Rural development in India has gone through 4 main stages since independence: 1) community development programs in the 1950s focused on increasing agricultural production but lacked local participation; 2) intensive agricultural development programs in the 1960s had a top-down approach and neglected small farmers; 3) integrated rural development programs from the 1970s aimed to directly benefit the poor; 4) modern programs now utilize NGOs, microfinance, and rural banking to empower local communities and reduce poverty. Overall, rural development remains essential for poverty alleviation in India given that most poor live in rural areas.
State Social Welfare Boards function in each state capital and union territory to implement schemes for women and children's welfare. Each board is headed by a renowned female social worker and includes members nominated by central and state governments. The chairperson plays an important role coordinating between the central board, state board, and state government. Key responsibilities include ensuring regular board meetings, representation across districts, and constitution of committees to oversee programs and finances.
This document discusses the role of cooperatives in economic and social development. It defines a cooperative as a jointly-owned enterprise run democratically to meet members' needs. Cooperatives provide economic benefits like preventing exploitation, equitable wealth distribution, and meeting urgent goods demands. They also have educational benefits like teaching democratic values and administration. Politically, cooperatives encourage local leadership and develop responsible citizens. Socially, they promote unity, responsibility and lessen tensions. Cooperatives help reduce poverty, promote social inclusion, create jobs, and foster fair globalization. They play an important role in India's agrarian economy by helping small farmers pool resources.
The community development program aims to improve quality of life through objectives like increasing agricultural production, reducing unemployment, and developing infrastructure, education, health, and housing. The benefits of such programs include improved access to services, economic opportunities, empowerment, and addressing issues like poverty. However, programs may face challenges like lack of funding, resistance to change, and inadequate community participation.
Participatory Rural Appraisal are more of Methods of Interacting with the people of villages, rural areas whose data and countings are rarely done, but need to be looked at, after all they contribute for the GDP. A branch of Extension Education, Each one should be Cared For and shouldn't be overlooked.
Poverty Alleviation Programmes; Area Development Programmes; Women Development Programmes; Agricultural Development Programmes Implemented By State Department Of Agriculture
The document discusses the concepts and history of community development in India. It explains that community development aims to promote better living through local participation and initiatives rather than outside charity. The community development program was launched in India in 1952 based on concepts from the United States, with the goal of improving rural livelihoods, education, health, and infrastructure through coordinated efforts across government departments.
The Central Social Welfare Board was established in 1953 by the Government of India under the Ministry of Education to act as a link between the government and the public on social welfare issues. It is headed by a Chairperson and works to empower women and children through various programs run by state social welfare boards. The state boards were set up in 1954 to coordinate welfare activities in their respective states and are autonomous bodies affiliated with the Central Social Welfare Board. They provide grants to NGOs and organizations working in social welfare, and conduct awareness campaigns on issues affecting women and children's rights and development.
The document summarizes several early rural development projects in India prior to independence in 1947. It describes projects started by individuals like Sir Daniel Hamilton's 1903 scheme of rural reconstruction in West Bengal. It also outlines government-led initiatives like the 1920 Gurgaon experiment in Punjab and the 1946 Firka Development Program in Madras. The objectives of these early efforts included increasing agricultural production, promoting education and sanitation, and improving economic and social conditions of rural communities.
This document discusses social welfare administration. It covers the importance of social welfare administration, functions like determining goals and policies, areas of administration like organization and planning, and principles such as meeting community needs. It also discusses personal policies, the responsibilities of executives, orientation and training, evaluation purposes and types, and report writing. The overall purpose is to explain how social welfare programs are administered effectively.
This document discusses community development in rural and urban contexts. It defines community development as an attempt to bring about social and economic transformation through collective citizen efforts. The key aspects covered include:
- The history and definitions of community development from planning commissions in India and other sources.
- The core goals of educating, enabling, and empowering communities to become self-reliant.
- Important community development programs in both rural and urban areas over time, and the roles of organizations like panchayati raj institutions.
- Methods used in rural community development like participatory rural appraisal to help communities plan and take action.
- The objectives and principles of rural and urban community development programs in
The National Rural Livelihoods Mission (NRLM) was launched in 2011 with the goal of alleviating poverty through self-managed self-help groups, financial inclusion, and sustainable livelihood opportunities. NRLM aims to cover 7 crore rural households across India. It focuses on social mobilization and building strong grassroots institutions through self-help groups. NRLM provides support structures at national, state, district and local levels to facilitate livelihood programs and access to financial services for rural communities.
This document discusses various participatory approaches used in extension work including rapid rural appraisal (RRA), participatory rural appraisal (PRA), participatory learning and action (PLA), participatory action research (PAR), participatory assessment, monitoring and evaluation (PAME), and farmer system research (FSR). It provides an overview of the concepts, origins, principles, tools, and uses of each approach. The goal is to actively involve rural communities in analysis, planning, implementation and evaluation of development programs through collaborative and democratic methods.
rural reconstruction BEFORE AND AFTER INDEPENDENCE AND SCHEMES gsb nethi
Rural reconstruction implies renovation of the villages for the total wellbeing of. the ruralites It is oriented to their social, economic and political development.
The principal objectives of rural reconstruction include
(a) eradication of poverty by means of regeneration of cottage industries, establishment of cooperative societies, improvement of transport,
(b) spread of education,
(c) progress of health, (d) abolition of social malpractices like casteism, untouchability
This document provides an overview of Gandhian thought and its application to rural development. It discusses Gandhi's views that God is truth, the origins of his universalist philosophy, and how ignorance breeds greed, violence and illusion. Gandhi's model of rural development focused on self-sufficient villages with intelligent inhabitants, education, local governance, production and non-violence. It emphasizes constructive programs, moral education, trusteeship, grassroots governance and developing villages as sustainable hubs while acknowledging modernization. The document recommends integrating Gandhian philosophies of sustainable development, truth and non-violence into education and media to work toward prosperity, peace and Godly happiness.
This document discusses the nature and scope of social welfare administration in non-governmental organizations. It defines key terms like administration, social administration, and social welfare administration. It describes social welfare administration as both an art and a science. The objectives of social welfare programs are outlined. The scope of social welfare administration is discussed using the POSDCoRB and integral views. Non-governmental organizations are defined, and the types of NGOs are categorized by orientation and level of cooperation.
The document provides an overview of the Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP) in Bangladesh. The key points are:
1) IRDP is a comprehensive government program launched in the 1970s to empower the rural poor through skills training and improving living standards.
2) It uses a 'Comilla Model' approach of cooperatives, rural infrastructure projects, and skills training.
3) Institutions like the Bangladesh Rural Development Board (BRDB) and Bangladesh Academy for Rural Development (BARD) were set up to implement IRDP strategies.
4) While IRDP achieved some success in boosting agriculture, it faced criticisms that power remained concentrated among large landowners.
The document summarizes the Swarnajayanti Gram Swarojgar Yojana (SGSY), a self-employment program launched by the Government of India. The key points are:
1) SGSY aims to bring families living below the poverty line above it by providing income-generating assets through bank credit and government subsidies.
2) It focuses on a group approach and forming self-help groups, as well as identifying clusters of economic activities.
3) Implementation involves organizing the rural poor into self-help groups, providing training and assets, and linking groups to credit and marketing support.
rapid rural appraisal and participatory rural appraisalpooja garg
Rapid Rural Appraisal consists of a series of techniques for "quick and dirty" research that are claimed to generate results of less apparent precision, but greater evidential value, than classic quantitative survey techniques
A growing combination of approaches and methods that enable rural people to share, enhance and analyze their knowledge of life and conditions, to plan and act and to monitor and evaluate.
Rostow's stages of economic growth model outlines 5 stages of development: 1) traditional society, 2) preconditions for take-off, 3) take-off, 4) drive to maturity, and 5) age of high mass consumption. The take-off stage involves investment increasing to over 10% of GDP, triggering sustained economic growth. During drive to maturity, new industries replace old ones and agriculture declines as countries industrialize. In the final stage, per capita incomes rise enough for widespread consumer goods consumption. The document discusses these stages and their application to understanding rural development.
The document discusses the history of rural development approaches in India from the pre-independence era to modern times. It covers several key programs and initiatives:
1. The community development program launched in 1952 aimed to develop rural areas but failed due to uneven benefits, lack of priorities, and unqualified personnel.
2. The National Extension Service launched in 1953 had wider rural coverage at lower cost but also faced issues.
3. The Intensive Agricultural Development Program of 1960 aimed to increase food production through cooperatives but educational approaches and extension workers were lacking.
4. The Training and Visit system developed in 1974 coordinated research, training, and extension through regular farmer visits and worker training. It became widely used
The document provides an overview of extension education efforts in India during the pre-independence period. It discusses various projects undertaken by the British government, as well as individual organizations, to promote rural development. These included the Gurgaon and Marthandam experiments in the 1920s, the Sevagram project led by Gandhi, and the Rural Reconstruction movement in Baroda. It also outlines reasons for the failures of some of these early rural development projects, including lack of government support, discontinuation, and inadequate staff. After independence, it describes several new community development and extension programs launched by the Indian government to increase agricultural production and improve rural livelihoods.
National Five year plans for rural developmentFarhana Farhath
The First Five-Year Plan launched the Community Development Programme to initiate rural development through community participation and rural extension workers. The Second Plan emphasized industry to relieve pressure on agriculture. Major rural programs included village industries and housing. Subsequent plans introduced new programs like agricultural intensification, nutrition programs, rural employment schemes, and targeted development of drought-prone, tribal and other backward areas.
Evaluation of RD policies and ProgrammesJayanta Dutta
This ppt covers the history of rural development programmes and problems in implementing rural development policies and programmes in India. This will be helpful for PG students of State Agril. Universities under their Compulsory Courses
The document discusses rural development programs in India both before and after independence. Some key pre-independence programs discussed include the Sriniketan experiment by Rabindranath Tagore in 1920 which aimed to improve living standards and promote education in rural Bengal. The Gurgaon experiment started in 1920 by F.L. Brayne which introduced improved farming techniques. The Marthandam experiment in Kerala from the 1920s promoted spiritual, mental and physical development as well as economic and social development in villages. Post-independence, the community development program was launched nationally in 1952 to promote all-round progress in rural areas. Panchayati raj was established in 1957 to decentralize power to local governments.
This document provides a history of extension education in India during the pre-independence period. It discusses various efforts by the British government as well as individual organizations to improve rural development, including establishing development departments, irrigation projects, and rural reconstruction efforts. It also describes several notable projects launched between the 1920s-1940s that focused on areas like agriculture, education, health, and economic and social development in rural areas. The document is divided into different sections covering government efforts, projects by individual organizations, and objectives and activities of key programs.
Rural development is a complex process that aims to improve living conditions in rural areas. It requires integrated efforts across sectors like infrastructure, public services, health, education, employment and standard of living. While the government and private sector have undertaken development initiatives, rural areas still lag significantly behind cities in these areas. Effective rural development strategies require addressing issues like inadequate infrastructure, lack of opportunities, traditional mindsets, and ensuring balanced growth between rural and urban regions.
A new initiative in 1969 aimed to improve economic conditions and reduce income disparities in rural areas through several programmes. However, these programmes had limitations like being restricted to small areas, benefiting the same target groups, and unsatisfactory administration. As a result, the Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP) was introduced in 1978 to provide a more ambitious programme to deal with rural poverty across India. The IRDP aimed to help poor families raise themselves out of poverty and create additional employment opportunities in rural areas through viable projects partially subsidized by banks. However, the IRDP also faced issues like misidentification of beneficiaries and lack of infrastructure and credit support.
A new initiative in 1969 aimed to improve economic conditions and reduce income disparities in rural areas through several programmes. However, these programmes had limitations like being restricted to small areas, benefiting the same target groups, and unsatisfactory administration. As a result, the Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP) was introduced in 1978 to provide a more ambitious programme to deal with rural poverty across India. The IRDP aimed to help poor families raise themselves out of poverty and create additional employment opportunities in rural areas through viable projects partially subsidized by banks. However, the IRDP also faced issues like misidentification of beneficiaries and lack of infrastructure and credit support.
The document provides an overview and evaluation of agriculture development in Nepal's Seventh and Eighth Five Year Plans. The Seventh Plan (1985-1990) prioritized agriculture, irrigation, and forestry with a budget of 13.7% for agriculture. The Eighth Plan (1992-1996) aimed to reduce poverty from 49% to 42% through agricultural intensification, rural development, and employment programs. Both plans struggled with issues like political instability, budget mismanagement, and failure to meet targets, especially for poverty reduction. Overall, the plans showed progress but faced challenges in fully implementing agricultural and poverty alleviation strategies.
The presentation deals with the various rural development programme initiated in order to remove poverty and bring social and economic transformation in rural people lives
Dimensions of Agricultural Extension: Prepaired by Basvraj L PisureBasvraj Pisure
This presentation includes the History and development of Agricultural Extension Education and also includes new dimensions of Agricultural Extension Education. It also includes different developmental programmes related to agricultural development and extension education.
This document discusses the history and definitions of rural development in Bangladesh, with a focus on steps taken to promote rural development for women. It describes how rural development has been approached during different time periods, from the Mughal and British periods through independence. It outlines various government and non-government programs established to boost rural livelihoods, agriculture, education, health and women's empowerment. Major national and international non-government organizations working in rural development are also mentioned.
This document discusses rural development programs in India before and after independence. It begins by defining rural development and explaining when India's first rural development program was launched. It then outlines the major programs in two stages - before independence which included the Shriniketan experiment, Gandhian constructive program, and grow more food campaign, and after independence which included integrated tribal development program, community development program, and intensive cattle development project. The conclusion states that these programs aimed to reduce poverty, create employment opportunities, and improve basic needs and close the rural-urban gap.
Rural development is focused on developing rural areas that are lagging in overall development. It includes improving literacy, education, health, infrastructure like roads and electricity, land reforms, poverty alleviation, and increasing productivity and income opportunities through agriculture, non-farm activities, and access to markets and credit. While India's banking system has expanded rural credit access, many farmers still rely on moneylenders due to inadequate and unsustainable credit from formal institutions. Self-help groups aim to address this by promoting thrift and providing loans at reasonable rates to members. However, issues remain around loan repayment and ensuring credit is used productively.
Poverty is defined as the lack of resources to participate in society and meet basic needs like food, clothing, shelter, healthcare, and education. It means insecurity, powerlessness, and social exclusion. Poverty is measured using indicators like literacy rates, nutrition levels, job opportunities, and access to clean water. The main causes of poverty in India include rapid population growth, low agricultural productivity, underutilized resources, unemployment, and social/political factors like the caste system and colonial exploitation. Government programs aim to reduce poverty through rural employment generation, asset provision, self-employment initiatives, and rural infrastructure development.
Poverty is defined as the lack of resources to participate in society and meet basic needs like food, clothing, shelter, healthcare, and education. Social scientists view poverty through indicators like illiteracy, malnutrition, lack of healthcare access, unemployment, and lack of clean water. The main causes of poverty in India include rapidly rising population, low agricultural productivity, underutilized resources, low economic growth, price rises, unemployment, shortage of capital, social factors like the caste system, and political exploitation under British colonial rule. The government of India has implemented numerous programs to reduce poverty such as integrated rural development, rural employment guarantee, self-employment initiatives, and poverty alleviation schemes focused on women, children, and desert regions
This document discusses the agricultural technology transfer system in India. It outlines the historical technological developments in Indian agriculture such as the Persian wheel, wooden plough, and bullock cart. It also discusses the challenges currently facing Indian agriculture like declining farm sizes and rising costs. The document then examines different approaches that have been used for agricultural development in India, including the community development approach, area approach, target group employment approach, single line extension approach, and participatory development approach. It emphasizes the importance of participatory development and farmer participation in strengthening agricultural technology transfer.
This document lists several agricultural development programs implemented in India between 1960-2000 including:
- The Intensive Agriculture Development Program (IADP) launched in 1960 to provide loans, seeds, and tools to farmers.
- The High Yielding Variety Program (HYVP) launched in 1966 to increase food grain productivity through adoption of improved varieties and inputs.
- The Small Farmers Development Agency (SFDA) and Marginal Farmers and Agricultural Labor Agency (MFALA) launched in 1973 and 1974 respectively to provide technical and financial assistance to small and marginal farmers.
Risks & Business Risks Reduce - investment.pdfHome
In this presentation, I have shown major risks that are to face in a business investment. Also I have shown their classification and sources.
This information have taken from my text book -" Investment Analysis and Portfolio Management ~chapter 2 Investment~ " For complete this Presentation I used Figma and Canva.
My Role:
a. Student Final year - Accounting
b. Presentation Designer
Call India AmanTel allows you to call from any country in the world including India to the USA and Canada at the cheapest rate Limited offers new users some free minutes.
stackconf 2024 | Using European Open Source to build a Sovereign Multi-Cloud ...NETWAYS
The European Commission has clearly identified open source as a strategic tool for bringing some balance to an EU cloud market currently dominated by a handful of non-EU hyperscalers. Part of that commitment comes through a series of ambitious, multi-million EU projects like the SIMPL platform for Data Spaces and the multi-country “Important Project of Common European Interest on Next Generation Cloud Infrastructure and Services” (IPCEI-CIS). For the first time in the history of the European Union, it is the EU industry who will be leading large-scale open source projects aimed at building European strategic technologies. In this talk we will explain in detail how specific European open source technologies are being brought together as part of some of those projects to start building Sovereign Multi-Cloud solutions that ensure interoperability and digital sovereignty for European users while preventing vendor lock-in in the cloud market, opening up competition in the emerging 5G/edge.
A Deepfake video detection system is a type of artificial intelligence (AI) a...MuhallabBinAshfaq
A Deepfake video detection system is a computer vision-based system that analyzes video frames to identify signs of tampering or manipulation. The system uses various techniques to detect anomalies in the video, such as inconsistencies in facial features, audio-visual mismatches, and other indicators of deepfake generation.
A study on drug utilization evaluation of bronchodilators using DDD methodDr. Afreen Nasir
The abstract was published as a conference proceeding in a Newsletter after being presented as an e-posture and secured 2nd prize during the scientific proceedings of "National Conference on Health Economics and Outcomes Research (HEOR) to Enhance Decision Making for Global Health" held at Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (RIPER)- Autonomous in association with the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR)-India Andhra Pradesh Regional Chapter during 4th& 5th August 2023.
Nasir A. A study on drug utilization evaluation of bronchodilators using the DDD method. RIPER - PDIC Bulletin ISPOR India Andhra Pradesh Regional Chapter Newsletter [Internet]. 2023 Sep;11(51):14. Available from: www.riper.ac.in
stackconf 2024 | On-Prem is the new Black by AJ JesterNETWAYS
In a world where Cloud gives us the ease and flexibility to deploy and scale your apps we often overlook security and control. The fact that resources in the cloud are still shared, the hardware is shared, the network is shared, there is not much insight into the infrastructure unless the logs are exposed by the cloud provider. Even an air gap environment in the cloud is truly not air gapped, it’s a pseudo-private network. Moreover, the general trend in the industry is shifting towards cloud repatriation, it’s a fancy term for bringing your apps and services from cloud back to on-prem, like old school how things were run before the cloud was even a thing. This shift has caused what I call a knowledge gap where engineers are only familiar with interacting with infrastructure via APIs but not the hardware or networks their application runs on. In this talk I aim to demystify on-prem environments and more importantly show engineers how easy and smooth it is to repatriate data from cloud to an on-prem air gap environment.
2. Rural Development in India
• Stage 1- Pre Independence era (1866- 1947)
• Stage 2- Post Independence era (1947-1953)
• Stage 3- Community Development and
Extension Service era (1953 - 1960)
• Stage 4- Intensive Agricultural Development
era (1960 – till date)
3. Gandhian Era: Constructive Work
• Village self-government, self-reliance & self-
help
• Reinforced the strength of voluntarism
• Cooperation & mutual aid
• Decentralization, non-violence, and moral
action.
• Development of village crafts and village
industries
4. EARLY EXPERIMENTS IN INDIA
• Scheme for Rural Reconstruction
• Economic conference of Mysore
• Gurgaon Experiment
• Sriniketan
• Sevagram
• Marthandam Project
5. Cont.
• Government of India Act of 1935
• Indian Village Service
• Firka Development Scheme
• Etawah pilot project
• Nilokheri Experiment
• Grow More Food Campaign (GMFC)
6. The Weakness of the above rural
Experiments
• The attempts were mostly based on individual
initiative inspired by humanitarian considerations.
• Government backing and financial support was not
forth, coming in sufficient measures.
• The attempts were mostly isolated, uneven and
discontinuous.
• The staff employed was inadequate, inexperience
untrained and hurriedly selected, ignorant of local
conditions who could hardly command any respect or
influence in the village.
7. • The objective were ill-defined or lopsided in the development.
Little attempt was made to study the peculiar conditions of the
villages and to adapt the programme to its need.
• Plans, programmes and organisations were lacking, weak or
unbalanced.
• Parallel, programmes of supplies, services, guidance and
supervision were not developed.
• The need for proper methods and skills of approach to the task
was not fully realised.
• Research and evaluation was lacking.
• Association and co-ordination with other development
departments was very limited.
• The involvement of village people in thinking, planning and
executing village development was not properly achieved.
• From the results of the past efforts we can learn that public
participation is an integral part of any programme for its success.
This can very well be broughtout by extension education only.
8. Post Independence development
• economic betterment of people
• greater social transformation
• increased participation of people in the rural
development programmes
• decentralization of planning
• better enforcement of land reforms
• greater access to credit
From capital centered approach to
people centered approach
9. Community Development Programme
Launched on 2nd October in 1952 .
Its basic elements were:
• Focus on individual cultivators
• Restructuring and re-organizing district
administration
• Provision of facilities for agricultural production
through cooperatives and block agencies
• Provision of welfare facilities by block
10. Community Projects
• Projects covered an area of about 150-500
sq.miles
• About 300 villages and a population of about 2
lakhs
• Divided into three development blocks
• Village Level Worker (Gram sevaks)-basic level
extension functionary in the Community
Development Programme.
11. Drawbacks of the CDP
• Uneven distribution of the benefits of the programme.
• Absence of clearly defined priority in the programmes.
• The inability of the CDP to recognise and solve the
inherent coflicts in the inter and intra target groups.
• Lack of mass participation
• More bureaucratic. Central planning Response of the
government of create local institutions did not succeed.
Without dismantling the power structure in the village,
the devolution of a authority under democratic
decentralisation, super imposed in a social system,
resulted in the complete drying up of all efforts in
majority of rural masses.
12. National Extension Service
• Formulated in April 1953
• Inaugurated one year after the 55 community
Projects, that is, on October 2, 1953.
• Major development in the sphere of rural
reconstruction in India
The idea behind the National Extension Service
Programme was to cover the entire country within
a period of about 10 years, that is to say, by
1960-61.
13. DEMOCRATIC DECENTRALISATION –
PANCHAYAT RAJ
Team headed by Balwant Rai Mehta, Chief Minister of
Gujarat
Recommendations:
• Effective administrative decentralisation for the
implementation of the programme like CDP
• Elected and integrated local self-government system
ordinarily of 3 tired bodies from village level to block
level and then to district level
• Remarkable wakening among the rural people, as a
result of which the villager became conscious of his
own rights and developed the urge to improve his living
standards.
14. Shift in the rural development strategy
• Food situation became alarming
• Strategy in favour of increasing agricultural
production
• Institutional credit flew more towards large and
resourceful farmers
• Neglect of small farmers, land less labourers,
tenants and artisans
• Led to the accentuation of regional disparities
• Economic inequalities among different sections
of the population
15. IADP
Its main objectives were:
• To achieve rapid increase in the level of agriculture
production through a concentration of financial,
technical, extension and administrative resources.
• To achieve a self-generating breakthrough in
productivity and to raise the production potential by
stimulating the human and physical process of changes
• To demonstrate the most effective ways of increasing
production and thus, to provide lessons for extending
such intensified agricultural production programmes to
other areas.
16. Shortcomings of the IADP
• Educational approach to reach the cultivators was lacking Emphasis was
anyhow to make the cultivators join the programme.
• Training programme of staff was not clear. In many cases, the VLWs
were found below standard and were not able to impress the farmers.
• Staff were not clear about the methods to reach the cultivators. The
staff were target minded even in filling up agricultural production plans.
• Posting of staff was not adequate and timely
• Workshop, seed testing and soil testing laboratories were not
functioning to the required level.
• Transport and land development programmes were not progressing
satisfactorily.
• Cultivators were not using insecticides, fungicides and seed treatment
of their own.
• There was problem of communication.
• Cooperative were not functioning well.
• lack of action research.
• Very little progress in animal husbandry, fisheries etc.
• Stereotyped farm production plans.
• Little participation by women in the programme.
17. Another shift in the strategy
Deliberate efforts to flow development benefits
to the poorer sections and the backward areas
Schemes launched:
• Small Farmers Development Agency (SFDA)
• Marginal Farmer & Agricultural Labourers
Agency (MFALA)
• Minimum Needs Programme (MNP)
• Drought Prone Area Programme (DPAP)
• Desert Development Programme (DDP)
• Hill Area Development Programme (HADP)
18. Area Development Programme
• Backward Area Development
• Command Area development
Programme
• Drought Prone Area Programme
• Hill Area Development Agency
• Tribal Area Development Programme
19. Green Revolution
• Implementation of land reform
• Active participation of peasants
• Record grain output of 131 million tonnes in
1978/79
• By 1980 India attained self sufficiency in food
with a surplus of about 30 million
• Created plenty of jobs
This established India as one of the world's
biggest agricultural producers
20. Co-operative Movement
• Helped the poor peasants to get high quality
seeds, modern agricultural machines and low
cost fertilizers.
• Helped the peasants to sell their products.
• Played a key role in making the Green
Revolution a success
• Operation Flood
• Anand Model
21. Integrated Rural Development Programme
• The apparent failure of the CDP was the main reason
for the evolution of the IRDP.
• Introduced during 1976-77 with the selection of 20
districts
• IRDP envisages the integration of methodology and
approach of both beneficiary oriented programmes as
well as area development programmes.
It intensified development efforts for the purpose of
poverty alleviation as well as increasing productivity.
22. TRAINING OF RURAL YOUTH FOR SELF-
EMPLOYMENT (TRYSEM)
• Launched in August, 1979
• Provide technical skills to rural youth
• Self-employment in the fields of agriculture and allied activities,
industries, services and trade
Inadequate employment opportunities for the TRSYEM trainees have
been attributed to three main factors:
• Adequate and timely assistance under IRDP not given at several
times to them to start their own productive activities.
• Systematic surveys for identifying the potential for new
productive ventures are not being carried out by most of the
DRDAs.
• The rapport between the DRDAs and BDOs on one side and
employers on the other side has not been strong and fruitful to
provide placement of increased number of the trained youth.
23. Ministry of Rural Development
In 1999 Ministry of Rural Areas and Employment was renamed as
Ministry of Rural Development
Acting as a catalyst effecting the change in rural areas through the
implementation of wide spectrum of programmes:
• Rural Connectivity Programme
• Jawahar Gram Samridhi Yojana
• Employment Assurance Scheme
• Indira Awas Yojna
• National Social Assistance Programme
• Swarna Jayanthi Gram Swarozgar Yojna
24. Modern Era of Development
• NGO movement
• Microfinance Movement (MFI)
• Self-help Groups (SHG)
• Rural Banking
• Rural Insurance
• Foreign Donors
• Rural Common Minimum Program
25. India- The Road Ahead
• Reducing poverty remains India’s greatest challenge
• Rural development is essential to raise the incomes
of the poor
• Dramatic improvements in infrastructure and the
investment climate are required
• Basic services, such as improved health and
education, need to reach all India's citizens
• HIV/AIDS has the potential to upset much of the
India’s recent progress
• Environmental sustainability needs to be ensured