Chapter 6 - Force and

Chatper 6 - Force and Motion II Motion II

Friction

Drag

Uniform Circular Motion

“Only in the frictionless vacuum

of a nonexistent abstract world
can movement or change occur
without that abrasive friction of
conflict.”
- Saul Alinsky

David J. Starling
Penn State Hazleton
PHYS 211
 Chapter 6 - Force and
Friction Motion II

Friction

Frictional forces affect almost every situation and Drag

Uniform Circular Motion

tend to oppose motion.
 Chapter 6 - Force and
Friction Motion II

Friction

Frictional forces affect almost every situation and Drag

Uniform Circular Motion

tend to oppose motion.

The block wants to slide down the incline so friction

opposes this motion.
 Chapter 6 - Force and
Friction Motion II

Friction
Static friction ~fs is a force that holds an object in Drag

place (so ~v = 0). Uniform Circular Motion

 Chapter 6 - Force and
Friction Motion II

Friction
Static friction ~fs is a force that holds an object in Drag

place (so ~v = 0). Uniform Circular Motion

Even if the applied force ~F increases, the frictional force

balances it.
 Chapter 6 - Force and
Friction Motion II

Kinetic friction ~fk is a force that opposes motion Friction

Drag
after an object begins to slide. Uniform Circular Motion
 Chapter 6 - Force and
Friction Motion II

Kinetic friction ~fk is a force that opposes motion Friction

Drag
after an object begins to slide. Uniform Circular Motion

The kinetic friction force is less than the static friction force
and the motion is jerky.
 Chapter 6 - Force and
Friction Motion II

Friction

Drag
Property 1: For a motionless object, ~fs points Uniform Circular Motion

parallel to the contact surface and balances the

sum of the other forces in the plane of that surface.
 Chapter 6 - Force and
Friction Motion II

Friction

Drag

Property 2: For motionless objects, the frictional Uniform Circular Motion

force has a maximum value of

fs,max = µs FN ,

where µs is the coefficient of static friction and FN

is the magnitude of the normal force.
 Chapter 6 - Force and
Friction Motion II

Friction

Drag

Property 2: For motionless objects, the frictional Uniform Circular Motion

force has a maximum value of

fs,max = µs FN ,

where µs is the coefficient of static friction and FN

is the magnitude of the normal force.

If the other forces in that plane exceed fs,max , then the object
slides.
 Chapter 6 - Force and
Friction Motion II

Friction
Property 3: For objects in motion, the frictional
Drag
force is Uniform Circular Motion

fk = µk F N ,

where µk is the coefficient of kinetic friction.

 Chapter 6 - Force and
Friction Motion II

Friction
Property 3: For objects in motion, the frictional
Drag
force is Uniform Circular Motion

fk = µk F N ,

where µk is the coefficient of kinetic friction.

 Chapter 6 - Force and
Friction Motion II

Lecture Question 6.1 Friction

Three pine blocks of mass m are sitting on a rough surface as Drag

Uniform Circular Motion

shown. If the same horizontal force is applied to each block,
which one of the following statements is false?

(a) The coefficient of kinetic friction is the same for all three.
(b) The magnitude of the force of kinetic friction is greater for
block 3.
(c) The normal force exerted by the surface is the same for all.
(d) Block 3 has the greatest area in contact with the surface.
(e) If the force is the minimum to start block 1 moving, then
that same force could be used to start any block.
 Chapter 6 - Force and
Drag Motion II

Friction
A blunt object experiences a drag force when it Drag

moves through a fluid such as air. Uniform Circular Motion

1
FD = CρAv2
2
 Chapter 6 - Force and
Drag Motion II

Friction
A blunt object experiences a drag force when it Drag

moves through a fluid such as air. Uniform Circular Motion

1
FD = CρAv2
2
C: drag coefficient, ρ: density of fluid, A: cross-sectional
area, v: velocity of object
 Chapter 6 - Force and
Drag Motion II

Friction

Drag

Uniform Circular Motion

 Chapter 6 - Force and
Drag Motion II

Lecture Question 6.2 Friction

A sky diver jumps from a flying airplane and falls for Drag

several seconds before she reaches terminal velocity. She Uniform Circular Motion

then opens her parachute, reaches a new terminal velocity,

and continues her descent to the ground. Which graph of the
drag force versus time best represents this situation?
 Chapter 6 - Force and
Uniform Circular Motion Motion II

Friction
Objects moving in uniform circular motion
Drag
experience an acceleration toward the center of Uniform Circular Motion

the circle given by ar = v2 /r.

 Chapter 6 - Force and
Uniform Circular Motion Motion II

Friction
Objects moving in uniform circular motion
Drag
experience an acceleration toward the center of Uniform Circular Motion

the circle given by ar = v2 /r.

The tension ~T in the string is the centripetal force.

 Chapter 6 - Force and
Uniform Circular Motion Motion II

The equation of motion for an object in uniform Friction

Drag
circular motion is just:
Uniform Circular Motion

v2
Fnet = ma → Fnet = m
r
 Chapter 6 - Force and
Uniform Circular Motion Motion II

Friction

Drag

Lecture Question 6.3 A ball is whirled on the end of a string in Uniform Circular Motion

a horizontal circle of radius R at constant speed v. By which one

of the following means can the centripetal acceleration of the ball
be increased by a factor of two?

(a) Keep radius fixed and increase the period by a factor of 2.

(b) Keep radius fixed and decrease the period by a factor of 2.

(c) Keep radius fixed and increase the speed by a factor of 2.

(d) Keep speed fixed and increase the radius by a factor of 2.

(e) Keep speed fixed and decrease the radius by a factor of 2.