What are Graphic Organizers?

 
A graphic organizer is a teaching and learning tool that is used to organize
information and ideas in a way that is easy to comprehend and internalize. By
integrating text and visuals, graphic organizers show relationships and connections
between concepts, terms, and facts. 

Graphic organizers can be used in all grade levels, and have proven to be effective
learning tools for gifted children and students with special needs. And with adult
learners, graphic organizers can help enable the connection between what they
already know and newly acquired knowledge. 
1. Persuasion map

The persuasion map is an interactive graphic organizer that helps students familiarize
themselves with the process of persuasive writing. It assists them with outlining and preparing
arguments for their essays, speeches, debates, etc.

How to use it

Step 1: Choose a topic of interest for your essay/debate. Do proper research around it to collect
enough information.

Step 2: Define the claim that you want to make with your essay. Start your persuasion map by
writing this down first.

Step 3: Next to it, write down the reasons for making that claim.

Step 4: Then write down facts, examples, and information to back up your reasoning.

Step 5: End your persuasion map with the conclusion of your essay.
2. Sequence Chart 

A sequence graphic organizer is a tool that helps visualize the

order of steps of a process or a timeline of events, etc. It can also
be used for note-taking, lesson planning, and essay writing.

How to use it

Step 1: Identify the steps in the process or event. 

Step 2: Using a sequence chart, arrange these steps in sequential

order. 
3. Story map 
A story map can be used to identify the different elements such as characters, character plots,
themes, techniques, etc. in a book students are reading. It’s a useful tool that teachers can
integrate into the lesson to improve students’ comprehension. 

How to use it

Step 1: Read the book and understand it well. 

Step 2: Discuss the different significant elements that were involved in the story. These could be
the characters, setting, problem and solution, etc. You can fill the story map during the
discussion. 

Step 3: Once the map is complete you can discuss each element individually.
4. Biography graphic organizer
This is a tool that assists with understanding a character from a novel, autobiography or
movie or a historical figure more in-depth. It brings attention to various important factors
about a person’s life.
How to create it

Step 1: Gather as much information you can about the character you are studying. You can
also refer to online resources, or ask from teachers or experts. 

Step 2: As you analyze the information you have gathered, isolate the facts that stand out or
you think are important. 

Step 3: Use your biography graphic organizer to lay out the information in a presentable
way. You can add images to make it more comprehensible as well.
5. KWL chart
KWL chart is used for gathering information from student’s prior knowledge or experience. This
3 column chart captures the before (what the reader already knows), during (what the reader
wants to learn) and after (what the reader learned) stages of reading.  
How to use it

Step 1: Get students to brainstorm around the selected topic and write down everything they
know about it in the K column. 

Step 2: Ask them to generate a list of questions about what they want to know in the W column
of the chart. 

Step 3: During or after reading the book/ lesson get them to answer these questions in the L
column.
6. Learning map

Learning maps visually depict the key takeaways – skills, ideas, knowledge – students should get
from a lesson. It usually provides a high-level view of the lesson/ unit/ course that is to be studied
and the connection between its different components. Students can also use learning maps in the
classroom for note-taking. 

How to use it 

Step 1: At the center of the map, write down the topic (i.e. name of the lesson or unit)

Step 2: Brainstorm ideas and information related to it. Write these down on branches emerging
from the center. Make sure that you place them in a way that makes sense to teach or in a logical
sequence around the center. 

Step 3: Add connectors between these elements and add labels to highlight the kind of
relationship between them.
7. Analogy graphic organizer 
The analogy graphic organizer uses analogy to help students identify similarities and differences
between a new topic and a topic that they are already familiar with. 

How to use it 

Step 1: Select a topic/ concept that the students already know and is analogous in certain aspects
to the new topic

Step 2:  Introduce the new concept and get the students to read and discuss it

Step 3: Using an analogy graphic organizer, ask the students to brainstorm and write similarities
and differences between the two topics. 

Step 4: Based on the completed graphic organizer, ask the students to write a brief description of 
the new topic
8. Vocabulary graphic organizer
This tool can be used to assess the vocabulary knowledge of students. You can create graphic
organizers including various elements to help students learn new words, and learn antonyms and
synonyms. 
9. Problem-solving organizer
Problem-solving graphic organizers can be used to improve the problem-solving skills of the
students. It helps students identify and evaluate solutions to problems.

How to use it

Step 1: Identify the problem and write it in the problem box

Step 2: Ask students to then write down why they think it is a problem in the first place

Step 3: Get them to brainstorm all possible solutions along with the pros and cons relates to them. 

Step 4: Once they select the best possible solution, ask them to list down all its possible
consequences

Step 5: Students can then make suggestions to improve the selected solution further
10. Timeline graphic organizer

Timeline diagrams are a type of graphic organizer that shows a sequence of events in

chronological order.
They come in handy when studying history as you can use it to display major historical events that
occurred during a period of time along with important details such as dates and locations in which
they took place.
In addition, timeline charts can also be used to show the progress of something (i.e. growth of a
business) or changes. 

How to use it

Step 1: Identify the different events and the sequence of order in which they took place. 

Step 2: Use a timeline template to arrange them chronologically

Step 3: Include significant details such as dates, locations and other additional information as
needed.
11. T  chart 
T charts allow students to study two facets of a topic. For example, disadvantages and
advantages, pros and cons, differences and similarities, etc. 

How to use it

Step 1: Draw a T chart and write down the two areas you want to brainstorm around on each
column head. 

Step 2: Write down facts on each column as you carry out your brainstorming.
12. Hierarchy chart
Hierarchy charts visualize the elements of a system, organization or concept from its highest
position to the lowest. Students can use this tool to understand the superordinate and subordinate
categories of a topic and the relationship between them.

How to use it

Step 1: Identify the most important element under the topic you are studying. Write this down at
the top of the hierarchy chart. 

Step 2: List down the second layer of sub-elements stemming from the first component you have
identified. Add a third and fourth as necessary. 

Step 3: Connect these with lines to show how they are connected to each other.  
13. Star diagram
Star diagrams are used to organize the characteristics of a chosen topic. It can also be used to
brainstorm around new topics. 

How to use it

Step 1:  Select the topic you want to study and write it down in the center of the star diagram. 

Step 2: Write down the characteristics or attributes related to the central topics on each point of
the star. Adjust the points of the star depending on how many traits you write down.
14. Cluster diagram
Cluster diagrams can be used to facilitate a brainstorming session or structure idea generation and
even to help with exploring new topics. 

How to use it

Step 1: Pick your topic of interest to explore. This should be placed in the middle of the diagram. 

Step 2: Brainstorm around this main idea and come up with sub-topics related to it. Place them
around the center. 

Step 3: Brainstorm around each of the sub-topics and write down related ideas around them. 

Step 4: Add as many layers as you want. However, use color-coding to emphasize each branch of
thought. This will make it easier for you to read and understand the cluster diagram.
15. Lotus diagram
Lotus diagram is an analytical tool that can be used to breakdown broader and more complex
topics into smaller components for easy understanding. It can be used for brainstorming and
studying new topics. 
How to use it
Step 1: Draw a 3×3 grid in the center. On the square in the center, write down the main topic to be
explored. 
Step 2: Write down the related sub-topics around it as you brainstorm. 
Step 3: Draw 8 more 3×3 grids around the one in the center. Each of these can be used to write
down facts that you brainstorm around each subtopic.
16. Cause and effect graphic organizer
This type of graphic organizer shows the causes and effects of an event. The cause is the reason
why something has happened, and effect is the result of what has happened. Visualization helps
clearly understand the different cause and effect relationships.  

How to use it

Using a cause and effect graphic organizer, identify the causes and effects related to the problem
you are studying or writing about. There could be several models of cause and effect events,
such as one cause leading to one effect or multiple effects, or multiple causes leading to one
effect or multiple effects.

•One cause leading to several effects

•Several causes leading to one effect (You can use a fishbone diagram here)
•Each cause having one related effect
•One cause triggering another cause that leads to another
17. Mind map 

A mind map is a tool that helps capture the free flow of thought and is widely used for
brainstorming around topics. Additionally, it can also be used to organize and group information
about a topic. 

How to use it

Step 1: Write down the topic you are brainstorming around in the center. 

Step 2: On branches emerging from the middle, write down brainstormed ideas/ thoughts. 

Step 3: Expand each sub idea with more facts. You can keep on adding more information to your
mind map until you have enough.
18. Double bubble map 
The double bubble map is one of the popular thinking maps. It is much like a Venn diagram and is
used to identify similar and different qualities between two things. 

How to use it? 

Step 1: Write down the two ideas/ topics you are comparing in the two bubbles in the center. 

Step 2: As you brainstorm and analyze the topic, write down the differences in the bubbles radiating
from the center. 

Step 3: Write down the similarities in the bubbles that are common to both topics. 
19. Venn diagram 
Another graphic organizer that helps you visually represent a comparison of differences and
similarities between two subjects, is the Venn diagram. What makes it different from the double
bubble map is that it can include more than two topics and one common area. 

How to use it
It works similar to the double bubble map.

Step 1: Write down the topics being compared on the top of each circle. 

Step 2: Writ down the differences or unique characteristics inside its own sector avoiding the
overlapping area. 

Step 3: List the similarities in the common area.