This presentation give an overview about demand side management and end-use efficiency for electricity supply systems. It was prepared for energy auditor training in Nepal in the context of GIZ/NEEP programme. For further information go to EEC webpage: http://eec-fncci.org/
with the help of web based power quality monitoring system we can control and manage the data flow of electrical quantity and control the improve the quality of the power system in grid
This document discusses energy efficient motors and provides details on various factors that affect their efficiency. It describes how energy efficient motors have efficiencies 4-6% higher than standard motors due to design improvements that reduce losses. These improvements include using more copper to lower resistance, thinner steel laminations, and optimized slots. The document also covers motor loading calculations, effects of voltage variations, the importance of proper maintenance during energy audits, and methods for improving power factor and controlling motor speed to match varying loads.
Demand side management (DSM) refers to modifying consumer electricity demand through methods like financial incentives and education to reduce costs, improve the environment, and enhance reliability. DSM aims to maximize efficiency to delay new power plant construction. It is driven by cost reduction, environmental concerns, and the need to shift demand away from peak times. DSM methods include time-of-use pricing, efficient appliances and lighting, and load control devices that shift appliance use out of peak periods in response to signals. DSM provides benefits to customers through reduced bills, utilities through lower costs and improved operations, and society through decreased environmental impacts and conserved resources.
This slide presents an introduction to microgrid. This is the second class for the subject 'Distribution Generation and Smart Grid'. Class wise I will provide all the discussions and analysis.
This presentation discusses demand side management (DSM) in the Indian power sector. It notes that while India has significantly increased its power generation capacity, demand continues to outpace supply, leading to energy deficits and load shedding. DSM aims to balance supply and demand through strategies like controlling energy usage during peak times and load levelling. Examples provided include interruptible loads and incentivizing off-peak usage. Barriers to DSM include a lack of public information and support mechanisms. The presentation outlines a DSM planning process and concludes that widespread adoption of DSM through energy efficiency, new technologies, and load management could help reduce load shedding issues caused by current energy and peak power shortages.
This document discusses distributed generation (DG), also known as on-site power generation located near the load. DG provides benefits to end-users, distribution utilities, and power producers. It examines various DG technologies like reciprocating engines, combustion turbines, fuel cells, and renewables. The document also covers interface options with the utility grid, power quality issues, operating conflicts, and the role of DG in smart grids and rural electrification as supported by India's government policies.
HVDC transmission was first used commercially in 1954 between Sweden and an island. It allows for bulk power transmission over long distances and undersea cables. HVDC systems use converters to change AC to DC and back. Components include smoothing reactors, filters, and electrodes. Configurations include monopolar, bipolar, and back-to-back links. Control is done by firing angle adjustment and tap changing. Advantages are long distance transmission and connecting unsynchronized grids, while disadvantages are costly converters and circuit breakers.
Representation of short & medium transmission linesvishalgohel12195
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This document discusses the classification and modeling of overhead transmission lines. It notes that short transmission lines only consider resistance and inductance due to their lower voltages and distances. Medium and long transmission lines must account for capacitance effects. The document presents models for short lines using lumped resistance and inductance and models for medium lines using end condenser, nominal T, and nominal Ī methods which lump the distributed capacitance for simplified analysis. It also discusses voltage regulation and transmission efficiency calculations.
An energy meter measures the amount of electrical energy consumed over time using kilowatt-hours. There are two main types: electro-mechanical and electronic. Electro-mechanical meters use a rotating disc to measure usage, but have errors, while electronic meters use digital circuits for more accurate and tamper-resistant readings. Future meters will have remote reading capabilities and allow time-of-day pricing to encourage off-peak usage. Meters are tested using specialized equipment and procedures to check for accuracy and compliance. Tampering methods can be detected by modern meters' sensors and digital components.
This presentation was used in Euro Arab Training Course âSMART GRID AND INTEGRATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGYâ. The course took place 25 â 29 April 2016
The document discusses the smart grid, which aims to address issues with today's electrical grid such as blackouts and one-way communication. It introduces the concept of adding "intelligence infrastructure" like smart meters, transmission upgrades, energy storage, and networked appliances. This smart infrastructure enables features like demand response, distributed generation, electric vehicles, optimized asset use, and problem detection. Key components are discussed in more detail, including smart meters, electric vehicles, and potential partners for building smart grid cities. The conclusion outlines how the smart grid facilitates changes to electricity production, transmission and consumption while supporting environmental and customer control goals.
The concept of FACTS (Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System) refers to a family of power electronics-based devices able to enhance AC system controllability and stability and to increase power transfer capability.
This document discusses smart grids and the role of advanced metering infrastructure in India. It notes that India has one of the weakest electrical grids in the world with high transmission losses. A smart grid uses communication and information technologies to better manage electricity distribution and demand. Advanced metering infrastructure is a key component, allowing two-way communication between utilities and customers to provide energy usage data and enable demand response programs. This can help improve grid reliability and efficiency while empowering consumers.
Electricity Markets Regulation - Lesson 8 - PricingLeonardo ENERGY
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Once the revenue requirements are established they should be converted into tariff systems. This session explains the major economic principles of electricity pricing and the general pricing models using average and marginal costs. Moreover the session explores the major pricing models for the electricity activities including: generation, transmission, distribution and retail activities.
* Pricing principles : economic efficiency - cost recovery
* General pricing models : average cost pricing - marginal cost pricing
* Cost allocation issue
* Pricing for different activities in the electricity industry : generation pricing - transmission pricing - distribution pricing - retail supply pricing
This document provides an overview of smart grids. It discusses how smart grids use digital technology to save energy, reduce costs, and increase reliability by allowing for two-way communication between utilities and customers. Key benefits of smart grids include more choices for consumers and utilities, better integration of renewable energy, improved power quality and customer service, increased grid efficiency and resilience, and greater utilization of system assets. The document also outlines some of the core components and technologies that make up a smart grid system.
1) Traditional electromechanical meters have issues like drift over time and temperature that digital smart meters improve on. Smart meters allow for automated and remote reading to improve efficiency.
2) Advanced Metering Infrastructure involves integrating smart meters, communication networks, and data management systems to allow two-way communication between utilities and customers. This enables features like time-of-use pricing and remote service disconnects.
3) Key components of AMI include smart meters, wide area communication networks, home area networks connected to devices, and meter data management systems to aggregate and analyze usage data.
Role of storage in smart grid
Different types of storage technologies
USE OF BATTERIES IN GRID
TYPES OF BATTERIES
SMES {SUPERCONDUCTING MAGNETIC ENERGY STORAGE}
Communication, Measurement and Monitoring Technologies for Smart Grid
Real time pricing
Smart Meters
CLOUD Computing
cyber security for smart grid
Phasor Measurement Units (PMU)
The document discusses maximum power point tracking (MPPT) for photovoltaic systems. It begins with an introduction to MPPT and explains that MPPT is an algorithm included in solar charge controllers to extract the maximum available power from PV modules under different operating conditions. It then provides details on various MPPT techniques like perturb and observe method and incremental conductance method. The document also presents the mathematical model and system modeling of an MPPT system and discusses the advantages of using MPPT to increase energy extraction from solar panels.
Burners and combustion system for the reheat furnaces for small and medium ro...Shirish Karve
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The document discusses the benefits of using combination firing of lean and rich fuels in reheat furnaces for small and medium steel mills. It notes that fuel costs are rising rapidly and many mills flare blast furnace gas that could be used as fuel. Combination firing helps achieve uniform soaking temperatures, less scale loss, reliability, fuel economy, and flexibility. While retrofitting existing furnaces with gas burners can work for some applications, truly uniform heating requires combination firing burners that can use both fuels to control temperatures across the charge. This approach minimizes expensive fuel use while allowing high production levels. Several mills in India have successfully adopted this strategy.
End splitting during long products rolling billet quality of rolling processJorge Madias
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End splitting occurs because the material being rolled has not enough ductility to withstand the stress to which it is submitted. This may happens for different reasons. Coarse cracks in the billet end, like central or diagonal cracks, weakens the end, particularly when the plane where are located coincides in part with the symmetry plane between rolls. Hot ductility of steel depends on the one hand of their intrinsic features, and on the other hand, on the temperature at which they suffer the stress, and its speed.
It is important to roll the steel within the range of higher ductility at a given deformation speed. This is more critical for steels with inherent low ductility as those containing high sulfur.
The role of MnS stringers is also clear; having S controlled at the lower level of the specification is favorable. Nevertheless it is worth to mention that if caster condition is proper and excessive thermal/mechanical stresses do not arise, very high Mn/S ratio is not necessary.
Bar ends loss temperature faster. Another factor is roll cooling, it has to be correctly oriented, not excessive and keeping the position along the processing time.
In other factors experimental and modeling results are apparently controversial. There is coincidence in the fact that more friction between bar and rolls promotes splitting, but not in factors like roll diameter and reduction.
On the basis of pilot rolling results, plane, box-box, square to round and oval to round passes are favorable to avoid splitting, while oval to square promotes splitting.
Billet defects pinhole and blowhole formation prevention and evolutionJorge Madias
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Pin holes as a surface defect, and blow holes as an inner defect, occur in billet / bloom / beam blank casting, particularly for Si-Mn killed steel cast with metering nozzle and oil lubrication. If they are present in abundance or have a large size, they may originate defects in the rolled products. Their characteristics, factors behind their formation, as well as usual processing conditions that promote their occurrence are discussed. Finally, the evolution of these defects during reheating and rolling is analyzed, with industrial examples
A presentation on furnaces and refractories by stead fast engineerssteadfast123
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A presentation on furnaces and refractories by stead fast engineers. Stead Fast Engineers Pvt Ltd one of the Leading manufacturers of Induction Furnace in India. find here Induction heater,Induction Melting furnace,
Induction heating system,Induction Billet heater for your sourcing needs.
This document provides information about the design of furnaces for chemical engineering plant design. It begins with contact information for the course instructor and then provides recommendations for reference books on topics like process heat transfer and plant design economics. The document outlines different types of furnaces and their basic construction. It discusses heat transfer mechanisms like radiation and convection in furnaces. Methods for designing furnaces are presented, including Lobo and Evan's method which involves calculating an overall heat transfer coefficient and radiation flux. An example application of the Lobo and Evan's method is provided to design the radiant section of a furnace given specifications like total heat duty and tube dimensions.
Leading Manufacturer & Supplier of Industrial Furnace like aluminium melting furnace, Industrial Heat Treatment Furnace, Bogie hearth furnace, Pit type furnace, Rotary Furnace etc. from South India
This presentation explains how to improve energy efficiency of industrial furnaces. It was prepared for energy auditor training in Nepal in the context of GIZ/NEEP programme. For further information go to EEC webpage: http://www.eec-fncci.org
An electric induction furnace uses electromagnetic induction to melt metals through eddy currents induced in the material. It has several advantages over combustion furnaces like faster startup times, more flexibility, and cleaner melting without byproducts. The document describes the basic principles of electromagnetic induction and joule heating used in induction furnaces. It provides details on the construction, types, advantages, and limitations of induction furnaces.
Business Plan Sample - Great Example For Anyone Writing a Business PlanThe Business Plan Team
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We are often asked for an example of a professional business plan. Here is one for a Technology (Hosting) company that we did 3 - 4 years ago which enabled the owner to secure an exit from the business. In terms of structure it is fairly typical of any business plan. However, there are some specific issues that you should address for a technology business that de-risks the plan for investors which a business plan writer should include. There is a post about this on our blog http://thebusinessplanteam.blogspot.co.uk.
If you are writing your own plan go to this section on our web-site where you can find links to affordable software here: http://www.thebusinessplanteam.co.uk/buy-business-plan-software.html
Alternatively, if you are looking for help developing your business plan and are looking to engage a business plan writer or business plan consultant take a look at some tips about how to select a consultant we have listed out here: http://www.thebusinessplanteam.co.uk/business-planning-consultants.html. You can also reach us on 0845 026 0198 if you would like to see how we can help.
The document discusses various tolerances for dimensions, form, orientation, and runout as defined by the ASME Y14.5M-1994 standard. It provides examples of how to apply tolerances for straightness, flatness, circularity, cylindricity, angularity, perpendicularity, parallelism, and circular runout. For each tolerance type, it defines the condition being controlled, shows examples of tolerance zones, and explains how to measure and apply the tolerance.
Pitching Ideas: How to sell your ideas to othersJeroen van Geel
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Learn how to convince others of your UX ideas by understanding them.
We are good in designing usable and engaging products and services. We understand the user's needs and have a toolkit with dozens of deliverables. But for some reason it remains difficult to sell an idea or concept to team members, managers or clients. After this session that problem will be solved!
Selling your ideas and convincing others is one of the most undervalued assets in our field. This ranges from convincing a colleague to use a certain design pattern to selling research to your boss and convincing a client to go for your concept. You can come up with the best ideas in the world, but if it is presented in the wrong way these ideas will die a lonely dead. This is sad, because everybody can learn how to bring a message across. The main thing is that you know what to pay attention to.
In this session I will take you on a journey through the world of presenting ideas. We will move through the heads of clients and your colleagues, learn what their thoughts and needs are. We will move to the core of your idea and into the world of psychology.
Your welcome email (or lack thereof) sets the tone for the email marketing relationship you have with your subscribersâmake sure it's sending the right message!
How to Pitch B2B? Do you have an awesome product? Doing the same old sales presentation? Improve your pitch by following these 9 steps and win more business.
The 150 Most Powerful Marketing & Sales ToolsBrian Downard
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Does your marketing and sales need a boost? ELIV8 created this huge list to show you the best online marketing and sales tools available today.
In the list youâll find a variety of tools with a wide range of applications. For example; content marketing, analytic tools and customer relationship management.
This document summarizes a talk on energy management. It discusses how energy management involves planning, organizing, executing, monitoring and controlling energy use through an integrated process. An energy audit analyzes how energy is used and identifies opportunities for improved efficiency. Metrics like energy used per unit of production are key to energy management. Standards like ISO 50001 provide guidelines for establishing energy management systems. Regular measurement and monitoring are essential to demonstrate continual energy performance improvement.
Energy auditing, monitoring& targeting, and managementkiranpatilsjce
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This document summarizes the key findings from an energy audit conducted at a flour milling plant. The audit found that milling and grinding processes accounted for 44% of the plant's energy consumption. Various energy saving proposals were identified, including installing an energy monitoring system, converting motors from delta to star configuration, adding variable speed drives, and replacing aging motors with more efficient models. Implementing these recommendations could result in annual energy savings of over 100,000 kWh and payback periods of less than 2 years for most proposals. The audit concludes with recommendations to optimize processes to reduce energy usage throughout the facility.
Finding financing for industrial energy efficiency & chpTNenergy
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This document discusses finding financing for industrial energy efficiency and combined heat and power (CHP) projects. It provides an overview of the U.S. Department of Energy's Clean Energy Application Centers, which promote CHP, waste heat recovery, and district energy technologies. Examples are given of various CHP applications in industrial processing facilities, office buildings, hospitals, and food processing plants. The benefits of CHP include reducing energy costs and capacity needs while lowering emissions. Areas to consider in analyzing costs and benefits include discount rates, hourly marginal costs, regional cost differences, and accounting for wholesale market impacts.
This document evaluates distributed renewable energy generation options for rural electrification projects in Africa's Great Lakes region. It analyzes the potential resources, technology options, and performs a life-cycle cost analysis. The results found micro-hydro to have the lowest life-cycle cost, followed by wind and solar PV. Grid extension had a higher cost than off-grid renewables due to infrastructure requirements. This study aims to identify the most suitable and cost-effective small-scale renewable energy solutions for powering rural health centers, water pumping, and schools in the region.
This document discusses energy audits and provides information on related topics. It defines an energy audit, describes the objectives and types of energy audits. It also discusses benchmarking, energy conservation opportunities, and instruments used in energy audits. Conversion factors and the Energy Conservation Act are outlined. Methodology, steps, and components of preliminary and detailed energy audits are summarized.
A New Solution to Improve Power Quality of Renewable Energy Sources Smart Gri...iosrjce
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This document summarizes a research article that proposes a new solution to improve power quality from renewable energy sources in smart grids while also considering carbon footprint as a new element. The article presents a prototype carbon footprint control sub-protocol for a microbial fuel cell micro-grid setup that aims to minimize carbon footprint during electricity generation and distribution in order to meet climate change goals of improving power quality and efficiency in a sustainable way. Experimental results from a simulation of a five-level cascaded H-bridge inverter confirm that the proposed approach can significantly reduce computational efforts needed for voltage vector selection without impacting system performance or effectiveness.
This document summarizes a research article that proposes a new solution to improve power quality from renewable energy sources in smart grids while also considering carbon footprint as a new element. The article presents a prototype carbon footprint control sub-protocol for a microbial fuel cell micro-grid setup that aims to minimize carbon footprint during power quality improvements. Simulation and experimental results for a five-level H-bridge inverter confirm that the proposed approach can help manage goals to enhance electricity quality and efficiency while reducing carbon footprint impacts.
The document discusses the importance of energy conservation as the best alternative energy option available. It outlines a two-step program implemented by the Energy Conservation Department to encourage energy saving behaviors through technical assistance and audits of industrial and commercial facilities. The program involves general analysis and complete energy audits to identify recommendations to save energy through improvements to lighting, motors, air compressors and other systems. Successful implementation of recommendations at some facilities resulted in over 1MW of power savings.
[Oil & Gas White Paper] Optimizing Pipeline Energy ConsumptionSchneider Electric
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Effective energy management can benefit the hydrocarbon pipeline operator. Energy consumption costs â the leading expense for most operators â are rising continuously; however, the commitments needed on the part of the operator often impede implementation of energy-saving practices.
Key to effective energy management is the ability to quantify energy consumption accurately at any specific time and its cost and that of drag reducing agent (DR) use. Operators committed to energy management can implement a real-time, system-wide power optimization solution that evaluates the resource efficiency of a steady-state model of the pipeline. This solution will also perform costing runs of alternative configurations, formulated for the next energy cost rate or other âwhat ifâ scenarios, in order to find the most energy-efficient alternative that maintains operational safety and integrity. Implementing these alternatives, the operator can save one percent to five percent of energy costs and reduce carbon emissions.
This advanced information management technology makes these costing considerations so practical they can become a routine, real-time operations process. Putting available information to work with this solution can make power optimization extremely realistic and highly rewarding for the company while supporting overall operational security, safety and environmental stewardship.
Roadmap for distribution loss reduction.. a step by step approachD.Pawan Kumar
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The document outlines a 15-step roadmap for distribution companies in South Asia to reduce losses through initiatives like conducting consumer surveys, reviewing meter ratings, introducing smart meters and data systems, digitizing network assets, optimizing networks through actions like phase balancing and DTR sizing, conducting energy audits, and adopting IT systems. The applicable elements may vary between companies based on their current loss levels and needs, and ongoing adoption of the practices is needed for sustainability.
An overview of Demand Side Management with a concept of demand and supply in Power Distribution with Demand Response and Energy Efficiency in adherence to Indian Installation Capacity
Kenyaâs main electricity producer walks us through their efforts in energy efficiency including their 2010 CFL program and other energy management projects.
Top 10 Products That Save Money - David McDougall, EnerNOCMassRecycle
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Presentation delivered at MassRecycle's 4th Annual Green Office / Green Facility Conference, Bentley University, June 15, 2010. Get invited to next yearâs conference by signing up to MassRecycleâs free email newsletter at www.massrecycle.org.
The document discusses energy audits and provides details about conducting an energy audit at a milk plant. It describes the goals of energy audits as minimizing costs for energy, operations, repairs, and increasing environmental quality. The document outlines the methodology for preliminary and detailed energy audits, including data collection, measurements, analysis, and post-audit presentations. It also provides a case study of an energy audit conducted at a milk plant, identifying areas for savings through improvements to boilers, air compressors, and illumination systems.
This document summarizes an energy audit practitioner course on electrical distribution systems and load management. It discusses the generation and transmission of electricity, single and three-phase AC circuits, star and delta connections, active and reactive power, power factor correction using capacitors, benefits of power factor correction for companies and utilities, load factor calculation and strategies to manage peak demand including load shifting and use of on-site generation. Case studies are presented on power factor penalty charges, power factor analysis of a company, and peak/off-peak timing analysis to improve load factor.
The document discusses life cycle cost (LCC) analysis for sustainable buildings. LCC considers all relevant costs over the life of a building, including initial costs, operation and maintenance costs, replacement costs, and disposal costs. It can show that technologies like daylighting and efficient lighting that have higher upfront costs may be more cost effective over the long term due to energy savings and lower maintenance. An example LCC analysis compares the total costs of different lighting options over 20 years and finds that LED lights have the lowest lifetime costs despite higher initial costs. Uncertainties in LCC include predicting future energy prices and technology changes. While useful, LCC is not the only consideration in building design as factors like aesthetics are harder to quantify
Industrial energy auditing and reportingVignesh Sekar
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Industrial Energy Audit is defined as the verification, monitoring and analysis of energy use including submission of technical report containing all the recommendations for improving energy efficiency with cost analysis and an action plan to reduce consumption
frequency regulation of deregulated power system having grc integrated with r...Yedukondalachari B
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frequency regulation of deregulated power system having grc integrated with renewable source project first review, it is the one of the best power system project
Similar to Electricity Demand Side Management and End-use efficiency (20)
Result of Baseline Study of Selected Sector Industries to assess the Potentia...eecfncci
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Nepalese industries offer a huge potential to cut production cost by using energy more efficiently. It is estimated that around 15% of electrical and 30% of thermal energy could be saved in eight energy intensive industrial sector. This presentation contains the result of a study conducted by German Development Cooperation (GIZ) among 200 Nepalese industries in 2012.
OVERVIEW OF COGENERATION OPPORTUNITIES IN NEPALESE SUGAR SECTOR eecfncci
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This document provides an overview of cogeneration opportunities in the Nepalese sugar sector. It discusses how cogeneration works by using fuel to generate both steam for industrial processes and electricity. The sugar sector in Nepal is described, including annual sugarcane production and bagasse production. Current practices and configurations in sugar plants are outlined. The document proposes upgrading to higher pressure boilers and turbines to increase power generation potential. Estimates suggest upgrading several plants could generate over 50 MW of surplus power for the grid. Interventions to realize this cogeneration potential are recommended, such as feasibility studies, assessing utility benefits, and developing incentive programs.
Electricity Demand Side Management (DSM) and End-use Efficiencyeecfncci
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This presentation explains the concept of Electical Demand Side Management and shows how to implement it in industries. It was prepared for energy auditor training in Nepal in the context of GIZ/NEEP programme. For further information go to EEC webpage: http://www.eec-fncci.org
Energy Efficiency in Diesel Generator Operationeecfncci
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Diesel generators are highly consuming equipment in Nepalese industry. This presentation explains how to operate Diesel Gensets efficiently. It was prepared for energy auditor training in Nepal in the context of GIZ/NEEP programme. For further information go to EEC webpage: http://www.eec-fncci.org
This presentation explains how to improve energy efficiency in lighting systems. It was prepared for energy auditor training in Nepal in the context of GIZ/NEEP programme. For further information go to EEC webpage: http://www.eec-fncci.org
EEC Factsheet: Energy Efficiency for Cold Storage in Nepaleecfncci
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This fact-sheet summarizes energy saving potentials in Nepalese cold storage sector. It also give information on monetary savings by implementing energy audit and energy efficiency options in the industries. The fact-sheet is based on the findings of "Baseline Study of Selected Sector Industries to assess the Potentials for more Efficient use of Energy in Nepal" conducted by GIZ/NEEP Program in 2012.
EEC Factsheet: Energy Efficiency for Brick Industries in Nepaleecfncci
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This fact-sheet summarizes energy saving potentials in Nepalese brick sector. It also give information on monetary savings by implementing energy audit and energy efficiency options in the industries. The fact-sheet is based on the findings of "Baseline Study of Selected Sector Industries to assess the Potentials for more Efficient use of Energy in Nepal" conducted by GIZ/NEEP Program in 2012
Energy efficiency in Refrigeration Systemseecfncci
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HVAC and refrigeration systems consume a lot of electricity in Nepalese Industries. Therefore, improving the efficiency of these systems can lead to huge cost savings. This presentation was held in the context of energy auditor training in Nepal in 2012 that was supported GIZ/NEEP Programme.
Improving Energy Efficiency of Pumps and Fanseecfncci
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Pumps and Fans are energy consuming equipment that can be found in almost all Industries. Therefore, it is important to check if they are running efficiently. This presentation give an overview about energy saving opportunities in pump and fan equipment. It was prepared in the context of energy auditor training in Nepal in the context of GIZ/NEEP programme. For further information go to EEC webpage: http://eec-fncci.org/
The document discusses energy efficiency in Nepalese industries. It notes that industries face challenges of unreliable electricity, expensive fuel, and aged technology. The Energy Efficiency Center (EEC) was established under the Nepalese Energy Efficiency Programme to provide energy auditing and technical services to industries. To date, the EEC has conducted audits of 22 industries and identified potential electrical savings of 15-25% and thermal savings of 20-30%. The long-term strategy is to continue providing these services and building capacity to promote sustainable energy efficiency.
Energy Audit in the Dairy Industry - Sitaram Gokul Dairy Nepaleecfncci
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This document summarizes an energy audit conducted at Sita Ram Gokul Milk in Kathmandu, Nepal. The audit identified opportunities to reduce waste and improve energy efficiency in areas like waste water management, energy usage, insulation, and equipment upgrades. Recommendations included installing trigger nozzles, timers, high pressure cleaners, and modifying CIP facilities to reduce water waste. Upgrades to boilers, installing variable frequency drives, and recovering heat and condensate from processes were also recommended. The company has implemented some recommendations and is working to complete other proposed upgrades.
This Dairy Toolkit from Danfoss shown energy saving technologies and its application in dairy industries. It was used in the context of energy auditor training in Nepal in 2012 that was supported GIZ NEEP Programme.
Indian experiences on Energye Efficiency in Steel Rolling Millseecfncci
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Since the establishement of Bureau of Energy Efficiency in 2001 India has been implementing a lot of activities in energy-intensive sector. In Steel Rolling Mills with low-end and high-end technolgies considerable energy and cost sanvings can be achieved. The presentation was prepared in the Context of GIZ NEEP programm in Nepal in 2012.
Energy Efficiency in Steel Rolling Mills of Nepaleecfncci
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This document provides an overview of energy efficiency opportunities in the steel rolling sector in Nepal. It discusses the current state of 14 rolling mill units in Nepal, including their electricity and fuel costs which account for around 3.24% of total costs. Potential areas for energy savings are identified, such as waste heat recovery systems, improving furnace designs and insulation, installing variable frequency drives, and replacing motors. The document presents two case studies of mills that implemented energy efficiency measures, such as minimizing gate opening times to reduce fuel consumption and installing an air pre-heater to capture waste heat, resulting in annual fuel savings of over Rs. 760,000 with a payback period of just 0.6 years. Motor replacement projects also achieved
Energy Saving Potentials in Pulp & Paper Sector in Nepaleecfncci
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This presentation provides detailed information about energy saving opportunties in Pulp and Paper industries in Nepal. The current status of this sectors is shown and major energy saving opportunties are explained. The findings are based on a GIZ baseline study conducted in 200 industries in 2012.
Indian Experience on Energy Efficiency in Hotel Sectoreecfncci
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This presentation gives an introduction about energy efficiency activities in India's Hotel Sector and shows technology options to realize energy saaving potentials. It was presentation in a interaction workshop with Hotel bussiness people in Kathmandu, Nepal, in 2012.
Energy Efficiency Potential in Food & Beverage Industries in Nepaleecfncci
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This presentation provides detailed information about energy saving opportunties in food and beverage sector in Nepal. The status of various subsectors is shown and major energy saving opportunties are explained. The findings are based on a GIZ baseline study conducted in 200 industries in 2012.
Adaptation of Energy Efficiency in Nepalese brick industryeecfncci
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This presentation provides detailed information about energy saving opportunties in brick kilns in Nepal. It explains the brick making process and show energy saving opportunties The findings are based on a GIZ study conducted in 200 industries in 2012.
Integrating Kafka with MuleSoft 4 and usecaseshyamraj55
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In this slides, the speaker shares their experiences in the IT industry, focusing on the integration of Apache Kafka with MuleSoft. They start by providing an overview of Kafka, detailing its pub-sub model, its ability to handle large volumes of data, and its role in real-time data pipelines and analytics. The speaker then explains Kafka's architecture, covering topics such as partitions, producers, consumers, brokers, and replication.
The discussion moves on to Kafka connector operations within MuleSoft, including publish, consume, commit, and seek, which are demonstrated in a practical demo. The speaker also emphasizes important design considerations like connector configuration, flow design, topic management, consumer group management, offset management, and logging. The session wraps up with a Q&A segment where various Kafka-related queries are addressed.
Sonkoloniya is a web-based realtime code editor with hosting functionality developed by Subham Mandal from ONEprojukti. Sonkoloniya enables users to write and run HTML, CSS, and JavaScript code in real-time. It features a user-friendly interface with separate code editing panes, live preview, console output, and file management capabilities.
MAKE MONEY ONLINE Unlock Your Income Potential Today.pptxjanagijoythi
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In today's digital age, the internet offers unparalleled opportunities to
generate income and build financial independence from the comfort of
your home or anywhere with an internet connection. Whether you're a
student looking to earn extra cash, a stay-at-home parent seeking
flexible work options, or a professional aiming to diversify your income
streams, this book is your comprehensive guide to navigating the vast
landscape of online earning.
leewayhertz.com-Generative AI tech stack Frameworks infrastructure models and...alexjohnson7307
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Generative AI stands apart from traditional AI systems by its ability to autonomously produce content such as images, text, music, and more. Unlike other AI approaches that rely on supervised learning from labeled datasets, generative AI employs techniques like neural networks and deep learning to generate entirely new data based on patterns and examples it has been trained on. This ability to create rather than just analyze data opens up a plethora of applications across industries, making it a cornerstone of innovation in todayâs AI landscape.
BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY - Advantages and DisadvantagesSAI KAILASH R
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Explore the advantages and disadvantages of blockchain technology in this comprehensive SlideShare presentation. Blockchain, the backbone of cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, is revolutionizing various industries by offering enhanced security, transparency, and efficiency. However, it also comes with challenges such as scalability issues and energy consumption. This presentation provides an in-depth analysis of the key benefits and drawbacks of blockchain, helping you understand its potential impact on the future of technology and business.
The Impact of the Internet of Things (IoT) on Smart Homes and CitiesArpan Buwa
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The Internet of Things (IoT) has revolutionized both smart homes and cities by interconnecting devices and systems, enabling automation, efficiency, and enhanced quality of life. In smart homes, IoT devices like smart thermostats, lights, and appliances offer remote control and energy management, while sensors provide security and monitoring. In smart cities, IoT facilitates traffic management, waste management, and environmental monitoring, optimizing resource usage and urban planning. Overall, IoT transforms traditional living spaces and urban landscapes into interconnected, efficient, and sustainable environments.
Ivantiâs Patch Tuesday breakdown goes beyond patching your applications and brings you the intelligence and guidance needed to prioritize where to focus your attention first. Catch early analysis on our Ivanti blog, then join industry expert Chris Goettl for the Patch Tuesday Webinar Event. There weâll do a deep dive into each of the bulletins and give guidance on the risks associated with the newly-identified vulnerabilities.
Use Cases & Benefits of RPA in Manufacturing in 2024.pptxSynapseIndia
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2. PRESSURE POINTS OF CONTEMPORARY
ELECTRIC UTILITIES:
ī Peak demand and energy crisis in many
utilities due to ever rising demand
supply gap
ī Need for optimization of generation
and network utilization
ī Regulator led energy efficiency
mandates
ī Strong lobbying from environmental
groups
ī Resource constraints and customer
demands for cheaper rates
ī Increased operational flexibility needs
ī Competition, thanks to reform process
and open access
3. TRADITIONAL UTILITY PLANNING
PROCESS, NEEDS & TOOLS
Supply side alternatives
Capital Costs
Fuel costs
Other O& M costs
Load
forecasting
Generation
Planning
Production
Costing
Financial
Analysis
Rate
Allocation
Iterate as
necessary
Need to Predict & Provide for:
Long Term Planning
More Lead time
Rising Costs
Environmental Impacts
Tools: Least Cost Planning
&
Demand Side Management
4. LEAST COST PLANNING:
âHow much energy efficiency could we achieve if all the
potential end-use energy efficiency were achieved which is
economically competitive with conventional forms of
energyâ--- Roger Sant W. -- The Energy Productivity Center
Four basic steps of Least Cost Planning(LCP)are:
īUnderstand how energy is used (end-use energy)
īIdentify technical potential of high end-use efficiency
īEvaluate the benefits and costs from societal perspective
īApply engineering & economic analysis
Introduced to persuade energy planners & policy makers that there
is sizeable potential to improve EUE with following considerations
âĸCustomer & Utility Considerations
âĸFinancial commitments involved
âĸProgram Implementation
âĸMonitoring & Evaluation
5. WHAT IS DEMAND SIDE MANAGEMENT ?
âDSM is planning, implementation & monitoring of Utility
activities designed to influence consumer use of electricity in
ways that will produce desired changes in the magnitude
and pattern of load either directly caused or indirectly
stimulated by the utility.â
---Clark W. Gellings, Electric Power Research Institute
Broad purview of DSM
ī will influence customer use
ī must achieve selected objectives
ī should be evaluated against non - DSM alternatives
ī identify customers response
ī evaluation process
How to achieve DSM?
âĸ Load Management
âĸ End Use efficiency Improvement
âĸ Development & Promoting EETâs.
6. DSM LINKAGES-INDUSTRY SECTOR
Peak Clipping
Valley Filling
Load Shifting
Strategic
Conservation
Strategic Load
Growth
Flexible Load
Shape
P.F and LF
Improvement
Lighting system
Process utilities
Process
modernization
Drives
Furnaces
Devices & controls
Specific menu of
energy efficient
technologies to
match each end
use option
Alternative
pricing like TOU
tariffs
Regulatory
measures
Incentives for
EETâs
Energy Service
Companies
promotion
Designing
customized DSM
programs
Utility Load
Shape
Objectives
DSM Implementation
Methods
Industry sector
potential End
Uses
DSM
Technology
Options
7. DSM FRAME WORK
DSM OBJECTIVES
DEFINED/REDEFINED
DSM ALTERNATIVES
IDENTIFIED
DSM PROGRAM
IMPLIMENTED
DSM PROGRAM
MONITORING
DSM EVALUATION
& SELECTION
8. BROAD OPTIONS AND TECHNOLOGIES
FOR INDUSTRIAL DSM
ī Tariff and revenue related
īļ Static metering, reactive power billing, maximum demand
charges, TOU tariffs, incentives etc.
ī Low /medium cost technical retrofits in:
īļ Plant/Process utilities, drive side modernization ,furnace controls
and automation.
ī Illumination system improvement options including:
īļ LEDs, CFLs, low loss ballast's, microprocessor based controls,
high efficiency reflectors etc.
ī New plant / large capital measures
īļ Process r & m, retrofits, adoption of distributed controls,
automation etc.
ī Energy Management Techniques
īļ monitoring & targeting, EM staff training & motivation,
mandating and sponsoring energy audits
9. EVALUATION OF DSM OPTIONS
ī As seen from the above, various identified end use
efficiency,DSM measures, offering energy and demand
saving opportunities qualify to be assessed for supply side
impact, benefits and costs,(as cost of saved capacity and
cost of saved energy).The results relate to local utility
attributes and considerations .
ī These are then compared with alternative, corresponding,
supply (utility) side costs of capacity addition and long
run marginal cost of generation.
ī Only those options of DSM are shortlisted, which are
cheaper than supply side costs.
ī To arrive at cost of saved capacity CSC,and cost of saved
energy, following relations, criteria can be adopted.
10. RELATIONS AND CRITERIAâĻ..
Âģ Capital recovery factor (CRF)
= d à (1 + d)n
/ [(1 + d)n
- 1]
where d = utility discount rate & n = measure life
Âģ Total DSM measure cost
= initial cost à [ 1 + (1/(1+d/100)m
) + (1/(1+d/100)2m
+
âĻ...)
where d = utility discount rate & m = device life &
the series includes all terms where exponent is less than
the measure life
Âģ Cost of saved capacity (CSC) Rs/kW or Rs/kVA=
(Total measure cost (Rs))
((Saved capacity kVA or kW Ã PCF) / (1-TDLF) (CUF))
Âģ Cost of saved energy (CSE) Rs/kWh=
(Total measure cost (Rs) Ã CRF)
(Annual Energy Savings (kWh))
11. âĻ...RELATIONS AND CRITERIA
ī T & D loss factor of local HT & EHT segment for measures
relates to HT or EHT segment end use = TDLF (HT)
ī T & D loss factor of local LT segment for measures relates
to LT segment end use= TDLF (LT)
ī Capacity utilization factor (CUF)is also PLF of the local
power plants.(A low CUF say in hydro power plants as
against base load thermal plants can influence measure
cost benefits)
ī Peak Coincidence Factor (PCF), indicates proportion of
the end use equipment actually operational, during system
peak hours.
ī Utility discount rate, is denoted here as, d.
ī Each DSM measure cost is assessed for a measure life of 25
years, for parity with considered utility plant life in
account books, and equals the net present value of measure
cost for 25 years of measure life where m is number of
replacements within 25 years, and d is the discount rate.
12. NEXT STEPS IN DSM PROCESS:
ī Analyze and merit rate each of the choices, where the
cost of saved capacity & cost of saved energy of DSM
measure is less, as compared to cost of capacity
addition and long run marginal cost of
generation(being utility side SSM costs).
ī Once all the DSM interventions are merit rated, the
logical next step is the development of Detailed
Project Reports and plans for implementation of
short listed DSM interventions, in a programmatic
manner, adopting a standard project management
cycle.
13. ILLUSTRATIVE CASE STUDY OF DSM OPTION EVALUATIONâĻ..
(APPLICATION OF LIGHTING VOLTAGE REGULATORS IN
MUNICIPAL WATER PUMP HOUSES)
ī The Fluorescent tube manufacturers list the rated or nominal
wattage on any given tube as the objective wattage which the tube
should dissipate under prescribed conditions of operation.
ī The actual wattage, invariably higher, however depends upon
factors such as supply voltage.
ī A lighting voltage controller operates on the well known principle
that reduction in input power can be achieved by voltage
optimization without significant drop in light output.
ī A typical device operates by bringing in, an impedance across the
lighting circuit, to control supply voltage and current.
ī The lighting voltage controllers are modular in configuration and
can be used on lighting circuits and are applicable for Sodium
Vapor and Mercury vapor lamps as well.
ī Based on end user feedback, Energy Savings of 10% and Demand
Savings of 15% are envisaged through application of the Lighting
Voltage controllers.
14. īLighting System kW Load = 24
īPF of Lighting circuit = 0.85
īLighting system kVA Load = 28.2
īHours of annual operation = 8760 (indoor application)
īPeak coincidence factor = 1.0
īUtility discount rate = 0.09
īEnd User Electricity Cost = Rs.2.46/kWh
īDemand Charges = Rs.170/kVA
īCapital Recovery factor = 0.102
ī Transmission and Distribution Loss Factor for HT Industry (TDLF) = 0.3132
īCapacity Utilization Factor (CUF) = 0.725
īEnergy Savings (kWh) scope = 10%
īDemand Reduction (kVA) scope = 15%
īInvestment in Rs/kVA rating = 1800
īMeasure Life, Years = 25 Years
īDevice life, hours = 100,000
ī Total Measure Cost = Rs.71,144 ,being initial investment + discounted costs of
future replacements over measure life period
âĻ.APPLICATION ANALYSIS RESULTS IN A MUNICIPAL
WATER PUMPING STATIONâĻâĻ
15. īPresent annual energy consumption kWh = 181332
ī Annual electricity savings, kWh@ 10% = 18133
īAnnual Demand savings @ 15% = 4 kVA * 12 months
ī Rupee value of annual electricity (kWh) savings = Rs44608
ī Rupee worth of annual demand (kVA) savings = Rs8160
īTotal annual savings = Rs52768
ī Investment for lighting controller (Rs.1800/KVA*Lighting system kVA Load)
= 50800
īSimple Payback Period Years =
ī(Investment/Rupee value of annual electricity cost savings)
ī= less than 1 year
âĻEND USER COST BENEFITSâĻ..
16. Cost of Capacity saved (CSC) in Rs/kW=
(Total Measure Cost (Rs.)) / ((kW Capacity Saved*PCF)/ (1-TDLF)(CUF))
= (71144) /((2.4 * 1)/ (1-.3132)( 0.725))
= Rs. 14760 / kW
Cost of Energy Saved (CSE) in Rs. /kWh=
(Total Measure Cost(Rs.)*(CRF)/(Annual Electricity Savings in kWh)
= (71144 * 0.102)/(18133)
= Rs. 0.40 / kWh
īThe end user simple payback period of less than 1.0 Year, alongside attractive utility side
costs of Rs. 14760 per kW saved capacity ,as against utility side cost of Rs 40,000 per kW of
capacity addition; and, Rs0.40/kWh cost of saved energy, as against Rs 2.00/kWh average
utility cost of supply, render the DSM measure a win-win option.
īThe state Utility / DISCOM could develop a DSM program for all municipal pump houses
in its coverage area and incentivize stakeholders suitably.
īIt may be appreciated that a well designed DSM program can address energy efficiency
improvement at macro level, considering all local factors.
ī Analytics in an iterative manner, for sensitivity factors like peak coincidence factor,
TDLF,CUF, discount rate, can be attempted for customized, localized, program design for
various options.
âĻ..SUPPLY SIDE COSTS.
17. GENERIC DSM MEASURES IN LOAD
MANAGEMENT, PROCESS/PLANT
UTILITIES IN INDUSTRY SECTORâĻ
ī Power factor improvement
ī Conventional ballast's on
FTLâs replaced by low loss
ballasts
ī Adoption of energy efficient
CFLâs/LEDs ,Magnetic
induction lamps, LPSV, HPSV
lampsâĻ
ī Adoption of Lighting voltage
controllers
ī Motor Soft starters/Energy
savers adoption
ī Replacement of old pumps by
high efficiency pumps
ī Replacement of old fans by
high efficiency fans
ī Application of VSDâs, cogeneration
etc, for EE
ī Replacement of old compressors,
chillers, by energy efficient
compressors, chillers.
ī Distribution system upgrades in
water pumping, compressed air,
chilled water systems for EE
ī Material handling system upgrades
for EE.
ī Adoption of distributed control
systems, process automation for EE
ī Furnace, heater upgrades for EE.
ī Replacement of old rewound motors
by new high efficiency motors.
motorsâĻâĻâĻ
18. BARRIERS TO DSMâĻ
ī Limited Information & Awareness
ī Lack of adequate infrastructure
ī Perceived risk of implementing new EE technologies
ī Absence of codes/standards on EE.
ī Lack of reliable and credible service organizations that
can provide full range of project implementation services
ī Limited Availability Of Capital for financing EE Projects
ī High costs for consumers to implement EE projects
ī Administered energy tariffs which distort economics.
ī Absence of any regulatory mandate to review all options
on DSM & Supply Side Management to develop a least
cost capacity expansion plan
19. âĻ.BARRIERS TO DSM
ī Problems with quality of power
ī Lack of experience in planning, designing &
implementing DSM programs
ī Absence of load research information, databases
on energy end use segments, reliable data on
peak coincidence factors etc.
ī Lack of resources specifically allocated for EE
ī Lack of adequately skilled staff to initiate EE
measures
ī Inadequate participation and attention from
Govt. and policy makersâĻ.
20. ENABLERS FOR DSM MARKETS â A
WISH LIST:
ī Regulators and utilities start introducing the
concept of LCP,DSM in the power sector planning
frame work
ī Developing nations initiate programs on EE in
electricity generation, transmission, distribution
and industry sectors
ī Developing nations initiate design and adoption
of appropriate energy conservation laws and
regulations, efficiency standards & labeling,
rational electricity pricing and incentive schemes
for EE
ī Regulators and utilities initiate regular load
research and development of customer databases
on energy use and efficiency improvements for
analytics and planning.
ī Promotion of energy conservation through mass
media - based awareness campaigns
21. CONCLUSIONS
ī DSM is a viable, win-win cost effective alternative to SSM.
ī There is a good case for DISCOMs to develop customized
DSM programs for end users like industry clusters,
agricultural pump sector, municipal water pumping, street
lighting, PSU townships, industrial estates, special
economic zones, commercial buildings etc., due to diffused
yet significant bulk nature of these end user entities and
energy efficiency margins.
ī âĸDISCOMs may also consider developing customized DSM
programs, involving distribution upgrades, automation,
kVAh billing, static metering, TOD tariffs etc, to bridge
demand supply gaps efficiently, without revenue losses.
ī Current crunch times at utilities call for load research
and comprehensive re-visit to various end use segments for
structured DSM program design and implementation,
which could be highly cost effective, as against supply side
capacity augmentation initiatives.