs‚ [\w, sFiz-cyw, kzm[o-\w, ln_v\-p DΩn-a-I-vX-qw-()- F∂ A‘-
a°ƒ XpS-ßn-b-h-sbm∂pw Cl-tem- \mb A\p-N-c≥ IS-∂p-h-∂-Xv. A‘X
IØv Ahs‚ Dt±-i-ßƒ km[n-°p-∂- \nanØw kμ¿`w a\- n-em-°p-hm≥
Xn\p D]-I-cn-°p-I-bn√ F∂pw- ]c-tem- At±-l-Øn\p Ign-™n-cp-∂n-√. "\_n
ambpw F\n°p Ign-bp-I-bn-√. Cßs\ I-Øn¬ Ah aqew bmsXmcp KpWhpw tb! F\n°p am¿K-Z¿i\w \¬I-Ww.
J- p kzøv tKm{X- ° m- s cbpw A_v Z - p a- Ah-\p-≠m-Ip-I-bn-√ F-∂p-amWv kqN- h√-Xpw- ]Tn∏n®p XcWw' F∂n-ßs\
\m^v tKm{X-°m-scbpw A_vZp¬ apØz- \. Cu im]w ac-W-Øn\p apºp-Xs∂ At±lw At]-£n-°p-Ib - m-bn. \_n(-)-
en_v tKm{X-°m-scbpw hnfn®v CXp- Cl-tem-IØv sh®v Ah≥ A\p-`-hn- °nXp hnc-k-am-bn-tØm-∂n. B kw`m-
t]mse ]d-™p. ]n∂oSv kz¥w aIƒ °p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Ahs‚ Dt±-i-ß- j-W-Øn\p hncm-a-an-Sm-\nXp Imc-W-am-
^mXzn-a-()-sb hnfn®p ]d™p: "apl- sfm∂pw ên-®-Xp-an-√. Ahs‚ aI≥ Ip-sa∂p am{X-a-√, tIhew km[phpw
Ω-Zns‚ aIƒ ^mXz-nam! \o \ns‚ tZl D-Xv-_-Øv- iman-te-°p≈ bm{X-bn¬ A‘-\p-amb Hcmƒ Ah-cpsS kZ- n¬
sØ \c-IØ - n¬\n∂p c£-s∏-Sp-ØpI! knwl-Øn-∂n-c-bm-bn. A_q-e-l-_n\v- kw_-‘n-°p-∂Xv- B {]am-Wn-am¿°p
\n\°p bmsXmcp D]-{Z-h-am-I-s´, D]- {]ta-l-°pcp t]msetbm h-k-q-cn-t]m- ckn-°p-I-bp-an-√. Aßs\ B kμ¿`w
Im-c-am-Is´ sNøp-hm≥ F\n°p Ign-bp- setbm D≈ AZ-kØv F∂ tcmKw \jvS-s∏-t´-°p-sa∂p IcpXn \_n(-)
I-bn-√. Adn-t™°q! \nßƒ°p (F- ]nSn-s∏-´p. Zp¿K‘w aqew P\-ßƒ ASp- At±-l-tØmSv sshapJyw ImWn-°p-I-
t∂m-Sv) \n›-b-ambpw c‡-_-‘-ap-≠v. °m-Xm-bn. ih-kw-kvIm-c-Øn-\p-t]mepw bp-≠m-bn. CXns\ ]cm-a¿in-®p-sIm≠v
AXp Rm≥ \-\-t°≠ {]Imcw \\®p- Bsf In´msX Iqen-°m-cmWv Fß- Jp¿B\n¬ ]d-bp∂p: ""At±lw \-_n
sIm-≈p-∂-Xm-Wv. AXm-b-Xv, Cl-tem- s\tbm FSpØp adhv sNbvX-Xv. _Zv¿ () apJw Npfn-®p. Xncn-™p-If - b
- p-Ibpw
bp≤-Øn\p tij-am-bn-cp∂p CXv. Xm sNøp. Xs‚-b-Sp-°¬ B Ipcp-S≥ h∂-
IØv Rm≥ \nß-tfmSv c‡-_‘w
s\mcp Jpssdio t\Xm-hm-bn-cp-∂n´pw Xn-\m¬, (\-_ntb!) \n\-s°-¥-dnbmw?
]men-°p-∂X - m-Wv. A√m-lp-hn¬ \n∂pw
òcp-Xzhpw ]nip°pw aqew _Zvdn¬ Ah At±lw ]cn-ip≤ {]m]n-t®-°m-a-t√m.
(D-≠m-Ip-∂) bmsXm∂pw Xs∂ Rm≥
≥ ]s¶-Sp-Øn-cp-∂n-√. ]Icw X\n°p As√-¶n¬ At±lw D]-tZiw kzoI-cn-
\nßƒ°p Hgn-hm-°p-∂-X-√' (_p-Jm-cn,
°p-Ibpw Aßs\ (B) D]-tZiw At±-
apkvenw).- Cub-h-k-c-Øn¬ \_n(-)- IS-°m-c\ - m-bn-cp∂ Hcmsf Ab-°p-Ib - m-
Wp-≠m-b-Xv. Npcp-°-Øn¬ Ahs‚ [\ l-Øn\p {]tbm-P\ - s - ∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvtX
bpsS ]nXr-hy-]p-{X-\mb A_q-e-l_v
hpw Ah≥ kºm-Zn®p sh®-Xp-sam∂pw °mw''- (80:1-˛4).-
ssIIp-S™v Fgp-t∂-‰p-sIm≠v Cß-
s\-]-d™p: "F√m \mfp-I-fnepw˛Imew Xs∂ Ah\v- ChnsS D]-I-cn-®n-√. ]c- as‰mcp kw`hw:- Akzv¿ (km-bm-”)-
apgp-h-\pw˛ \n\°p \miw-!- CXn-\p-th- tem-I-Øm-I-s´, Pzen®p {]Im-in-°p∂ \-a-kvImcw Ign-™m¬ \_n(-) Xs‚
≠n-bmtWm \o Rßsf Hcp-an®p Iqń- BapJw IØn-Pz-en-°p∂ \c-I-Øn¬ `mcy-am-cpsSbSp-°¬ t]mIm-dp-≠m-bn-cp-
bXv?' (_p-Jm-cn-, apkvenw).- JpssdinI- IS-s∂-cn-bp-Ibpw sNøpw. {]h-N-\-k-a- ∂p. Hcp Znhkw A-t±-lw- ssk\-_n()
fn¬ Hcp t\Xmhv IqSn-bmb Abmfpw bØv ]pe-cm-\p≈ Hcp km[y-X-bp-an-√m- s‚bSp-°¬ \n∂v tX≥ IpSn-®p. CX-dn
2006 sk-]v-‰w-_¿- 30
™ ]Xv\n-am-cmb BC-i(-)bpw l^v °p-∂X - p-am-°p-I.- F∂n´pw AXns‚ I¿ tcm \mńepw Hcp ]mSv `mj-I-fp-≠v. Hm
kz(-)bpw IqSn Cßs\ ]d-s™m-Øp;- XrXzw Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sm-Xn-cn-°p-I.- AtX tcm `mj-bnepw [mcmfw {KŸ-ß-fp-ap-
\_n Xß-fp-sS-bm-cp-sS-b-SpØp h∂m kabw Xs‚ Ip‰-ßfpw Ipd-hp-Ifpw B ≠v. Aßs\ `qan-bn-emsI e`y-am-bn-´p
epw Xncp-ta-\n-bn¬\n∂v aKzm-^n-dns‚ {KŸ-Øn¬ Xs∂ ]-cm-a¿-in-°-s∏-Sp- ≈ {KŸ-ßf - psS FÆw tImSn-°W - °
- n-
hmk\ A\p-`-h-s∏-Sp-∂p-ht√m-sb∂p Ibpw Ah Xncp-Øp-hm≥ D]-tZ-in-°s∏ em-Wv. Ch-bpsSsb√mw cN-bn-Xm-°ƒ
]d-b-Ww.- Aßs\ \_n(-) Hcm-fp-sS- -Sp-Ibpw sNøpI.- C-h- Jp¿B\ns‚ am a\p-jy-cm-Wv. hy‡n-Iƒ X\nt®m H∂n-
b-SpØp sN∂-t∏mƒ Ah-c-ßs\ ]d- {Xw khn-ti-j-X-I-fmbn Ah-ti-jn-°p- e-[nIw t]¿ tN¿t∂m \S-Øp∂ cN-\-
bp-Ibpw sNbvXp. "C√. Rm≥ ssk\- ∂p. 1400-˛¬]cw h¿j-ßƒ ]n∂n-s´-¶n I-fp-≠v. {KŸ-Im-cs‚ Bi-bm-Z¿i-ßƒ
_n-s‚-b-Sp-°¬ \n∂v tX≥ IpSn-®-Xm- epw AXns‚ I¿XrXzw Ah-Im-i-s∏-´p- {]N-cn-∏n-°p-I, kmaq-ln-Imw-Ko-Imcw
Wv. C\n-bX - m-h¿Øn-°p-∂X - p-a√
- . Rm≥ sIm≠v Hcp-a-\p-jy\pw apt∂m´v h∂n- t\Sp-I, kmº-ØnI t\´-ap-≠m-°p-I,
i]Yw sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p. \o a‰m-tcmSpw ´p-an-√. Jp¿B≥ a\p-jy-\n¿an-X-a-√. Xs‚ `mh-\b - n-ep≈ kmaq-lnI kwkvI-
CXn-s\-∏‰n {]kvXm-hn-°c - pXv' F-∂v- A- AXns‚ I¿Ømhv apl-ΩZv \_n(-) cWw km[y-am-°pI XpS-ßnb sshhn-
t∂-cw- A-hnSp-∂v- ]--d-™p.- Cu kw`- tbm at‰-sX-¶nepw a\p-jyt\m A√.- [y-am¿∂ e£y-ß-fmWv cN-\bv-°p
hsØ XpS¿∂m-Ws{X C\n-∏-d-bp∂ AXns‚ t{kmX v k¿h-⁄\ - mb ssZ {]tNm-Z-I-ambn h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xv. AXp-
Jp¿B≥hN\w Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s∏-´-Xv:- hw Xs∂-bm-Ip∂p Fs∂√m-an-h- sXfn- sIm-≠p-Xs∂ cN-bn-Xm-hns‚ Ip‰-ßfpw
""tl \_ntb! A√mlp \n\°v A\ph- bn-°p-∂p.- Ipd-hp-Ifpw aqSn-sh-°p-I-bmWv ]Xn-hv.
Z-\o-b-am-°n-Ø-∂n´p≈Xns\ \osb¥n I¿XrXzmhIm-i- hmZw- AtXkabw Xs‚ KpW-K-W-ßƒ hmgv
\p \njn-≤-am-°p∂p? \o \ns‚ `mcy-am- Ø-s∏-Sp-Ibpw AXn\p ]mI-Øn-ep≈
cpsS {]oXnsb tXSp-∂p. A√mlp hf Jp¿-B≥ Hcp Znhy-{K-Ÿ-am-sW-∂Xv- s]mSnss° {]tbm-K-ßƒ \S-Ø-s∏-Sp-
sc s]mdp-°p-∂h - \pw Icp-Wm-\n-[n-bpam- AXns‚ A\p-bmbnIfp-sStbm- Ip--sd- Ibpw sNøpw. Hcp cmPysØ G‰hpw
Ip-∂p''- (66:1).- [nj-Wm-im-en-I-fp-sStbm am{Xw I≠p- henb _p≤n-im-en-Ifpw Adn-hnepw ]cn-
]n- S p- Ø tam Ah- I m- i - h m- Z tam A√. ⁄m-\-Ønepw G‰hpw ap≥]-¥n-bn-se-
Hcp {KŸ-Øns‚ D≈-S°w Xo¿ AXp Jp¿B≥Xs∂ Ah-Im-is - ∏-Sp-∂-
Øpw bp‡n-`-{Zhpw \∑-am-{X-hp-am-bn-cn- Øn-b-h-cp-amb Bfp-I-fpsS kwL-ßƒ
Xm-Wv:- ""Xo¿®-bmbpw CXp (Jp¿B≥) HØp-tN¿∂v amk-°W - °
- nepw h¿j-°-
°p-I.- AXv- -k-a¿∏n-°p∂ hy‡n-bpsS
temI- c£nXmhv Ah-Xc - n-∏n-®X - p- X-s∂- W-°nepw Xe-]p-I-™m-tem-Nn®v k¿h-
hm°p-Ifpw {]hr-Øn-Ifpw ]q¿W-ambpw
bm-Ip-∂p. hniz-kvXm-flmhv (Po_vco¬)- k-ΩX - a
- mbn cq]w sImSp-°p∂ `c-WL - -
AXn-∂-\p-kr-Xhpw ssZhsØ kvXpXn-
\ns‚ lrZ-bØ - n¬ AXpw sIm≠n-dß - n- S-\-Iƒ, \nb-a-hy-h-ÿ-Iƒ XpS-ßnbh
bn-cn-°p-∂p. \o Xm°oXp \¬Ip-∂-hcp t]mepw A°q-´-Øn-ep-≠v. Cß-s\-sbm-
sS Iq´-Øn-em-b-n-cn-°p-hm≥ th≠n-b s°-bm-bn´pw ]c-kv]c sshcp-[yhpw
-s{X AXv. kv-]-jvS-amb Ad_n `mjbn- A{]m-tbm-Kn-I-Xbpw Imc-W-ambn Gsd
emWv (A-X-h-X-cn-∏n-®-Xv)'-' (26:192-˛195).- sshImsX Ah-cp-sS ssI°pXs∂
{]mY-an-Ihpw A\n-hm-cy-hp-amb sXfn-hm- Ah t`Z- K - X n°p hnt[- b - a m- t I≠n
Wn-Xv. Jp¿B≥ ssZhn-I{KŸ-am-sW∂ hcp∂ KXn-tISpw F√m-h¿°pw kp]cn-
Hcp {KŸ-Øns‚ D≈-S°w Xo¿Øpw hmZsØ {i≤m¿l-am-°p-∂Xv- Cu {]kv NnX-am-Wv.
Xm-h-\-bm-Wv. ImcWw,- CXv- a\p-jys‚
bp‡n-`-{Zhpw \∑-am-{X-hp-am-bn-cn-°p-I.- F∂m¬ hnhn[ tZi-ß-fnepw `mj-
k¿h- t Xm- ∑ p- J - a mb hnP- b - Ø n- \ p≈
I-fnepw Ime-ß-fn-ep-ambn A-t\-Iw-
AXv- -k-a¿∏n-°p∂ hy‡n-bpsS ssZhn-I-im-k-\-I-fm-Wv. Ah-bn-te°p
bpK-h-cy-∑m-cmb {]mh-N-I-∑m¿ \ntbm-
hm°p-Ifpw {]hr-Øn-Ifpw ]q¿W- a\p-jys‚ {i≤-£-Wn-°p-hm\pw Ah-
Kn-°-s∏-ń´ps≠∂v- aX-ß-fpsS Ncn{Xw
bpsS Kuchw kqNn-∏n-°p-hm\pw CØ-
ambpw AXn-∂-\p-kr-Xhpw ssZhsØ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. Ah¿s°ms°bpw
c-samcp apJ-hpc A\p-t]-£W - o-ba - m-Wv;-
\n¿h- l n- ° m- \ p- ≠ m- b n- c p∂ Zu- X yw
kvXpXn-°p-∂-Xp-am-°p-I.- F∂n´pw ssZhn-I {KŸ-am-sW∂p hy‡-am-°p∂
ssZth— AYhm ssZhn-I-\n-ba\n¿tZ-
AXns‚ I¿XrXzw Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sm-Xn-cn- Hcp hmNIw t]mep-an-√mØ Nne {KŸ-
i-ßƒ P\-ßƒs°-Øn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-I,
ß-sfbpw AXns‚ A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ ssZ
°p-I.- AtX kabw Xs‚ Ip‰-ßfpw Ah-bv°-\p-k-cn-®p≈ Pohn-X-am-XrI
hn-I-am-sW∂p Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sm-dp-≠v.
ImgvN sh°pI F∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. FØn-
Ipd-hp-Ifpw B {KŸ-Øn¬ Xs∂ A\p-bm-bn-I-fpsS hmZw Hcp km£yw- t°≠ ktμiw Ah¿°p e`n-®Xv Znhy-
]cm-a¿-in-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw Ah Xncp-Øp- am-{X-am-Wv. {]Xyp-X, B {KŸ-Øns‚ sh- f n- ] m- S m- b n- ´ m- W v . Cßs\ Hmtcm
am‰-ßƒ ]cn-tim-[n-°-s∏-tS-≠-Xm-Wv. {]hm-N-I\pw e`n® Znhyshfn-]m-Sp-I-fp
hm≥ D]-tZ-in-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøpI.- AXp-sIm≠v Cu Ah-Im-i-hmZw Hcp sS kam-lm-c-amWv {]-hm-N-I-\-p \¬I-
C-h- Jp¿B\ns‚ am{Xw khn-ti-j-X-I- sXfnhv Xs∂-bmbn amdp-I-bm-Wv. s∏´ thZ-{KŸw sIm≠p-t±-iw. Nne
fmbn Ah-ti-jn-°p-∂p. J-p¿B\n-s‚ {]hm-N-I-∑m¿°p thZ-{KŸw \¬I-s∏-
I¿Øm-hns\ tXSp-tºmƒ ń-ń-√. \¬I-s∏-´-h¿°m-Is´ AXp ]e
`qan-bn¬ Hcp ]mSv \mSp-I-fp-≠v. Hm cq]-ß-fn-em-bn-´mWv e`n-®-Xv. Nne¿°v-
2006 sk-]v-‰w-_¿- 31
amW.-v Ah-bn¬ G‰hpw ap¥nb ap≥K \-S°
- a- p≈ Pohn-If - psS {]Ir-Xn-]c - a
- mb
W\ Cu hnizmkw cqV-aq-e-ambn°-gn- Bh-iy-ßtfm [¿a-ßtfm BWv. ssZ
™m¬ Pohn-X-Øns‚ \m\m-ta-J-e-I- hw CØcw `mh- ß ƒs°m- s °bpw
fnepw hnizm-k-hn-ip-≤nbpw I¿a-hn-ip- AXo- X - \ m- W v . AXp- s Im- ≠ p- X s∂
≤nbpw {]I-Sa - m-IW- w. Aßs\ PohnXw ssZh-Øn\p k¥m-\sØ Btcm-]n-°p-
thZ-{K-Ÿ-ßƒ P\-ß-fpsS apºn-se- \∑-I-fm¬ kar-≤-am-I-Ww. AtX ka I-sb-∂Xp ISpØ ssZh-\n-μ-bm-Wv.
Øn-°p-∂Xv {]hm-N-I-∑m-cmWv.- bw A‘-hn-izm-k-ßfpw A\m-Nm-c-ß ssZh-sØ-∏-‰n-bp≈ ]c-a-]-cn-ip-≤≥
fpw A[¿a-ß-fp-am-Ip∂ Xn∑-I-fn¬ \n F∂ k¶¬]-sØ-t∏mepw A]-lm-ky-
{]hm-N-I-∑m-cm-Is´ hni∏pw Zmlhpw ∂v ]q¿W-ambpw ap-‡-am-h-p-Ibpw th am-°p∂ \S-]S- n-bm-WX - v. ]e aX-°mcpw
hnIm-c-ßfpw hnNm-c-ßfpw ab-°hpw Ww. Ign-hns‚ ]c-am-h[n \∑-Iƒ B¿ ssZh-Øn-s‚bpw alZvhy‡n-If - p-sSbpw
Dd-°hpw £oWhpw ad-hn-bp-sa-√m- Pn®pw Xn∑-Iƒ h¿Pn-®pw-sIm≠v kq i‡n- I - f p- s Sbpw hkv X p- ° - f p- s Sbpw
£n®p Pohn-®m¬ t\Sm≥ t]mIp∂ Cu {]Xo-I-ß-fmb _nw_-ßƒ°p cq]w
ap≈ a\p-jy¿ Xs∂-bm-Wv. Ah-cn¬ temI-Ønse a\x-kw-Xr-]vXn, ]c-tem-I- sImSp-°p-Ibpw Ahbv°p ZnhyXzw I¬
]ecpw hnZym-`ymk tbmKy-X-I-fn-√m-Ø- Ønse Bfl-kw-Xr-]vXn, ]c-am-\-μ-I-c- ]n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p-≠v. F∂n´v Ah
h¿, Nne¿ Xo¿Øpw \nc-£-c-cpw. amb kz¿Kob k¬Imcw XpS-ßn-b-h- sb ssZh-Øns‚ hnXm-\-Øn-te-°p-b¿
sb-°p-dn-®p≈ kt¥m-j-hm¿Ø-Ifpw Øp-Ibpw Ahsb Bcm-[n-°p-Ibpw
Nne¿°p e`n-°p∂ ktμ-i-ß-fpsS \¬Ip-∂p-≠v. AXp-t]mse \∑-Iƒ hnfn®p {]m¿Yn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Cß
]q¿Øo-I-cWw \S-°p-∂Xv \o≠ shSn™pw Xn∑-I-fn¬ apgp-Inbpw tXm s\ Cukm-\-_n(-)-bpsS A\p-bm-bn-
h¿j-ß-fn-eqsSbmWv. ∂nbhmkn-I-fmbn Imew Ign-°p-∂- I-fn¬ Nne¿ At±-lsØ ssZh-]p-{X
h¿°v Hcp-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p∂ thZ-\bp‰ \pw km£m¬ ssZhsØ ]nXm-hp-ambn
\c-I-in-£-I-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ Xm°o-Xp-I- Nn{Xo-I-cn-°m≥ XpS-ßn. Cukm-\-_n
fp-ap-≠v. Hmtcm Imcyw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p- ()-bp-sSbpw amXmhv a¿b(-)-ans‚
tºmgpw "\nßƒ ImWp-∂nt√',- \nßƒ bpw _nw_-ßƒ°p ZnhyXzw I¬]n-°p-
tIƒ°p∂nt√?',- "\nßƒ Nn¥n-°p-∂n Ibpw Ahsb Bcm-[n-°p-Ibpw hnfn®p
t√?',- "\nßƒ D‰m-tem-Nn-°p-∂nt√?' {]m¿Yn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Cßs\ GI-
XpS-ßnb bp‡nsb sXm´p-W¿Øm≥ ssZh k¶¬]w ]q¿W-ambpw hnI-e-am-
H∂n®pw a‰p Nne¿°v- ]e Ime-ß-fn- ]cym-]vX-ß-fmb tNmZy-ßfpw IqsS-Ø- °-s∏´ kml-N-cy-Øn-emWv {]hm-NI
embn L´w L´-am-bpw. s∂-bp-≠v. Cßs\ Jp¿B-≥- sshI-ey- irwJ-e-bnse Ah-km\ IÆn-bmb
thZ-{K-Ÿß - ƒ P\-ßf - psS apºn-se- ß-fn¬ \n∂pw sshcp-[y-ß-fn¬\n∂pw apl-Ω-Zv\-_n(-) Izp¿-B≥ F∂ thZ-
Øn-°p-∂Xv {]hm-N-I-∑m-cmWv.- {]hm-N- ap-‡hpw bp‡n-`-{Zhpw \yq\-X-Iƒ°- {K-Ÿ-hp-ambn \ntbm-Kn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.
I-∑m-cm-Is´ hni∏pw Zmlhpw hnIm-c- Xo-Xh - p-am-Ip-∂p-sh-∂Xv Nn¥-\o-ba - m-Wv. {]hm-N-I-∑m¿°v Ah-cpsS {]hm-N-
ßfpw hnNm-cß - fpw ab-°hpw Dd-°hpw C{Xbpw ]cn-]q¿W-am-IW - s
- a-¶n¬ AXn I-Xz-Øn\v sXfn-hmbn ]e A¤pX
£oWhpw ad-hn-bp-sa-√m-ap≈ a\p-jy¿ s‚ t{kmX v k¿h-⁄-\mb GIssZ ZrjvSm-¥-ßfpw (ap-AvPnkm-Øv) \¬I-
Xs∂-bm-Wv. Ah-cn¬ ]ecpw hnZym- hw Xs∂-bm-bn-cn-°-Ww. s∏-ń-cp-∂p. \ne-Øn-´-t∏mƒ- ]mºm-b,
`ymk tbmKy-X-I-fn-√m-Ø-h¿, Nne¿ C\n Fhn-sS-sb-¶nepw sshI-ey-ß amc-W-°m-cpsS ]mºp-I-sf-sb√mw hngp
Xo¿Øpw \nc-£c - c
- pw. Nne¿°p e`n-°p tfm sshcp-[y-ßtfm ImWp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ ßn-b, ]md-ta-e-Sn-®-t∏mƒ \o-cp-d-h-I-fp-
∂ ktμ-i-ß-fpsS ]q¿Øo-I-cWw \S- AXp a\pjy\n¿an- X - a m- b n- c n- ° - W w. ≠m-°n-b, IS-en-e-Sn-®-t∏mƒ IS-ens\
°p-∂Xv \o≠ h¿j-ß-fn-eqsSbmWv. aqkm-\-_n(-)°p \¬I-s∏´ thZ-{K- c≠mbn ]-nf¿Ønb hSnbpw;- ]pd-sØ-
F∂n´pw `mjm-]-c-amb sshI-ey-ß-fn- Ÿ-amWv Xudm-Øv(-tXm-d). aqkm-\-_n Sp-°p-tºmƒ sh≈ \nd-am-Ip∂ ssII
√, hkvXp-Xm-]-c-amb sshcp-[y-ß-fn-√. ()- bpsS A\p-bm-bn-I-fmb PqX-∑m¿ fpw aqkm\_n()°p \¬I-s∏´ apAv
Cu ktμiw FØn-°p-∂-Xn\v P\-ß- Xß-fpsS CjvSm-\n-jvSß - ƒ°\p-kc - n®v Pnk- Ø p- I - f m- b n- c p- ∂ p. aÆp- s Im≠v
fn¬ \n∂v Hcp {]Xn-ê - hpw Ah¿ Bh- Xudm-Ønse hnizm-k-]-chpw I¿a-]-c ]£n-bpsS cq]-ap-≠m°n AXn-te-°q-Xp-
iy- s ∏- S p- ∂ p- a n- √ . A[n- I m- c - ß - f nepw hp-amb \n¿tZ-iß - f - n¬ t`Z-KX- n-Iƒ hcp- tºmƒ AXn\p Poh-\p-≠m-hp-I, A-‘
ÿm\-am-\-ß-fnepw {]hm-N-I-∑m¿°v Øn. Cu Ah-ÿ-bn-emWv Cukm-\-_n s\ Xs‚ ssIsIm≠v XS-hp-tºmƒ A
t\m´-an-√. kmº-Øn-I-tam-ltam AwKo- () C©o¬ F∂ thZ-{K-Ÿ-hp-ambn ‘X \oßp-I, ]m≠p-Im-cs\ XS-hp
Im-c-hy-{K-Xtbm Ah¿s°m-´p-an-√. C \ntbm-Kn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. At±-l-Øns‚ tºmƒ ]m≠v amdp-I, hoSp-I-fn¬ Ah-
sXmcp hiw. adp-h-i-Øv, thZ-{K-Ÿ-ß- A\p-bm-bn-I-fmb {InkvXym-\n-I-fnepw ti-jn® `£y-hn-`-h-ß-fpsS IW°v
fpsS ktμ-i-ß-fpsS tI{μ-_nμp Ie¿ GI-ssZ-h-hn-izm-k-Øn\p \nc-°mØ IrXy-ambn ]d-bpI XpS-ßn-b-h-bm-bn-
∏n-√m-Ø, kpμ-c-amb GI-ssZ-h-hn-izm- ]e hnizm-km-Nm-c-ßfpw IS-∂p-Iq-Sm≥ cp∂p Cukm-\-_n()°p \¬I-s∏´
k-amWv.- AXns‚ bp‡n-`-{ZX P\-a-\- XpS-ßn. P\n-°p-I, acn-°p-I, izkn-°p- apAvPnk-Øp-Iƒ.- Ch-sbm∂pwXs∂
p-Isf t_m[vs∏-Sp-Øm≥ ]cym-]vX- I, Xn∂p-I, IpSn°p-I, CWtNcp-I, k Ah-cpsS hy‡n-]-c-amb Ign-hp-I-fm-bn-
amb ZrjvSm-¥ß - ƒ°pw sXfn-hp-Iƒ°p- ¥m-\-ß-fp-≠m-IpI XpS-ßn-bh a\p-jy- cp-∂n-√. F√mw A√m-lp-hns‚ A\p-a-
2006 sk-]v-‰w-_¿- 32
Xn-tbm-Sp-IqSn am{Xw {]I-S-am-°-s∏´ cp∂p ho£n-®n-cp-∂-Xv. AsX-{X-am{Xw ßƒ Ah¿°v A⁄m-X-am-bn-cp-∂p.
A¤pX ZrjvSm-¥-ßƒ. Cu hkvXpX AXp-ey-am-bn-cp-∂p-sht∂m? tate-°n-S- DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v CkvdmCueo- {]hm-N-
a\- n-em°n Ch-bpsS ]n∂n¬ {]h¿ bn-ep≈ Ad-_n-°-hn-Ifpw aX-{]-t_m- I-∑m-sc-°p-dn-®p≈ hnh-c-ßƒ Ckvam
Øn-°p∂ GI-ssZ-hsØ Is≠-Øp- [-I-∑mcpw hmKvanIfpw Iq´mbn {ian-®n- Cu¬ k¥- X n- I - f mb Ad- _ n- I ƒ°v
hm\pw Ah-s\-am{Xw Bcm-[n-°p-hm\pw ´p-t]mepw At±-lsØ sh√p-∂-Xn¬ Adn-bp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. J-p¿B\nse ]e
hnfn®p {]m¿Yn-°p-hm\pw ]mI-Øn¬ Ah¿ kl- X m- ] m¿l- a mw- h n[w ]cm- hnh-c-W-ßfpw blq-Z-cp-sSbpw {Inkv
a\p-jy-bp-‡nsb sXm´p-W¿Øp-Ibpw P-b-s∏-Sp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Ch-sb√mw {] Xym-\n-I-fp-sSbpw thZ{KŸß-fn-ep-≈-
a\p-jy-a-\- p-Isf k÷-am-°p-Ibpw hm-N-I-Xz-Øns‚ \nZ¿i-\-ambn A√m Xn¬ \n∂pw Xo¿Øpw hyXy-kvX-hp-am-
Bbn-cp∂p e£yw. lp At±-l-Øn\p \¬Inb Ign-hp-I- Wv. Hcp a\p-jy-s‚, AXpw \nc-£-c-Ip
F∂m¬ A¥y-{]-hm-N-I-\mb apl- fpsS {]Xn-^-e-\-am-bn-cp-∂p. F√m-‰n-\p- £n-bmb Hcp a\p-jy-s‚ Ign-hn-∂-XoX-
- n(-)°v \¬I-s∏´ apAvPnkØv
Ω-Zv\_ ap-]cn At±-l-Øn\p \¬I-s∏´ Znhy- am-Wn-Xv. a\p-jym-cw`w apX¬°p≈
Ch-bn¬ \ns∂√mw XnI®pw hyXy-kvX- sh-fn-]m-Sp-I-fpsS kam-lm-camb Jp¿- kw`-h] - c
- º- c
- I- ƒ C{X IrXy-ambn hni-
am-Wv. At±lw Ckvemw aXw {]t_m- B≥ AXyp-Zm-Ø-amb ZrjvSm-¥-ambn Zo-I-cn®p XcpIsb∂Xv {XnIm-e-⁄m-
[\w sNøp∂ Ime-L´- Ø - n¬ Atd_y hncm-Pn-°p-∂p. Ccp-]-Øn-aq∂p h¿j- \n-bmb A√m-lp-hn\p am{Xsa Ign-bq.
A⁄m-\m-‘-Im-c-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂p-sh- °mew sIm≠mWv AXns‚ Ah-X- A\ym-Zr-i-ssi-en
¶nepw Ad- _ n- k m- l nXyw AXns‚ cWw ]q¿Øn-bm-b-Xv. F∂n´pw AXn¬ `qan-bn¬ Hcp-]mSv `mj-I-fn-embn
DØpw-K-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂p. apl-ΩZv\_n `mjm-]-c-amb sshI-ey-ßtfm hkvXp- FºmSpw cN-\-I-fp-≠-t√m. Ch-bpsS
()-bm-I-s´ Xo¿Øpw \nc-£-c-\p-am-bn- Xm-]-c-amb sshcp-[y-ßtfm C√. F√m- sbms° ssien H∂p-In¬ KZyw As√-
cp-∂p. \mev]Xp hb- p-hsc XnI®pw \n-ebv°pw AXv XnI®pw A\yq-\a - m-Wv. ¶n¬ ]Zyw BWv. kmln-Xy-`w-Knbpw
km[m-c-Whpw im¥-hp-amb Hcp Pohn AXns‚ {]Xn-]m-Z\ ssien AXn-hn-ka v - ssieo-h-iy-Xbpw Bib Kmwò-cy-hp-
Xw \bn- ° p- I - b m- b n- c p∂p At±- l w. b-I-camw hn[w bp‡n-`-{Z-am-Wv. A°m- samØ F{Xtbm cN-\-Iƒ A°q-´-Øn
AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ At±lw Ckveman eØv Xo¿Øpw A⁄m-Xhpw C\nbpw ¬ ImWmw. Ad-_n-`m-jbpw CØcw cN
I {]t_m-[\w Bcw-`n-®-t∏mƒ At±-l- A\m-h-cWw sNø-s∏-Sm-\-n-cn-°p-∂-Xp- \-IƒsIm≠v kº-∂-am-Wv. F∂m¬
Øns‚ hmIvNmXp-cn-sbbpw {]kw-K-]m- amb Hcp-]mSv imkv{Xob kqN-\-Iƒ Ad-_n-`m-j-bp-ambn t\cnb _‘-sa-¶n-
S-h-sØbpw Atd_y apgp-h≥ `bm-Z-c- AXns‚ ssZhn- I - X - b v - ° p≈ DØa ep-ap-≈-h¿°p s]mXp-hnepw ASpØ
ß-tfmSpw hnkva-b-tØmSpw IqSn-bm-bn- ZrjvSm-¥-ambn ]cn-e-kn-°p-∂p. _‘-ap-≈-h¿°p {]tXy-In®pw hfsc
ZrIvkm-£n- k-am-\ -hn-h-cWw Ffp-∏Ø - n¬ t_m[y-s∏-Sp∂ Jp¿B\n
s‚ Hcp khn-ti-j-X-bmWv AXns‚
ap≥Kman-I-fmb {]hm-N-I-∑m-cpsS
ssien KZytam ]Zytam As√-∂p-≈-Xv.
ÿnXn-K-Xn-Iƒ Hcp ZrIvkm£n hnh-
a\p-jys‚ Cl-]-c- ku-`m-Ky-ßƒ°p
cWw t]mse-bmWv Jp¿B≥ Ah-X-cn-
\nZm-\-amb sshhn-[y-am¿∂ hnj-b-ß
∏n-°p-∂-Xv. BZw, \qlv, CZvcokv, lqZv,
sf tIm¿Øn-W° - nb kmln-Xy-`w-Knbpw
kzmen-lv, C_vdmlo-w, eqXzv, CkvamCu
ssieo-h-iy-Xbpw Bi-b-Kmw-ò-cy-hpw-
¬, CkvlmJ-,v bAvJq_v, bqkp-^v,
A-Xp-ey-amWv; A\ym-Zr-ia - m-Wv. AXns‚
bq\p-kv, blvbm, Zmhq-Zv, kpsse-am≥,
hmN-I-ssi-enbpw LS-\m-cq-]hpw \nXy-
apl-ΩZv\_n( )-bm-I-s´ Xo¿Øpw aqkm, lmdq≥, Cukm XpSßn Ccp-]-
\q-X-\hpw A\p-]-hp-amW-v. Ad_n km
\nc-£-c-\p-am-bn-cp-∂p. \mev]Xp hb- Øn-b©p {]hm-N-I-∑m¿ t]cp-I-fnepw
ln- X y- i m- k v { Xw, Ae- ¶ m- c - i mkv { Xw
Ah-c-√mØ F{Xtbm t]¿ s]mXp-hn
p-hsc XnI®pw km[m-c-Whpw im¥- F∂n-h-bpsS Bhn¿`mhw Xs∂ Jp
epw ]cm-a¿in-°s - ∏-Sp-∂p-≠v. AXn-s\∏- ¿Bs\ B[m-c-am-°n-bm-Wv.
hp-amb Hcp PohnXw \bn-°p-I-bm-bn- ‰nbp≈ Izp¿B\nse kqN-\-bn-ßs\:
Nne DZm-l-c-W-ßƒ Im-Wp-I-:- ""A
cp∂p At±-lw. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ ""(\-_n-tb) Ah-sbms° AZr-iy- √mlp BIm-iß - f- p-sSbpw `qan-bp-sSbpw
At±lw CkvemanI {]t_m-[\w hm¿Ø-I-fn¬ s]´-Xm-Ip-∂p. \n\°v {]Im-i-am-Ip-∂p. Ahs‚ {]Im-i-Øn
\maXp ktμ-i-ambn \¬Ip-∂p. \otbm s‚ D]-ab - nXm! (Np-ac - n¬ hnf°v sh°m-
Bcw-`n-®-t∏mƒ At±-l-Øns‚ \ns≥-d- P\-Xtbm CXn\p apºv AX-dn- \p-≈) Hcp amSw. AXn-semcp hnf-°v.
hmIvNmXp-cn-sbbpw {]kw-K-]m-S-h- bp-am-bn-c∂
- n-√. AXp-sIm≠v £an-°p-I. hnf°v Hcp kv^Sn-IØ - n-\I- Ø
- v. kv^Sn
sØbpw Atd_y apgp-h≥ `bm-Z-c-ß- Xo¿®-bmbpw A\-¥-c-êw kq£vaX Iw Pzen-°p∂ Hcp \£{Xw t]mse-bn
]men-°p-∂h - ¿°v A\p-Iq-ea - m-bn-cn°pw''- -cn-°p-∂p. A\p-Kr--lo-X-amb Hcp hr£-
tfmSpw hnkva-b-tØmSpw IqSn-bm-bn- (10:49).- Øn¬\n-∂mWv AXn\p (hn-f-°n-∂p)
cp∂p ho£n-®n-cp-∂-Xv. \_n(-)°pw At±-l-Øns‚ P\-X- C‘\w \¬I-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. AXm-b-Xv,
bmb Ad-_n-Iƒ°pw thZ-{K-Ÿ-ß-sf- Ing°p `mK-Øp-≈tXm ]Sn-™mdp `mK-
∏‰n ap≥]cn-N-b-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. AXp- Øp-≈tXm A√mØ Henhv hr£-Øn
sIm≠v CØcw {]mNo-\-Im-e -kw-`-h- ¬\n∂v.- AXns‚ FÆ Xo Xń-bn-ń-s√-
2006 sk-]v-‰w-_¿- 33
Bflm-hn\pw a\- n\pw IÆn\pw shfn bp∂ Hcp t]am-cn-tbm-Sm-Ip-∂p. AtXm-
®w \¬Ip-∂Xpw B {]Im-iw-Xs - ∂. k sSm∏w Iqcn-cp´pw CSnb-pw an∂-ep-ap-≠v.
i‡-amb CSnbpw an∂epw t]am-cnbpw Ie Ncm-Nc - ß
- ƒ°pw AX-Xns‚ BIr- CSn-\m-Z-ßƒ \nanØw acWw `b∂v
Iqcn-cp-fp-ap≈ Hcp cm{Xn-bn-e-I-s∏-´m-e- Xhpw {]mIr-X-hp-amb khn-ti-j-X-I-fn- Ah¿ Xß-fpsS hnc-ep-Isf Xß-fpsS
tØ-Xp-t]m-se-bmWv I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I- te°v am¿KZ¿i\w \¬Ip∂ shfn-® sNhn-I-fn¬ CSp∂p! A√mlp Ahn-izm-
hpw Ah-\n¬\n-∂p-X-s∂. kqcy\pw kq kn-Isf hebw sNøp-∂-h-\m-Ip-∂p.
fpsS Ahÿ.- Ah¿s°m-cn-°epw cys\ sh√p∂ tImSm-\p-tImSn \£-{X- an∂¬- A-h-cpsS ImgvN-Isf dm©n-sb-
kzÿ-Xtbm a\- -am-[m-\tam C√. ßƒ°pw shfn®w Im´p-∂Xpw AtX Sp-°p-am-dm-Ip-∂p. AX-h¿°p- sh-fn®w
kwi-b-ßfpw Bi-b-°p-g-∏-ßfpw H-cp {]Imiw H∂p-X-s∂. AsX, AJn-em- \¬Ip-tºm-sgms° Ah-cX - n¬ \S-°pw.
fihpw AJne hkvXp-°fpw B {]Im- AX-hc - n¬ Ccp-´m-°n-bm¬ Ah¿ \nt∂-
hi-Øv. ]cn-{`-ahpw òXnbpw thsdmcp °p-Ibpw sNøpw. A√mlp D-t±-in-®n-cp-
i-Øn-\m¬am{Xw {]Im-in-X-am-Ip-∂p.
hi-Øv. \_n(-kz)-bp-sSbpw kXy-hn-izm- Fhn-sS, F¥v, Fßs\ A‘-Im-c-a-b- ∂p-sh-¶n¬ Ah-cpsS tIƒhnb-pw Ah-
kn-I-fp-sSbpw ]£Øv tN¿∂m-ep-≠m- a-√m-Xn-cn-°p-∂pthm Ahn-sS, AXv, A{]- cpsS ImgvN-Ifpw Ah≥- sIm≠p-t]m-
Imcw {]Im-i-a-b-am-Ip-∂Xv B {]Im-i- Ip-I(F-Sp-Øp-I-f-bp-I)-Xs∂ sNøp-am-
Ip∂ t\´-ßfpw AtXm-sSm∏w AXn- bn-cp-∂p. \n›-b-ambpw A√mlp F√m
Øm¬ am{X-am-bn-cn-°pw. F√mw A√m-
\m¬ t\cn-t´-°p∂ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø- lp-hns‚ {]Imiw! Ah-\s{X BIm-i- Imcy-Øn\pw Ign-hp-≈h - \
- m-Ip∂p''- (2:17-
ßfpw as‰mcp hi-Øv. Ahn-izm-kn-I- `q-an-If
- psS {]Imiw? (hn-ip-≤- Jp¿B≥ ˛20).-
fpsS IqsS tN¿∂m¬ e`n-°p∂ hnh-cWw: 24:-35s‚ hnh-c-Ww).- i‡-amb CSnbpw an∂epw t]am-
""kv^SnIw t]mse sXfn™pw Id- cnbpw Iqcn-cp-fp-ap≈ Hcp cm{Xn-bn-e-I-
kzm¿Y-ßfpw `hn-jy-Øp-°fpw s∏-´m-et- Ø-Xp-t]m-se-bmWv I]-Sh - n-izm-
]n-Sn-°m-sXbpw kXy-hn-izm-kn-bpsS s\
thsdbpw. ©n-\-IØv \ne-sIm-≈p∂ {]tim-`n-X- kn-If - psS Ahÿ.- Ah¿s°m-cn-°epw
amb lrZ-bw-˛-A-Xns‚ t\cmb Nn¥m- kzÿ-Xtbm a\- -am-[m-\tam C√.
K-Xnbpw t_m[-]q¿h-amb hnizm-k-Zm¿ kwi-b-ßfpw Bi-b-°p-g-∏-ßfpw scp
Vyhpw \nan-Øw-˛-kzbw Xs∂ t\¿am¿ hi-Øv. ]cn-{`-ahpw òXnbpw thsdmcp
K-Øns‚ {]Im-i-Øn-te°v \oßn-s°m- hi-Øv. \_n(-)-bp-sSbpw kXy-hn-izm-
≠n-cn-°pw. AtXm-Sp-IqSn hy‡a-mb kn-I-fp-sSbpw ]£Øv tN¿∂m-ep-≠m-
¶n¬ t]mepw {]Im-in-°p-am-dm-Ip-∂p. Ip∂ t\´-ßfpw AtXm-sSm∏w AXn-
(A-ß-s\) {]Im-i-Øn\p ta¬ {]Im- sXfn-hp-Ifpw e£y-ß-fp-am-Ip∂ Jp¿
\m¬ t\cn-t´-°p∂ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-ß
iw. A√mlp Xm\p-t±-in-°p-∂-hsc X B\ns‚ ktμ-i-ßƒ e`n-°p-tºmƒ
fpw as‰mcp hi-Øv. Ahn-izm-kn-I-fpsS
s‚ {]Im-i-Øn-te°p \bn-°p-∂p. A AXp IqSp-X¬ IqSp-X¬ {]Im-i-am-bn-
IqsS tN¿∂m¬ e`n-°p∂ kzm¿Y--ß
√mlp P\-ßƒ°p-th≠n D]-aI - ƒ hnh- Øo-cp-∂p. AsX, {]Im-i-Øn-\p-ta¬
fpw `hn-jy-Øp-°fpw thsdbpw. ta¬
cn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-∂p. A√mlp GXp Imcy- {]Im-ihpw k∑m¿K-Øn-\p-ta¬ k∑m¿
kq‡-ß-fnse D]-a-Isf Cßs\ hym
sØ-∏-‰nbpw Adn-hp-≈-h-\s{X''- (24:35).- K-hpw''- F∂v- ap≥Km-an-I-fmb Jp¿B≥
Jym-\n-°p-∂h - c
- p-≠v. as‰mcp hymJym\w
hymJymXm°-fn¬ {]ap-J-\mb Camw
CXns\ apl-ΩZv Aam\n au-e-hn- Cß-s\-bm-Wv:- I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS
C_v \ - p P- c o¿()- hnh- c n- ° p- ∂ - X mbn
XpS-ßn-bh - ¿ Cßs\ hni-Zo-Ic - n-°p∂p: kwi-bw, Im]-Syw, Bi-b°-p-g-∏w, Zp¿
ta¬ hnh-cWw XpS-cp-∂p.
""lrZ-b-ap-≈-h¿°v Nn¥n-°p-hm\pw I tamlw BZn-bm-b-h-bm-Ip∂ Iqcn-cpƒ;-
Æp-≈-h¿°v ImWp-hm\pw ImXp-≈-h¿ F∂m¬ th≠- s ∏´ Imcy- ß ƒ Ah-cpsS \∑-°mbn A√mlp Ah-X-
°v tIƒ°p-hm\pw kXym-t\z-jn-Iƒ°v tI´p a\- n-em-°p-Itbm bmYm¿Y-y- cn-∏n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ Jp¿B≥hN-\-
Imcyw a\- n-em-°p-hm\pw `mKy-hm-∑m ßƒ hmb Xpd∂p kwkm-cn-°p-Itbm ßƒ, ktμ- i - ß ƒ, Zrjv S m- ¥ - ß ƒ,
¿°v hnPbw kn≤n-°p-hm\pw aXn-bmb IÆp- s Im- ≠ v - t\m- ° n- ° m- W p- I tbm hn[n-hn-e-°p-Iƒ BZn-bm-b-h-bm-Ip∂
{]IrXnZrjvSm-¥ß - ƒ, Znhy-e£ - y-ßƒ, sNøm-Ø-h-sc-°p-dn-®p≈ [mcmfw D]- ag;- Znhy-k-tμ-i-ß-fnse Xm°o-Xp-I-fm-
thZ{]am-W-ßƒ, {]hm-N-Im-[ym-]-\- a-I-fn¬- NneXv- Im-Wp-I-:- Ip∂ CSn,- ZrjvSm-¥-ßfpw kt¥m-j-
ßƒ BZn-bm-bh aptJ\ BIm-i-`q-an- ""Ahsc D]-an-°p-∂Xv Hcm-tfm-Sm-Ip- hm¿Ø-I-fp-am-Ip∂ an∂¬]n-W-cp-I-ƒ-.
bn-ep-≈-h¿s°√mw kXy-{]-Imiw \¬ ∂p. Abmƒ X-o IØn®p. ]cn-kc - a
- msI Xm°o-Xp-Ifpw imk-\-Ifpw tI´v kln-
Inbh≥ A√m-lp-hs - {X. Zp¿am¿K-Øn¬ {]Im-in-Xa- m-bt- ∏mƒ A√mlp Ah-cpsS °-h-ømsX Xncn-™p-I-f-bp-∂Xv CSn\m-
\n∂v k∑m¿K-Øn-te°pw Zu¿`mKy-Øn {]Imiw sISp-Øn-°-f-bp-Ibpw H∂pw Zw- \nanØw ImXp s]mØp-∂X - p-t]m-se-
¬\n∂v ku`m-Ky-Øn-te°pw ]cm-P-b- ImWm-\m-hmsX Ccp-ń¬ (X-∏p-hm≥) bm-Wv. kXy-am¿Kw kzoI-cn-®m-ep-≠m-Ip
Øn¬\n∂v hnP-b-Øn-te°pw A⁄m- Ahsc hnSp-Ibpw sNbvXp. _[n-ccpw ∂ sFln-Ihpw ]mc-{Xn-I-hp-amb \∑-
\m-‘I - m-cØ- n¬\n∂v hn⁄m-\s - h-fn-®- Dua-Ifpw A‘-∑m-cp-am-Ip∂p Ah¿. I-sf-°p-dn®v Nne-t∏mƒ Ah¿°p t_m
Øn-te°pw ]cn-{`-aØ - n¬\n∂v im¥n-bn- AXn-\m¬ Ah¿ (k-Xy-Øn-te-°p) Xncn t[m-Z-b-ap-≠mIpw.- Aßs\ A¬]w ap
te°pw shfn®w \¬Ip∂ {]Imiw ®phcn--I-bn-√. As√-¶n¬ (A-h-sc) D]- t∂m´v t]mIpw. At∏m-gXm kzm¿Y- hn
A√m- l p- h n- t ‚- X - s {X. ico- c - Ø n\pw an-°m-hp-∂Xv BIm-i-Øp-\n∂v sNmcn- Nm-c-ßfpw ]co-£-W-L-´-ßfpw Hm¿a-
2006 sk-]v-‰w-_¿- 34
h-cp-∂p. AtXmsS kvXw`-\Ø - n-em-Ip∂p. √''- (24:39-˛40).- acp-`q-an-bnse Zmlm¿Ø- lp-hns\ `b-∂-Xn-\m¬ (Iogvt]m´pcp-
an∂¬ shfn-®-Øn¬ apt∂m-´p-t]m-Ip- \mb a\p-jy≥ Aß-Ise shbn-en¬ ≠p-) hogp-∂-h-bpw. \nßƒ {]h¿Øn-
sa∂pw Ccp-´m-bm¬ \n∂p t]mIp-sa an\p-ßp∂ a-co-Nn-I- Pem-i-b-am-sW∂p °p-∂-Xn-s\-∏‰n A√mlp A{i-≤-s\m-
∂pw ]d-™-Xns‚ Xm¬]cy-an-X-s{X. IcpXn AXns\ kao-]n-°p-tºmƒ Ahn ∂p-a-√''-(2:74).- kZp-]-tZ-i-ßtfm Xm°o-
C\n A-hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS I¿a-ß-fp sS bmsXm∂pw ImWm-ØX - p-t]mse ]c- Xp-Itfm {]th-in-°mØ lrZ-b-ßfpw
sS D]a t\m°q:- ""Ahn-iz-kn-®n-´-p-≈-h- tem-IsØ {]bm-kt- a-dnb k∂n-Kv[ - -L
- - kXyw, k∑m¿Kw, kzc£ F∂n-h-sb-
cm-I-s´, Ah-cpsS I¿a-ßƒ acp-`q-an-bn ´-Øn¬ kXy-hn-izm-k-an-√mØ Xs‚ °p-dn®v Nn¥n-°m≥ Iq´m-°mØ a\x-
se a-co-Nn-I- t]mse-bm-Ip-∂p. Z-ml-n-®h I¿a-ßƒ ê-iq-\y-am-sW∂p ImWpw. ÿnXnbpw Cu ISpØ ]md-°-√p-I-sf-
≥ AXp sh≈-am-sW∂p [cn-°p-∂p.- A- Chn-SpsØ Ah-ÿtbm? ta¬°pta¬ °mƒ ISp-I-Sp-Ø-Xp-X-s∂.
ßs\ Ah≥- AXn-∂-SpØp sN√p-tºm Xnc-am-eI - fpw Ah-bv°p-aosX Im¿ta-L- A√m-lp-hns‚ am¿K-Øn¬ [\w
ƒ Aß-s\- H-∂-v D-≈X - m-bn- X-s∂- Ah≥- ]-S-e-ßfpw IqSn Ccp-f-S™ Hcp alm- sNe-h-gn-°p-∂-Xns‚ alØ-zw hni-Zo-
Is≠-Øp-I-bn-√. F-∂m¬- X-s≥-d- ASp k-ap-{Z-Øn¬s]´-h-sc-t∏mse hnizm-k- I-cn-°p-∂Xp t\m°mw:- ""A√m-lp-hns‚
-Øv- A√m-lp-hns\ A-h≥- Is≠-Øp- Ønepw hm°p-I-fnepw I¿a-ß-fnepw am¿K- Ø n¬ Xß- f psS kzØp- ° ƒ
∂-Xm-Wv. At∏mƒ (A-√m-lp) Ah∂v- A‘-Im-cw.- Nn¥nt®m I≠pw tI´pw sNe-hg- n-°p-∂h - s-c D]-an-°m-hp-∂X - -v Hcp-
A-h-s‚ I-W-°v- Xo¿-Øp-sIm-Sp-°-p-∂- a\- n-em-°ntbm Imcy-ßƒ {Kln-°m≥ [m-\y-aW - n-tbm-Sm-Ip-∂p.- A-X-v G-g-v I-Xncp
Xm-Wv.- -A√mlp A-Xn-th-Kw- I-W-°v- Ign-bmsX lrZ-bØ - nepw IÆnepw ImXn -Iƒ- D¬-]m-Zn-∏n-®p.- Hm-tcm -I-Xn-cnepw \q
t\m-°p-∂-h-\-s{X-. As√-¶n¬ B-g-°- epw A‘-Imcw.- Z-rj - Sv m-¥ß - ƒ {]m]yam- dp [m\y-a-Wn-bpw.- -A√m-lp Xm-\p-t±-in-
S-en-se- C-cp-´p-Iƒ- t]m-se-bm-Ip-∂p- (A- Im-Xn-cn-°p-I, D]-tZ-iß - ƒ ê-s∏-Sm-Xn- °p-∂h - ¿°v Cc-ńbn-c´- n-bmbn \¬-Ip∂p.-
h-cpsS {]-h¿-Ø-\-ß-fp-sS- D-]-a).-- Xn-c- cn-°p-I, ⁄m\t_m[-an-√m-Xn-cn-°pI A√mlp hn]p-e-am-b- I-gn-hp-≈-h-\pw-
am-e- A-Xn-s\- (I-S-en-s\)- s]m-Xn-bp-∂p.- XpS-ßn-bh thsdm-cp-h-i-Øpw. F√mw- (F-√mw) Adn-bp-∂h - \
- p-am-Ip-∂p''- (2:261).-
A-Xn-\p-ao-sX- ho-≠pw- Xn-c-am-e.- A-Xn- IqSn A‘-Im-c-Øn-\p-ta¬ A‘-Imcw!
""A√m-lp-hns‚ {]oXn tX-Sn-s°m-
\p-ao-sX- Im¿-ta-Lw.- A-ß-s\- H-∂n-\p- Ahn-izm-kn-If - psS I¿a-ßf - psS ê- ≠pw- Xß-fpsS a-\- p-I-fn¬ (k-Xy-hn-
ao-sX- a-s‰m-∂m-bn- A-t\-Iw- C-cp-´p-Iƒ.- iq-\y-X-sb-∏-‰n-bp≈ as‰m-cp-]-a-bnXm:- izm-kw)- D-d-∏n-®p-sIm-≠pw- [\w sNe-
A-h-s≥-d- ssI- ]p-d-tØ-°p- \o-ń-bm¬- "Cu sFl-nI Pohn-XØ - n¬ Ah¿ Nne- h-gn-°p-∂-h-sc D]-an-°m-hp-∂-Xv- H-cp- D-
A-Xp-t-]m-epw- A-h≥- Im-Wpam-dm-In-√. h-gn-°p-∂X - ns‚ D]a Hcp Im‰ns‚ amXn- b¿-∂- kv-Y-e-Øv- kv-Yn-Xn-sN-øp-∂- tXm-
A-√m-lp- B¿-°v- {]-Im-iw- \¬-In-bn-ń- cn-bm-Ip-∂p. AXn¬ AXn-ssi-Xy-ap-≠v. ´-tØm-Sm-Ip-∂p.-AXn-s∂mcp I\Ø ag-
√-tbm- A-h-∂v- bm-sXm-cp- {]-Im-i-hp-an- Xß-fpsS kz¥-ß-tfm-Sp-Xs∂ A{Iaw In-ńb-t∏mƒ- A-Xv- c≠n-c´- n-Im-bI v- \- n-Iƒ-
{]h¿Øn® Hcp P\-X-bpsS Irjn-bn-S- \¬-In.- C\n AXn∂v- I\Ø agsbm-
Øn\v- AXp _m[n-®p. F∂n-´X - ns\ AXp ∂pw- Inń-bn-√,- H-cp Nmd¬a-gtb- e-`n-®p-
\in-∏n®p If-™p. (C-ß-s\-bp≈ Hcp ≈q- F-¶n¬- A-Xpw- a-Xn-bm-Ip-∂-Xm-Wv.-
Im‰ns‚ amXn-cn.)....''-(3:117).- D¬]∂ß A√mlp \nßƒ {]h¿Øn-°p-∂sX
sf ac-hn-∏n®v \in-∏n-°p∂ AXnssiXy- √mw- I≠-dn-bp-∂-h-\m-Ip-∂p''- (2:265).-
ap-≈- Hcp sImSp-¶m‰v _m[n-®m¬ Irjn-
A-√m-lp-hn-s≥-d- am¿-K-Øn-¬- [-\w- A-√m-lp-hn-s≥-d- am¿-K-Øn-¬- [-\w-
bn-S-ß-fnse ê-ßƒ \jvS-s∏-Sp-∂-Xp-
sN-eh - g - n-°p- I
- s
- b-∂- \-∑b - °v- v- F-gp-∂qdn
sN-e-h-gn-°-p-I-sb-∂- \-∑-bv-°v- F-gp-∂q- t]mse Ahn-izm-kn-I-fpsS Ahn-izmk
-c-ń- {]-Xn-^-ew- \¬-Ip-sa-∂pw- A-√m-lp-
dn-c-ń- {]-Xn-^-ew- \¬-Ip-sa-∂pw- A-√m- hpw AX-\p-kc - n-®p≈ Zpjv{]hr-Øn-Ifp-
D-t±-in-°p-∂-h¿-°v- A-Xn-epw- Iq-Sp-X-em-
am-Ip∂ sImSp-¶m‰v Ah-cpsS I¿a-^-e-
lp- D-t±-in-°p-∂-h¿-°v- A-Xn-epw- Iq-Sp- bn- \-e-Ip-sa-∂p-am-Wv- 2:-261 kq-Nn-∏n-°p-
ß-sfbpw \jvS-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p-sh-∂¿Y-w.
∂-Xv.- hnizm-k-Zm¿Vyhpw- Dt±-i-ip≤n
X-em-bn- \-e-Ip-sa-∂p-am-Wv- 2:-261 kq-Nn- [n°mcØn-\p-ta¬- [n°mcw ImWn- bp-sam-Ø- k¬-I¿-a-ßƒ- D-b¿-∂- ta-Sp
∏n-°p-∂-Xv.- hnizm-k-Zm¿Vyhpw- Dt±-i- ®n´pw A√mlp A\p-{K-l-Øn-\p--ta¬ {]-tZ-i-sØ- Ir-jn-t]-m-se-bm-Wv.- Nm-d¬-
A\p-{Klw sNmcn-™p-sIm-SpØ Hcp a-g- In-ń-bm¬- t]m-epw- \-√- ^-ew- In-´pw.-
ip-≤nbp-sam-Ø- k¬-I¿-a-ßƒ- D-b¿-∂-
P\-X-bmWv CkvdmCu¬ k¥-Xn-Iƒ.- hnizm-k-Zm¿Vyw, Dt±-i-ip-≤n, \njvIf-
ta-Sp-{]-tZ-i-sØ- Ir-jn-t]-m-se-bm-Wv.- Ah-cpsS lrZ-b-Im-Tn-\ysØ ]md-tbm ¶X F∂n-hbv-°-\p-k-cn®v {]Xn-êw
Nm-d¬- a-g- In-ń-bm¬- t]m-epw- \-√- ^-ew- Sp]- a n- ° p- ∂ - X nse at\m- l m- c n- X bpw h¿[-n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-sa∂p kmcw.
Kmwò-cyhpw t\m°q:- ""F∂n-´-Xn\p ti
In-´pw.- hnizm-k-Zm¿Vyw, Dt±-i-ip-≤n, lrZ-bm-h¿P-I-ßfpw Nnt¥m±-n]I-
jhp-w \nß-fpsS a-\- p-Iƒ- ISp-Øp-
\njvIf-¶X F∂n-hbv-°-\p-k-cn®v ßfpw XnI®p {]k-‡-ß-fp-amb CØ
t]m-bn.- Ah ]m-d-t]m-se-tbm- A-Xn-s\-
cw F{Xtbm D]-aI - ƒ C\n-bp-ap≠v Jp¿
{]Xn-êw h¿[-n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-sa∂p °mƒ- I-Sp-Ø-tXm- B-bn- `-hn-®p.- \n›-
B\n¬.- Ch-b-{Xbpw \nc-£-c\-mb
b-ambpw ]m-dI-fn¬- Nn-eX - n¬-\n-∂v- Acp-
kmcw. apl-Ω-sZ∂ Ad-_n-bpsS `mh-\-bn¬
hn-Iƒ s]mń-sbm-gp-Im-dp-≠v.- Nn-e-Xv-
Xfn-cn-´X - m-sW-∂Xv- Xo¿Øpw Ahn-iz-k-
s]mń-∏n-f¿∂v- AXn-eqsS sh≈w ]pd-
\o-b-at√?
Øp-hc - p-∂p.- Ah-bn¬X-s∂-bp-≠v A√m-
2006 sk-]v-‰w-_¿- 35
A-\p-`-hw-
Nn-¥-bp-sS- A-\-¥-c-^-ew-
blvb Ac-o-t°mSv ]Ømw-¢mkv ]co£ Ign™Xn\p- sNdp-∏Ø - n¬ Fs‚ Hcp t]Sn-kz-]v\-

tijw Pn-Ωn¬ t]mI-m≥ XpS-ßn. lnμn am-bn-cp∂p "ac-Ww'. hb- mb Bfp-Isf
Rm≥ Hcp km[m-cW lnμp-Ip-Spw- ^nenw-Ãm¿ k¬-am≥-Jm-t\m-Sp≈ ISp √mw acn-°p∂p!- CXp-t]mse Rm\pw Hcp-
_-ØnemWv P\n-®X - v. A—\pw AΩbpw Ø BI¿j-W-amWv Imc-Ww. πkvSp- \mƒ acn-°p-sa∂ ]c-a-kXyw Hm¿a-h-
c≠p A\p-P-Øn-amcpw AS-ßp-∂-XmWv tImtf- P n¬ sh¬Iw ]m¿ń- I - f nepw cp-tºmƒ Rm≥ sRń-Ø-cn-®n-cp-°p-am-
F-s≥-d- IpSpw-_w. sNdp-∏Ø - n¬ _mw•q- tÃPnepw Rm≥ Um≥kv sNøp-am-bn-cp- bn-cp-∂p. CXv CS-°n-Sbv°v D≠m-Ip-am-
cn-em-bn-cp∂p Xma-kw. H∂mw ¢m n¬ ∂p. bn-cp-∂p. CXp-≠m-Ip-tºmƒ Rm≥ h√m-
tNcp-∂-Xn-\mbn \mń¬h∂p. Hcp]mSp CSbv°v Aº-e-Øn-ep-sams° t]m sXmcp i_vZ-tØmsS Fgpt∂¬°p-am-
_‘p- ° ƒ D≈ ^man- e n- b m- W v . Hcp Im-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. BZysØ Fs‚ hn bn-cp-∂p. A—-\pw- A-Ωbpw tNmZn°pw
IpSw-_t- £-{X-ap-≠v. AΩ-bpsS hońepw izm-khpw Fs‚ Np‰p-]mSpw XΩn¬ bm F¥p-]-‰n-sb∂v.- H∂p-an-s√∂v ]d™v
IpSpw-_t£{X-ap-≠v. AXv Hcp t£{X- sXmcp _‘-hp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. πkv Sp- Rm≥ InS-°pw. Fs‚ Poh-\m-Ip∂ Cu
a√;- Hcp-]mSv ]qP-Ifpw \mK-Øm≥]m- hn\v Fs‚ hn-jb - w- kb≥-k-v Bbncp∂p. Bflmhv Cu hnime {]]-©-Øn¬-
´p-Ifpw \S-°p∂ Hcp Imhv. a\pjy ico-c-sØ-°p-dn®pw {]Ir-Xn-sb- ebn- ® p- t ]m- I p- s a- ∂ m- b n- c p∂p Fs‚
Hcp-]msSm-cp-]mSv A‘-hn-izm-k-ß- °p-dn-®p-ap≈ ]T-\w. CXpw Fs‚ hnizm- [mcW.
fpsS CS- b n- e mWv hf¿∂- X v . Rm≥ khpw XΩn¬ bmsXmcp _‘-hp-ap-≠m- π- k v - S p- h n\v ]Tn- ° p∂- Im- e Øv -
\∂mbn ]Tn-®n-cp-∂p. 10˛mw ¢m -n-em-b- bn-cp-∂n-√. Rm≥ I-Æn-s\-°p-dn-®pw- A-Xn-s≥-d- A-
t∏m-tg°pw kn\n-a-bpsSbpw ayqkn-°n- C-kv-em-an-te-°p-≈- ]m-X- ¤pX-I-c-am-b- kw-hn-[m-\-sØ-°p-dn-®pw-
s‚bpw Hcp D-]m-k-I-\m-bn- -am-dn. sNdp- Nn¥n-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. sNdnb IÆp-I-fn-
∏-Ønte kn\n-ab - n-sems° `b-¶c A`n- PnΩnse CS-th-f-I-fn¬ Fs‚- amjv
eq-sS-bmWv \mw- Cu henb {]]©sØ-
\n-th-i-am-bn-cp-∂p.- Hcp ^nenw Ãm¿ \p-Ava- m≥- C-kve - m-an-s\-°pdn®v ]d-™p-
ImWp-∂-Xv!- CXv Fs∂ A¤p-X-s∏-Sp-
BIm-\m-bn-cp∂p B{K-lw. AXn-\m¬ X-cp-am-bn-cp-∂p. Rßƒ kwh-Zn-°p-tºm
Øn-bn-cp-∂p. CXv F¥p-sIm≠v km-[n-
\mS-I-Ønepw a‰p-sams° A`n-\-bn-®n- ƒ a‰p Bfp-Iƒ Rßƒ°v Np‰pw IqSp-
°p-∂p- F∂ Hcp DØcw In´mØ tNm
cp-∂p. lnμn ^
- n-enwknt\m-Sm-bn-cp∂p {]n am-bn-cp-∂p. BZy-sams° Rm≥ FXn¿
Zyhpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p.
bw. AXn-\m¬ A[nI ka-bØpw Um Øncp-∂p;- Fs‚ hnizm-k-amWv icn
F∂v ]d™v.- F∂m¬ Fhn-sS-sbm-s° Hcp Znhkw Pn-Ωn-en-cp-∂v- Rm-\pw- am-
≥kpw ayqkn°pw Bbn-cp-∂p. IpSpw-_-
tbm D≈ Fs‚ hnizm-k-Ønse ]mfn- jpw- kwh-Zn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Bfp-Iƒ
°m-scms° F\n°v k-t∏m¿-´v- Bbn-cp-
®-Iƒ Rm≥ a\- n-em-°n-bn-cp-∂p. ] Rßƒ°v Np‰pw Iq-Sn-bn-cp-∂p. AXn-
∂p. Ft∏mgpw Xam-ibpw lotdm BIm-
t£,- ]pdØv ]d-™n-√. Fs‚ as‰mcp sem-cmƒ ]d™p:- ""icn°v Cu temIw
\p-≈ {iahpw Bbn-cp-∂p. kn\n-a-bp-
kplrØv A-_-vZp- -a-Zv- kmbm”ßfn Hcp ]co-£Ww am{X-am-Wv, ]c-temIw
sSbpw ayqkn-°n-s‚bpw Zqjy-^-e-ßƒ
¬ Ckvemans\°-pdn®pw {]hm-N-I≥am BWv bYm¿Y-w''.- CXv Fs‚ lrZ-bØ - n
F-∂n-¬- {]-IS- a
- m-bn-cp-∂p.- Ab¬hm-kn-
sc-°p-dn®pw GI-\mb Hcp alm {kjvSm- ¬ sIm≠p.-
I-sfms° Fs‚ ayq-kn- I - v- kn-k‰
v- Ø
- ns‚-
i_vZw sIm≠v s]mdp-Xn-ap-ń-bn-cp-∂p. hn-s\-°-p-dn®pw- ]d-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]n∂oSv Rm≥ Nn¥n®p;- ]c-temIw
2006 sk-]v-‰w-_¿- 36
Ds≠-¶n¬ AXv Fß-s\-bm-bn-cn-°pw?- sØ Im-cyw- A√m-lp-hnep≈- hn-izm-kw.- a-mb
- n- am-dn.- A-Xv- sh-dp-sam-cp- k-ab - w- sIm-
hnNm-cW Ds≠-¶n¬ Fs‚ A-h-kv-Y- A-Xv- F-\n-°pw- k-Ω-Xw.- {]-hm-N-I-\n- √-em-bn-cp-∂n-√.- \n-»-_v-Z-am-b- {]m¿-Y-\-
F¥m-bn-cn-°pw. F-s≥-d- ÿm\w F-hn- ep-≈- hn-izm-k-Øn-epw- F-\n-s°-Xn¿-∏n- A-Xn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.-
sS-bm-bn-cn-°pw?- AXn-\p-tijw Hcp-]mSv √.- ]c-tem-I-Ønepw A¥y-\m-fnepap≈ Un{Kn°p tN¿∂-ti-jw- F\n°v
C-ke -v m-an-I- ]p-kX
-v I
- ß
- ƒ- F\n°v hmbn hnizm-khpw- F-∂n¬- D-S-se-Sp-Ø-n-´p-≠v.- ]pXnb Hcp Iq´p-Im-c-s\ -In-ń.- Aapkv
-°p-h-m≥ Ign-™p. A-Xn-se- Hcp ]pkvX ]n-s∂- ap-kv-enw-Iƒ- Ir-Xy-am-bn- sN-øp- en-am-bn-cp∂p. Ah≥ X-Øz-Nn-¥m-]c - a
- mbn-
IØn-s≥-d- t]-cv- ""Jp¿-B\pw B[p-\nI ∂- \a-kvImcw. A-Xm-Wv- F\n-°n-√m- Imcy-ßs - f hn-iI - e- \
- w- sN-øp-∂h - \ - m-bn-
imkv { Xhpw'' F∂m- b n- c p- ∂ p. Rm≥ ØXv.- At∏mƒ,- Fßs\-sb-¶nepw \a- cp-∂p.- sNdp-∏-Ønte _lp-ssZ-hm-cm-[-
]Tn® _n-Kv-_mßv- Xn-b-dn,- l-_vƒ-kv- Xn- kvIcn-°Ww. hoń-e-dn-™m¬ `b-¶c \sb FXn¿°p-am-bn-cp∂ph-s{X.- Rm≥
b-dn- F-∂n-hs - b-°p-dn-®p-≈- kq-N\
- - "Jp¿ {]iv\-am-Ipw. Aßs\ Rm≥ Bcp-a-dn- A√m-lp-hns\°-pdn®pw- {]hm-NI - s - \-°p-
B\n¬' D≠v F∂v Rm≥ A¤p-X- bmsX Fs‚-Xmb Hcp coXn-bn¬ \-a- dn®pw hnNm-cW - s - b-°p-dn®pw kz¿K-sØ-
tØmsS Xncn-®-dn™p.- IqSmsX thsd kvI- c- n-®p- A-Yh
- m- {]m¿Y-n® - p.- ]-et- ∏mgpw- °p-dn®pw \c-I-sØ-°p-dn®psa-√mw- Jp¿-
Hcp]mSv imkv{Xob kXy-ßfpw Ds≠- ]-e-cpw- \-a-kv-I-cn-°p-∂-Xv- I-≠n-´p-≈-Xn- B-\n-s≥-d- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\-Øn¬- ]d-™-
∂-dn-™p. ("Jp¿B≥' F∂m¬ Hcp-]mSv s≥-d- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\-Ønem-bn-cp-∂p- N-e-\- t∏mƒ Ah≥ s]s´∂v hniz-kn-®p. Jp¿
A-imkv{Xob ]-cm-a¿-i-ßfp-≈- {KŸw ßƒ.- - B\ns‚ amkvac - n-IX A]m-cw-Xs - ∂!- A-
F∂m-bn-cp∂p Fs‚ ImgvN-∏m-Sv)-. CXv am-‰-Øn-s≥-d- h-gn-bn¬- ß-s\- Rßƒ- ]-e-t∏m-gpw- H-∂n-®n-cp∂v-
Ah-X-cn-®tXm 1400 h¿j-ßƒ°v apºv;- A√mlphns\°-pdn®v Adn-™X - n¬ A√m-lp-hn-s\-°p-dn®pw {]]-©s - Ø-°p-
\nc-£-c-\mb apl-ΩZ-v \_n()°v-!- ]ns∂ h√m-sØmcp ss[cyw. temI-ß- dn®pw N¿® sNøp-am-bn-cp-∂p.
"A√mlp' F∂ alm-\mb {kjvS-m-hn- fpsS c£n-Xm-hm-W-h≥.- tKmf-ß-fpsS Cu {]]-©-Øn-ep-≈-sX√mw A√m-
s\, Fs‚ {kjvSm-hns\ Rm≥ Xncn-®- c£n-Xm-hm-W-h≥.- B-‰-Øn-s‚-bpw- \o- lp-hn\v Iogvs]ń-cn-°p∂p A-Y-hm- A-
dn-bp-Ib - m-bn-cp-∂p, ASp-°p-Ib - m-bn-cp∂p. e-Øn-anw-K-e-Øn-s≥-d-bpw- c-£n-Xm-hm-W- h-sb-√mw- ap-kv-enw-I-fm-Wv-!- Ipsd a\p-
lnμn kn-\n-a-I-fpw- dkvenßp-Ifpw h≥.- F-√mw- A-hs≥-d- kr-jv-Sn-Iƒ- am- jy¿ Hgn-sI. kqcy˛N{μm-X-n-I-fpsS aX-
[mcm-f-ambn ImWm-dp-ff Rm≥ ]ns∂ {Xw-.- A-h≥- -F¥n\pw Ign-hp-≈-h≥. amWv Ckvemw.
AXv \n-dp-Øn- National Geographic AXp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂- B-cm-[-\-°¿-l≥- Ign-™p-t]mb [n-°m-cn-I-fm-b- ]-e-
Channel, Discovery Channel F-∂n-h- A-h≥- am-{X-am-Wv.- P-\-hn-`m-K-ß-sf-bpw- A-√m-lp- in£n-®-
ÿnc-ambn ImWm≥ XpS-ßn. Cu `qan- Rm≥ Bdmw-¢m-kn¬ ]Tn-°p-tºmƒ Xm-bp-≈- Jp¿-B-\n-I- kq-‡-ßƒ- F
sb-°p-dn®pw AXnse Poh-Pm-e-ß-sf- H-cp- kz]v\w I≠n-cp-∂-p. Fs¥-∂m¬,- ∂n¬ A√m-lp-sh-°p-dn-®p≈ `bhpw
°p-dn®pw {]]-©-sØ--°p-dn®pw `qan- F\n°v hne-a-Xn-°m-\m-hmØ henb H∏w Rm-s\-m-cp- apkvenw BWt√m- F
bnse hnhn[ ÿe- ß sf°pdn®pw Ft¥m H∂v Inń-bXp- t]mse. `b-¶c ∂ Bizm-khpw D≠m-°n. Bbn-S° - mWv
"kap{Z'sØ°-pdn®pw AXnse AXv`pX- kt¥m-jhpw a\- -am-[m-\hpw Ipfn¿a kp\man D≠m-Ip-∂-Xv. Sn.-hn-bneqsS A-
I-c-ß-fmb Pohn-I-sf-°p-dn®psa-√mw- bpw A\p-`q-Xn-bpw.- B Ahÿ apgp-h≥ Xn-s≥d- ò-Xn-X-am-b- Zr-iy-ßƒ- I≠p
AXy--¤p-XI-c-ß-fmb A-dn-hp-I-fmWv F\n°v ho≠pw A\p-`-h-s∏-´Xv Rm≥ sRń-Ø-cn-®p.- a-\p-jy≥- F-∂- Zp¿-_-e-
F\n°v Cu c≠v Nm\ep-Ifn-eqsS Inń- A√m-lp-sh-°-p-dn®pw Ahs‚ kz¿K- Po-hn-bp-sS- k-Ie - - A-l¶ - m-cß
- f
- pw- X-I¿-
bn-cp-∂-Xv. Hcp Znhkw Hcp hen-b-Im- sØ-Ip-dn®pw Adn-™-Xn\v tij-am-Wv. ∂-Sn-bm≥- ]m-I-Øn-ep-≈ Zr-jv-Sm-¥w-!--
cysØ°-pdn®v I≠dn-™m¬ ASpØ hnh-cn-°m≥ ]‰mØ Hcp kt¥m-jhpw Fs‚ \mńse apkvenw Iq´p-Im-tcmSv
Znhkw AXn-s\-°mƒ henb Hcp Im Ipfn¿abpw. Hmtcm sk°-‚pw Rm≥ Rm≥ a\- n-em-°nb Imcy-ßƒ N¿®-
cyw-!- Cu ImgvN-Ifpw Jp¿B\nse hN- Bkz- Z n- ° p- I - b m- b n- c p- ∂ p. A√mlp sN-øp-am-bn-cp-∂p. H-cn-°¬- Ah-tcmSv
\-ßfpw Fs∂ "A√mlp'hntebv°v BWv Fs∂ krjvSn-®h - ≥.- Fs∂ G‰ Rm≥ Hcp DZm-lc - Ww ]d™p:- Hcp-h≥
thKØn¬ ASp-∏n-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. hpw IqSp-X¬ kvt\ln-°p-∂h - ≥. Fs‚ (apkvenw) cm{Xn hoń-te°v t]mhp-Ib - m-
kz¿K-w,- \cIw F∂n-h-sb-°p-dn-®p- amXm-]n-Xm-°-sf-°mfpw Ft∂m-S-Sp-Ø- Wv.- h-gn-bn¬ ]e Cg-P-¥p-°fpw D≠m-
≈- Hcp Nn-¥- F∂-nep-≠m-bn. F∂n- h≥.- Fs‚ IWvT-\m-Un-sb-°mƒ ASp- tb-°mw. Ah≥ A√m-lp-thmSv Imh¬
ep≈ Ckveman-s\-Xn-cm-bp≈ Nn-¥-Iƒ- Ø-h≥.- Ah≥ F¥n\pw Ign-hp-≈h - ≥. tNmZn®p hoń-te°v \S-∂p. hosS-Øm-
Hmtcm-∂mbn C√m-Xm-hp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. hnizm-kn-bm-I-p-∂-Xn\p apºp-≈- F- dmbn.- C\n- Ip-d®pZqcw IqSntb-bp-≈q.
AXn-\n-S-bv-°v- Un{Kn°v Fw.-C.-F.-F-kv.- s≥-d- Po-hn-X-bm{X hfsc hnc-kX \nd- CXp-hsc H∂n-s\bpw I≠n-√. C\n
F-kv. tImtf-Pn¬ tN¿∂p. Ckveman-s\- ™-Xm-bn-cp-∂p.- F∂m¬ A-Xn-\p-ti-jw- A√mlp ImØn-ń-√sb-¶nepw {]iv\-an-
°p-dn-®v- ]Tn-°m≥ ]‰nb kml-N-cy-am- Po-hn-Xw- B-À-m-Z-I-c-hpw- I¿-a-\n-c-X-hp- √ F∂-h≥ A-t∏mƒ- hnNm-cn-°p-∂p-sh-
bn-cp-∂p tImtf-Pn¬.- Imº-kn¬ Xs∂ am-bn.- ¶n¬ Ah≥ a\- n-em-t°-≠-Xv Ah≥
]≈nbp-ap≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Pn-Ωn-s≥d- sI-ń-S-Øn-s≥-d- ap-I-fn-en- \S∂p t]m∂- h-gn-bn¬- \n∂v- D-]-{Z-h-
Rm≥ Fs∂bpw kXy-hn-izm-kn- cp-∂v- cm-{Xn-Im-e-ß-fn¬- \-£-{Xm-ew-Ir- ßƒ- A-I-‰n-b- A√m-lp-hns‚ Imcp-Wy-
bpsS KpW-ß-sfbpw Xm-c-X-ayw- sNbv- X-am-b- \o-em-Im-ih - pw- t\m-°n- Nn-¥b - n¬- sØ-bm-Wv. ho-Sn-s≥-d- ap-‰s - Ø-Øn-bm-epw-
Xp.- A-h¿- hn-iz-kn-°p-∂-Xn¬- H∂m-a- ap-ßn- k-abw-t]m-°p-∂-Xv- F-\-n-°v- l-c- A-√m-lp-hn-s≥-d- Im-h-en-s\- A-h≥- \n-
2006 sk-]v-‰w-_¿- 37
tj-[n-°p-hm≥- ]m-Sn-√.- Cu kw-km-cw- kn-I-tcm-Km-ip-]-{Xn'-bn¬-. Rm≥ hfsc kplr-Øn-s\bpw Iqń-h∂v Fs∂-hn-fn-
I-gn-™v- R-ßƒ- ]ncn-™Xv cm{Xn-bn-em- e÷-tbmsS t-Im-fnw-Kv- s_√-Sn-®-t∏mƒ ®p- s Im- ≠ p- t ]mbn òj- W n- s ∏- S p- Ø n;--
Wv. Aßm-Sn-bn¬ \n∂v hoń-tebv°v H- Hcp kv{Xoh∂v tUmIvS¿ Ipfn-°p-I-bm- C\nbpw CXp XpS¿∂m¬ Iø-pw- Im-epw-
cp- In-tem-ao-‰¿- Zq-c-ap-≠v. \S-°m-dmWv -sW∂v ]d™v hmXn¬ AS-®p. ]pdØv HSn-®n-Sp-sa∂p ]d™v.- Rm≥ \ncp-]m-
]Xn-hv;- Hcp shfn-®-hp-w FSp-°m-dn-√. tdmUn¬ D≈-h-scms° {i≤n-°p-∂p. [nIw Ckvemw ]T\w XpS¿∂p.
Nne ka-bØv tdmUpt]mepw ImWp-I- Rm≥ A—- t \mSv ]d™p:- " F\n°v hoń¬ Ckv e man- s \- ° p- d n- ® p≈
bn-√. CSbv°v IS-∂p-t]m-Ip∂ hml-\- {`m¥n-s√∂v Adn™p IqtS?- ]ns∂-¥n- H∂pw ImWm≥ ]mSn√ F∂m-bn. Fs‚
Øß-fp-sS- shfn-®w-am{Xap-≠v- h-gn-Im- \mWv CsXm-s°?'- F\n°v tZjyw-h∂p.- hnizmkw amdm≥ th≠n Fs∂ ]e
´p-hm≥.-s]s´∂v sXm´p-ap-∂n¬ Ft¥m Rm≥ H∂p-IqSn- tImfnwKv-s-_¬ Aa¿ Aº-e-ß-fnepw sIm≠p-t]m-bn. Rm\-
Xnfn-ßp-∂Xm-bn- tXm-∂n.- t\m°n-b- Øn. B kv{Xo Hcp tNmZy-`m-h-Øn¬ sXmcp Sq¿ t]mse IW-°m-°n.
t∏mƒ AsXmcp ]mºm-Wv. Ip-d-®-I- ho≠pw hmXn¬ Xpd∂p.- A—≥ £am-
sebp-≈- Hcp hoń¬ \n∂p≈ A-c-≠- ]W kzc-Øn¬ ]d-™p;- AXv Rm≥ Ien-a- sNm-√n-bX - n-\p-tijw \akvIm
shfn-®Ø - n-emWv AXv Xnf-ßn-bX - v. AXv sNbvXX - m-sW∂v.- B kv{Xo Nncn-®p-sIm cw \n¿_-‘-a-m-bn. ]I-en-ep≈ \a-kv
tdmUv a-pd - n-®p-IS- °- p-∂X - p-hs- c- Rm≥- A- ≠v AI-tØ°p- t]mbn. B kv{Xo Imcw tImtf-Pnepw cm{Xn-bn-ep-≈Xpw-
\-ßm-sX- \n-∂p.- A√m-lp-hn\v kvXpXn. F\n°v icn°pw {`m¥m-sW∂v hnNm- kp_v l nbpw Pn- Ω n- e pw- \n¿h--l n®p
Xn-I-®pw- bm-Zr-—n-I-am-b- kw-`-hw.- H-cp- hn- cn-®p. A¬]-k-a-b-Øn-\p-tijw tUmIv t]m∂p. tImtf-Pp-I-gn™p hoń-se-
izm-kn- B-]-Øp-I-fn¬- A-I-s∏-Sm-Xn-cn- S¿ A—s\ ]pdØv \n¿Øn Fs∂ ]cn- Øm≥- F∂pw cm{Xn 9 aWn-bmIpw.- Hcp
°p-hm≥- ap≥-Ic - p-Xs
- e-Sp-°W - s - a-∂- ap∂- tim-[n-®p. Abmƒ Hcp lnμp-hm-Wv. Znhkw hoń¬h-∂-t∏mƒ 9 aWn -I-gn-
dn-bn-∏v- A-sX-\n-°p- X-∂p.- BPm-\p-_m-lp-hm-Wv. Abmƒ Fs‚ ™n-cp-∂p. ho´-p-ap-‰Øv Ipsd hml\
Un{Kn sk°‚ v Cb¿- B-bncn°p tXmfnepw Xe-bnepw ]nSn®v Hmtcm∂v ßƒ \nd-pØ - n-bn-ń-cn-°p-∂p≠mbn-cp-∂p.
tºm-gmWv Rm\pw t\-c-sØ- kq-Nn-∏n-®- tNmZn-°m≥ XpS-ßn. Ah-km\w Abm At∏mƒXs∂ a\- n- e mbn Ft¥m
Iq-´p-I-m-c-\pw- H∂n®v km-£y--hm-Iyw- ƒ D]-t_m-[-a-\- n-s\-°p-dn®pw Ah- ]¥n-tI-Sp-s≠-∂v. AΩm-h\pw sNdn-b-
sNm√n Hu-tZym-Kn-I-am-bn- C-kv-emw- kzo- t_m-[-a-\- n-s\-°p-dn®pw Ft∂m-Sp-]-d- Ω-bpsS `¿Ømhpw a‰pw h∂n-cp-∂p.
I-cn-®X - v.- A-t∂-cw- Fs‚ tZl-am-kI - ew ™p. F\n°v a\- n-embn Abmƒ F Rm≥ hoń¬I-b-dn-tXmsS Fs‚ sNdn-
]S¿-∂p- I-bd - n-b- Ip-fn¿-a- C-∂pw- A-tXm¿- s∂ ln]vt\m-ńkw sNøm≥ t]mhp-I- b-®≥amcpw hen-b-®≥amcpw h∂p. F
°p-tºmƒ- A\p-`-h-s∏Sp-∂-Xm-bn- tXm- bm-sW-∂v. F\n-s°-ß-s\-sb-¶nepw s∂ tNmZyw-sN-øm≥ XpS-ßn. A-Ωm- h - ≥-
∂p-I-bm-Wv.- ]pdØp IS-∂m¬a-Xn-sb-∂m-bn. Rm≥ t£m-`n-®v- ]-eX - pw- ]-d™ - p.- Ft∂mSv Cd-
F-Xn¿-∏p-Iƒ- hmXn¬ Xpd∂p.- cm{Xn-bm-Wv. hmXn¬ ßn-t∏m-Im≥ ]d-™p. Rm\-∏t- g Cd-ßn-
Xpd∂t∏mƒ A—≥ AI- Ø p- h ∂v t∏m-Im≥ Xb-m-dmbn \n¬-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-
BZy-sam-s°- CkvemanI ]pkvX-I-
hmXn¬ AS®p.- F\n°v IqSp-X¬ Akz- ∂p. A—≥ tZjy-s∏´v Fs∂ h∂p-
ßƒ ho´-n¬sIm≠p-h-cp-h-m\pw hmbn-
ÿ-X-h-∂p. Rm≥ aq{X-sam-gn-°m-\m- X√n.- Rm≥ Nncn®p.- k-Xy-a-Xw- kzo-I-cn-
°p-h-m\pw A\p-h-Zn-®n-cp-∂p. ]n∂oSv
sW∂p ]d™v hmXn¬ Xpd∂v HmSn. ®-Xn-s≥-d- t]-cn¬- I-T-n-\-am-b- ]o-U-\-ta-
Imcy-am-b-t∏mƒ AΩ AXv IØn®p-I-
Rm≥ IcpXn;- A—≥ Fs‚ ]pdsI hcp- ‰p-hm-ßn-b- _n-em-en-s\- Hm¿-Øp.- AΩm-
f-bp-hm-\pw Hfn-∏n-°p-h-m\pw XpS-ßn.
sa∂v.- I≠n-√. Fs‚ Iøn¬ BsI h\pw X√n. CXp-hsc h∂n´v H∂pw Xcm
Fs‚ kz`m-h-Øn¬ I≠ s]s´-∂p≈
c≠-c- cq]-bmWv D≈Xv.- 1.25 sIm≠v B sX t]mIp-∂Xv icn-b√ F∂p ]d-™m-
am‰w AΩ {i≤n®p.- t^m´m-bpsS ap∂n
¬ t]mbn an\n-‰p-It- fmfw {]m¿Y-n® - n-cp∂ tUmIvS¿°v t^m¨ sNbvXv A—s\ bn-cp∂p ASn. B cm{Xn Xs∂ Rm≥
Rm≥ s]s´-∂Xp \ndp-Øn. kn-\n-a-Iƒ- At\z- j n® tijw t^m¨ sh®p. Cd-ßn-t∏m-Im≥ Hcpßn.- ]t£,- AΩm-
[mcmfambn I≠n-cp∂ Rm≥ A-Xpw- tijn® 1.25-sIm≠v hoń-te°v t^m¨ h≥- X-S-™p.- ]nt‰∂p cmhnse Rm≥
\ndp-Øn. GXpka-bØp-ap-≈- kw-Ko-Xm- sNbvXv Rm≥ sshIp-sa∂v Adn-bn-®p. Cd-ßn. Fs‚ AXym-hiy {U- p-I-fpw-
kzm-Z\ - h - pw- A-hk - m-\n-∏n-®p.- Ft∏mgpap- tijw ]≈n-bn¬ t]mbn \a-kvIcn-®p. _pIvkpw FSp-Øp.- F-tß-m-´m-Wv- t]m-
≈- Xami]d®n¬- Nn-¥-bn-te-°p- h-gn- at©-cn-bn¬\n∂v hoń-tebv°v 11 Intem- tI- ≠ - s X- ∂ v - \n- i v - N - b - a n- √ m- b n- c p- ∂ p.-
am-dn.- ]c-tem-I-sØ-°p-dn®pw hnNm-c-W ao-‰¿ D≠v. B11 Intem-ao-‰¿ Rm≥ F∂m¬ CXv A√m-lp-hn-te-°p≈ al-
sb°-pdn-®p-w- kwkm-cn®p- Xp-Sß - n.-CsXm cm{Xn-bn¬ \S-∂p. F\n°v t]Sn-tXm-∂n- Ømb ]mX-bm-sW∂pw A√mlp F
s° I≠-t∏mƒ AΩ ]d™p F\n°v b-tX-bn-√. B cm{Xn-bpsS òI-c-Xbpw s∂ hgn-Im-Wn-°p-sa-∂p-ap-≈- Nn-¥-
{`m¥m-sW∂.-v IpSpw-_° - m-scms° Adn at\m-lm-cn-Xbpw Rm≥ BkzZn-°p-Ib - m- F\n°v {]tNm-Z\hpw ss[cyhp-w \¬
™p.- A—\pw AΩbpw tUmIvSsd Im bn-cp-∂p. In.
Wn-°m≥ Fs∂ \n¿_-‘n-®p. Aßs\ AΩm- h ≥ Fs‚ Ckv e mw ]T- \ Ct∏mƒ Rm≥ CSbv ° v hoń\p
Rm≥ tUmIvSsd ImWm≥ \n¿_-‘n- sØ°- p dn®v Adn™t∏mƒ Fs∂ t]mIm-dp-≠v. H-cp- ap-kv-en-am-bn-s°m-≠p-
X-\m-bn. tImtfPv Ign™v t\sc at©- Xm°oXv sNbv X p. ]n∂o- s Sm- c n- ° ¬ X-s∂- A-ap-kev- nw-If
- m-b- kz-¥°- m-sc- kv-
cn-bn-te°v hcm≥ A—≥ ]d™p. Aß AΩm-hs‚ Hcp apkvenw kplr-Øns\ t\-ln-°p-Ib- pw- _-lp-am-\n-°p-Ib - pw- sN-
s\ at©-cn-bn-se-Øn. A—-\pw- Rm-\pw- hoń¬sIm≠vh∂v Fs∂ ]n¥n-cn-∏n- øp-∂p.-
IqSn- tUmIvS-dpsS ASp-sØ-Øn;- "am\- °m≥ {ian-®p. ]n∂o-sSm-cn-°¬ CtX
2006 sk-]v-‰w-_¿- 38
z bp≤w-sIm≠pw amdm-tcm-K-ßƒsIm≠pw Bfp-Iƒ
acn-°p-∂Xv Ah-cpsS Ip‰w-sIm-≠mtWm?
? z Jp¿-B≥ kq‡-ßƒ ssewKnI Acm-P-I-Xz-Øn-te°v

\bn-°p-Itbm?
z hne-°-s∏´ _‘-Øn¬ G¿s∏´ Zº-Xn-Iƒ Ckvemw
Bivtfjn-°p-∂-tXmsS th¿]n-cn-b-Wtam?
z Aapkvenamb ]nXm-hn\v kz¿Kw e`n-°m≥ th≠n
{]m¿Y-n-°mtam?
Iq-Sn-°m-gv-N-
tNmZyw: Jp¿-B-\nse \memw apI- f n¬sIm- S pØ kq‡- Ø ns‚ ß-fpsS ]cn-`m-j-t\m-°p-I.
A[ymbw 79-˛mw kq‡-Øn¬ ]d-bp- Xm¬]cy-sa-¥mWv? ""bp≤w sNøm≥ \nßƒ°nXm \n¿
∂p:- ""\∑-bm-bn´v \n\°v Fs¥m∂v ˛ sF.-_n.-A-_vZp-dlvam≥ _‘ I¬]\ \¬I- s ∏- ´ n- c n- ° p- ∂ p.
h∂p- I n- ´ n- b mepw AXv A√m- l p- Imk¿tKmUv AXm-Is´ \nßƒ°v A\n-jvS-I-c-am-Ip-
hn¬\n-∂p-≈-Xm-Wv. \ns∂ _m[n- ∂p. F∂m¬ Hcp Imcyw \nßƒ shdp-
D-Ø-cw-:- \∑-sbbpw Xn∑-sbbpw
°p∂ GsXmcp tZmjhpw \ns‚ °p-Ibpw (b-Ym¿Y-Øn¬) AXv \nßƒ
kw_-‘n-®v, AYhm KpW-sØbpw tZm
°v KpW-Ic - a
- m-bn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNømw.- \n
]°¬\n-∂p-Xs∂ D≠m-Ip-∂-Xm j-sØbpw kw_-‘n®v a\p-jy-cpsS
ßƒ Hcp Imcyw CjvS-s∏-Sp-Ibpw (b-
Wv.'' [mc-W-bmWv BXy-¥n-I-ambn icn-sb
Ym¿Y-Øn¬) AXv \nßƒ°v tZmj-I-
∂ ImgvN-∏mSv sh®p-]pe¿Øp-∂-h¿°v
bp≤-ß-fnepw òI-cm-{I-a-W-ß- c-am-hp-Ibpw sNbvsX-∂p-hc - mw. A√mlp
4:79 kq‡-Øns‚ km£m¬ hnh£
fnepw sIm√-s∏-Sp-∂-h-cnepw AwK- Adn-bp-∂p. \nßƒ Adn-bp-∂n-√''(2:216).-
a\- n- e m- ° pI {]bm- k - a m- b n- c n- ° pw.
`wKw kw`-hn-°p-∂-h-cnepw \s√mcp CØcw kq‡-ß-fn¬ \∑ F∂-hm-°n ""`mcy-am-tcmSv \nßƒ acym-Z-tbmsS
iX-am\w kv{XoIfpw Ipń-I-fp-am- s‚ hnh£ k¿h-⁄-\mb A√mlp kl-h-kn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. C\n \nßƒ°v
Wv. FbnUvkv tcmKn-I-fmbn ]nd-∂p- \√-Xmbn \n›-bn® Imcyw F∂m-bn-cn- Ah-tcmSv shdp∏v tXm∂p∂ ]£w (\n-
ho-gp∂ Ip™p-ß-fp≠v.- CXn-s\ °pw.- Xn∑ F∂m¬ A√mlp NoØ-bm ßƒ a\- n-em-°p-I) \nßƒ Hcp Im
√mw DØ-c-hm-Zn-Iƒ Ch-cmtWm? bn \n›-bn-®X - pw. Nne Jp¿B≥ kq‡v cyw shdp-°p-Ibpw AtX Imcy-Øns‚
2006 sk-]v-‰w-_¿- 39
A√mlp [mcmfw \∑ \n›-bn-°p-Ibpw D-Øc - w-:- ssewKnI Acm-PI - Xz-Øn- fpsS `mcy-am-cp-amtbm Xß-fpsS he-Xp-
sNbvsX∂v hcmw''-(4:19).- te-°m-Wt√m Ct∏mƒ bp‡n-hm-Zn-Ifpw ssI-Iƒ DS-as - ∏-Sp-Ønb ASna kv{XoI-
""F∂m¬ Xo¿®-bm-bpw sRcp-°- ùXn-I-hm-Zn-I-fp-sa√mw P\-ßsf \bn- fp-amtbm D≈ _‘w Hgn-sI, At∏mƒ
Øns‚ IqsS Hcp Ffp-∏a - p-≠m-bn-cn-°pw. ®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. tIc-f-Ønse ]e Ah¿ Bt£-]m¿l-c-√'' (33:6).-
Xo¿®b-mbpw sRcp-°Ø - ns‚ IqsS Hcp B\p-Im-enI {]kn-≤o-I-c-W-ß-fnepw ùXn-I-hm-Zn-Iƒ CjvS-s∏-Sp-∂ -X-c-
Ffp-∏-ap-≠m-bn-cn°pw'' (94:5,6).- Cu-b-n-sS-bmbn XnI®pw kzX-{¥-amb Øn-ep≈ ssewKnI Agn-™m-´-am-bn-
CkvemanI hnizm-ka - \- p-kc - n®v bp≤-
cXn°p th≠n hmZn-°p∂ _p≤n-Po-hn- cp∂p apl-ΩZv \_n(-)°v apºv Atd-
I-fmb kv{Xo ]pcp-j-∑m-cpsS teJ-\- _y≥ kaq-l-Øn¬ \ne-hn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-
Ønepw A\ym-ba - mb B{I-aW - ß - f- nepw
ßƒ {]Xy-£-s∏-´p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm- ∂-Xv. hy`n-Nmcw A-hnsS km¿h-{Xn-I-
sIm√-s∏-Sp-∂-h-cpw A]-I-S-ß-fn¬ acn-
Wv. Cu _p≤nPohn-I-fn¬ ]ecpw Adn- am-bn-cp-∂p. Zp¿_e tKm{X-ß-fn¬ sIm
°p-∂h - cpw amdm-hym-[n-Iƒ _m[n®v acn-
b-s∏-Sp∂ ùXn-I-hm-Zn-I-fm-Wv. Zº-Xn- ≈-\-SØn kv{XoIsf ASn-a-I-fm°n
°p-∂h - c - p-amb kXy-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ A√m-
am¿t]mepw IqSp-X¬ Bkzm-Zy-amb Ahsc \n¿_-‘n®v thiym-hrØn sN
lp- h n- ¶ ¬ c‡- k m- £ n- I - f m- b n- ´ mWv
ssewKn-I-_-‘-Øn-\p-th≠n ]pdw-h-gn- øn-°p-Ibpw B- h-I-bn-ep≈ hcp-am\w
KWn-°-s∏-Sp-I. al-Ømb A\-izc
Iƒ tXSp-∂X - ns\ t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-∂- sIm≠v bP-am-\-∑m¿ t`mKm-kv‡-amb
ku`m-Ky-amWv c‡-km-£y-Øn-\p≈
hcpw Ch-cpsS Iq´-Øn-ep-≠v. ssewKnI PohnXw \bn-°p-I-bp-am-bn-cp∂p A∂
{]Xn-ê - w. CkvemanI ZrjvSym CXn-s\-
kzmX-{¥y-tØm-Sp≈ ISpØ FXn¿∏v sØ ]Xn-hv. Ckvemw hy`n-Nm-cs - Øbpw
°mƒ al-Ømb Hcp \∑ B¿°pw
tIc-f-Øn¬ \ne-\n¬°p-∂-Xns‚ Imc- ASn-a-kv{Xo-Isf Zp¿\-S-]-Sn°v \n¿_-
t\Sn-sb-Sp-°m-\n-√. kXy-hn-izm-kn-I-
W-ßf - n-sem∂v CkvemwaX auenI hmZ-
fpsS Ah-ÿsb kw_-‘n®v \_n(-) ‘n-°p-∂-Xn-s\bpw I¿i-\-ambn \ntcm-
Øns‚ kzm[o-\-am-sW∂pw Cu _p≤n- [n-°p-I-bmWv sNbvX-Xv:-
]d™ {]kn-≤a - mb Hcp hN-\hpw IqSn
Po-hn-If - n-sem-cmƒ hne-bn-cp-Øp-Ib - p-≠m-
CtXm-sSm∏w a\- n-em-°pI: ""\nßƒ hy`n-Nm-csØ kao-]n®p
bn. c≠p Jp¿B≥ kq‡-ßƒ P\-
""kXy-hn-izm-kn-bpsS Imcyw A¬`p- t]mI-cp-Xv. Xo¿®-bmbpw AXv Hcp \oN-
ßsf \bn-°p-∂Xv Ch-scms° \bn-°p
X-I-c-am-Ip-∂p. Ah\v kw`-hn-°p∂ hr-Ønbpw Zpjn® am¿K-hp-am-Ip-∂p''
∂ hgn°v Xs∂-bm-sW-¶n¬ bp‡n-hm-
GXp- Imcyhpw Ah\v- KpW-Ic - a- m-Ip- ∂
- p. (17:32).-
Zn-Iƒ AXn¬ kt¥m-jn-°p-I-bm-W
kt¥m-j-I-c-amb Imcyw Ah\v h∂p- t√m th≠Xv! ]t£, bmYm¿Y-yw bp ""\nß-fpsS ASn-ak - v{Xo-Iƒ Nmcn-{X-
`-hn-®m¬ Ah≥ \μn-Im-Wn-°p-Ibpw ‡n-hm-Zn-Iƒ {]N-cn-∏n-°p∂ t]mse-b- ip-≤n-tbmsS Pohn-°m≥ B{K-ln-°p-∂p-
AX-h\v KpW-I-c-am-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw sN √. D]-c-yp‡ Jp¿-B≥ kq‡-ß-fpsS s≠-¶n¬, sFlnI Pohn-X-Øns‚ hn`
øpw. hnj-a-I-c-amb Imcyw Ah\v- h∂p- ]cn-`mj Xmsg tN¿°p-∂p:- hw B{K-ln-®p-sIm≠v \nßƒ Ahsc
`-hn-®m¬ Ah≥ £an-°p-Ibpw AX- thiym- h r- Ø n°v \n¿_- ‘ n- ° - c p- X v ''
""(a-‰p-≈h - c - p-sS) hnhm-l_ - ‘ - Ø - n-en-
h\v- KpW-I-c-am-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw sNøpw. (24:33).-
cn-°p∂ kv{XoIfpw (\n-ßƒ°v \njn-
Cu ku`mKyw kXy-hn-izm-kn-°-√msX hnhmlw Ign-°p∂ Ad-_n-Iƒ X
≤-am-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p). \nß-fpsS he-
a‰m¿°pw e`n-°p-I-bn-√''.- a\p-jy\v s∂ `mcy-∑m-cpsS FÆ-Øn¬ bmsXmcp
Xp-ssI-Iƒ DS-a-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-h¿ (A-Sna
h∂p-`h - n-°p∂ GXv Imcyhpw BXy-¥n- \nb-{¥-Whpw ]men-®n-cp-∂n-√. kº-∂
kv { XoIƒ)Hgn- s I. \nß- f psS ta¬
I-ambn Ah\v tZmj-I-c-ambn ]cn-W-an- ¿°pw {]am-Wn-am¿°pw Zi-°-W-°n¬
A√m-lp-hns‚ \nb-a-as{X CXv. AXn-
°p-∂Xv- B Imcy-Øns‚ t\¿°p≈ `mcy-am-cp≠mbn-cp-∂p. CXn\v am‰w hcp-
\-∏p-d-ap≈ kv{XoI-fp-ambn \nß-fpsS
Ahs‚ sX‰mb kao-]\w \nan-Ø-am- Øn-sIm-≠v, hnip-≤J - p¿B≥ `mcy-amcp
[\w (a-ld - m-bn) \¬In-s°-m≠v \nßƒ
sW-∂s{X Cu \_n-h-N-\-Øn¬ \n∂v sS F-Æw- \m-ep-h-sc-tb- B-Im-hq- F-
(hn-hm-l-_-‘w) tXSp-∂Xv \nßƒ°v
hy‡-ambn {Kln-°m-hp-∂X - v. 4:79 kq‡- ∂pw- \o-Xn-]p-e¿-Øm≥- I-gn-bn-s√-∂v-
A\p- h - Z n- ° - s ∏- ´ n- c n- ° p- ∂ p. \nßƒ
Øn¬\n∂v a\- n-em-°m-hp-∂Xpw AXp- Bi-¶n-°p-∂-h¿ Hcp `mcy-sb-s°m≠v
sshhm-lnI PohnXw e£y-am-°p-∂-
X-s∂. aXn-bm-°W - s - a∂pw \njvI¿jn-°p-Ib - m
hcm-bn-cn-°-Ww. \oN-hrØn B{K-ln-
**** °p-∂-h-cm-I-cp-Xv. Aßs\ Ah-cn¬ Wv sNbvX-Xv (kq‡w 4:3 t\m°p-I).
tNmZyw: ""Jp¿B\nse 4:24; 23:6 \n∂v \nßƒ h√ kpJhpw A\p-`-hn- ASn-aØw apl-Ω-Zv\-_n(-) D≠m-
kq‡-ßƒ a\p-jysc ssewKnI ®m¬ Ah¿°p≈ hnhm-l-aqeyw Hcp °n-b-X√; Atd-_y≥ kaq-l-Øn¬ ap
_m[yX F∂ \ne-bn¬ \nßƒ \¬ tº D≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xm-Wv. A√m-lp-hns‚
Acm-PI - X
- z-Øn-te-°mWv \bn-°p-∂-
tI-≠-Xm-Wv. _m[yX (hn-hm-l-aq-eyw) hN-\-ß-fn-eq-sSbpw {]hm-N-Is‚ am¿K
Xv. CkvemanI \nb-a-ßƒ ]q¿W- \n¿tZ-i-ß-fn-eq-sSbpw ]Sn-]-Sn-bmbn
\n›-bn-®-Xn-\p-tijw \nßƒ At\ym
ambn AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂-h¿ ssewKnI \yw Xr]vXn-s∏´v h√ hn´p-ho-gvNbpw ASn-aØw A-hkm-\n-∏-n-°m-\p≈ \S-]-
t]°q-Øp-Iƒ°v ASn-a-I-fm-bn-cn- sNøp-∂-Xn¬ \nßƒ°v Ip‰-sam-∂p-an- Sn-Iƒ kzoI-cn-°p-Ib - m-Wp-≠m-bX - v. ASn-
°pw''-˛ Hcp bp‡n-hm-Zn-bpsS A`n- √. Xo¿®-bmbpw A√mlp F√mw Adn- a-Isf tamNn-∏n®v kzX-{¥-cm°n am‰p-
{]m-b-am-Wn-Xv. hni-Zo-I-cWw {]Xo- bp-∂-h\pw bp‡n-am-\p-am-Ip∂p'' (4:24) ∂Xv kp{]-[m-\-amb ]pWy-I¿a-am-sW-
£n-°p-∂p. ""Xß-fpsS Kply Ah-bh - ß
- sf Im ∂mWv A√m-lphpw {]hm-N-I\pw ]Tn
˛ap-kvX^, Be-∏pg Øp kq£n-°p-∂h - c
- p-as{X Ah¿. Xß- ∏n®Xv. am\-hnI {]Xn-k‘ - n- X-cWw sN
2006 sk-]v-‰w-_¿- 40
øp-∂-Xn\v A\n-hm-cy-amb H∂m-asØ tØmsS Pohn-°p∂ B Zº-Xn-I- tN¿°p∂ Jp¿-B≥kq‡-ßƒ hy‡-
\S-]-Sn-bmbn hnip-≤-Jp¿-B≥ (90:13) tfmSp ImWn-°p∂ A\o-Xn-bt√? ambn sXfn-bn-°p-∂p.
Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°p-∂Xv a\p-jysc ASn-a- ""_lp-ssZh hnizm-kn-Iƒ Pzen-
-˛ apPo-_v Ip-´-a-t»cn
Ø-Øn¬ \n∂v tamNn-∏n-°p-I-bm-Wv. °p∂ \c-ImKv\nbpsS Ah-Im-in-I-fm-
]e ]m]-ßƒ°pw {]mb-›n-Ø-ambn D-Øc
- w-:H- cmƒ Ckvemw Bivtfjn-
sW∂v Xßƒ°v hy‡-ambn Ign-™-
hnhn[ Jp¿B≥ kq‡-ß-fnepw \_n- °p-∂-Xns‚ Xm¬]cyw PohnXw A√m-
tijw Ah¿°v th≠n ]m]-tam-N\w
h-N-\-ß-fnepw \n¿tZ-in-®n-´p-≈Xv ASn- lp-hns‚ hn[n-hn-e°- p-Iƒ°v hnt[-ba - m-
tXSp-hm≥-˛-A-h¿ ASpØ _‘-ap-≈-h-
asb tamNn-∏n-°-em-Wv. apkvenw bp≤- °pI F∂-Xm-W-t√m. IpSpw-_-_-‘-
cm-bm¬ t]mepw˛ {]hm-N-I∂pw kXy-
Ø-S-hp-Imsc i{Xp-°ƒ ASn-a-I-fm-°n- ap≈ Nne-scbpw ape-Ip-Sn-_-‘-ap≈
hn-izm-kn-Iƒ°pw ]mSp-≈-X-√. C_v-dm-
bn-cp∂ kml-N-cy-Øn¬ i{Xp-°-fn¬ Nne-scbpw hnhmlw Ign-°m≥ ]mSn√
lo-w At±-l-Øns‚ ]nXm-hn-\p-th≠n
\n∂v XS-hp-Im-cmbn ]nSn-°s - ∏-Sp-∂h - sc F∂Xv hnip≤ Jp¿B\n¬ (4:22,23)
]m]-tam-N\w tXSn-bXv At±lw ]nXm-
apkv e nwIfpw ASn- a - I - f m- ° n- b ncp∂p A√mlp \¬Inb hn[n-bm-Wv. B hn[n
hn-t\mSv Aßs\ hmKvZm\w sNbvXp-
F∂-sXm-gn-®m¬ kzX-{¥-cmb Bsc °v hg-ßmsX B¿°pw bYm¿Y- apkv
sIm≠v am{X-am-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ ]nXm
bpw ASn-a-I-fm-°m≥ Ckvemw B¿°pw enam-Im≥ km[y-a√ - . A√m-lp- hn-e°
- nb
hv A√m-lp-hns‚ i{Xp-hm-sW∂v At±-
A\p-hmZw \¬In-bn-ń-√. bp≤-Ø-S-hp- _‘w C\n XpS-tc-≠-Xn-s√∂v Xocp-am-
l-Øn\v hy‡-am-b-t∏mƒ At±lw A
Im- s c- Ø s∂ H∂p- I n¬ shdp- s X- h n- \n-°p-∂-h¿°v IqSp-X¬ hnin-jvS-amb
bmsf hns´m-gn-™p. Xo¿®-bmbpw C_v-
Smt\m As√-¶n¬ tamN-\-{Zhyw hmßn- ZmºXyw Bcw-`n-°m≥ Ah≥ A\p-{K
dm-lo-w Gsd Xmgva-bp-≈-h\pw kl-\-
hn-´-b-°mt\m BWv hnip-≤-Jp¿B\n lw \¬Ip-sa∂v \ymb-ambpw {]Xo-£n-
io-e-\p-am-Ip-∂p'' (9:113,114).-
¬ (47:4) A\p-im-kn-®-´p-≈-Xv. °m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. A√m-lp-hns‚ hn[n -
am\n®v Zmº- X y- _ ‘w th¿]n- c n- F∂m¬ Hcmƒ Hu]-Nm-cn-I-ambn
{]mtbm-Kn-I-ambn ASn-aØw ]q¿W- apkvenw kaq-l-Øn¬ AwK-am-bn-ń-s√-
™mepw CkvemanI kmtlm-Z-cy-Øn
ambn C√m-Xm-°m≥ Ign-bp-∂-Xp-h-sc- ¶nepw X\n°v Ip‰-a‰ CkvemanI hnizm-
s‚ ASn-ÿm-\Ø - n-ep≈ kvt\lw Ah
bp≈ A¥-cm-f-L-´-Øn¬ ASn-a-kv{Xo- k-ap-s≠∂v _‘p-°t- fmtSm kplr-Øp-
¿°v XpS-cm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. \oXn-sbbpw
Iƒ ssewKnI Acm-P-I-Xz-Øn-te°v °-tfmtSm Xpd∂p ]d-™n-cp-s∂-¶n¬
A\o-Xn-sb bpw kw_-‘n® \ΩpsS
\bn-°s - ∏-Sm-Xn-cn-°m≥ th≠n Ckvemw Abmƒ°v th≠n {]m¿Y-n-°p-∂-Xn¬
[mcW BXy ¥nIabn icn-bm-I-W-sa-
kzoI-cn® \S-]-Sn-bmWv bP-am-\-∑m¿°v sX‰n-√.
∂n-√. k¿h-⁄-\mb A√m-lp-hns‚
Ahsc `mcy-am-sc-t∏mse PohnX ]¶m-
Xo¿∏mWv Cu Imcy-Øn¬ \n¿Wm-b-
fn-I-fm-°m-\p≈ A\p-hm-Zw. Cßs\
Iw.
PohnX ]¶m-fn-bm-°nb ASna kv{Xo
{]k-hn-®m¬ B Ip™v ASn-a-bm-bn-´√ ****
bP-am-\s‚ a‰p-Ip-ń-Iƒ°v Xpey-amb tNmZyw: Fs‚ ]nXmhv apkven
ÿm\hpw IpSpw-_-kz-Øn¬ Ah-Im- am- I p- h m≥ Ign- b msX ac- W - s ∏´
ihpw D≈ k¥-Xn-bm-bn-´mWv ]cn-KW - n- ""A-√m-lp-h-s{X B-Im-i-
hy‡n-bm-Wv. Hcp aIƒ F∂ \ne-
°-s∏-Sp-I. amXm-hm-bn-Øo¿∂ B ASn- ß-fpw- `q-an-bpw- kr-jv-Sn-°p-
bn¬ At±-l-Øns‚ ]m]-tam-N-\-
a-kv{Xosb a‰p-A-Sn-a-I-sf-t∏mse {Ib- I-bpw- B-Im-i-Øp-\n-∂v-
hn-{Ibw sNøm≥]m-Sn-s√∂v Ckvemw
Øn-\p-th-≠nbpw kz¿K {]th-i-\-
Øn-\p-th-≠nbpw F\n° {]m¿Y-n- sh-≈-w- C-d-°p-I-bpw- F-
hne-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p. ASn-a-
kv{Xo-Isf Nqj-W-Øn¬\n∂pw ]oU- °mtam? ∂n-´v- A-Xpaq-ew- \n-ß-fp-sS-
\-Øn¬\n∂pw tamNn-∏n-°m≥ th≠n ˛h-loZ JXo-^v, D-]-Po-h-\-Øn-\m-bn- Im-bv-
A√mlp G¿s∏-Sp-Ønb {Iao-I-c-W- ]mdm¬,- IÆq¿ I-\n-Iƒ- D¬-]m-Zn-∏n-°p-I-
ßsf bp‡n-hm-Zn-Iƒ Xmd-Sn-®p-Im-Wn- D-Ø-cw-- :- GI-\mb temI-c-£n-Xm- bpw- sN-bv-X-Xv.- A-h-s‚-
®mepw k∑-\- p≈ a\p-jy¿°v bmYm h√m-Ø- Bscsb-¶nepw Bcm-[n-°p-I- I¬-]-\-(\n-b-a)- {]-Im-cw-
¿Y-yw t_m[y-s∏-Sm-Xn-cn-°p-I-bn-√. tbm, temI-c-£n-Xm-hn-s\tbm Ahs‚ I-S-e-n-eq-sS- k-©-cn-°p-∂-
**** kXy-a-X-sØtbm \ntj-[n-°p-Itbm
Xn-\m- b
- n- A-h≥- \n-ßƒ-°v-
sNøp-∂-h¿ kz¿K-{]-th-i-Øn\v A¿l-
tNmZyw: Nne¿ XΩn-ep≈ hnhm- I-∏-ep-Iƒ- hn-t[-b-am-°n-
c-s√-∂s{X hnip≤ Jp¿-B\ - nse At\
l-_‘w Ckvemw \njn-≤-am-°n-bn- Iw kq‡-ßf - n¬ \n∂v hy‡-am-Ip∂Xv. Ø-cn-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xn-cn-°p-
´p-≠v. AØ-cØ - n-ep≈ c≠v- Aapkv acWwhscbpw _lp-ssZ-hh - m-ZØ
- ntem ∂p.- \-Zn-I-sf-bpw- A-h≥-
enwIƒ hnhmlw Ign-® tijw Ah kXy-\n-tj-[Ø - ntem Dd-®p-\n-∂h - ¿ G‰ \n-ßƒ-°v- hn-t[-b-am-°n-
¿ apkvenwI-fm-bn. F¶n¬, Ah¿ hpw ASpØ _‘p-°-fm-sW-¶n¬ t]m
XΩn¬ th¿]ncn-tb-≠-Xpt≠m? th
Ø--∂n-cn-°-p-∂p.''-
epw Ah¿°v th≠n ]m]-tam-N-\-Øn
¿]ncn- b - W - s a- ∂ mWv Ckv e manI \pw kz¿K-{]-th-i-Øn\pw kXy-hn-izm-
hn[n- s b- ¶ n¬ ]c- k v ] c kv t \l- kn-Iƒ {]m¿Y-n-°m≥ ]mSn-s√∂v Xmsg
2006 sk-]v-‰w-_¿- 41
hn-Nn-¥-\w--
hnizmk hyh-km-b-Øns‚
hn]-Øp-Iƒ
kn-\m≥.- sI-
hfsc kpXm-cyhpw hy‡-hp-am-b-n-t°≠ Imcy-amWv hnizm-k-hpw AXns‚

am\-Z-fi-hpw. Hcp hy‡n Xs‚ _p≤nbpw Nn¥bpw D]-tbm-Kn®v Hcp hnizmkw
Xn-c-s™-Sp-°p-tºmƒ AXn\v \ymbo-I-c-Whpw \oXn-I-cWhpw \¬Im≥ Bh-
iy-amb Ah-t_m[w Abm-fn¬ k÷-am-bn-cn-t°-≠X - p-≠v. a\pjy_p≤nbpw at\m-
L-S-\bpw a\p-jys‚ hnth-N\ tijnbpw Hs°-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´ Cu kmam
\yXØ-z-Øn\v \nc-°m-Ø-h-bmWv \n¿`m-Ky-h-im¬ B[p-\nI h¿Ø-am\ Ime-
L-´-Øn¬t]mepw ]ecpw ]pe¿Øp∂ hnizm-k-ßfpw BZ¿i-ß-fp-sa-√mw. a\p-
jy-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ A¿Y-hpw km[y-X-Ifpw At\z-jn-°-∂-Xn-\p≈ D]m-[n-I-fn¬
H∂v F∂ \ne-bn¬ ]cs° AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p∂ hnizmkw AXns‚ Bflo-
bhpw _p≤n-]-c-hp-amb A¿Y-Øn¬, hkvXp-\n-jvThpw \oXn-]q¿h-Ihpw bp-‡n-`-
{Z-hp-am-bn-cn-t°-≠Xv Bh-iy-am-Wv. hkvXp-\n-jvT-⁄m-\-Øn¬ A[n-jvTn-X-amb
Bi-bh - n-\n-ab
- ß- fpw hnh-c˛- h
- n-⁄m\ ssIam-‰ß - fpw Pohn-Xh - y-hl
- m-cß
- fpw \ne-
\n¬°p∂ h¿Ø-am\ Ime-L-´-Øn¬ hnizm-k-Øn\p kpXm-cy-Xbpw hy‡-Xbpw
Bh-iy-an√ F∂p hmZn-°p-hm≥ Bsc-¶nepw Xb-md - m-Ip-sa∂p tXm∂p-∂n-√. F∂m
¬ t_m[-]q¿htam A√m-sXtbm h¿Ø-am\ Ime-L-´-Øn¬ hen-sbmcp P\-hn-
`mKw hnizm-kØ - ns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ hkvXp-\n-jvTX - bpw bp‡n-`{- Z-Xbpw Bh-iyan√
F∂ \ne-]m-Sns\ ]n¥p-S¿∂p-h-cp-∂-Xmbn ImWp-∂p. a\pjy Pohn-X-Øn\v
e£yhpw am¿K-hpw, am¿K--Z¿i-\hpw \¬Ip∂ Hcp ]≤-Xnbpw AXns‚ ASn-
ÿm\ine-bp-ambn h¿Øn-t°-≠p∂ hnizm-k-Øn\v bp‡n-bp-sSbpw _p≤n-]-c-
X-bp-sSbpw Bh-iy-an√ F∂ Hcp \b-Øn\v hym]-I-amb coXn-bn¬ ]n≥_ew
\¬Ip-∂-Xpw {]Nc Ww \¬Ip-∂-Xp-amb ]e-Xcw {]h-W-X-Iƒ h¿Ø-am\ Ime-
L-´-Øn¬ \ne-\n∂p-h-cp∂p F∂Xp {it≤-b-am-Wv.
hnizm-kØ - n\v \oXn-`{- ZX,- bp‡n-`{- ZX, kXy-k‘ - X F∂nh D≠m-bn-cn-t°≠-
2006 sk-]v-‰w-_¿- 42
Xp-≠v. hnizm-k-Øns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ \oXn-`-{ZX F∂-Xv, hnizm-k-Øns‚ ê-{]m]v
Xn, {]tbm-P\-I-X, Pohn-X-_‘w F∂n-h-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´XmWv. ê-{]Z-hpw
{]tbm-P-\-I-c-hpw Pohn-X-Øn¬ {]mtbm-Kn-I-hp-amb hnizm-k-amWv \oXn `{Z-X-bp-
≈ -hn-izm-kw. a\p-jys‚ _p≤nbpw ssh⁄m-\nI hf¿®bpw [nj-Wm-]m-S-hhpw
A\p-k-cn®v A]-lm-ky-sa∂p hn[n-°-s∏-Sm-Ø-h-bmWv bp‡n-`-{Z-X-bp≈ hnizm-
kw. kXy-k-‘-X-bp≈ hnizm-k-sa-∂Xv Pohn-X-Øn¬ am¿K--Z¿i\w \¬Ip-∂Xpw
hnizmkw Bh-iy-s∏-Sp∂ Xc-Øn¬ AXns‚ Xs∂ LS-\-bn¬ ]q¿W-ambpw
kXy-am-bn-´p-≈X- p-am-Wv. ta¬]d-™X - c- Ø
- n¬ ]cn-]q¿Wamb Hcp hnizmkw F∂
\ne-bn¬ Nq≠n-°m--Wn-°p-hm≥ Ign-bp-∂Xv Ncn-{X-Ønepw h¿Ø-am\ Ime-L-´-
Ønepw GI-ssZh hnizmkw H∂p-am-{X-am-Wv. GI\pw AZzn-Xo-b\pw A\-\y-\pamb
Hcp ssZh-Øn¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂X - n-s\-°mƒ \oXn-`{- Zhpw bp‡n-kl - h - p- a
- mb as‰mcp
hnizm-khpw BZ¿ihpw Hcp Ime-L´- Ø - nepw \ne-hn-en-√. a\p-jy-cm-in-bpsS k¿h-
-tXm≥apJ-amb A`n-hr-≤nbpw t£ahpw BZ¿i hnip-≤nbpw \ne-sIm-≈p-∂Xv a\p-jys‚ _p≤nbpw
AØ-c-samcp hnizm-k-Øn¬ am{X-am-Wv. Cu hnizm-k-Øn\v FXn-cn¬ \n¬°p∂ ssh⁄m-\nI hf¿®bpw
{]h-W-X-I-fpsS Iq´-Øn¬ _lp-ssZh hnizm-kw, BƒssZh k¶¬]w, hn{Klm- [nj-Wm-]m-S-hhpw A\p-k-
cm-[-\bpw AXns‚ hnhn[ LS-I-ßfpw F∂n-h-sbms° Dƒs∏-Sp-∂p. GIssZh-
Øn¬ am{Xw hniz-kn-°pI F∂Xv \oXn-`-{Z-hpw bp‡n-`-{Z-hpw k-Xym-[n-jvTn-Xhpw cn®v A]-lm-ky-sa∂p hn[n-
BIp-∂X - n\p ImcWw AXp {]Ir-Xn-bp-sSbpw {]]-©Ø - n-s‚bpw imkv{X hn⁄m- °-s∏-Sm-Ø-h-bmWv bp‡n-`-
\mZn a\pjy kw`m-h-\-I-fp-sSbpw ]n¥p-W-bp≈XmWv F∂-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv. GI {Z-X-bp≈ hnizm-kw. kXy-k-
ssZh hnizm-k-Øn-s‚bpw AXns‚ bp‡n-`-{Z-X-bp-sSbpw km[q-I-cWw hnip≤
thZ-{K-Ÿ-amb Jp¿B\n¬ \¬Inbn-cn-°p∂ hN-\-ßƒ \nc-h-[n-bp-≠v. Ah-bn¬
‘-X-bp≈ hnizm-k-sa-∂Xv
Hcp ]cm-a¿iw C{]-Im-c-amWv:-- Pohn-X-Øn¬ am¿K--Z¿i\w
""A√mlp Acp-fn-bn-cn-°p-∂p: c≠v ssZh-ßsf \nßƒ kzoI-cn-°-cp-Xv. Ah≥ \¬Ip-∂Xpw hnizmkw
Htcsbmcp ssZhw am{X-ta-bp-≈q. AXn-\m¬ (GI ssZh-am-b) Fs∂am{Xw \nßƒ Bh-iy-s∏-Sp∂ Xc-Øn¬
`b-s∏-Sp-hn≥''
AXns‚ Xs∂ LS-\-bn¬
""Ahs‚XmIp∂p BIm-i-ß-fn-ep-≈Xpw `qan-bn-ep-≈Xpw.- \nc-¥-c-amb Iogvh
W°w Ah-∂-p-am-{X-am-Ip∂p.- F∂n-cns° A√mlp A√m-Ø-h-tcm-SmtWm \nßƒ ]q¿W-ambpw kXy-am-bn-´p-≈-
`‡n ImWn-°p-∂Xv?-'' (16:-51-˛52).- Xp-am-Wv. ta¬]d-™-X-c-
_lp-ssZ-hm-cm-[\ {]Ir-Xn-bp-sSbpw {]]-©Ø - n-s‚bpw XØ-zk- w-hn-[m-\Ø- n\v Øn¬ ]cn-]q¿Wamb Hcp
\nc-°p-∂-X√ F¶n¬, A{]-Imcw Xs∂-bmWv ssZth-X-c≥am-cn-ep≈ `‡nbpw hnizmkw F∂ \ne-bn¬
hnizm-kß - f- p-sa-√mw. kXy-Øn-s‚bpw bp‡n-bp-sSbpw ]£-Øp-\n∂v hnizm-ksØ
\nco-£n-°p-tºmƒ, _lp-ssZ-h-ß-f-n-epw ssZth-Xc hkvXp-˛-i‡nIfnepambn
Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°p-hm≥ Ign-
hnizmkw inYn-eo-I-cn-°-s∏´pt]mIp-∂Xv \oXo-I-cn-°m-hp-∂-X√ F∂ hkvXp-X- bp-∂Xv Ncn-{X-Ønepw h¿Ø-
bmWv- - BImi `qan-I-fpsS A[n-Im-chpw Ah-bn-ep≈Xns‚ AXy-¥nI DS-a-ÿX am\ Ime-L-´-Ønepw
bpw GI-ssZ-h-Øn-\p-am{Xw hI-sh-®p-sIm-Sp-°p∂ Jp¿B\nI ]cm-a¿i-Øn-eqsS
GI-ssZh hnizmkw
ÿm]n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.- {]]-©-Øn\pw {]Ir-Xn°pw kzm`m-hn-I-am-bn-´p≈ \nb-a-Øn-
s‚bpw hy-hÿ - b - p-sSbpw ]n∂n¬ h¿Øn-°p∂ GIi‡n-bn-ep≈ hnizm-kØ - n¬ H∂p-am-{X-am-Wv.
\n∂v hyXn-N-en-°p-∂-Xn-s\-bmWv Jp¿B≥ AXoh Kpcp-X-c-amb hnizmk hyXn-
N-e\- a
- mbn hnti-jn-∏n-°p-∂X - v. h¿Ø-am\ Ime-L´- Ø - n¬ \ne-\n¬°p∂ hnizmk
hyXn-bm-\ß - ƒ Jp¿B\nI am¿KZ¿i-\Ø - ns‚ shfn-®Ø
- n¬ ]cn-tim-[\mhnt[b-
am-°p-tºmƒ, Ah {]Ir-Xn, {]]©w,- bp‡n, kXyw, \oXn F∂o LS-Iß - sf ]msS
Xnc-kvI-cn-°p-∂-Xmbpw ]Icw anYy-I-sfbpw Ahm-kvXh k¶¬]-ß-sfbpw Ak
Xyw,- A\oXn F∂o {]h-W-X-I-sfbpw ]n¥p-Wbv°∂-Xm-bpw- ImWmw. hnizmk-
]-c-amb Cu {]Xn-k-‘n, bYm¿Y-Øn¬ h¿Ø-am\Ime a\p-jy-cmin AI-s∏ńcn-
°p∂ _p≤n-]c - hpw hnizm-k] - c- h
- p-amb XI¿®-bpsS Bhn-jvIm- c sshhn-[y-ßsf
{]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-°p∂p,- kXy-Øn¬.
hy‡n-Iƒ ]qPn-°s - ∏-Sp-Ib
- p-w ImW-s∏´ ssZh-ßƒ a\pjykaq-lß - sf \bn-
°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ h¿Ø-am\ Ime-L-´-Øn¬ bYm¿Y- hnizm-k-Øns‚ shfn-®-
Øn¬ am\hkaq-lØ - n¬ Nne¿ sN∂ptNcm-Xn-cn-°p-∂X - ns‚ Imc-Wß
- ƒ At\z-
jW hnt[-ba- m-t°-≠X- p-≠v. BƒssZh-`‡ - n, hn{K-lm-cm-[\m hyh-km-bw, a\pjy-
2006 sk-]v-‰w-_¿- 43
ssZh tI{μo-Ir-Xa - mb Bflob LS\ F∂n-hb - p-ambn _‘-s∏´ {]iv\ß - ƒ a\x-
im-kv{X-]-c-hpw kmaq-ly-]-c-hpw kmº-Øn-I-hp-amb LS-I-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏´p
InS-°p-∂-h-bm-Wv. hnizm-k-]-c-amb a\pjy a\- ns‚ Bh-iy-I-X-Isf \n¿W-bn-
°p-hm\pw ]cn-lc - n-°p-hm-\p-ap≈ hf¿®-bnepw ]mI-Xb - nepw FØm-Xn-cn-°p∂ {]h-
W-X-I-sf-t∏mepw hym]-I-ambn hn]-W\w sNøp-hm≥ km[n-°p-∂p-≠v. B[p-\nI
Ime-L-´-Øns‚ s]mXp {]h-W-X-bmb Ffp-∏-Øns‚bpw Bbmkcmln-Xy-Øn-
s‚bpw ]nd-sI-t∏m-hpI F∂Xp am{X-a√ CXns‚ Imc-Ww. Hcp-h-iØp hnh-c-
km-t¶-XnI hnπ-hhpw ssh⁄m-\nI ]ptcm-KX - nbpw hcp-Øn-sh-®n-´p≈ ]cn-h¿Ø-
\-hpw, adp-h-iØv a\p-jy≥ A{X-sbm∂pw kmt¶-Xn-I-ambn hnI-kn-®n-ń-√mØ
Ime-L-´-Øn¬ ]pe¿Øn-bn-cp∂ hnizmk]c-amb B¿P-h-Øn¬ \n∂p≈ ]n¥n-
cn-™p-t]m-°p-amWp \mw I≠p sIm≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. a\p-jy≥ Ah-s\-Ø-s∂bpw
kzbw krjvSn-°p-I-bpw ]p\¿\n¿h-Nn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ C∂v,
Ah≥ Ah-s\-°mƒ hne-Ip-d-™-h-bpsS ASn-a-Ifpw hnt[-b-cp-am-bn-Øo-cp∂ hn
tcm-[m-`m-ka
- mWp \mw I≠p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂X - v. a\p-jys‚ icm-icn aqeyw, {]]©-
Ønse GsXmcp òa≥hkvXp {]Xn-`m-k-Øn\pw apI-fn-emWv F∂ Imcyw AwKo-
I-cn-°p-hm≥ GsXmcp Aev]-_p-≤n°pw Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-∂n-´pw, h¿Ø-am\ ImeL-
´-Øn¬ a\p-jy≥ Ah-s\-°mƒ Xmsg-bp≈ hkvXp-°-fpsS ASn-a-Ifpw hnt[-b- a\p-jys‚ icm-icn aqeyw,
cp-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂-Xns\ \n w-K-X-tbmsS ho£n-°p-∂Xv icn-b-√.
{]]-©-Ønse GsXmcp
hn{K-lm-cm-[\
òa≥hkvXp {]Xn-`m-k-
F¥mWp hn{Klw F∂p `mc-Xob XØ-zi - m-kv{X-ßƒ \n¿h-Nn-®n´p≠v. hn{Kl-
Øn\v \¬I-s∏-Sp∂ A¿Y-ß-fn¬ H∂v ""ssNX-\ysØ {Kln-°p-∂-Xn¬ am[y-a- Øn\pw apI-fn-emWv F∂
am-Ip-∂Xv'' F∂mWv(1). ssNX-\y-sa-∂m¬ ssZh-am-Imw, i‡n-bm-Imw, a\p-jy-\n- Imcyw AwKo-I-cn-°p-hm≥
te°v ]c-I-mb {]thiw sNøm-hp-∂tXm A√m-ØtXm Bb Hcp {]Xn-`m-k-hp-am- GsXmcp Aev]-_p-≤n°pw
Imw. CØ-c-Øn¬ GXn-s\bpw hn{K-l-sa∂p A¿Y-am-°p-∂p-≠v. a\p-jy≥ {]W-
an-°p-I-bpw Bflo-btam B[-ym-fln-Itam Bb Bhiy\n¿h-l-Wm¿Y-w B{i-bn-
Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-∂n-´pw, h¿Ø-
°p-I-bpw sNøp∂ hkvXp-˛-{]-Xo-I-ßƒ hn{K-l-ß-fm-Wv. {]]-©-Ønse ùXnI am\ Ime-L-´-Øn¬ a\p-jy≥
hkvXp-°-fn¬\n∂pw Dcp-Øn-cn-s®-Sp-°-s∏-Sp∂ {]Xo-I-ßfpw Nn”-ß-fpw, a\p- Ah-s\-°mƒ Xmsg-bp≈
jys‚ Ichncp-Xv, `mh-\, Nn¥m-K-Xn, Bibw F∂n-hsb B{i-bn-®mWv Dcp-Øn-
hkvXp-°-fpsS ASn-a-Ifpw
cn-™p-h-cp-∂-Xv. hn{K-lm-cm-[-\-bnse G‰hpw {]iv\-I-ep-jn-X-amb hiw AXm-
Wv.- hn{K-l-Øns‚ cq]o-I-cWw bYm¿Y-Øn¬ a\p-jys‚ a\ nepw `mh-\-bn-ep- hnt[-b-cp-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂-Xns\
amWv BZy-ambn kw`-hn-°p-∂-Xv. a\p-jy≥ hn`m-h\w sNøp∂ Hcp kz`m-hØn- \n w-K-X-tbmsS ho£n-°p-
epw- LS-\-bnepw Bi-b-Øn-ep-ambn ùXnI hkvXp-Iƒ°v kz`mh ]cn-Wmaw ∂Xv icn-b-√.
kw`-hn-°p-tºmƒ hn{K-l-ßƒ D≠m-Ip-∂p. a\p-jy≥ Xm≥Xs∂ kzbw cq]o-I-
cn-°p∂ H∂ns\ Xs‚ Xs∂ B {]-hr-Ønsb hnkvacn-®p-sIm≠v kao-]n-°-p-
IbmWv hn{K-lm-cm-[-\-bn¬ kw`-hn-°p-∂Xv F∂-tXm-sSm∏w Xs∂ a\p-jy≥
X∂n¬\n∂pw sNdp-Xmb Hcp LS-I-Øns‚ hnt[-b-Xz-Øn\v hgn-s∏-Sp-∂Xpw hn{K-
lm-cm-[-\-bn¬ ImWp-∂p-≠v. bp‡n-bp-sS-bpw [nj-W-bp-sSbpw kmam\y Adn-hn-
s‚bpw ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ ]cn-tim-[n-°p-tºmƒ hn{K-lm-cm-[-\bpw a\pjy al-
Ø-zhpw XΩn-ep≈ AIew hf-sc- h-ep-Xm-sW∂p ImWmw. Cu ImgvN-∏m-Sn\v
km[q-I-cWw \¬Ip∂ LS-I-ßƒ `mc-Xob XØ-z-im-kv{X-ßƒ, bp‡n-Nn-¥,
a\p-jys‚ kmam\y_p≤n F∂n-hb - psS Xs∂ ASn-ÿm-\Ø - n¬ hni-Ie - \w sNø-
s∏-tS-≠Xpw Bh-iy-amWv. hn{K-lm-cm-[-bnse ⁄m\hnc-p-≤hpw bp‡ncln-X-
hp-amb hi-ßsf Hcp kmam\y _p≤n°p Xmsg-]-dbpw {]Imcw {Iao-I-cn-°p-
hm≥ Ignbpw:
(1).- hn{K-lm-cm-[\ AXns‚ F√m cq]-ßf
- nepw a\p-jy-`m-h\
- b
- psS Hcp sNdnb
Awi-Øn\p a\p-jy≥ kzbw hnt[-b-am-I-em-Wv.
(2).-- a\pjy≥ Ahs‚ `mh-\sb-°mƒ sNdp-Xm-hp-Ibpw a\pjy hn`m-h-\-tijn-
bnse apJy-L-S-I-ß-f-{Xbpw XnckvIcn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.
(3).- hn{Kl`‡n-bpsS ê-ambn a\p-jy-Nn¥ AtN-X\ hkvXp-°-tfm-Sp≈
hnt[-bX - z-Øn\p hg-ßp-tºmƒ tNX-\b
- psS Ne-\m-flI
- X
- °p th≠{X ]cn-KW
- \
2006 sk-]v-‰w-_¿- 44
\¬I-s∏-Sp-∂n-√.
(4).- hnizm-k-Øn¬ \n∂v a\pjy ak-vXnjv°w kzoI-cn-t°≠ Du¿P--Øn\v
hn{K-lm-cm-[-\-bn¬ ]cn-K-W\ \¬I-s∏-Sp-∂n-√.
(5).- Pohn-Øns‚ kzm`m-hn-I-X-bv°p-]p-d-Øp≈ Hcp A\yhkvXp-hmbn Xs‚
hnizm-kØ - ns‚ Ah-ew-_a- mb hn{K-lsØ ImWp∂ hn{Kl ]qP-I¿-, Pohn-Xhpw
hnizm-khpw XΩn¬ _‘-an-√mØ Hcp coXn-imkv{Xw ]n¥p-Sc - p-Ib
- mWp sNøp∂Xv.
Nne XØ-z-ß-fp-sSbpw Bi-b-ß-fp-sSbpw ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-emWp hn{K-l-ßƒ
cq]w-sIm-≈p-∂-Xv. IW-°p-Iƒ, IrXy-X-Iƒ, a{¥-ßƒ, X{¥coXn-Iƒ F∂n-hbp
sS ASn-ÿm-\Ø - n-ep≈ hn{Kl \n¿a-mWw bYm¿Y-Øn¬ a\p-jys‚ Xs∂ ⁄m
\w, Ah-t_m-[w, ]cn-Nbw F∂n-hs - b-bmWv ASn-ÿm-\a - m-°p-∂X
- v. Hcp km[mcW
a\pjy Nn¥bpw _p≤nbpw kzm`m-hn-I-ambn {]h¿Øn-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ Xs∂ {]]-©-Ønse ùXnI
At\-Im-bncw Bi-b-ßfpw XØ-z-ßfpw Nn¥m-K-Xn-Ifpw BZ¿i-ßfpw AXn¬
\n∂pw Dcp-Øn-cn-bp-∂p-≠v. Ah-bn¬ IW-°p-I-fpw IrXy-X-bp≈ am\-Z-fi-ßfpw
hkvXp-°-fn¬\n∂pw Dcp-
a\p-jy≥Xs∂ BhnjvI-cn-°p∂ a{¥-ß-fpw {Inbm-]-c-amb Bh-iy-ßƒ A\p- Øn-cn-s®-Sp-°-s∏-Sp∂ {]Xo-
k-cn®v a\p-jy≥ Is≠-Øp∂ coXn-Ifpw Dƒs°m≈p∂ Adn-hp-Ifpw Ah-bpsS I-ßfpw Nn”-ß-fpw, a\p-
BhnjvI-mc-ßfpw am‰n \n¿Øn-bm¬ Xs∂bpw KWy-amb Hcp hn`mKw AdnhpI
jys‚ Ichncp-Xv, `mh-\,
fpw Ah-t_m-[-ßfpw tijn-°p-∂p-≠v. hn{K-lm-cm-[-\-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´ ⁄m\
Øn-s‚bpw XØ-zØ - n-s‚bpw BsI-ØpI a\pjy hn`m-h\- tijn-bpsS ]cn-anXamb Nn¥m-K-Xn, Bibw F∂n-
Hcw-isØ am{Xsa {]Xn-\n-[m\w sNøp-∂p≈q F∂-Xp-sIm-≠mWv hn{K-lmcm-[- hsb B{i-bn-®mWv Dcp-Øn-
\-bn¬ a\p-jy-Nn-¥-bpsS {]mXn-\n[yw hf-sc- ]-cn-an-X-am-sW∂v Nne¿ ]d-bp-∂Xv. cn-™p- -h-cp-∂-Xv. hn{K-lm-cm-
a\p-jy≥ BhnjvIc - n-°p∂ ⁄m\-Øn-s‚bpw {Inbm-]≤- X- n-If- p-sSbpw BsI- [-\-bnse G‰hpw {]iv\-I-
Øp-Ib - mbn Dcp-Øn-cn™-p hcp∂ Hcp Imcy-sa∂ \ne-bn¬ hn{K-lm-cm-[\ ]cnKW-
\-s°-Sp-°p-tºmƒ, tijn® KWy-amb as‰mcp ]¶v Ah-KW - n-°s - ∏-Sp-Ib- mWv sNøp- ep-jn-X-amb hiw AXm-Wv.-
∂-Xv. Xs‚ ⁄m\-Øn-s‚bpw Adn-hn-s‚bpw Hcw-i-Øn\v a\p-jy≥ k¿h-kzhpw hn{K-l-Øns‚ cq]o-I-cWw
ASn-b-d-sh-°p-∂n-SØv kw`-hn-°p∂ XI¿®--Iƒ Ch-bm-Wv: bYm¿Y-Øn¬ a\p-jys‚
(1).- B Hcw-i-sØ-°mƒ anI® a‰p LS-I-ß-fpsS _p≤n-]-c-amb hn\n-tbmKw a\ nepw `mh-\-bn-ep-amWv
Ah-K-Wn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. Hcp ]t£,- (F-∂-√,- Xo¿®-bm-bpw) B IqSnb Awi-ßƒ
a\p-jys\ hn{K-lm-cm-[\
- s
- b-°mƒ anI® Hcp km[\m hrØ-Øn-te°v \bn-°mhp-
BZy-ambn kw`-hn-°p-∂-Xv.
∂-Xm-Wv, \bn-°p-∂-Xp-am-Wv. a\p-jy≥ hn`m-h\w sNøp∂
(2).- a\p-jys‚ Xs∂ [njWm tijn-bn¬ Hc¬]Øns‚ XS-hp-Im-c-\mbn Hcp kz`m-hØn-epw- LS-\-
Ah≥ Imem-Imew Ign-bp-hm≥ hn[n-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. CXv a\p-jys‚ hnizm-k-]-camb bnepw Bi-b-Øn-ep-ambn
\n›-e-X-sb-bmWv {]Xn-\n-[m\w sNøp-∂Xv F∂p ImWmw.
ùXnI hkvXp-Iƒ°v
(3).- \nt›-X-\-Ø-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ am\-kn-I-amb kΩ¿Z-hpw ASn-a-Øhpw
a\p-jy-Nn-¥sb AXns‚ ss\k¿K-nI km[y-X-I-fn¬ \n∂p {]Xn-tcm-[n-°p-∂p.
kz`mh ]cn-Wmaw kw`-hn-°p-
a\p-jy≥ Ahs‚ Xs∂ Hcp krjvSn-sb-°mƒ sNdp-Xm-hpI F∂Xp a\pjy tºmƒ hn{K-l-ßƒ
al-Ø-z-Øn\v \nc-°p-∂-X-√. a\p-jy≥ DXn¿°p∂ Hcp hm°v, Ahs‚ Nn¥-bn¬ D≠m-Ip-∂p.
cq]-s∏-Sp∂ Hcm-i-bw, a\p-jy≥ cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ Hcp Nn{Xtam k¿K-kz`m-h-ap≈
krjvSn-tbm˛ Ch-bn¬ Hmtcm∂pw a\p-jys‚ BhnjvImctam cN-\tbm Bbn-cn-
°mw. Hcmƒ Xs‚ hm°ns‚ cN-\b - psS XS-hp-Im-c\
- m-bn-cn-°pI F∂Xp F{X am{Xw
hntcm-[m-`m-ka
- mWv F∂p Nn¥n-®m¬ a\- n-em-°p-hm≥ Ign-bpw. Xm≥ t_m[]q¿hw
Dcp-Øn-cn-s®-Sp-°p∂ F√m-‰nepw a\pjya\- ns‚ km∂n[yw {Ko°v XØ-zNn-¥-
I≥am-cpw `mc-Xob Nn¥-I≥am-cpw Z¿in-°p-∂p-≠v. {Ko°p Iem-\n-cq-]-W-Øns‚
am\-Zfi
- ß
- ƒ A\p-kcn®v in¬]n-bpsS at\m-hn-Nm-cß - f - mWv inev]Ø
- ns‚ BsI-
Øp-I. F∂m¬ GsXmcp hkvXp-thm, hmt°m, in¬]tam, krjvSntbm Hcn-°epw
Hcp a\pjy a\- ns‚ BXy-¥n-I-amb kw£n-]vXX BIp-∂n√ F∂ hkvXpX
hnkva-cn-°m-h-X-√.
Hcn-°¬ Bhn-jvIr-X-am-Ip∂ Hcp hm°n-s‚tbm Zriy-Øn-s‚tbm ap∂n¬
\n∂pw a\p-jy≥ hgn-am-dmsX \n¬°p-Ib-- m-sW-¶n¬ AXn-\¿Y-w X∂nse Aev]mwi
Ø
- n-\p- ap-∂n¬ X∂nse k¿hmw-isØ a\p-jy≥ hrYm hn\n-abw sNøp∂p F∂m
2006 sk-]v-‰w-_¿- 45
Wv. bYm¿Y-Øn¬ hn{K-lm-cm-[\ - b
- n¬ kw`-hn-°p-∂Xpw AXp Xs∂-bmWv. a\pjy-
\nse A¬]mwiw- a\p-jy-s\-°mƒ ]cn-KW - n-°s - ∏-Sp∂ Hcp-hiw hn{K-lm-cm-[\bn
¬ D≠m-Ip-∂, hn{K-lm-cm-[\ - b
- psS `mc-Xob ]cn-I¬]-\I - f- n¬ImWmw. X∂n-ep≈
ssNX-\ysØ Xs∂-bmWv a\p-jy≥ hn{K-l-ß-fnepw ImWp-Ibpw Bhn-jvI-cn-
°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂Xv F∂v `mc-Xob X{¥-imkv{X {KŸ-ßƒ ]d-bp-∂p (2).
a\pjya\ v \nc-¥cw _‘-s∏-´p-\n¬°p-∂-h-bpsS kz`mhw a\p-jy-\n¬
Bhn¿`-hn-°pI Xs∂-sN-øpw. a\p-jy-cp-am-bp≈ \nXy-kº - ¿°-Øn¬ Xs∂ C°m
cyw hy‡-am-W-t√m. Nne hy‡n-I-fp-am-bp≈ kº¿°-Øn-eqsS B hy‡n-IfpsS
KpW-ßƒ ad-dp-≈-h-cn-te°p kw{I-an-°p-∂Xp \mw ImWm-dp-≠-t√m. F∂m¬ a
\p-jysc a\p-jycpsS ÿm\w, ]Z-hn, D]-tbm-K-£-a-X, Bhiyw F∂n-h-b-\p-k-
cn-®mWv km[m-c-W-°m¿ ]cn-K-Wn-°m-dp-≈-Xv. hnizm-k-Øns‚ Imcy-Ønepw Cu
]cn-KW- \ - I
- ƒ Ds≠-¶n¬ t]mepw, Ah-sb-°mƒ D]-cn-bmb Hcm-Z¿i-Xe - Ø
- n-emWv
hnizm-k-Øns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ a\p-jy-a-\ p \ne-sIm-≈p-∂-Xv. AXo-Xhpw bYm¿Y bYm¿Y- hnizmkw Hcp
hp-amb Hcp i‡n-bn-ep≈ hnizmkw Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂Xv- \nc-¥-c-amb Ne-\hpw
]cn-h¿Ø-\-hpw Imcy-£-a-amb a\p-jy-hn-\n-tbm-K-ß-fp-am-Wv. F∂m¬ \nivtNX-
\nebv-°pw Xm¬°m-en-I-X-I-
\-amb H∂n-ep≈ hnizmkw CXns‚ FXn¿Zn-i-bn-emWv h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xv. GI-]- fp-ambn s]mcp-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂n-√.
£o-b-amb Hcp kw`m-j-Ww-t]m-se-bmWv hn{K-lm-cm-[-I-cp-sSbpw hn{K-l-]q-P-I- PohnXw, ac-Ww, ac-Wm-\-¥c
cp-sSbpw am\-k-n-Im-h-ÿ-I-sf-¶nepw Ah¿ kzbw Biz-kn-∏n-°p-Ib -- mWp sNøp-
∂-Xv. \n¿P-ohXbn¬ icWw {]m]n-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS a\p-jy-a-\ v bmYm¿Y-y-ß-fn¬
PohnXw F∂n-h-bp-ambn \nc-
\n∂p anYy-I-fn-te°pw anYy-I-fn¬\n∂v \ng-ep-I-fn-te°pw ]n≥hmßp-I-bpw B ¥cw Nn¥-sbbpw _p≤n-
]n≥hmß¬ \nc-¥cw Bh¿Øn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bpw sNøp-∂p. sbbpw _‘n®p \n¿Øp∂
a\p-jy≥ F¥p-sIm-≠m-Wv, F¥n-\mWv hniz-kn-°p-∂Xv F∂-Xn\v hy‡amb Hcp LS-I-amWv bYm¿Y-
DØcw \¬I-s∏-tS-≠-Xp-≠v. hnizm-k-Øns‚ bp‡n-]-c-Xbpw bp‡n `{Z-Xbpw
\ne-sIm-≈p-∂Xv Hc¿Y-Øn¬ Cu DØ-c-Øn-em-Wv. Xs‚ hnizm-k-ßƒ, {]h¿Ø- hnizm-kw. CXns‚ adp-h-i-
\-ßƒ, PohnXhrØn-Iƒ F∂n-h-bn-se-√m-ap≈ {Inbm-fl-IXzw kXy-k-‘hpw Øm-Wv Aev]-am-{Xhpw
kzm`m-hn-I-hp-amb Hcp hnizm-k-Øns‚ XpS¿®-bmbn a\p-jy≥- B{K-ln°p-∂p≠v. £n{]-Xm¬]cy-ßƒ
F∂m¬ Cu B{K-lØ - n\v hn{K-lm-cm-[\ - b - n¬ F{X-am{Xw km[q-Ic - Ww \¬Is∏-
Sp-∂p≠v F∂-XmWv At\z-jW hnj-b-am-t°-≠p∂ LS-Iw. CØcw Hc-t\z-jW- ap≥\n¿Øn-bp-≈-Xp-amb
Øns‚ DØcw hn{K-lm-cm[\-bn¬ ]q¿W-am-bn-cn-°-W-sa-∂n-√, Hcn-°epw AXp Xm¬°m-enI hnizm-k-ßƒ.
]q¿W-am-bn-cn-°p-Ib - p-an-√. hnizmkw GI-]£ - o-bamb Hcp {]m¿Y-\b - nepw Bhiy- BƒssZh-ßƒ bYm¿Y
ß-fpsS ]ńI ka¿∏-W-Ønepw am{Xw HX-p-ßp-tºmƒ AXns‚ D]-bp-‡X ]cnK-
Wn-°-s∏-Sp-∂n-√. adn®v a\pjyPohn-XsØ hebw sNbvXp \n¬°p∂ Hcp ]≤Xn- Øn¬ Bizm-k-Zm-b-I¿ am-{X-
bpsS hn\n-a-bhpw Hc-eu-InI {]Xn-`m-k-Øns‚ `mK-hp-ambn hnizmkw h¿Ønt°- am-Wv, {]iv\-]-cn-lm-c-I-c√
≠-Xm-h-iy-am-Wv. a\pjyPohn-XsØ hebw sNbvXp \n¬°p∂ ]≤-Xn-bpsS `mK- F∂ kXyw th≠{X
ambn hcp-∂Xv {]Ir-Xnbpw a\p-jy\pw {]]-©-L-S-I-ßfpw Dƒs∏-Sp∂ kwhn-[m-
\-Øns‚ kq{X-[m-c-\n-ep≈ hnizm-k-am-Wv. AtXm-sSm∏w {]]-©-Øns‚ alm-c- Adn™pw AwKo-I-cn®pw
l-ky-ß-fn-te°p Xpd-°p∂ Hcp Aeu-InI Ihm-S-ambpw CØcsa-mcp hnizmkw Xs∂-bmWv ]cepw AØcw
h¿Øn-°p-∂p. kXy-k‘ - hpw bp‡n-]q¿W-hp-amb hnizm-kØ - n-eqsSbmWv _p≤n-
tI{μ-ß-fp-ambn
am-\mb Hcp a\p-jy≥ Xs‚ [nj-Wm-]-c-amb ktμ-l-ßƒ°pw kwi-b-ßƒ°p-
sa√mw DØ-chpw {]iv\] - c
- n-lm-chpw Is≠-Øn-s°m-≠n-cp-∂n-´p-≈Xv F∂p ImWmw. _‘-s∏-Sp-∂-Xpw.
hnizm-kzm-[n-jvTn-X-amb Hcp a\- ns‚ A`m-h-Øn¬ a\p-jy-Nn-¥bpw [nj-Wbpw
hgn-sX-‰pI kzm`m-hn-I-am-Wv. F∂m¬ hnizm-km-[n-jvTn-X-amb a\- m-sW-¶n¬
Xs∂-bpw, B hn-izmkw icn-bm-b-X-s√-¶n-ep≈ hgn-sX-‰-en\v A]-I-S-ßƒ Gsd-
bp-am-Wv. hn{K-lm-cm-[-\-bn¬ bYm¿Y-Øn¬ kw`-hn-°p-∂Xv CØ-c-samcp KpcpXc-
amb am¿K--{`-wi- w-Xs
- ∂-bm-Wv. a\p-jy-[n-jW - sb Pzen-∏n-°p∂ bmsXmcp LS-Ihpw
hn{K-lm-cm-[\ Dƒs°m-≈p-∂n-√.
Pohn-XØ - ns‚ A®p-X≠ - mWv hnizm-kw. hnizm-kØ - ns‚ `{ZX hy‡-amb Pohn
X-Øn\pw PohnXho£-W-Øn\pw Bh-iy-am-Wv. Hcmƒ H∂nepw hniz-kn-°p-∂n√
F∂p ]d-bp-∂Xv F{X-am{Xw icn-bm-bn-cn-°m-sa∂v ]cn-tim-[n-°-s∏-tS-≠-Xp-≠v.
Imc-Ww, anI® bp‡n-hm-Zn-Ifpw \mkvXn-Icpw Ahn-izm-kn-If - p-ambn Adn-bs - ∏´ ]e
imkv{X-⁄≥amcpw {]Xn-`-Ifpw aqVhpw Aim-kv{Xo-b-hp-amb ]e-Xcw hnizm-
k-ßf - p-sS XS-hp-Im-cmbncp∂p F∂p ImWmw. hy‡-amb hnizm-kØ - ns‚ ]ndsI
2006 sk-]v-‰w-_¿- 46
kzPo-hn-XsØ apt∂m´p \bn-°p-hm≥ Xb-md - m-Im-Xn-cp-∂h - ¿, am\-kn- I - hpw Bflob-
hp-amb XI¿®-I-fp-sSbpw {]Xn-k-‘n-I-fp-sSbpw ê-ambn GsX¶nepw _meni
hnizm-kß - s - f cl-ky-ambn Xmtem-en-°p-Ib - pw ]n¥p-Sc - p-Ibpw sNbvXp-h∂ - n-cp∂p.
Ah¿ AXn¬ KqV-ambn B\-μn-°p- I - b
- pw, D]-cn-πh- a- mb \mkvXn-I˛- A - h - n-izmkhmZ-
Øn\p ]pdØv Ah¿ AXoh cl-ky-amb Nne arZpe sshIm-cn-IX - I - sf Xmtemen-
°p-I-bpw sNbvXp-h-∂n-cp-∂p.(3)
Pohn-X-Øns‚ Cu kzm`m-hn-I-amb Znisb AXn-ew-Ln-°p-hm≥ Ign-™-h¿
Xosc-bn-s√∂p ]d-bmw. a\p-jy≥ am\-k-n-I-ambn Xmtem-en-°p-∂-h-bp-ambn Ah\v
D≠m-bn-Øo-cp∂ KqV-amb Bfl-_‘w Ahs‚ Pohn-XsØ ]e-Xc - Ø
- n¬ kzm[o-
\n-°p- I
- X- s∂ sNøpw. kXy-ssZ-hØ - n¬, bYm¿Y- coXn-bn¬ hnizmkw ]pe¿Øp∂
hy‡nbn¬ Ahs‚ Pohn-X-Øns‚ a¿a- _nμphmbn hnizmkw h¿Øn-°p-tºmƒ,
hn{K-lm-cm-[-\-bnepw hn{K-l-`-‡n-bnepw kw`-hn-°p-∂Xv Pohn-X-Øn\v AØ-c-
samcp _nμp e`y-am-Ip-∂n√ F∂-Xm-Wv. lrZ-b-Øn-s‚bpw Pohn-X-Øn-s‚bpw ]pd-
ØmWv hn{Kl-]q-PIcpsS Pohn-X-Ønse hnizm-khpw hnizmk_-‘-hpw. Pohn-
XsØ hnizm-kØ - n¬\n∂v A\y-h¬°-cn®p ImWp∂ Cu ho£Ww IpØ-gn™
Pohn-Xw, Ae-£y-Po-hn-Xw, Ab-Ym¿Y- hnizmkw F∂n-XymZn {]h-W-X-Iƒ°v BƒssZh-ßƒ a\p-jy-k-aq-
]›m-Øe - a- mbnØocp-∂Xp {i≤n-t°-≠X - p-≠v. hn{K-l] - q-PI - \- mb Hcp hy‡nbpsS l-Øn\v F¥p \¬Ip∂p
PohnXho£Ww AXns‚ _men-i-Øhpw Aev]-Ø-hpw-sIm≠p thdn-´p-\n¬°p-
F∂ tNmZy-Øn-\v,
∂Xp ImWmw.
BƒssZh-`‡n
Xm¬°menI Bizm-k-
a\pjyPohn-XØ - ns‚ \nc-¥c - - ]-cn-Wmaw H´-\h - [n ]T-\ß - ƒ°p hnj-ba - mbn´p- ßfpw D]-cn-Xe im¥n-bpw,
≈-Xm-Wv. Pohn-X-Øns‚ ]mcn-ÿn-Xn-I-hpw D]-cn-π-h-hp-amb LS-ßƒ amdp-∂-Xn\- sI´p-]m-Sp-I-fn¬ ASn-™p-
\p-k-cn®v PohnXw amdn-s°m--≠n-cn-°pw. a\p-jy≥ Ahs‚ \nXy Pohn-X-hp-ambn Iq-Sp∂ hy‡n-hn-kvar-Xn-
_‘-s∏´ {]iv\ß - f - n¬ B{i-bn-°p-Ibpw Ah-ew-_n-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ hnizmk-
Øn-s‚bpw Bcm-[-\-bp-sSbpw Imcy-Øn¬ bp‡n-`-{Z-amb Hcp kao-]\w kzoI-cn-
bpsS kpJ-ßfpw F∂mWv
°p-hm≥ km[n-°msX hcp-amdv Pohn-X-Ønse am‰-ßƒ Xo{h-th-K-Øn-em-Ip-∂- DØcw e`n-°p-I. a{¥-hm-Zw,
Xns‚ XpS¿®-bmWv a\p-jy≥ £n{]-hn-izm-k-ß-fpsS ASn-a-I-fm-bn-Øo-cp-∂Xv C{μ-Pm-ew, I¨sI-´p-Iƒ,
F∂p s]mXpsh hne-bn-cp-Ø-s∏-Sm-dp-≠v. a\p-jy-akvXnjvI-sa∂ ]co-£-W-im-
e-bn¬ \nc-¥cw ]co-£-W-ßƒ \S-Øp∂ Nne Nn¥-I≥am¿, Zp¿_e hnizm-k-
hio-I-c-W-X-{¥-ßƒ F∂n-h-
ßƒ°pw `‡n˛ Bcm-[-\-Iƒ°pw \¬Ip∂ hniZoIcWw, a\pjy≥ Bbmkc bpsS hnhn[ LS-I-ßsf
lnXambXns\ ]n¥pScp∂p F∂ hm¿Øam\Ime PohnXØns‚ ioew,- Bƒ ASn-ÿm-\-am-°n-bmWv
ssZh`‡n, hn{Kl]qP F∂nhbn¬ kzm[o\w sNepØp∂p F∂XmWv. ssZh
BƒssZh-ßƒ Ah-cpsS
sØ°-pdn®v As√¶n¬ a\pjy\v bYm¿Y-Øn¬ hnizknt°≠ kXyØns‚ bm
Ym¿Yy-sØ°-pdn®v ]eXcw A⁄XIƒ hnXcWw sNøp∂ B[p\nIImeL \ne-\n¬]n\v km[q-I-c-
´Ønse ÿm]\h¬°cn°s∏´ aXßsf ]pdwX≈ns°m≠mWv _meni hnizm Whpw \oXo-I-c-Whpw
kßƒ hf¿∂p apt∂dp∂Xv F∂XmWv- {it≤bamb Hcp hkvXpX. bp‡n`{Z
Is≠-Øm-dp-≈-Xv.
amb hnizmkØn¬\n∂p a\pjyNn¥sbbpw Aht_m[sØbpw XSbpIbpw
XS s∏SpØpIbpw sNøp∂ Nne D]cnπh BZ¿ißfpw AhbpsS IqSnbtXm
Xnepff {]NcWhpw Aev]hnizmkßsfbpw A‘hnizmkßsfbpw Du¿Pw
]I¿∂p t]mjn∏n°p∂p≠v. bYm¿Y-hpw IrXyhpamb Imcyßƒ In´mXmhp∂
tXm, AhbpsS BhiyIXsb°pdn®p≈ A⁄Xtbm km[mcW PohnXØn¬
a\pjys\ Ir{Xna hkvXp°fpsSbpw D]IcWßfpsSbpw D]tbmKØnte°p
\bn°mdp≈Xp Xs∂ hnizmkØns‚ ImcyØnepw kw`hn°pIbpw Bh¿Øn
°pIbpw sNøp∂p.(4)
bYm¿Y- hnizmkw Hcp \nebv° - pw Xm¬°m-en-IX - I- f - p-ambn s]mcp-Øs - ∏-Sp∂n
-√. PohnXw, ac-Ww, ac-Wm-\-¥c PohnXw F∂n-h-bp-ambn \nc-¥cw Nn¥-sbbpw
_p≤n-sbbpw _‘n®p \n¿Øp∂ Hcp LS-I-amWv bYm¿Y- hnizm-kw. CXns‚
adp-hi- Ø- m-Wv Aev]a - m-{Xhpw £n{]-Xm¬]cy-ßƒ ap≥\n¿Øn-bp-≈X - p-amb Xm¬
°m-enI hnizm-k-ßƒ. BƒssZh-ßƒ bYm¿Y--Øn¬ Bizm-k-Zm-b-I¿ am-{X-am-
Wv, {]iv\] - c - n-lm-cI
- c- √ F∂ kXyw th≠{X Adn™pw AwKo-Ic - n®pw Xs∂bm
Wv ]ec-pw AØcw tI{μ-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏-Sp-∂-Xpw. Hc¿Y-Øn¬ GsXmcp
2006 sk-]v-‰w-_¿- 47
a\p-jy-ak-vXnjvI-Øn-ep-ap≈ kzbw km¥z-\-Øns‚ tijn-sb-°p-dn®v Hmtcm-cp-
Øcpw Nn¥n-°p-∂n√ F∂ kml-Ncyw BƒssZh-ßƒ _p≤n-]q¿h-w hn\n-tbm-
Kn-°p-∂p-≠v. a\p-jy-\nse kl-Phpw kzm`m-hn-I-hp-amb AXn-Po-h\ tijn-I-
sfbpw tNmX-\-I-sfbpw {]Xn-`mkh¬°-cn-°p∂ _p≤n-]-c-amb A¬]Øw Bƒ
ssZh-ßƒ D]-tbm-Kn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. ssZh-sØ, a\p-jys‚ Bizm-k-Zm-bI
i‡nsb icnbmwhn[w Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ Ign-bmsX hcp-∂-Xpw, AXns‚ XpS¿®-
bmbn D¬`-hn-°p∂ ktμ-l-ßfpw a\pjya\- n¬ cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ Aim¥nIƒ
hf¿∂p hnI-kn®v BƒssZh hnizm-k-Øn-\p≈ am\-k-n-I-amb ]›mØe-ambn
hf¿® t\Sp-∂p. BƒssZh-hn-izm-k-Øns‚ bYm¿Y- ]cn-lm-cw, kXy-k-‘-amb
ssZh hnizm-k-Øn-te°p a\p-jy-Nn-¥-Isf Xncn®p hnSpI F∂-Xm-Wv. sX‰n¬
\n∂pw icn-bn-te-°p≈ am¿K-Z¿i-\w, hnizm-k-Øns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ km[n-°-Wsa-
¶n¬ Xm¬°m-enI hnizm-k-ß-fp-sSbpw £n{]-kz-`m-h-ap≈ ]cn-lm-c-am¿K-ß-fp-
sSbpw ]ndsIt∏mIp∂ h¿Ø-am\ Ime-L-´-Øn¬ Xo{h-amb Bi-b-{]-t_m-[\w
Bh-iy-amWv- F∂mWv- Hcp-]‰w kmaqly Nn¥-I-cpsS A`n-{]m-b-sa-¶nepw, Bƒ
ssZh hnizm-k-Øn-s‚bpw hn{K-l-]q-P-bp-sSbpw \njv{]tbm-P-\-sØ-∏‰n A¬]-
sam∂p Nn¥n-°p-hm≥ Ah-kcw e`y-am-°n-s°m-Sp-°p-I-bmWv AXym-h-iy-ambn
sNtø-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. a\pjy Pohn-X-Øn¬ Bh-iy-
hnizm-k-Øns‚ IqSnbtXmXn-ep≈ hyh-km-b-h¬°-c-W-amWv BƒssZh amb bp‡hpw IWn-i-hp-
tI{μ-ß-fn¬ \S-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Cu {]h-W-X-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-L-S-I-ßƒ
N¿®-sN-ø-s∏-ń-ń-√ \mfn-Xp-h-sc. BƒssZh-ßfpw Ahsc Np‰n-∏‰n hnI-kn-®n-´p amb am¿K-Z¿i\w \¬ImsX
≈ hnizmk hyh-km-bhpw {]Xn-\n-[m\w sNøp∂ kmaqly {]Xn-`m-k-ßƒ D]-cn-πh im¥n-I-fn¬
C¥y-bn-se-°mƒ IqSp-Xe - mbn ]T\ hnt[-ba - m-°s- ∏-ń-´p-≈Xv Nne ]m›mXy cmjv Xf-®n´p Pohn-XsØ
{S-ß-fn-em-Wv. hnizm-k-Øns‚ im¥nbpw kam-[m-\hpw a\p-jy\v Bh-iy-am-Wv.
F∂m¬ A°m-cy-Øn¬ ]co-£W - m-flI - X- I- ƒt°m, bp‡n-b[ - n-jvTnX kao-]\ - ß lrkz-h¬°-cn-°p-I-bmWv
ƒt°m ]nd-sI-t∏m-Ip-hm≥ Xnc-°p-]n-Sn® Pohn-XØ - n-\n-Sb - n¬ ]ecpw {ian-°p-Itbm BXy-¥n-I-ambn Bƒ ssZh-
Nn¥n-°p-Itbm sNøm-dn-√. kXy-k‘ - hpw \oXn-bp-‡h - p-amb Bcm-be - p-Ifpw kzX- ß-fpw, hn{K-l-`-‡nbpw
{¥-amb ]T-\-ß-fp-sam-s°-bmWv hnizm-k-Øns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ ]co-£-Wm-fl-I-X
Iƒ F∂p hnti-jn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. ka-bhpw _p≤n-]-c-amb hnth-N\ tijn-bp sNøp-∂-Xv. hnizm-k-Øns‚
sS hn\n-a-bhpw Bh-iy-ambn hcp∂ H∂m-Wn-Xv. Pohn-XsØ Pohn-X-Øn¬\n∂v hyh-km-bnI hn\n-tbmKw
A\y-amb XrjvWI - ƒ°pw D]-t`m-Kß - ƒ°pw Bk-‡n-bpsS ]qc-Wß - ƒ°p-ambn BƒssZh-ßsf tI{μo-I-
\o°n-sh®h¿°n-S-bn¬ \n∂pw, ssZthm-∑pJ At\z-j-W-ßƒ°pw {Inbm-fl-I-
amb Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-ßƒ°pw kabw \o°n-sh-°m≥ Xb-m-dp-≈-h¿ Hgn®p a‰mcpw cn®v Hc¬]w IqSp-X-embn
hy‡-amb hnizmk \ne-]m-Sp-I-fn¬ FØn-t®-cp-∂n√ F∂p ImWmw. Pohn-XØn \S-°p-∂p≠v F∂Xp
s‚ XrjvWm Imep-jy-ßƒ°n-S-bn¬ \n∂pw PohnXØns‚ e£ysØ ap≥\n¿ hkvXp-X-am-{X-am-Wv.
Øn-bp≈ sshNm-cnI \o°-ßsf thdn´pImWp∂ Ah-t_m[w hnizm-k-Øns‚
Imcy-Øn-ep≈ \oXn-bp-‡-amb At\z-j-W-ß-fn¬ Bh-iy-am-Wv. bYm¿Y- ssZh
sØ Is≠-Øp-∂-Xn-\p≈ ka-bhpw kμ¿`-hpw Pohn-X-Øns‚ D]-cn-πh kpJß
ƒ Bkz-Zn-°p-∂X - n-embn hn\n-tbm-Kn-°p-Ib - pw, Pohn-XsØ AXns‚ e£y-tØmSv
ASp-Øp-sN-√msX XS-™p-\n¿Øp∂ Xc-Øn¬ hnizm-k-ßsf hgn-Xn-cn-®p-hn-SpI
bpw sNøp-∂-h¿°p am{Xsa BƒssZh `‡n-bp-sSbpw hnizm-k-Øn-s‚bpw ]nd-
sI-t∏m-Im-\pw AXn¬ Bizmkw Is≠-Øp-hm\pw km[n-°p-I-bp-≈q.
BƒssZh-ßƒ a\p-jy-ka - q-lØ - n\v F¥p \¬Ip∂p F∂ tNmZy-Øn-\v, Xm¬
°menI Bizm-k-ßfpw D]-cn-Xe im¥n-bpw, sI´p-]m-Sp-I-fn¬ ASn-™p-Iq-Sp∂
hy‡n-hn-kvar-Xn-bpsS kpJ-ßfpw F∂mWv DØcw e`n-°p-I. a{¥-hm-Zw, C{μ-
Pm-ew, I¨sI-´p-Iƒ, hio-Ic - W- X - {- ¥-ßƒ F∂n-hb - psS hnhn[ LS-Iß - sf ASn-
ÿm-\-am-°n-bmWv BƒssZh-ßƒ Ah-cpsS \ne-\n¬]n\v km[q-I-c-Whpw \oXo-
I-c-Whpw Is≠-Øm-dp-≈-Xv. hn{Kl `‡n-bn-epw, AXo-{μnbkn≤n hnizm-k-ßfn
epw ASn-™p-IqSnb A]-Iz-amb a\- p-Isf kzm[o-\n-°p-hm≥ ta¬]d™ LS-
I-ßƒ°p Ign-bp-∂p. t\cn-sbmcp km¥z-\w,- Hcp hm°v, Hcp kv]¿iw,- Hcp ]p©ncn,
Hcp-]t- Ziw F∂n-hs - Im-s≠ms° {]iv\ß - ƒ ]cn-lc - n-®X - mbn hniz-kn-°m≥ kzbw
\n¿_-‘n-°p∂ hy‡n a\- ns\ Iøn-se-Sp-°p-∂X - n-eq-sStbm BƒssZh-ßƒ°v
Xß-fpsS hnizmkn kaq-lsØ ]nSn®p\n¿Øp-hm≥ Ign-bm-dp-≠v. C°m-cy-Øn¬
2006 sk-]v-‰w-_¿- 48
BƒssZh-ß-fpsS bYm¿Y-I-gnhpw tijn-bp-a-√, Ah-cn¬ Btcm-]n-°-s∏-Sp∂ im¥nbpw kam-[m-\-hpw, ASn-ÿm-\-]-
AXn-`m-hp-I-Øhpw AXn-`m-h-\bpw \nd™ IY-Ifpw ]cn-th-j-ß-fp-amWv hnizm- c-amb Pohn-X{- ]-iv\ß - f
- p-ambn _‘-s∏-
kn-If - n¬ kzm[o\w sNep-Øp-∂Xv F∂p ImWmw. bmYm¿Y-yß - ƒ°-∏p-dØv anYy- Sp-∂-h-b-s√-¶n¬ t]mepw Ahsb ]¿h-
I-sf-bpw amb-I-sf-bpw D]-cn-π-h-L-S-ß-sfbpw B{i-bn-°p∂ at\m-`m-h-Øn-eqsS Xo-I-cn®p ImWn-°p-hm-\p≈ Hcp am\
Dcp-Øn-cn-™p-hc - p∂ AXn-hn-t[-bØw BƒssZ-hh - y-hk- m-bØ - n¬ Imcy-amb ]¶p n-Im-hÿ BƒssZh `‡-cn¬ cq]
hln-°p-∂p-≠v. amb-°m-gvN-Iƒ, A‘-amb hmtNm-tSm-]-ßƒ°p hg-ßn-bp≈ hn s∏-Sp-Øp-hm≥ Ah¿°p km[n-°m-dp-≠v.
ti-j-W-ßƒ F∂n-hbpw BƒssZh-hy-h-km-b-Øns‚ LS-I-ß-fm-Wv. a\p-jy≥ CXns‚ ê-am-bmWv BƒssZh-ßƒ
a\p-jy-\n¬ B{ibw Is≠-Øp∂ \nXy Pohn-X-Ønse kzm`m-hnI coXn-Iƒ Iq °p Np‰p-ambn cq]-s∏-Sp∂ henb Bƒ
Sn-bt- Xm-Xn¬ BƒssZ-ßƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p. a\p-jy-\n¬ Cuiz-cmwiw Is≠Øp- °q-´-ßƒ. Cu Bƒ°q´-Øns‚ Hcp
Ibpw a\p-jy-\nse ssNX-\y-[m-csb hnI-kn-∏n-®p-sIm≠v Cuiz-co-bX - b
- psS km[y- s]mXp kz`m-ha - mbn Kth-jI - \
- mb tPm
X-Iƒ ]co-£n-°p-Ibpw sNøm-sa∂p ]d-bp∂ XØ-z-im-kv{X-ß-fpsS ]n≥_-ehpw ¨ HmÃn≥ hnti-jn-∏n-®n-´p-≈Xv Ah¿
C°m-cy-Øn¬ e`y-am-Ip-∂p-≠v. a\p-jy-\∑ - b - n-ep≈ hnizm-ks - Ø-°mƒ D]cn I®h °v Imcy-amb {]iv\-ß-sfm∂pw D≠m-
S-Xm¬]-cy-ßf - n-ep≈ kzm¿YX-bmWv BƒssZh-hy-hk - m-bØ - ns‚ kz`mhw.- C¥y- bn-cn-°n√ F∂-XmWv. (7)
bnse Adn-bs - ∏-Sp∂ a\pjyssZh-ßs - fm-s°bpw ]e-Xcw Zu¿_-ey-ßƒ°p hnt[- hnizm-k-Øns‚ I®-hS km[y-X-
b-cm-Wv. Ah-cn¬ hfsc s]s´-∂p-Xs∂ I≠p-]n-Sn-°p-hm≥ Ign-bp∂ hn[-Øn¬ Iƒ Bhp-∂{X hn\n-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xn¬
am\p-jnI Zu¿_-ey-ßƒ anI-®p-\n¬°p-∂-Xp-Im-Wmw. Cu ]cn-an-Xn-Iƒ ]t£,- t£{Xm-[n-jvTn-Xa - mb hn{Kl `‡nbpw,
BƒssZh-ß-fpsS km[y-X-Isf {]Xn-tcm-[n-°-b-√,- h-f¿ØpI-bmWp sNøp-∂- BƒssZh-hn-izm-khpw Htc kz`m-h-
Xv. a\p-jy-ssh-Im-cn-IX - bpw AXo-{μnb hnizm-kß - fpw AXn-ù-XnI i‡n-bnep≈ amWp ]pe¿Øp-∂-Xv. a\pjy Pohn-X-
hnizm-khpw a\p-jy-\n¬ A¥¿eo-\-am-bn-°n-S-°p∂ Kp]vXtijn-Iƒ F∂ \ne- Øn¬ Bh-iy-amb bp‡hpw IWn-i-
bn¬ sX‰mbn {]N-cn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp∂ Imcy-ßfpw IqSn-°p-g™ Nne [mc-WIfpw hp-amb am¿K-Z¿i\w \¬ImsX D]-cn-
BƒssZh hnizm-k-Ønepw Bhn-izm-k-Øns‚ hymh-km-bn-I-amb hn\n-tbm-K- πh im¥n-I-fn¬ Xf-®n´p Pohn-XsØ
Ønepw B{i-bn®p hcp-∂p-≠v. C¥y-bnse an° BƒssZh-ß-fnepw IqSn-b-tXm- lrkz-h¬°-cn-°p-I-bmWv BXy-¥n-I-
Xn¬ ImWp∂ sshIm-cn-I-X-I-fpsS {Iam-Xo-X-amb {]I-S-tijn ]T-\-hn-t[-b-am°- ambn Bƒ ssZh-ß-fpw, hn{K-l-`-‡n
s∏´ Hcp hnj-b-am-Wv. a\p-j-y-hn-Im-c-ßsf AXoh Icp-X-temsS ssIImcyw bpw sNøp-∂-Xv. hnizm-k-Øns‚ hyh-
sNøp∂ a\x-im-kv{X-⁄≥am-sc-°mƒ s]mXpkaq-l-Øn¬ kzm[o\w t\Sp-∂Xv km-bnI hn\n-tbmKw BƒssZh-ßsf
a\p-jy-hn-Im-c-ßsf \n w-K-X-tbmsS ssIImcyw sNøp∂ BƒssZh-ß-fmWv tI{μo-I-cn®v Hc¬]w IqSp-X-embn \S-
F∂ sshcp-[y-Øn\v BƒssZh-ßs - f-°p-dn®p \S∂ ]T-\ß - f - n¬ \¬I-s∏´ hni- °p-∂p≠v F∂Xp hkvXp-X-am-{X-am-Wv.
Zo-I-c-W-ß-fn¬ H∂v, hnIm-c-Øns‚ Bƒ°q´ cq]-ßsf Xß-fp-tS-Xmb hnIm-c-˛- kqN-\-Iƒ:
hn-Nm-c-ßƒ°-\p-kr-X-ambn Iøn-se-Sp-°p-hm≥ BƒssZ-h-ßƒ°v km[n-°p∂p
1) knw_¬ Hm^v C¥y≥ s^bnXv k v .
F∂-Xm-W(5) v . kvt\lw, amXr-hm¬k-eyw, Icp-Wm-]q¿h-amb kv]¿i-Øns‚ km¥z- tUm. AarX Ip¬°¿Wn, _\m-dkn
\w, eLpkz`m-h-tØmSp IqSnb sF{μ-Pm-enI tijn F∂nhsbms°bpw Bƒ ]ªn- t °- j ≥kv , Ae- l - _ m- Z v , t]Pv
ssZh-ßƒ hfsc efn-X-amb X{¥-ßƒ F∂ \ne-bn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®p-h-cp-∂-h-bm- 139˛140, 1969
Wv. Ch-bn¬ GsX-¶nepw H∂v Hcp km[m-cW a\pjy\n¬\n∂v D≠m-I-p-tºmƒ 2) sS_nƒkv B‚ v C¥y≥ _neo-hvkv-˛-
hne-aX - n-°mØ a\- ns‚ DS-aI - ƒ ]t£, Hcp Bƒ°q-´Ø - ns‚ ap∂n¬ BƒssZh- X{¥ B‚ v AX¿ satØ-Uvkv. {]^.
ß-fn¬ \n∂v Ch-sbm-s°bpw {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ Ahbv°p kzta-[bm hg- lnc¨ Iiy]v i ¿Ω, kqcy- ] - ª n- t °-
ßp-I-bpw, hnt[-b-Øw ImWn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp-h-cp∂p F∂Xp {it≤-b-am-Wv.(6) j≥kv, Ae-lm-_m-Zv, 1970, t]Pv. 34
hnizmkw Hcp [nj-Wm-]-c-amb {]h¿Ø-\-am-sW∂v ]q¿W-amb A¿Y--Øn¬ 3) Iƒ®- d ¬ knw_¬kv Hm^v C¥y≥
]d-bm-hp-∂-X-s√-¶n-epw, [nj-W-bpsS ]n≥_ew bYm¿Y-hn-izmkw Is≠-Øp-∂- s^bvXvkv tUm. kpan{Xm _lm≥, t]Pv.
Xn¬ Bh-iy-ambn hcp-∂p-≠v. h¿K-mfl - I - a- mb {]h¿Ø-\ß - ƒt]mse `mh-\b - psS- 69-˛70, kucmjv{S Iƒ®-d¬ skmssk‰n,
I¬°-Ø, 1989
bpw, am\-k-n-I-amb Im¬]-\nI tijn-bp-sSbpw ]n≥_-e-tØmsS hnizm-ksØ
\n¿W-bw sNøp-tºmƒ {]iv\-ßƒ kzm`m-hn-I-am-Wv. bp‡n-`-{Z-X, bmYm¿Y-y-t_m- 4) knw_¬kv Hm^v C¥y≥ s^bnXvkv.
t]Pv 203
[w, hkvXp-\n-jvT-X, Imcy-£-aX F∂nh Hgn®p\n¿Ønbp≈ hnizm-k-Øns‚
Im¬]\nI LS-\b - mWv bYm¿Y-Øn¬ BƒssZh `‡n-bn-eq-sS- e-`y-am-bn-Øocp∂- 5) B≥jy‚ v satØUv Hm^v C¥y≥
Xv.- bYm¿∞ hnizm-khpw th¿Xn-cn-bp-∂-Xv. Im¬]-\n-I-amb hnizm-k-sØ-bpw, sh¿jn-∏-kv, tUm. cmwtam-l≥ NXp¿th
Zn, _\m-dkn ]ªn-t°-j≥kv, Ae-l
AXns‚ _men-i-amb LS-I-ß-sfbpw X{¥-]q¿Δw I®-hSw sNøp∂XmWv
_m-Zv, t]Pv. 29-˛30-˛31
BƒssZh hyh-km-bØ - ns‚ e£-Ww. a\pjy bmYm¿∞y-ßt- fm-S√ `mh-\I - tfm
6) Z C¥y≥ tKmUvkv-˛-lp-a≥ _obnwKvkv
Spw anYy-I-tfm-Sp-amWv BƒssZh-ßƒ kwh-Zn-°p-∂-Xv. Pohn-X-Øn¬ Xm≥ A\p-
B‚ v Ctam-jW
- ¬ C^vIvSvkv, B¬hn≥
`-hn-°p∂ {]iv\ß - ƒ°v BXy-¥nI ]cn-lmcw \¬In-bXv Hcp BƒssZ-ha - m-sW∂v hn¬^v d Uv B‚ v tamdnkv t_mWn,
Hcp `‡≥ ]d-bp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ AXns‚ Xm¬]-cyw, B {]iv\w ]cn-l-cn-°-s∏´p slcn-t‰Pv ]ªn-t°-j≥kv, e≠≥. 1999
F∂-√. A{]-iv\-sØbpw AXns‚ ]cn-lm-c-sØbpw Ah-K-Wn-°m-hp∂ am\-kn- 7) C¥y- ˛ - e m‚ v Hm^v lypa≥ tKmUv k v
Im-hÿ hniz-kn-bn¬ cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm≥ Bƒ ssZh-Øn\p Ign™p F∂p-am- tPm¨ HmÃn≥, CuÃv-˛-shÃv{] v, e≠
{X-am-Wv. Pohn-X-Øns‚ D]-cn-πh {]iv\-ß-fn¬ Xm¬°m-en-I-ambn e`y-am-Ip∂ ≥, 2002, t]Pv 60-˛61.
2006 sk-]v-‰w-_¿- 49
Xn-cp-sam-gn-
acWØn-\p- ti-jw...?
A_q-- A-ao≥-
""G-sXm-cp- tZ-lh
- pw- a-cW
- w- B-kz-Zn-°p-I- X-s∂- sN-øpw-.- \n-ßf- p-sS- {]-Xn-ê - ßƒ-
D-bn¿-sØ-gp-t∂¬-]n-s≥-d- \m-fn¬- am-{X-sa- \n-ßƒ-°p- ] - q¿-Wa- m-bn- \¬-Is- ∏-Sp-Ibp-
≈q.- A-t∏mƒ- B¿- \-cI - Ø- n- ¬-\n-∂v- A-I‰- n- \
- n¿-Øs- ∏-Sp-Ib
- pw kz¿-KØ - n¬- {]-thin-
∏n-°-s∏-Sp-I-bpw- sN-øp-∂p-thm- A-h-\m-Wv- hn-P-bw- t\-Sp-∂-Xv.- sF-ln-I-Po-hn-Xw-
I-_-fn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂- H-cp- hn-`-h-a-√ms-X- a-s‰m-∂p-a-√''-˛hnip-≤- Jp¿-B≥- 3:-185
a\p-jy-cpsS I¿a-ßƒ hyXy-kvXa - m- km[n-°ptam? tem-I-sØ)\nßƒ kq£n-°pI'' (2:

Wv. Xe-ap-d-Iƒ \o≠p\n¬°p∂ \ ∑- F√m-h-scbpw ]n-Sn-Iq-Sp-I-bpw- tImS- 123,48).-
Iƒ°v t\XrXzw hln-®h - c
- p≠v a\p-jy- Xn-bn¬ lmP-cm°p-I-bpw- hn-Nm-c-W- sN- "A- ß s\ H∂p- ≠ m- b n- c p- s ∂- ¶ n¬
cpsS Iq´-Øn¬.- Ah-cpsS acW ti bvX
- v- in-£- hn-[n-°p-Ib
- pw- sN-bX
v- p- F∂p- \∂m-bn-cp∂p' F∂v \nco-izc \n¿a-X-
jhpw Ah-cn-eqsS \msº-SpØ \∑ ]S Xs∂ k¶¬]n-°p-I. F∂mepw \qdp- hm-Zn-I-fpsShsc a\ p-t]m-epw- sImXn-
¿∂p- ]-¥e - n®v hnf \¬Ip∂Xmbn \mw t]sc sIm∂-bmƒ°pw ]Øp-t]sc sIm °p-∂p-s≠-∂-Xn\v Ah-cpsS Xs∂ hm
ImWp-∂p. \nc-h[nt]cpsS Ccpƒap‰n ∂-bmƒ°pw Hcmsf sIm∂-bmƒ°pw °p-Iƒ km£n-bm-Wv. "]t£, C√s√m'
b Pohn-X-Øn\v {]Xo-£-bpsS {]Im ùXnI temIsØ GXv \ymbm-[n-]\pw F∂ \ncm-i-bn-emWv Ah¿ FØn-t®-
iw \nd™ Nnd-Ip-Iƒ kΩm-\n®v k Hcn-°¬ am{Xsa h[-in£ \¬Im≥ cp-∂-Xv. C√ F∂p- ]d-bm≥ F¥p \ym
t¥m-j-tØmsS Pohn-°m≥ {]m]vX-am- km[n-°q. AtXm-sSm∏w Ah-cpsSsbm b-am-Wp-≈Xv? a\p-jy\v th≠ F√mw
°n-b-h¿... \nXy-bm-X-\-I-f-\p-`-hn®p s° B{in-X¿°v kw`-hn® \jvS-ßƒ Ah≥ Bh-iy-s∏-SmsX Xs∂ ChnsS
sIm≠n-cp∂ A\-h[n amdm-tcm-Kn-Iƒ BcmWv IW-°m-°pI? Hcp-°nb krjvSn-\m-Y≥ a\pjyPohn-X-
°v Bizm-k-Øn-\mbn ]T\ Kth-j-W- F∂m¬ a\p-jy-cpsS a\- -dn-bp∂,- Øn\v e£yhpw A¿Yhpw \¬Ip∂ \o
ß- f n- e qsS acp- ∂ p- I - s ≠- Ø n- b - h ¿... Ah-cpsS {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS Bghpw Xn-bpsS thZn kwhn-[-m-\n-°msX hrYm-
A\y-cp-sS- Poh≥ c£n-°p-∂-Xn-\n-S-bn hym]vXnbpw IrXy-am-b-dn-bp∂ \oXn- hn-em°n F∂p ]d-bm≥ \oXnt_m[-
¬ kz¥w Poh≥ _en-I-gn-t°-≠n-h-∂- am\pw Icp-Wm-hm-cn-[n-bp-amb A√mlp ap≈h¿°v km[n-°p-I-bn-√.
h¿.... Cßs\ F{Xtbm \∑-I-fpsS {] I¿a-ßƒ°v IrXy-ambn {]Xn-êw \¬ ""A-t∏mƒ- \mw- \n-ß-sf- hr-Ym- kr-
Xo-I-ßƒ...! Ah¿s°ms° Ah-cpsS Ip∂ Hcp thZn kwhn-[m-\n®n-´p-≠v. hn jvS- n-®X - m-sW-∂pw- \-Ωp-sS- A-Sp-°t- e-°v-
{]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS IrXy-amb {]Xn- ip-≤-Jp¿B≥ ""\nß-fpsS {]Xn-^-e-ß \n-ßƒ- a-S-°-s∏-Sp-I-bn-s√-∂pw- \n-ßƒ-
êw \¬Im≥ \ap°v km[n-°p-∂n-√. ƒ D-bn-¿sØ-gp-t∂¬]-ns‚ \mf-n¬ am{X I-W-Im-°n-bn-cn-°-bm-tWm?''-(23:115).-
Ah-bpsS Bghpw tXmXpw IW-°m- sa \nßƒ°v ]q¿W-ambn \¬I-s∏-Sp- AXns‚ kw`-hy-Xb - n¬ kwi-bn-°p-
°p-∂n-SØv t]mepw a\p-jy¿ Ai‡-- I-bp≈q'' (3:185) F∂p- ]d-™Xv AXn ∂Xpw ip≤ Akw-_-‘-am-Wv. aÆpw
cm-Wv. s\ kw_-‘n-®m-Wv. AhnsS ùXnI AÿniI-e-ß-fp-am-b-Xn\v tijw F
CXns‚ adp-h-itam?-\nc-h[n kv temI-tØ-Xp-t]m-ep≈ A\¿l-amb bm ß-s\-bmWv Hcp ]p\-cp-ÿm\w F∂m
{XoIsf- hn[-h-I-fm-°n-b, A\-h[n Ip sXmcp CS-s]-S-ep-Ifpw D≠m-hn-√. Wv Ah¿ tNmZn-°p-∂-Xv. Jp¿B≥ A
™p-ßsf A\m-Y-c-m-°n-b, At\Iw ""Hcmƒ°pw as‰m-cmƒ°p-th≠n Hcp- Xn\p \¬Ip∂ adp-]Sn ImWp-I:- ""]-d-
IpSpw-_-ßsf \ncm-ew-_-cm-°nb F{X ]-Im-chpw sNøm≥ ]‰mØ, Hcm-fn¬ bp-I:- - B-Zy-Xh - W
- - A-hs - b- D-≠m-°n-bh-
tbm {Iqc IrXy-ßƒ Cu `qan-bn¬ Ac- \n∂pw Hcp- {]mb›nØhpw kzoI-cn-°- \m-tcm- A-h≥-X-s∂- A-h-bv-°v- Po-h≥-
tß-dn. ss]im-Nn-I-X-bpsS aq¿Øcq]- s∏-Sm-Ø, Hcmƒ°pw Hcp ip]m¿ibpw \¬-Ip-∂X - m-Wv.- A-h≥- F-√m-Xc - w- krjv-
ß-fmb AØcw A{I-an-Isf ]nSn-IqSn {]tbm-P\ - s
- ∏-Sm-Ø, B¿°pw Hcp klm- Sn- ∏ n- s \- ∏ - ‰ n- b pw- A- d n- h p- ≈ - h - \ - s {X''-
A¿l-amb in£ \¬Im≥ a\p-jy\v bhpw e`n-°mØ Hcp Znh-ksØ (]-c- (36:79).-
2006 sk-]v-‰w-_¿- 50

Pm-Xn,-h¿-Wt'-Z-Øn-s - D - A-Sn-th-cp-Iƒ - tX-Sp-tºmƒ

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]p-kv-X-I-w- aq-∂-v / e-°w- aq-∂v- / 2006 sk-]v-‰w-_¿- -/1427 i-Av-_-m≥-

Internet Edition: http://www.nicheoftruth.org/samvadam

Ckvemanse tam£w F∂v hy‡-am-°s - ∏-Sp-Ib

Pm-Xn,- h¿-W-hy-h-kv-Y- ln-μp-a-X-Øn-s≥-d- `m-Kw- X-s∂-bm-Wv- F-∂Xv- H-cp- h-kv-Xp-X-bm-Wv.- C-¥y-bp-sS-

h¿-Ww- t\m-°n-bm-Wv- Ip-‰ß - f- p-sS- Im-Tn-\yw- \n¿-Wb - n-t°-≠X - v- F-∂m- W- v- a-\p-kvar- X

Ip-Ø-I-bm-bn-Øo¿-∂p.- tI-c-f-Øn¬- P- 12˛mw- Xo-b-Xn- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿- a-lm-cm- W-am-b- hn-th-N\ - Ø

H-cp- {]-tXy-I- Pm-Xn-bn-tem- h¿-W-Øn-tem- P-\n-°p-∂-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv- Pm-Xn-bpw- h¿-W-hpw- kv-Yo-co-I-cn-°-

Ww- Cu- a-X] - c

P-hm-Zv.-sI- N-cn-{Xhpw- ]-T-\-ß-fpw- \¬-Ip-∂-Xv.- ]-g

C-Xn¬-\n-∂v- a-\ - n-em-°m≥- I-gn-bp-∂X - v- ]u-tem-kv- h-cp-∂X - n-\v- ap-ºp-Xs- ∂- {Inkv-

a-\p-jy¿- ssZ-h-\n-th-in-X-am-bn- Fgp-Xn-b-Xv- F-∂- A¿-Y-Øn-em-Wv- A-h-bp-sS-

a-Øm-bn-,- am¿-t°m-kv,- eq-t°m-kv,- tbm-l-∂m≥- Xp-S-ßn-b-h-cp-sS- t]-cp-I-fn¬-

C-t∏mƒ- {]-Nm-cØ - n-ep-≈- kp-hn-ti-jß - f- p-sS- G-‰h

ap-ke v- nw-Iƒ- tem-IØ

a-\p-jy-cn¬-\n-∂v- G-Xm-\pw- t]-sc- sX-cs- ™-Sp-Øv- ssZ-hw- A-hs- ‚- h-N\ - ß

ap-l-Ω-Zv-\-_n-()-bp-sS- B-K-a-\-sØ-°p-dn-®v- ]-d-bp-∂p- F-∂-Xv- _¿-W-_m-kv-

blvb Ac-o-t°mSv ]Ømw-¢mkv ]co£ Ign™Xn\p- sNdp-∏Ø - n¬ Fs‚ Hcp t]Sn-kz-]v\-

? z Jp¿-B≥ kq‡-ßƒ ssewKnI Acm-P-I-Xz-Øn-te°v

hfsc kpXm-cyhpw hy‡-hp-am-b-n-t°≠ Imcy-amWv hnizm-k-hpw AXns‚

a\p-jy-cpsS I¿a-ßƒ hyXy-kvXa - m- km[n-°ptam? tem-I-sØ)\nßƒ kq£n-°pI'' (2:

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