Chronology Spain 19th century
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GemaThe 19th century in Spain saw much political instability and changing governments. Key events included the restoration of the monarchy under Ferdinand VII in 1814 followed by liberal uprisings. Upon Ferdinand's death in 1833, his daughter Isabella II became queen but the country was ruled by regents and saw conflicts between moderates and progressives. Revolutions and the rise of different parties led to various constitutions and short-lived governments like the First Republic in 1873. The Bourbon monarchy was eventually restored under Alfonso XII in 1874 and the country saw alternation between conservative and liberal parties through the end of the century.
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Unit 8 - Spain in the 19th Century
The document provides an overview of Spain in the 19th century, covering its political periods, independence movements in Latin America, civil wars like the Carlist Wars, and economic and social changes. Key events included the restoration of the liberal 1812 constitution during the Liberal Triennium, the Ominous Decade returning to conservative rule, and the reign of Isabella II which faced several uprisings and her eventual overthrow in 1868. Galicia experienced limited reforms, emigration, and the growth of Galician nationalism. The document also describes the career of painter Francisco Goya, from his early tapestry work to his later, darker paintings reflecting the turmoil in Spain.
Unit 1 the spanish empire
The Spanish Empire controlled most of Central and South America as well as the Philippines in Asia at the start of the 19th century. However, between 1810 and 1825, inspired by the French Revolution, most of Spain's American colonies gained independence as Spain was weakened from fighting France. In 1898, Spain fought the Spanish-American War against the United States over its remaining colonies of Cuba and Puerto Rico in America and the Philippines in Asia, which it ultimately lost, marking the end of the Spanish Empire.
Unit 1 modern spain part 2
The Spanish War of Independence began in 1808 when Napoleon decided to conquer Spain and the French army occupied the country. This sparked a revolt in Madrid and led to a war that ended in 1814, though it was also a civil war about who should be the monarch. The war split Spanish government between the French-backed government under Joseph I and the Spanish government under Fernando VII. In 1812, the Spanish government approved the liberal Constitution of Cádiz while in exile in Cádiz. Upon returning to power in 1814, Fernando VII abolished the constitution and restored absolutism. This set the stage for future conflicts known as the Carlist Wars over the line of succession.
Spain in the late 19th century vol.1
Spain experienced political instability in the late 19th century.
Isabel II was forced to abdicate in 1868, which began a period of instability. Her successor, King Amadeo I, also faced conflicts between political parties, rebellions, and problems with the army. Unable to govern effectively, he returned to Italy in 1873.
This led to the establishment of Spain's first republic, but it only lasted 11 months as the country faced three simultaneous civil wars. In 1874, General Manuel Pavia staged a coup which ended the republic and restored the monarchy under King Alfonso XII.
The first and the second republic alejandro, iván h. pedro y álex
The first Spanish Republic lasted only 11 months from 1873-1874 due to social instability and revolts in some cities that declared independence. General Martinez Campos then restored the monarchy and crowned Alfonso XII as King. The Second Spanish Republic lasted 8 years from 1931-1939 and was divided into three periods. It established a new constitution in 1931 that expanded women's right to vote, made primary education free and obligatory, reduced the power of the Catholic church and nobility while increasing it for the working class, legalized divorce, and granted more autonomy to Spanish regions. Manuel Azaña served as both president of the government and of the republic during this time.
Spain after 1492
During the late 15th and early 16th centuries, Ferdinand and Isabella unified Spain and expanded its territories through conquests. Their funding of Columbus's expedition led to the discovery of America, beginning the Spanish Empire. Charles I expanded the empire further, though faced problems from revolts. Philip II made the empire even larger but costly wars impoverished Spain. The Spanish Golden Age between 1560-1680 was a high period for arts and culture. By the 17th century, weak rulers and revolts diminished Spain's power, leading to a succession dispute and war in the early 18th century.
Notes2
Spain declined as a power in the late 17th century while France rose. In the 18th century, reforms in Portugal and colonies led to unrest and rebellion, with Jesuits and natives opposing loss of authority. Independence movements emerged in Latin America in the early 19th century, led by priests and common people, culminating in declarations of independence in Mexico and Brazil.
20th century spain
Spain lost its last colonies in the late 19th century. In the early 20th century, Spain experienced both industrial growth in cities and a rural class system. Social unrest occurred. A dictatorship formed in 1923 led by Primo de Rivera. In 1931, the Second Republic began and reforms like land redistribution and women's suffrage passed. However, conflicts grew and in 1936 General Francisco Franco launched a civil war, leading to dictatorship until his death in 1975. The transition to democracy followed, and Spain is now a modern democracy and member of the European Union.
The first republic ainara y maría
The first Republic in Spain lasted only eleven months from 1873 to 1874. It was a very unstable period with four different presidents. Some cities declared independence in a movement known as the "revolution cantonal". This instability led General Martinez Campos to restore the monarchy, making Alfonso XII the new king. Alfonso XIII later became king in 1902 when he was just one year old after his father's death, and his mother Maria Cristina served as regent queen during another time of unrest, which included the loss of Spanish colonies and wars in Africa.
The contemporary age2
- Isabel II ruled Spain from 1833 to 1868 but was unpopular. Her governments were dominated by military politicians until they died and the government became too weak. General Prim sent Isabel into exile and sought a new monarch.
- After two years, the Duke of Aosta, Amadeo I, accepted the throne but his reign was extremely unstable, dealing with conflicts between political parties, rebellions, and problems with the army. Unable to cope, he returned to Italy in 1873.
- Spain then became a republic for 11 months but experienced political and social instability along with three civil wars. General Martínez Campos restored the monarchy and Alfonso XII became the new King
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The independence of mexico
The independence of Mexico was the result of a political and social process that ended in armed conflict and Spanish rule in New Spain. The Mexican War for Independence lasted from 1810 to 1821, beginning with Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla's Grito de Dolores call to arms and ending with the entry of the Trigarante Army into Mexico City. The movement was influenced by Enlightenment liberal revolutions of the late 18th century and fueled by economic and political tensions under Spanish rule. After early leaders were defeated, the movement transitioned to guerrilla warfare until Agustin de Iturbide united rebel and royalist factions under the Plan de Iguala to finally declare independence from Spain on September 27, 18
History of spain 19th century project_christamas
Carlos IV became King of Spain in the late 18th century. During his reign, Napoleon occupied Spain and forced Carlos IV and his son Fernando VII to abdicate in Bayonne in 1808. Napoleon then installed his brother Joseph Bonaparte as the new King of Spain. This led to the Spanish War of Independence as the Spanish people rebelled against French rule. The Central Council was formed in Cadiz in 1810 to coordinate the resistance and eventually established the Constitution of 1812, one of the most progressive in Europe at the time, establishing principles of popular sovereignty, separation of powers, and equal rights.
20th century Spain
Spain in the 20th century experienced the reign of King Alfonso XIII, the dictatorship of Primo de Rivera from 1923-1930, and the Second Republic from 1931-1939 which established rights for both genders and separation of church and state. A civil war from 1936-1939 resulted in victory for rebel forces led by Franco, beginning a dictatorship until 1975. Franco centralized power under a single authoritarian regime that prohibited opposition and favored Catholicism. In the 1970s, protests increased and upon Franco's death in 1975, Spain transitioned to a democratic constitutional monarchy through a process known as the Transition.
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Spain under franco's rule
Under General Francisco Franco's dictatorship from 1939 to 1975, Spain experienced repression, censorship, and lack of freedoms. The government banned international trade and prohibited protests, uncensored press, and works like films and books deemed immoral. While the economy improved later through tourism, starvation and rationing were common after the civil war due to widespread poverty and the authoritarian regime's tight controls.
Unidad 4 para subir
Spain experienced several political changes in the 20th century. In the early 1900s, Alfonso XIII became King but was later overthrown in 1923 by Primo de Rivera's coup. This led to the establishment of the Second Republic from 1931-1936, which established democracy. However, the Spanish Civil War broke out from 1936-1939 after Franco led a coup against the Republican government. The nationalists, led by Franco, defeated the Republicans, leading to Franco establishing a dictatorship from 1939-1975.
Amadeo i marcos sánchez
Amadeo I was the only king of Spain called by that name. He ruled from 1871 to 1873 but faced many problems, including an uprising for Cuban independence, uprisings by Carlists in the Basque Country and Catalonia, and by republicans who wanted Spain to become a republic instead of a monarchy. Additionally, the Catholic Church did not support him because he had confiscated and sold Church properties, and he was unpopular because he was seen as a foreigner from Italy who did not speak Spanish well. His reign was further complicated by the assassination of General Juan Prim, who had played a key role in making Amadeo king.
Spain in the late 19th century II
During the Restoration period in Spain from 1875-1923:
- King Alfonso XII ruled as a constitutional monarch from 1875-1885 and brought greater stability, though political parties disliked the system of electoral fraud.
- Antonio Cánovas del Castillo organized a new political system called the turno pacífico based on two dominant political parties, but it relied on pre-determining election results.
- Economic prosperity occurred but Basque and Catalan nationalism grew in opposition to the unfair political arrangements.
Spain in the 20th century, from dictatorship to democracy
The Spanish Civil War began in 1936 when General Francisco Franco led a military coup against the Spanish Republic. Spain was divided between Franco's Nationalists and the Republicans who supported the Republic. The Nationalists were victorious in 1939 and Franco established a dictatorship that lasted until his death in 1975. Under Franco, Spain experienced repression, lack of freedoms, and economic struggles until the 1960s. In 1969 Franco chose Prince Juan Carlos as his successor. After Franco's death in 1975, Juan Carlos oversaw Spain's transition to democracy, which was solidified with a new constitution approved in 1978.
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The first and the second republic alejandro, iván h. pedro y álex
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Spain in the 20th century, from dictatorship to democracy
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Is Email Marketing Really Effective in 2024?
Yes, Email Marketing is still a great method for direct marketing.
Slide 2
In this article we will cover:
- What is Email Marketing?
- Pros and cons of Email Marketing.
- Tools available for Email Marketing.
- Ways to make Email Marketing effective.
Slide 3
What Is Email Marketing?
Using email to contact customers is called Email Marketing. It's a quiet and effective communication method. Mastering it can significantly boost business. In digital marketing, two long-term assets are your website and your email list. Social media apps may change, but your website and email list remain constant.
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10. Review Request Emails
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Advantages Of Email Marketing
1. Cost-Effective: Cheaper than other methods.
2. Easy: Simple to learn and use.
3. Targeted Audience: Reach your exact audience.
4. Detailed Messages: Convey clear, detailed messages.
5. Non-Disturbing: Less intrusive than social media.
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Email Marketing Strategy
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3. Respect your customers.
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4. Newsletter Circulation
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