BAHIR DAR UNIVERSITY

BAHIR DAR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY(BiT)

Faculty of Mechanical And Industrial Engineering(FMIE)
Internship Report and project
Project Title:- Design of Leaf Jig
Hosting Company:-Amhara Metal Industry And Machine
Technology Development Enterprise(AMIMTDE)

Prepared By:
Elias Agimas------------------------------------0800687

Habtamu Birhanie------------------------------0800851

Habtamu Dagnew-------------------------------0805631

Mentor:- Mr. Abdulhakim S.

Company Supervisor:-Mr. Solomon

July 2019 G.C

BiT Internship Report And Project 2011 E.C

Declaration
We want to declare that the internship practice has been done from March , 2019 to July ,
2019 at Amhara Metal Industry and Machine Technology Development
Enterprise(AMIMTDE) with the guidance of our mentor Mr. Abdulhakim S who is
instructor in School of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Mechanical Engineering
program in Bahir Dar Institute of Technology and Solomon our company advisor.
We also declare that this project work entitled “Design of leaf jig” is our own original
work except as cited in the references.
Name of student ID Signature Date
Elias Agmas 0800687 ____________ _____________
Habtamu Birhanie 0800851 ____________ _____________
Habtamu Dagnew 0805631 _____________ _____________

This project has been submitted for examiner with our advisor‟s approval.
Abdulhakim S. ____________ ____________
Name Signature Date

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Acknowledgement
Above all, we would like to thank the almighty God for every opportunity we are given in life
through its endless mercy, strength and wisdom in every steps of our life and for giving us the
courage to complete this report and project.
Next, we would like to extend our thanks to our advisor Mr. Abdulhakim S for his advice
and valuable comments.
We would also like to express our grateful gratitude for workers of AMIMTDE for sharing
their knowledge by sacrificing their time and allowing us to work in their workshops with
great support in each our day to day activity by a good respect and appreciation.
We also would like to express our gratitude to the Faculty of Mechanical and Industrial
Engineering and Bahir Dar Institute of Technology, for providing such kind of opportunity
for student to apply their understanding on how a given work is carried out on their respective
field of studies.

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Executive summary
This internship report and project contains four main chapters with sub topics. The first
chapter is about the background of Amhara metal industry and machine technology
development enterprise with its brief history, main products and services, the main customers,
organizational structure, work flow and its vision and mission. The second chapter represents
over all internship experience which touches in detail about section of the company we had
been worked, work tasks we have been executed, Engineering methods, tools and techniques
we had been used, the challenges that have been faced and the proposed solution. The third
chapter consists of overall benefit we gained from the internship program in terms of
upgrading and improving several skills and knowledge. This chapter expresses also overall
conclusion and recommendation about internship period. The fourth chapter consists of
project work called leaf drill jig, which can solve one of the problem that we have seen in the
company and we design this tool accordingly to the requirement of the company. Finally
general conclusion, recommendation and references are presented.

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Table of Contents
Declaration .................................................................................................................................. i
Acknowledgement .....................................................................................................................ii
Executive summary.................................................................................................................. iii
List of figures ............................................................................................................................ vi
List of tables ........................................................................................................................... viii
1. Background Of The Company ............................................................................................... 1
1.1 History of the Company ................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Main products or services................................................................................................. 3
1.3 Main customers or end users of its products or services .................................................. 4
1.4 Organizational structure ................................................................................................... 5
1.5 work flow of the company................................................................................................ 6
2. Overall Internship Experience ............................................................................................... 7
2.1 Section of the company .................................................................................................... 7
2.2 work tasks executed.......................................................................................................... 9
2.3 Engineering methods, tools and techniques ................................................................... 10
2.4 Major challenges and problems ...................................................................................... 15
2.5 Measures taken ............................................................................................................... 15
3. Overall Benefit Gained From The Internship Program ....................................................... 16
3.1 In terms of improving our practical skills. ..................................................................... 16
3.2 In terms of upgrading our theoretical knowledge. ......................................................... 16
3.3 In terms of improving our team playing skills. .............................................................. 16
3.4 In terms of improving our leadership skills.................................................................... 16
3.5 In terms of understanding about work ethics, industrial psychology and related issues. ..... 17
3.6 In terms of entrepreneurship skills. ................................................................................ 17
3.7 In terms of improving our interpersonal communication skills. .................................... 17
3.8 Recommendation and Conclusion .................................................................................. 18
Conclusion .............................................................................................................................. 18
Recommendation.................................................................................................................... 18
4. Design Of Leaf Jig ............................................................................................................... 19
4.1 Summary ........................................................................................................................ 19
4.2 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 19
4.3 Problem statement and justification ............................................................................... 23

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4.4 Objectives ....................................................................................................................... 25

4.4.1 Main objective ......................................................................................................... 25
4.4.2 Specific objectives ................................................................................................... 25
4.5 Methodology .................................................................................................................. 26
4.6 Analysis, Results and Discussion ................................................................................... 29
4.6.1 Design Analysis ....................................................................................................... 29
4.6.2 Results ...................................................................................................................... 36
4.6.3 Discussion ................................................................................................................ 37
4.7 Proposed solution ........................................................................................................... 37
4.8 Conclusion and Recommendation .................................................................................. 38
5. General Conclusion And Recommendation ......................................................................... 39
General Conclusion .................................................................................................................. 39
Recommendation ..................................................................................................................... 39
References ................................................................................................................................ 40
Appendices ............................................................................................................................... 41

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List of figures
Fig 1. 1 Organizational structure. .............................................................................................. 5
Fig 1. 2 Work flow of the company. .......................................................................................... 6
Fig 2. 1 Machine shop…………………………………………………………..……………..8
Fig 2. 2 Metals workshop........................................................................................................... 8
Fig 2. 3 Bench Vice assembly.................................................................................................... 9
Fig 2.4 Hand screen. ................................................................................................................ 10
Fig 2.5 Chipping hammer. ....................................................................................................... 10
Fig 2.6 Wire brush. .................................................................................................................. 10
Fig 2.7 Flexible steel rule......................................................................................................... 11
Fig 2.8 Wrench......................................................................................................................... 11
Fig 2. 9 (a) Tap, (b) Die ........................................................................................................... 11
Fig 2. 10 C-clamp .................................................................................................................... 11
Fig 2. 11 (a) Drill bit (b)milling cutter ..................................................................................... 12
Fig 2. 12 Vernier caliper .......................................................................................................... 12
Fig 2. 13 Lathe machine........................................................................................................... 12
Fig 2. 14 (a) milling machine, (b) Drilling machine ................................................................ 13
Fig 2. 15 Shaper machine......................................................................................................... 13
Fig 2. 16 Gas metal arc welding machine (GMAW). .............................................................. 14
Fig 2. 17 Shearing machine ..................................................................................................... 14
Fig 2. 18 CNC Gas cutter machine. ......................................................................................... 15
Fig 4. 1 Basic elements of a jig……………………………...……………………………….22
Fig 4. 2 Perline plate (work piece). .......................................................................................... 24
Fig 4. 3 Drilling operation without use of Jig. ......................................................................... 24
Fig 4. 5 solid work result of bushing ....................................................................................... 29
Fig 4. 7 solid work result of pressure pad ................................................................................ 30
Fig 4. 9 solid work result of screw ........................................................................................... 31
Fig 4. 11 solid work result of pin locator ................................................................................. 31
Fig 4. 12 Solid work result of the jig body .............................................................................. 33

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Fig 4. 13 Solid work result of the leaf. .................................................................................... 33

Fig 4. 16 Solid work result of eye bolt..................................................................................... 34
Fig 4. 15 Solid work result of wing nut ................................................................................... 34
Fig 4. 17 Solid work result of assembly drawing (a)closed (b)open ....................................... 34

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List of tables
Table 4.1 Requirements ........................................................................................................... 26
Table 4.2 Overall information about the design. ..................................................................... 27
Table 4. 3 Bushing. .................................................................................................................. 29
Table 4. 4 Floating pressure pad. ............................................................................................. 30
Table 4. 5 Screws for floating pressure pads. .......................................................................... 30
Table 4. 6 Standard geometry of round pin locator. ................................................................ 31
Table 4. 7 (a)Eye bolt (b)Wing nut .......................................................................................... 33
Table 4. 8 Results of the designed Jig...................................................................................... 36

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1. Background Of The Company

1.1 History of the Company

Amhara Metal Industry and Machine Technology Development Enterprise(AMIMTDE)
was established according to proclamation number 127/2007 E.C to meet the gap of
technology requirement among Manufacturing Industry, Agriculture Sector, Micro and Small
enterprise in terms of product and service. Currently the Enterprise is starting to manufacture
different types of technological products by the two existed well organized workshops found
at Bahir Dar and Kombolcha city (Amhara region). The enterprise is hereby established as an
autonomous regional government enterprise having its own legal personality and has its
capacity to bring technological transfer as well as increasing production and productivity in
the region in particular and National carry out production and commercialization of metal and
machine technologies through solving the demand, supply and utilization obstruction seen in
the manufacturing industry and agricultural sectors in the region.
The company established in 1985 by the name of Bahir Dar Rural Technology Promotion
center with the aim of multiplying of and popularizing agricultural implements, rural industry
development and rural energy development team. But after 1996, after the center has been
reorganized with the objective of supporting the sustainability of the agricultural
development in the region through design, testing and promoting agricultural implements.
During this time it was rearranged in prototype, design studies, production and maintenance
team. Finally in 1999 the name of the center changed to Bahir Dar Agriculture mechanization
and Food Science research center (BAM & FSRC) and started to conduct research on
generating/selecting, developing, adopting and it promotes appropriate agricultural, and
mechanization technologies at the regional level.
BAM & FSRC undertakes problem oriented, agro-ecology research on pre-harvest and
irrigation technologies, post-harvest handling and processing technologies and alternative
energy technologies for developments, testing and popularization of need based farm
implement and machinery to increase productivity of land labor through timelines of
operations efficient use of inputs, improvements in quality of product, safety and comfort of
farmers as well as reduce drudgery.

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Vision
To became one of the top 10 technology suppliers in Africa by the year 2017 E.C.

Mission
Developing globally competitive technologies and manufacturing industries that are capable
of solving the bottlenecks in agricultural and industrial sector and ensuring sustainable
growth by developing, manufacturing, commercializing and importing metal and machine
technologies.

Values of the enterprise

1. We are passionate about our customer.
2. Our employees are bases of our success.
3. We are committed to deliver exceptional values.
4. Profitability is the core of our business.
5. We build thrust and act with honesty.
6. We believe in working together as team and as partner.
7. We never stop learning and growing.
8. We care about the environment.

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1.2 Main products or services

AMIMTDE was established to meet the gap of technology requirement among
manufacturing industry, agriculture sector, micro and small enterprise in terms of product and
service. Currently produce different products based on reverse engineering technics. So as
developing country this is appreciated to produce different spare parts and machine
components. Currently main products of the company are:
I. Agricultural equipment‟s
-Thresher
-Sheller
-Milking equipment
-Harvesting technology
II. General equipment‟s
- Shed construction for large store/reservoir
- Car parking and shade
III. Food processing equipment‟s
IV. Transportation equipment‟s
- Screw type lift table truck without hydraulic pump

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1.3 Main customers or end users of its products or services

-Amhara regional state offices.
-Universities and other research institutes.
-Rural societies for agricultural products.
-Factories.
-Hospitals.
-The community.

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1.4 Organizational structure

Board of Director

General Manager
Audit services
Law service
Planning, ICT and law service

Deputy Manager Deputy Manager Deputy Manager

Purchase procurement, Labor Technology Quality control Marketing Product General

Finance and property development and development and assessment process and scale specific workshop
management management marketing factory

Purchasing coordinator Agricultural technology design

Market advertisement
coordinator
Finance coordinator development coordinator

Industry technology design

Property management Product sale coordinator
coordinator
coordinator

Socio-economic research
Industry raw material
coordinator
supply purchase
coordinator
Marketing coordinator

Assembling and fitting coordinator

Metal production and machining coordinator

Installation and maintenance coordinator

Electrical and electronics coordinator

Forging heat treatment and electroplating coordinator

Fig 1. 1 Organizational structure.

Foundry and wood work coordinator

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1.5 work flow of the company

Problem identification Value explanation Technology selection

Prototype testing Prototype manufacturing Design preparation

Marketing explanation Patent permission Cost estimation

Giving training Sale plan preparation Market advertisement

Product promising Product plan preparation Manufacturing

Evaluation Sale Quality control

Fig 1. 2 Work flow of the company.

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2. Overall Internship Experience

2.1 Section of the company

In AMIMTDE there are total of five sections (shops). These are:
-Welding shop
-Machine shop
-Metal shop
-Assembly shop
-Wood shop
We had access to work on all sections but we were deeply working in welding shop,
machine shop and metal shop. It is because of the program arranged by the company advisor.
Welding shop
Welding is a materials joining process in which two or more parts are coalesced at their
contacting surfaces by a suitable application of heat and/or pressure.
In this shop there are two types of welding processes, these are:
-Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW), and
-Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW)
Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW)
It is an arc welding process in which heat for welding is produced through an electric arc set
up between a flux coated electrode and the workpiece.
Gas Metal ARC Welding (GMAW)
Metal inert gas arc welding (MIG) or more appropriately called as gas metal arc welding
(GMAW) is an arc welding process in which the electrode is a consumable continuous bare
metal wire, and shielding is accomplished by flooding the arc.

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Machine shop
It is one of the workshop in which machining operations are performed like cutting, turning,
drilling, facing, milling, shaping e t c

Fig 2. 1 Machine shop.

Metals workshop
It is one of the workshop in which shearing, bending and beading operations are performed.

Fig 2. 2 Metals workshop.

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2.2 work tasks executed

Before starting our workshop tasks, the company gave us courses on design software.
Among design software‟s, we had taken all features of solid works 2015.
The tasks in solid works are:-Part (a 3D representation of a single design component),
Assembly (a 3D arrangement of parts and/or other assemblies) and Drawing (a 2D
engineering drawing, typical part or assembly).
Finally, based on the knowledge we got from the training, we created all components of
Bench vice assembly and then we assembled them as shown in the figure below.

Fig 2. 3 Bench Vice assembly.

After completing the software training we had gone to workshops to practice our theoretical
knowledge.
In welding shop we practiced the two types of welding processes i.e., SMAW & GMAW.
Fortunately at the time the workshop staffs were manufacturing (welding) huge I-beams
which used to build new foundry shop. So we got a good chance to practice our theoretical
knowledge about the two types of welding‟s.
In Machine shop, we got a good opportunity to see different machines operating to do
different products.
The main tasks we performed in this shop are:
- Drilling various size plates, -Cutting long shafts
-Gear cutting milling operation -Threading
-Facing and Turning shafts.
In Metal workshop, we performed different sheet metal working processes such as bending,
shearing and piercing.

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2.3 Engineering methods, tools and techniques

We had been used the following engineering techniques while performing our work tasks:
-Data gathering and statistical manipulation.
-Motion study and work design.
-planning and
-Work implementation.
As AMIMTDE use reverse engineering, we also have been used this method to perform our
work task.
We had been used different tools to perform our tasks in each shop. The following are some
of tools:
In welding shop
Hand screen: - used for protection of eyes and supervision of weld bead.

Fig 2.4 Hand screen.[5]

Chipping hammer: - is used to remove the slag by striking.

Fig 2.5 Chipping hammer. [5]

Wire brush: - is used to clean the surface to be weld.

Fig 2.6 Wire brush. [5]

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Flexible steel rule:- used to mark, measure the length, widths and thicknesses of metal part.

Fig 2.7 Flexible steel rule. [5]

In machine shop
Wrench:- It is used to turn nuts and bolts.

Fig 2.8 Wrench

Tap and Die:- Used to make internal and external threads, respectively.

(a) [5]

(b)
Fig 2. 9 (a) Tap, (b) Die

C-clamp:- used to clamp(grip) the job with the table.

Fig 2. 10 C-clamp

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Cutting tools:- are used to mechanically cut the material to achieve the desired geometry.

(a) (b)
Fig 2. 11 (a) Drill bit (b)milling cutter[5]

Vernier Calipers:- are precision measuring instruments used to make internal, external and
depth measurements.

Fig 2. 12 Vernier caliper[5]

Power Tools
Lathe machine: - It is one of the most versatile and widely used machine tool which is used to
give the materials required shape and size.

Fig 2. 13 Lathe machine

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Milling machine: - is a machine tool that removes metal as the work is fed against a rotating
multipoint cutter.

(a) (b)
Fig 2. 14 (a) milling machine, (b) Drilling machine[5]

Drilling machine: - Drill is a common tool widely for making holes in a metal piece in
machine shop.
Shaper machine: - is a reciprocating type of machine tool in which the ram moves the cutting
tool backwards and forwards in a straight line.

Fig 2. 15 Shaper machine. [5]

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Welding machine (GMAW): -is a machine in which the electrode is a consumable continuous
bare metal wire, and shielding is accomplished by flooding the arc.

Fig 2. 16 Gas metal arc welding machine (GMAW).

Shearing machine: -It is used to cut sheet metals by shearing action.

Fig 2. 17 Shearing machine

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CNC Gas cutter machine:- used to cut metals accurately with required shape and size.

Fig 2. 18 CNC Gas cutter machine.

2.4 Major challenges and problems

Behind every work tasks, there was/were obstacles or challenges. Among the challenges we
have been faced, some of them were;
-Shortage of safety materials.
-Shortage of tools and equipment‟s
-Most machines are old and not functional, especially in metals workshop.
-There is shortage of organized data about products to be done.
-There was no organized schedule of machine maintenance activity.

2.5 Measures taken

For the problems we faced, we took the following as a solution;
-We used our own gown and we share the hand screen, gloves and others.
-We tried to fill the gap (shortage) by sharing tools and equipment‟s.
-We tried to do tasks with other relatively similar available machines.
-We asked them to give us necessary data‟s.
-We recommended them to have an organized schedule of machine maintenance activity.

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3. Overall Benefit Gained From The Internship Program

3.1 In terms of improving our practical skills.

In our internship period the most beneficiary thing is that upgrading of practical knowledge
that we learned theoretically in the class. Most of the courses that we had learned
theoretically are highly applicable in what we have been working, and so we have got a
chance to relate the theory with practical knowledge. We almost saw the practical aspects of
the courses and their application in real work.
We got a chance to: -Weld with different machines from various welding positions.
-Operate different machines with full confidence.
-Introduce new machineries.

3.2 In terms of upgrading our theoretical knowledge.

Even if we have learnt most lessons in the class, this internship program gave us the
opportunity to strengthen it.
It enabled us to: -Get knowledge of design and modeling of machines and parts.
-Know about different manufacturing systems.
-Know the function of machines for what purpose we have to use.
-Understand different machine devices working principle and mechanism.
-Make clear those complex ideas that we have learned earlier.

3.3 In terms of improving our team playing skills.

Team work helped us to : - Generate different ideas which can solve various problems.
- Strengthen our communication skill.
- Understand others in a respectful and supportive manner.
- Compromise each other‟s mistakes.
- Share information freely.

3.4 In terms of improving our leadership skills.

As we understand, Leadership is a process of leading the careers of the company. Problems
in the company come in all size, and color in different period of time. Thus, a person who is

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in the position of leadership seeks optimal solution to problems and should be smart enough
to manage those individuals whom he/she is leading.
What we gained from this internship program is that the ability to:
-Encourage and motivate workers to do their work tasks.
-Identify problems and focus on searching its solution.
-Be willing to admit and learn from failures and weaknesses.
-Communicate with all workers freely.

3.5 In terms of understanding about work ethics, industrial psychology and

related issues.
At present, ethical conduct of workers is very important for the development of healthy
working environment and productivity. Ethical work conduct enables to possess appropriate
behaviors in the work and so we practiced the following:
- Commitment for work. -Accountability
-Punctuality -Office discipline.
-Respecting others -Honesty

3.6 In terms of entrepreneurship skills.

- The internship program had shown us the demand gap between the company and end
users. So it indicated us as we have a good opportunity of creativity to fulfill the
demand of customers/end users.

- We realized that problem solving is one of the starting points of entrepreneurship.

- We understood that, we have to work hard and think deeply the way how to become
entrepreneur according to the current status of the country.
Finally, we observed the characteristics which an entrepreneur should have;
These are: - Ability to take risks -Leadership
- Innovation - Open minded
- Visionary -Confident and well informed

3.7 In terms of improving our interpersonal communication skills.

This internship period helped us much to improve our interpersonal communication skill
and enabled us:

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-To make others understand complex concepts in a simple way.

- To solve problems with negotiation.
- To ask questions in a polite way and answer politely.
- To develop a friendly relationship with others.

3.8 Recommendation and Conclusion

Conclusion
Finally, we can conclude that the overall internship period was so helpful and a great
opportunity for us to develop our theoretical knowledge, practical knowledge, team playing
skill, leadership skill, entrepreneurship skill and interpersonal communication skill.
So we can say that the internship program for mechanical engineering students is very
necessary to develop especially their practical knowledge and apply their theoretical
knowledge.

Recommendation
-Since the layout/arrangement of workshops is not placed in a sequential manner, so the
company should replace workshops in a better way.
-Way of waste removal is not in a modern way, so the company should make a better way to
recycle wastes in order to reduce unnecessary expenditures.
-We have not seen specific product store, rather products are placed everywhere inside, and
this must be solved through building standardized product store.
-The company has no good handling mechanism to convey things from place to place, they
use fork lifts in each operation, which is ambiguous and time killer for small workshops, so it
is recommended to have cranes in each shop.
-To manufacture in mass production they use a manual way, and we strongly recommend
them to use other tools like Jig and fixtures.

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4. Design Of Leaf Jig

4.1 Summary
Over the past century, manufacturing has made considerable progress. New machine tools,
high performance cutting tools and modern manufacturing processes enable today‟s industries
to make parts faster and better than ever before.
Although work holding methods have also advanced considerably, the basic principles of
clamping and locating are still the same. Jigs and fixtures form an important category of
equipment that goes a long way in achieving productivity. In the present project an attempt is
made to reduce the effect of machining ideal time parameters because of mounting,
dismounting, marking etc. that are influences on responsive output parameters such as time of
producing hole, quantity of job, quality of job. In order to meet these ambitious demands, it is
necessary to find solutions regarding the shortening of the process time, which can be
accomplished by increasing the productivity of the manufacturing process, since increasing
the precision of the procedures is in many cases limited by the physical principles which
underlay these procedures and by the performances of the mechanical part of the machine
tool. The machining centers present the advantage of an increased productivity, due to the
reduced auxiliary time, through concentrating a higher number of operations needed for
changing the work piece position and avoiding the removal, transport, setting and alignment
of the work piece, which in many cases represents the source of much error.

4.2 Introduction
A jig is a work-holding device that supports, holds, locates a work-piece and also guides
the cutting tool for the desired machining operations. Its main objective is to ensure high
degree of precision, interchangeability, and duplication in products „manufacturing, it is also
applied to manipulate the location and movement of other tools.
A jig is usually made of metal which locates and holds the work-piece(s) in a positive
manner and also guides the cutting tool(s) such that it is in the correct relationship to the
work when machining commences. It is usually necessary for the work to be held in the jig
by clamping.
The jig is not fixed to the machine table by clamping but is held by hand. Jigs are used for

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quantity drilling, reaming and tapping for example.

The most common type of jig is the drill jig, which guides the drill bit for creating holes at
desired locations. Using drill jigs increases production rate drastically by eliminating the time
spent using a square scriber, height gauge, center punch, etc.
The basic purposes of developing and using suitable jigs for mass production in machine
shops are:-To eliminate marking, punching, positioning, alignments etc.
-Easy, quick and consistently accurate locating, supporting and clamping the work
in alignment of the cutting tool.
-Guidance to the cutting tool like drill, reamer etc.
-Increase in productivity and maintain product quality consistently.
-To reduce operator‟s labor and skill – requirement.
-To reduce measurement and its cost.
-It reduces the expenditures on quality control of machine parts.
-Reduction of overall machining cost and also increases in interchangeability.
Elements of a jig
The body, Clamping devices, Locating devices, and Tool guide/bushes are the major
elements of jigs and fixtures.
1. The Body
The jig body provides the mounting area for all the locators, clamps, supports, and other
devices that position and hold the workpiece.
The three general categories of tool bodies are cast, welded, and built up. Each type of
construction can be used for any workpiece, but one is often a better choice than the others.
The first step toward an economic design is to know and weigh the strengths and weaknesses
of each.
2. Clamping Device
Clamping elements are used to grip the workpiece towards the locator to avoid movement of
workpiece during operation.
Without sacrificing efficiency and effectiveness, the clamping devices must be very simple
and easy to operate. Apart from holding the workpiece securely in place, the strong point of

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clamping devices is its ability to withhold the strain of the cutting tool during operations.
3. Locating Device
The devices that restrict a work piece‟s movement are the locators. The locators, therefore,
must be strong enough to maintain the position of the workpiece and to resist the cutting
forces.
It can be observed that the workpiece will have actually 12 degrees of freedom if the
translation and rotation are considered in both positive and negative directions. So as to
restrict the 9 degree of freedom, it is possible to use 3-2-1 locating principle.
3-2-1 locating mean assembling 3 locators in the first plane (largest side), 2 locators in
another plane (medium side) and 1 locator in the third plane (smallest side).
4. Bushes
Guiding parts like jig bushings and templates which must be wear resistant, interchangeable,
and precise, are used to locate the cutting tool relative to the component being machined. Jig
bushes are applied in drilling and boring, here for the drill to pass through, a bush fits into the
hole of the jig.
Bushes are mainly made of reliable grade of tool steel in order to ensure hardening at a low
temperature and also reduce the risk of fire cracking. Although, hardened steel bushes are
preferred for guiding reamers, drills, and taps, the guiding tool bushings can also be made of
cast iron.
5. Jig Feet and Legs
A drill jig should stand on four legs instead of flat surface. If the jig stands on flat surface,
chips will get under flat surface and imbalance the jig. To avoid imbalance, jigs stand on four
legs. Jig legs may be built into the jig body or purchased as a standard part.
They should be placed on these legs so that all bushings are within the area covered by legs,
which are placed on extremes of the jig. Legs should be ground so that they all lie in one
plane after they are mounted on jig base.

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Fig 4. 1 Basic elements of a jig

Types of drilling jig

1. Template Jig
This is the simplest type of jig; It is simply a plate made to the shape and size of the work
piece; with the require number of holes made it. It is placed on the work piece and the hole
will be made by the drill; which will be guided through the holes in the template plate should
be hardened to avoid its frequent replacement. This type of jig is suitable if only a few parts
are to be made.
2. Plate Type Jig
This is an improvement of the template type of jig. In place of simple holes, drill bushes are
provided in the plate to guide the drill. The work piece can be clamped to the plate and holes
can be drilled. The plate jig are employed to drill holes in large parts, maintaining accurate
spacing with each other.
3. Channel jig
The channel jig is a simple type of jig having channel like cross section. The component is
fitted within the channel is located and clamped by locating the knob. The tool is guided

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through the drill bush.

4. Leaf Jig
It is also a sort of open type jig , in which the top plate is arrange to swing about a fulcrum
point , so that it is completely clears the jig for easy loading and unloading of the work piece.
The drill bushes are fitted into the plate, which is also known as leaf, latch or lid.
5. Box Type Jig
When the holes are to drill more than one plane of the work piece, the jig has to be provided
with equalant number of bush plates. For positioning jig on the machine table feet have to be
provided opposite each drilling bush plate. One side of the jig will be provided with a
swinging leaf for loading and unloading the work piece, such a jig would take the form of a
box. Such a jig should be as light as possible. Since it will have lifted again and again
N.B: From the above listed type of drilling jigs, we have selected the leaf type drilling jig as
it is the most appropriate type to drill our workpiece (perline plate).

4.3 Problem statement and justification

Holding work pieces to be drilled with the drilling machine table is one of major
problems faced by the manufacturing company, especially in small medium company.
Sometimes they need expensive equipment to hold the parts to be drilled. Today, customers
request in industries is increasing. So, the company must find new method to improve their
productivity. Jigs are important part using in any industry. Even if, jigs always have limited
function like just one part can be support for one process. This makes the production slow
and cannot fulfill customers demand. Nowadays, there are several methods available to
improve design to increase the productivity.
At the time of our internship period we have seen the production of many products with
excess quantity, specially drilling of plates. But the method that the manufacturers follow was
not fast, full of manual fatigue and the expenditure (labor cost) was high as it takes long time.
So, as a manufacturing engineering student, we initiated to design a special tool called Jig.
The application of jigs in manufacturing operation leads to the production of faster, more
accurate, and reliable products at a reduced cost.
The work piece which is to be drilled with a quantity of over 1200 pieces is said to be

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“perline plate” made of steel, which is used for fastening of two beams together. The figure
below shows perline plate.
Without use of jig manufacturers produce only 9 pieces per 8 hour. So in three shifts in a
day 27 pieces only drilled.
i.e., 93 = 27 pieces per day.

Fig 4. 2 Perline plate (work piece).

Fig 4. 3 Drilling operation without use of Jig.

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4.4 Objectives
4.4.1 Main objective
The objective of this project is to design a leaf jig.
4.4.2 Specific objectives
i. To identify the locating, supporting and clamping methods to suit specific drill jig.
ii. To calculate and analyze the clamp to hold the work piece with the jig.
iii. To select and design a suitable type of bushing.
iv. To select a suitable material for elements of the jig.

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4.5 Methodology
The purpose of this section is to present the methodology used for this project. It will focus
on the jig designing steps as presented in the flow chart below:

Defining requirement

Gathering and Analyzing Information

Selection of Appropriate Material

Design Analysis

Preparation of Working Drawing

1. Defining Requirement
The initial step in jig designing is data collection or information organization such as
identifying what problem to be solved, and what needs to be achieved. Problem identification
and needs requirement data can be collected by direct observation and questionnaire which
can help to get close to the operation and process itself.
In this project, we are improving the existing operation work method. The main objectives
are focus on improvement of quality, cost, delivery, and safety as shown in Table below.
Table 4.1 Requirements

Check item Target

Quality Maintain the current quality.

Cost Reduce current process cost (labor cost).

Delivery Increase number of products per day.

Safety Reduce occurrence of chips that can bring injuries

to operator during operation.

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2. Gathering and Analyzing Information

In the second design step, all data is collected and assembled. The data such as part details,
operation classification, equipment selection and operator criteria are collected. Notes from
interviews of operators and supervisors related to the operation are taken and image capturing
can be done for further references. There are four categories of design considerations has
been divided that need to be collected which are; the work piece, manufacturing operations,
equipment, and personnel. A checklist is shown in Table below
Table 4.2 Overall information about the design.

Work piece

Size(mm) 206200

Shape Rectangular

Material Type Steel

Production Quantity Over 1200 pieces

Operation

Type of operation Machining(Drilling)

Sequence Secondary operation(after shearing)

Equipment

Machine Tool Drilling machine

In addition to the above, Personnel considerations is a deal with the end user, or operator, of
the equipment. Jigs are designed to be used by shop personnel, so the design of any work
holder must be made with the operator in mind. The first and most important consideration in
this step is safety. No jig should ever be designed without complete safety in mind.
Additional factors typically considered in this category are operator fatigue, efficiency,
economy of motion, and the speed of the operation.
3. Material Selection
There are a wide range of materials from where jigs could be made, to resist tear and wear,
the materials are often tempered and hardened. Also, phosphor bronze and other non-ferrous
metals, as well as composites, and nylons for wear reduction of the mating parts, and damage
prevention to the manufacturing part is also used.

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Workpiece materials should be selected on the basis of functionality, availability, and cost.
Mild steel: contain about 0.29% of carbon are very cheap and because of their easy
availability are often the choicest material for the making of jigs of fixtures.
In the selection of suitable material to satisfy a particular design and product
requirements, it is necessary to look at many aspects to insure that the component or
assembly can be manufactured within the resources available that the completed
product will function satisfactorily throughout its design life and that all these can be
achieved at an acceptable cost.
We have selected mild steel for our design as it is easily wieldable and machinable,
malleable and ductile, have high resistance to wear and corrosion, have high
resilience, it is strong and tough, have low cost and easy to form, have high ability
to prevent fracture
Except the bush we selected mild steel for all other components of the jig.
4. Design analysis
After collecting the required data and selecting the appropriate material for the design we
start analysis and design of components of the jig.
5. Preparation of Working Drawing
Drawing software‟s has been used for many years and widely in our world. By using these
software‟s the product or part design can be more accurate than hand-drawn designs and it
can reduce human error. Users are able to save and edit ideas which make it easier and
cheaper to modify a design of parts or a jig.
Solid works is a tool that provides feature-based 3D modeling capability for mechanical
design. It comprises basic part modeling, assembly composition and from that drawing
creation. Advantages using Solid works such as auto checks and auto correct before sending
for fabrication, allows designers to compare their design components and drawing with other
design works, able to work with multiple data, drawing format and converting the drawing
format.

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4.6 Analysis, Results and Discussion

4.6.1 Design Analysis
The design of jigs is dependent on numerous factors which are analyzed to achieve an
optimum output. Jigs should be made of rigid light materials to facilitate easy handling.
Drill jigs provide procedures for proper location of the work-piece during machining, and
also guide the tool position and/or fasten the jig.
We have given that: Length of work=206 mm
Thickness of work=5 mm
Width of work=200 mm
Diameter of holes=12.5 mm
1. Selection of drill bush (Guiding bush)
Since bush materials are to be hardened, we have selected hardened steel as it is available in
the market and economical than other materials.

Table 4. 3 Bushing. [1]

𝑑1 = 12.5 𝑚𝑚
for 12 𝑚𝑚 > 𝑑1 ≥ 15 𝑚𝑚
𝑑2 = 22 𝑚𝑚
𝑑3 = 26 𝑚𝑚
𝑙1 = 16 𝑚𝑚, 𝑙2 = 4 𝑚𝑚 &
radius, 𝑟1 = 4 𝑚𝑚

Fig 4. 4 solid work result of bushing

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2. Design of clamps
Pressure pad assembling is used to clamp right hand side of workpiece and fixed at the end
of clamp.
Table 4. 4 Floating pressure pad. [1]

Since thickness of the work is 5 mm, and outer diameter of the pressure pad (𝑑1 Ø) should
be greater than thickness of work, i.e., 𝑑1 Ø = 12𝑚𝑚
Using 𝑑1 Ø, we can get the recent dimensions from the figure 4.6 above
𝑑4 = 4.8 𝑚𝑚
𝑑5 = 10 𝑚𝑚 𝑕 = 8 𝑚𝑚
𝑑6 = 5 𝑚𝑚 𝑟1 = 1.5 𝑚𝑚
𝑑7 = 1.5 𝑚𝑚 𝑟2 = 0.3 𝑚𝑚
𝑒 = 2.5 𝑚𝑚 𝑡1 = 5 𝑚𝑚
𝑓 = 2.5 𝑚𝑚 𝑡2 = 0.5 𝑚𝑚
Screw thread is M6
Fig 4. 5 solid work result of pressure pad

Table 4. 5 Screws for floating pressure pads. [1]

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From the above we got thread of the screw M6, so we can get other geometries of the screw
from figure 4.8 above for M6, 𝑙1 = 6.5 𝑚𝑚 𝑑2 = 4.5 𝑚𝑚, 𝑙2 = 2.2 𝑚𝑚, 𝑑3 = 3 𝑚𝑚 ,
𝑙3 = 2.2 𝑚𝑚, 𝑟 = 3 𝑚𝑚, 𝑧 = 1 𝑚𝑚.

Fig 4. 6 solid work result of screw

3. Selection of locator
As our workpiece is flat, and flat surfaces are common workpiece features used for
location, so locating from a flat surface is a form of plane location using pin locator.
Table 4. 6 Standard geometry of round pin locator. [3]

The distance (𝑕1 ) can be less than or equal to the thickness of the jig plate (𝑡𝑝 ).
So, 𝑕1 𝑡𝑝 = 10 𝑚𝑚 since 𝑡𝑝 = 𝑙1 − 𝑙2 = 16 − 4 = 12 𝑚𝑚

Using 𝑕1 , 𝐷 = 12 𝑚𝑚 where 𝑙1, 𝑙2 are length of the bush

𝑑 = 11.5 𝑚𝑚
𝑑1 = 10 𝑚𝑚
𝑑2 = 9.5 𝑚𝑚
𝑕2 = 18 𝑚𝑚

Fig 4. 7 solid work result of pin locator

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4. Design of jig body

As we know thickness of the jig plate is equal to inner length of the bush.
i.e., 𝑡𝑝 = 𝑙1 − 𝑙2 = 16 − 4 = 12 𝑚𝑚

The base length of the jig body can be calculated as the sum of length of work, thickness of
plates and length of the locator.
𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡𝑕 = 2𝑡𝑝 + 𝑕 + 𝑙𝑤 + 𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
Where: 𝑡𝑝 =thickness of plate

𝑙𝑤 =length of work
𝑕 =pin head length of locator (h2)
𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡𝑕 = (212)𝑚𝑚 + 18𝑚𝑚 + 206𝑚𝑚 + 12𝑚𝑚 Since, 𝐴𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 𝑡𝑝 = 12 𝑚𝑚

= 260𝑚𝑚
The working height of the jig body can be calculated as the sum of height of work,
thickness of plate, length of locator and clearance for chip removal.
𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔𝑕𝑡 = 2𝑡𝑝 + 𝑕𝑤 + 𝑕 + 𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑕𝑖𝑝 𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑣𝑎𝑙
Where: 𝑡𝑝 =thickness of plate

𝑕𝑤 =height/thickness of work
𝑕 = pin head length of locator (h2)
But, 𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 𝐷 𝑡𝑜 1.5𝐷 for ductile materials D=Drill diameter
= 12.51.5 = 18.5 𝑚𝑚
𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔𝑕𝑡 = (212) 𝑚𝑚 + 5 𝑚𝑚 + 18 𝑚𝑚 + 18.5 𝑚𝑚
= 65.5 𝑚𝑚
Width of the jig body can be calculated as the sum of thickness of plate, width of the work
and length of the locator.
𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡𝑕 = 𝑡𝑝 + 𝑤𝑤 + 𝑕
Where: 𝑡𝑝 =thickness of plate

𝑤𝑤 =width of work
𝑕 = pin head length of locator (h2)
𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡𝑕 = 12 𝑚𝑚 + 200 𝑚𝑚 + 18 𝑚𝑚
= 230𝑚𝑚

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Fig 4. 8 Solid work result of the jig body

5. Design of leaf
𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡𝑕 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑓 = 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡𝑕 𝑜𝑓 𝑗𝑖𝑔 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 =260 𝑚𝑚
𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡𝑕 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑓 = 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡𝑕 𝑜𝑓 𝑗𝑖𝑔 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 230 𝑚𝑚
𝑇𝑕𝑖𝑐𝑘 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑓 = 𝑇𝑕𝑖𝑐𝑘 𝑜𝑓 𝑗𝑖𝑔 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 12 𝑚𝑚

Fig 4. 9 Solid work result of the leaf.

6. Selection of locking stud with nut
Clamps which are selected before (2) are used to grip the work. And then we need another
additional clamp to close (tight) the leaf after loading the work.
We selected eye bolt and wing or thumb nuts as it is simple to tight and loose while loading
and unloading the work, respectively.
Table 4. 7 (a)Eye bolt[1], (b)Wing nut[4]

(a) (b)
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From the table (a) 𝑎𝑡 𝐴 = 10 𝑚𝑚, B = 13 mm, 𝐶 = 20 𝑚𝑚, 𝐷 = 13 𝑚𝑚, 𝐸 = 10 𝑚𝑚, 𝐹 =

12 𝑚𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐺 = 32 𝑚𝑚

Fig 4. 10 Solid work result of eye bolt

From the table above (b) 𝑎𝑡

𝐴 = 10𝑚𝑚3/8𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑕,𝐵 = 13/16𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑕20𝑚𝑚 , 𝐶 = 1 11⁄16 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑕42𝑚𝑚,D=17/

32𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑕14𝑚𝑚,𝐸 = 9/16𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑕14𝑚𝑚,𝐹 = 5/8 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑕16𝑚𝑚 , 𝐺 = 5/32𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑕4𝑚𝑚

Fig 4. 11 Solid work result of wing nut

(a)

(b)
Fig 4. 12 Solid work result of assembly drawing (a)closed (b)open

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Force Analysis
The standard formulae for the various forces associated with the operations of jigs are
explained below:
𝑇𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒 = 𝑘𝐴𝑓0.8𝑑1.8
𝑇𝑕𝑟𝑢𝑠𝑡, 𝑇 = 2𝑘𝐵𝑓0.8𝑑 + (𝑘𝐸𝑑2)
Where 𝑑 − 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑕𝑒 𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑙𝑙
𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐸 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑘 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑠
Also, 𝑇𝑕𝑟𝑢𝑠𝑡/𝐷𝑟𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒, 𝐹 = 1.16𝑘𝑑 (100𝑠 0.85 )
But 𝑘 𝑖𝑠 𝑡𝑕𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑘 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 = 1.5
𝑑 𝑖𝑠 𝑡𝑕𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑙𝑙 = 12.5 𝑚𝑚( as indicated before)
𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑡𝑕𝑒 𝑓𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 0.17𝑚𝑚/𝑟𝑒𝑣
Then substituting to,
𝑇𝑕𝑟𝑢𝑠𝑡/𝐷𝑟𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 = 1.16𝑘𝑑(100𝑠 0.85 )
= 1.161.512.5(1000.170.85 )
= 282.326 𝑘𝑔𝑓 = 2823.2 𝑁
Force acting on lips is given by:

(𝑘𝑙 𝑑𝑠)⁄
𝑃𝑙 = 4 𝑘𝑙 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑑 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 = 250𝑘𝑔/𝑚𝑚2

(25012.50.17)⁄
Substituting, 𝑃𝑙 = 4

𝑃𝑙 = 232.81 𝑘𝑔𝑓 = 2328.1 𝑁

The 𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒, 𝑀 = (𝑃𝑙 𝑑)/20
𝑀 = (2328.112.5)/20
𝑀 = 1455 𝑁𝑚𝑚
𝑇𝑕𝑒 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 (𝑄) 𝑖𝑠 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑎𝑠 𝑇𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒 (𝑀) 𝑠𝑎𝑓𝑒𝑡𝑦 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟
𝑄 = 𝑀𝐹. 𝑠
Since, for design of jig 1𝐹. 𝑠5, let‟s take 3
𝑄 = 1455 𝑁𝑚𝑚 3
= 4365𝑁

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4.6.2 Results
Table 4. 8 Results of the designed Jig.

Parts Quantity Material Dimensions(basics)

Bushing 2 Hardened steel Outside diameter, d3=26mm

Inner hole diameter, d2=22mm
Length, l1=16mm

Floating 1 Mild steel Face diameter, d1=12mm

pressure pad Length, l1=7.5mm

Clamping 1 Mild steel Length, l=50

screw

Locator 6 Mild steel Head diameter, D=12mm

Head length, h2=18mm

Body 1 Mild steel Thickness of plate, tp=12mm

Length=260mm
Height=65.5mm
Width=230mm

Leaf 1 Mild steel Length=260mm

Width=65.5mm
Thickness=12mm

Eye-bolt 1 Mild steel Thread, M10

Eye width, C=20mm
Eye diameter, A=10mm
Thread length=20mm

Wing nut 1 Mild steel Nut diameter, D=14mm

Wing diameter, F=14mm
Overall height, B=20mm
Overall length, C=42mm
Wing thickness, G=4mm

Feet/leg 4 Mild steel Diameter=20mm

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Height=20mm

Drilling/Thrust force 2823.2N

Torque 1455N-mm
Clamping force 4365N

4.6.3 Discussion
With 1.5 as the material factor „k‟ for mild steel, a feed rate of 0.17 millimeter per
revolution, and a drill diameter of 12.5 millimeters, the Thrust/Drilling force was calculated
as 2823.2 N, the Force acting on each of the lips was calculated as 2328.1 N, the Torque (M)
was gotten as 1455N-mm, while the value of the Clamping Force was also calculated as
4365N. The calculated values confirmed that a 12 millimeter thick mild will lead to the
construction of a rigid and strong jigs and fixtures that will guarantee high machining
accuracy, consistent quality of products, and interchangeability.
As the above result tell us, the clamping force 4365N is greater than the drilling/thrust force
2823.2N. So it is possible to drill the workpiece using this jig without failure of components.
Generally, As we can see in the project to drill 1200 pieces of perline plate manually
(without use of drill jig) it takes a day to produce 27 pieces. So to drill the total number of
pieces it takes about 45 working days.
But if we use the designed leaf jig we can produce 126 pieces per day, so to drill all required
pieces it only takes a maximum of 10 days.

4.7 Proposed solution

As we have seen without use of jig and fixture, it is more costly for mass production as the
labor cost is high because it takes much more time and needs a skilled operator.
As we can see in the project to manually (without use of drill jig) drill 1200 pieces of
perline plate it takes much more time.
This problem is solved by designing appropriate drilling jig.

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4.8 Conclusion and Recommendation

Jigs and fixtures are manufacturing tools that are employed to produce interchangeable and
identical components. They are unique tool-guiding and work-holding devices designed
specifically for machining and assembling large number of parts. They eliminate the need for
a special set-up for every work-piece thereby facilitating production and also ensuring that
every work piece is manufactured within a predetermined tolerance. The design of jigs and
fixtures is dependent on the operation type as well as the machine tool to be used for the
operation. They are fabricated with heat-treated steel that are corrosion and wear resistant.
There are numerous advantages that are associated with the use of jigs and fixtures, they
include: production increase, low variability in dimension thereby leading to consistent
quality of manufactured products, manufacturing cost reduction, interchangeability and high
accuracy of parts, reduces the need for inspection and quality control expenses, reduces
accident as safety is improved, semi-skilled machine operators can easily use them thereby
saving the cost of manpower.
Other benefits are: the machine tool can be automated to an appreciable extent, complex and
heavy components can be easily machined, easy assembly operations save labor, reduction of
defective products, elimination of the need for measuring, marking out, punching, positioning,
alignments, and setting up for each work-piece thereby reducing the cycle and set up time,
increase technological capacities of machine tools, setting of higher values of some operating
conditions like depth of cut, speed, and rate of feed can be attained because of the increased
clamping capability of jigs and fixtures.
It is recommended that since the design of jigs and fixtures is dependent on numerous
factors which are analyzed to achieve an optimum output that they should be made of rigid
light materials to facilitate easy handling. For adequate strength and rigidity, mild steel with
12 millimeters thick was chosen for our design of sample leaf jig.

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5. General Conclusion And Recommendation

General Conclusion
As we can see the brief description of internship report above, we can say that the
internship program helps the students to gain practical skills, theoretical knowledge, team
playing skills, leadership skills, entrepreneurship skills and communication skills. The
internship program makes student rise problem solver projects and new ideas that help the
hosting company and country.
This report deals with the design and fabrication of drill jig and the detailed drawing of the
component and assembly. The project carried out by us made an impressing task in drilling
works. It is very useful for industries on mass production of identical parts.

Recommendation
We recommended that as much as possible our university especially industrial university
linkage ought to work to solve some problems and facilitate relation between the students and
the company. Industry university linkage should solve the problems to accept students whose
requested paper is related to field of studies and to link students with industries that have a
capacity to train the students.
Finally we draw the following recommendations for the enterprise (AMIMTDE):
- To fulfil the demand of customers, it should go equally with the current technology.
- In order to develop the technology, it should have modern machines with skilled operator.
- In order to minimize unnecessary expense, it is recommended to recycle waste materials
- To manufacture in mass production it is recommend to use other tools like Jig and fixtures.

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References
1. P H Joshi, “Jigs and fixtures” Tata McGraw-Hill Education, New Delhi, India, 2011.
2. Edward Hoffman, “Jig and fixture design” Cengage Learning, 21-Aug-2003.
3. C Elanchezhian, “Design of jigs, fixture and press tool” second edition, Eswar press
4. Jones F.D, “jig and fixture design” The machinery Publishing co., ltd, 1920
5. Rajender Singh, “Introduction to basic manufacturing processes and workshop technology”
New Age International (P) Ltd., Publishers, New Delhi, India, 2006.
6. Spogel (2014). "Mini project on Jigs and Fixtures"
http://files.spogel.com/miniprojectsin-mech/p-0027--Jigs-and-Fixtures.pdf
7. Carr Lane Manufacturing Co., “Jig and fixture handbook” 2016

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Appendices

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