- Central Asian Studies, Anthropology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Iranian Archaeology, Eurasian Nomads, and 87 moreArchaeology of Central Asia, Pazyryk Culture, Anthropology of Mobility, Archaeology of the Eurasian steppe belt, Clan signs of property, Iranian peoples;, Bactria (Archaeology), Bactrian miniature columns, Compartment Seals, Bactrian column idols, Central Asian antiquities, Inner Asian Studies, History of Kazakhstan, Central Asia, Borderlands Studies, Bronze Age of Iran and the Indus valley, Theoretical Archaeology, South Asian Archaeology, Indus Valley (Pakistan) Prehistory and Protohistory, Aral Sea, The Silk Road and other ancient trade routes, Food History, Konar Sandal, Jiroft Persian ancient civilisation, Achaemenian Empire, Achaemenid History, Art & Archaeology of Iran and Central Asia, ANE Cylinder Seals, Ancient Near East, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Prehistory of Central Asia (Prehistoric Archaeology), Oxus Civilization, 4th Millennium BC, Places of Faith of Kazakhstan, History, Archaeology, Art History, Classics, Landscape Archaeology, Archaeological Method & Theory, Funerary Archaeology, Neolithic Archaeology, Iranian Studies, Mesopotamian Archaeology, Silk Road Studies, Sogdian Archaeology, Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Social and Cultural Anthropology, The World of the Huns: Studies in Their History and Culture, Early Turks, Bactria, Sogdiana, Oxus, Origins of Agriculture, Central Asia (History), Central asian history, Death and Burial (Archaeology), Ancient History, Shamanism, Rock Art (Archaeology), Rock Art, Prehistoric Rock Art, Bactrian column idols or miniature columns, Iran Archaeology, Urbanism (Archaeology), Gonur Depe, Ancient Seals and Sealings, Ancient Iran, Development of complex societies, Potter's Marks, Pastoralism (Social Anthropology), Jiroft, Historiography of Archaeology, Archaeological Terms, Scythian Archaeology, Scythian Animal Style, Scythians, Andronovo, Chorasmia, Ancient Urbansim, Social Complexity (Archaeology), Helmand civilization, Lapis lazuli, Jeitun Culture, Early Urbanization, Resilience Theory (in archaeology), Parthian Archaeology, Ancient techniques, Near eastern Archaeology, Archaeology of Iran, Prehistoric Archaeology, Archaeological Method and theory, Prehistory of Southeastern Iran, Urbanisim, Early State, Secondary State, Complex societies, ancient trade, ancient economies, and Northeastern Iran in the Neolithic: the Site of Pookerdvalledit
In the monograph, on the basis of the study of two geographical areas of the northern Saryarka, the Ishim valley of the Akmola Region and the Tengiz-Korgalzhyn lake district, characteristics, features, and mechanism of landscape... more
In the monograph, on the basis of the study of two geographical areas of the northern Saryarka, the Ishim valley of the Akmola Region and the Tengiz-Korgalzhyn lake district, characteristics, features, and mechanism of landscape sacralization are described and investigated. Moreover, the role of cult memorials in the historical, cultural, and ethnic processes of ancient and medieval periods is shown. The excavation of the large burial mound of Kuigenzhar, dated to the early Saka time, and the Kazakh seasonal settlement of Sarkyram are here presented. The monograph redraws the route of the 1816 expedition of I.P. Shangin along the northern Saryarka, as well as the Muslim graveyard of Karaotkel, an important historical site in the center of Nur-sultan, the capital of Kazakhstan, is presented. One chapter of the monograph is devoted to the large-scale exploration work of the Kazakh-Italian expedition: new sites and monuments along the Silyt, Ishim, and Nura rivers are described and provided with photos and maps.
The publication is addressed to historians, archaeologists, ethnographers, university students, and everyone who is interested in Kazakhstan's historical and cultural heritage.
The publication is addressed to historians, archaeologists, ethnographers, university students, and everyone who is interested in Kazakhstan's historical and cultural heritage.
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This book is the first Cultural Guide entirely dedicated to the capital of Kazakhstan, Astana, a dynamic city with majestic and unique buildings. A so-called bridge between East and West, this Guide also shows that Astana is a city with a... more
This book is the first Cultural Guide entirely dedicated to the capital of Kazakhstan, Astana, a dynamic city with majestic and unique buildings. A so-called bridge between East and West, this Guide also shows that Astana is a city with a glorious past, a present of strong economic and urban development and a future based on the peaceful coexistence between over one million people.
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By far the most mysterious and unexplored of Central Asia’s countries, Turkmenistan is a land rich in history and monuments, as well as of great spirituality, tradition and natural beauty. This Guide to Turkmenistan. History, Architecture... more
By far the most mysterious and unexplored of Central Asia’s countries, Turkmenistan is a land rich in history and monuments, as well as of great spirituality, tradition and natural beauty. This Guide to Turkmenistan. History, Architecture and Faith in the Desert presents the extremely wealthy, complex, and diversified cultural heritage of this relatively unknown country in an original way, describing the majority of the historical, archaeological, architectural and religious monuments that are spread along the Silk Road and on the edge of the Karakum desert. The ancient cities of Merv, Nisa, Anau, Konya Urgench, Serakhs and Misrian as well as their mosques, minarets, turquoise domes and mazars beautifully decorated with intricate tile work are here presented side by side with modern picturesque and symbolic buildings of Ashgabat, the white capital. Some of the monuments are presented here for the first time ever in a Western language.
Research Interests: Central Asian Studies, Central Asian History (Area Studies), Turkmenistan, History of Central Asia, Medieval Islamic and Turco-Iranian world, Mongol world empire, and 3 moreSeljuk, Mongol, post-Mongol, and Ottoman Anatolia (1200-1500), Comparative empire, frontier, and political culture, and Persian and Ottoman Turkish historical writing
Colophon, Foreword, Acknowledgments, Abbreviations, Contents and Bibliography of the Multilingual Dictionary of Archaeological Terms (Kazakh-Russian-English-Italian).
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Part IV. Italian - Kazakh - Russian - English Dictionary
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Part III. Russian - Kazakh - English - Italian Dictionary
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Part II. English - Kazakh - Russian - Italian Dictionary
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Part I. Kazakh - Russian - English - Italian Dictionary
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This paper reconsiders the archaeological picture and the involved historical narratives proposed by important seasons of excavations at the third-millennium bc site of Altyn Depe (Turkmenistan) by the former Soviet academy. Thanks to... more
This paper reconsiders the archaeological picture and the involved historical narratives proposed by important seasons of excavations at the third-millennium bc site of Altyn Depe (Turkmenistan) by the former Soviet academy. Thanks to these intensive efforts the site is and will remain crucial for the reconstruction of the evolution of social complexity in southern Central Asia and the neighbouring civilizations; however, we question the validity of some assumptions and interpretations, which appear somehow biased by an aprioristic desire to validate the influential paradigms on early urbanism of V. G. Childe, even at the expense of a realistic assessment of the archaeological evidence. Finally, the paper proposes some new hypotheses which might be tested by future fieldwork.
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A complex community of the early Iron Age in Eurasia is represented by the Tasmola archaeological culture, which was mainly spread in Central Kazakhstan. In the last decades, new research directions have appeared which are mainly related... more
A complex community of the early Iron Age in Eurasia is represented by the Tasmola archaeological culture, which was mainly spread in Central Kazakhstan. In the last decades, new research directions have appeared
which are mainly related to the analysis of massive burial mounds. These latter, preserving the human remains and the material culture associated to the Tasmola high class and nobility, share features with several cults and commemorative structures spread across the Eurasian steppe. Their architecture and building layout provide different evidence about their modeling and the reconstruction of ancient ceremonies and activities,
as well as a better understanding of the past material and spiritual culture. The study of massive barrows is today carried out with new methods and approaches, which are aimed at reconstructing the whole funerary construction: unexpected details show a very complex structure and open new perspectives both in the architecture knowledge of the ancient Eurasian tribes, as well as in identifying some features of the Saka funerary mythology. A detailed and careful study allows to determine substantial evidence of ritual practices in the structure of large funerary monuments. The purpose of the article is to provide a characterization of the building structure of large funerary barrows and, on the basis of diverse construction features, to present some worldview and cosmological ideas of the Tasmola community. The article then provides a brief description of the main characteristics of the Tasmola archaeological culture, and outlines the main historiographic information on the reconstruction of ethno-geography, namely the ethnic names, of the early Iron Age population in Central Kazakhstan. Based on the analysis of the burial architecture of large mounds located along the Ishim River, in the Nur-Sultan region, it is proposed here a reconstruction of some worldview ideas and mythology of the ancient Saka tribes.
which are mainly related to the analysis of massive burial mounds. These latter, preserving the human remains and the material culture associated to the Tasmola high class and nobility, share features with several cults and commemorative structures spread across the Eurasian steppe. Their architecture and building layout provide different evidence about their modeling and the reconstruction of ancient ceremonies and activities,
as well as a better understanding of the past material and spiritual culture. The study of massive barrows is today carried out with new methods and approaches, which are aimed at reconstructing the whole funerary construction: unexpected details show a very complex structure and open new perspectives both in the architecture knowledge of the ancient Eurasian tribes, as well as in identifying some features of the Saka funerary mythology. A detailed and careful study allows to determine substantial evidence of ritual practices in the structure of large funerary monuments. The purpose of the article is to provide a characterization of the building structure of large funerary barrows and, on the basis of diverse construction features, to present some worldview and cosmological ideas of the Tasmola community. The article then provides a brief description of the main characteristics of the Tasmola archaeological culture, and outlines the main historiographic information on the reconstruction of ethno-geography, namely the ethnic names, of the early Iron Age population in Central Kazakhstan. Based on the analysis of the burial architecture of large mounds located along the Ishim River, in the Nur-Sultan region, it is proposed here a reconstruction of some worldview ideas and mythology of the ancient Saka tribes.
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This paper is dedicated to the study of the stone handbags of a lock shape and other similar forms discovered across Copper and Bronze Age Eurasia. Information, data, and measurements are collected and presented for the first time in a... more
This paper is dedicated to the study of the stone handbags of a lock shape and other similar forms discovered across Copper and Bronze Age Eurasia. Information, data, and measurements are collected and presented for the first time in a comprehensive paper. A preliminary typology of the
artefacts divided into six large super-types, with types and sub-types, is then advanced. Unfortunately, most of the handbags have been found by chance and lack useful information to understand and reconstruct
their original function – whether ritual, social or economic – which remains enigmatic. The earliest artefacts were found at Late Neolithic and Chalcolithic sites of south Turkmenistan. However, the period of their greatest diffusion comprises between the mid-3rd and the mid-2nd millennium BCE, as confirmed by the discovery of some handbags in stratigraphic contexts of farmers’ settlements located in northern and south-eastern Iran, southern Turkmenistan, and Tajikistan. Recently, other
handbags have been identified in the storerooms of different museums in southern Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, extending their area of diffusion northward toward the cultural world of the Eurasian steppes. With awareness that the geographical definition of the Oxus civilisation is a matter of broad scientific debate, the study of this class of objects allows some new light to be shed on the socio-economic and cultural contacts between the settled farming communities of southern Central Asia and
the mobile groups of cattle breeders widespread across the Eurasian steppes.
artefacts divided into six large super-types, with types and sub-types, is then advanced. Unfortunately, most of the handbags have been found by chance and lack useful information to understand and reconstruct
their original function – whether ritual, social or economic – which remains enigmatic. The earliest artefacts were found at Late Neolithic and Chalcolithic sites of south Turkmenistan. However, the period of their greatest diffusion comprises between the mid-3rd and the mid-2nd millennium BCE, as confirmed by the discovery of some handbags in stratigraphic contexts of farmers’ settlements located in northern and south-eastern Iran, southern Turkmenistan, and Tajikistan. Recently, other
handbags have been identified in the storerooms of different museums in southern Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, extending their area of diffusion northward toward the cultural world of the Eurasian steppes. With awareness that the geographical definition of the Oxus civilisation is a matter of broad scientific debate, the study of this class of objects allows some new light to be shed on the socio-economic and cultural contacts between the settled farming communities of southern Central Asia and
the mobile groups of cattle breeders widespread across the Eurasian steppes.
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This text aims to provide a first and preliminary description of the Middle and Late Bronze Age graveyard of Adji Kui, in Margiana (southern Turkmenistan). This burial ground consists of over 800 tombs excavated both inside the... more
This text aims to provide a first and preliminary description of the Middle and Late Bronze Age graveyard of Adji Kui, in Margiana (southern Turkmenistan). This burial ground consists of over 800 tombs excavated both inside the residential structures of the fortified villages of Adji Kui 1 and 9, and in the ground between the two fortresses. Most of the burials are represented by in-ground pits and pseudo-catacomb tombs, but there are also mausoleums and cist tombs. Unfortunately, there are numerous looted tombs as well as several destroyed, wholly or partially, by agricultural work that took place a few decades ago. However, the excavation has also brought to light a large number of intact tombs without signs of forced entry and looting which contained funerary inventory composed of ceramic vases, copper/bronze, artifacts in precious metal, stone tools and instruments, and typical objects of the Oxus civilization (also known as BMAC - Bactrian and Margiana Archaeological Complex). There were in fact stone columns, scepters or command sticks in chlorite, and lead ingots. The analysis allows to date the entire archaeological context to the final phase of the Middle Bronze Age and to the Late Bronze Age, i.e. the last centuries of the third millennium BC.
Questo testo si propone di fornire una prima e preliminare descrizione della necropoli dell’età del Bronzo medio e tardo di Adji Kui, in Margiana (Turkmenistan meridionale). Questo sepolcreto si compone di oltre 800 tombe scavate sia all’interno delle strutture residenziali che componevano i villaggi fortificati di Adji Kui 1 e 9, sia nel terreno posto tra le due fortezze. La maggior parte delle sepolture è rappresentata da fosse terragne e tombe a catacomba, ma sono presenti anche mausolei e tombe a cista. Purtroppo numerose sono le tombe saccheggiate così come parecchie quelle distrutte, interamente o parzialmente, dai lavori agricoli avvenuti alcuni decenni fa. Lo scavo ha tuttavia portato in luce anche un ampio numero di tombe intatte e senza segni di effrazione e saccheggio che hanno restituito corredi funerari composti da vasi ceramici, manufatti in rame/bronzo e in metalli preziosi, utensili e strumenti in pietra e oggetti tipici della Civiltà dell’Oxus (nota anche come BMAC – Complesso Archeologico della Battriana e Margiana). Vi erano infatti colonnette in pietra, scettri o bastoni di comando in clorite e lingotti in piombo. L’analisi condotta in questo lavoro permette di datare l’intero contesto archeologico alla fase finale dell’età del Bronzo medio e all’intera età del Bronzo tardo, ovvero agli ultimi secoli del III millennio a.C.
Questo testo si propone di fornire una prima e preliminare descrizione della necropoli dell’età del Bronzo medio e tardo di Adji Kui, in Margiana (Turkmenistan meridionale). Questo sepolcreto si compone di oltre 800 tombe scavate sia all’interno delle strutture residenziali che componevano i villaggi fortificati di Adji Kui 1 e 9, sia nel terreno posto tra le due fortezze. La maggior parte delle sepolture è rappresentata da fosse terragne e tombe a catacomba, ma sono presenti anche mausolei e tombe a cista. Purtroppo numerose sono le tombe saccheggiate così come parecchie quelle distrutte, interamente o parzialmente, dai lavori agricoli avvenuti alcuni decenni fa. Lo scavo ha tuttavia portato in luce anche un ampio numero di tombe intatte e senza segni di effrazione e saccheggio che hanno restituito corredi funerari composti da vasi ceramici, manufatti in rame/bronzo e in metalli preziosi, utensili e strumenti in pietra e oggetti tipici della Civiltà dell’Oxus (nota anche come BMAC – Complesso Archeologico della Battriana e Margiana). Vi erano infatti colonnette in pietra, scettri o bastoni di comando in clorite e lingotti in piombo. L’analisi condotta in questo lavoro permette di datare l’intero contesto archeologico alla fase finale dell’età del Bronzo medio e all’intera età del Bronzo tardo, ovvero agli ultimi secoli del III millennio a.C.
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The Asian Central Steppe, consisting of current-day Kazakhstan and Russia, has acted as a highway for major migrations throughout history. Therefore, describing the genetic composition of past populations in Central Asia holds value to... more
The Asian Central Steppe, consisting of current-day Kazakhstan and Russia, has acted as a highway for major migrations throughout history. Therefore, describing the genetic composition of past populations in Central Asia holds value to understanding human mobility in this pivotal region. In this study, we analyse paleogenomic data generated from five humans from Kuygenzhar, Kazakhstan. These individuals date to the early to mid-18th century, shortly after the Kazakh Khanate was founded, a union of nomadic tribes of Mongol Golden Horde and Turkic origins. Genomic analysis identifies that these individuals are admixed with varying proportions of East Asian ancestry, indicating a recent admixture event from East Asia. The high amounts of DNA from the anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria Tannerella forsythia, a periodontal pathogen, recovered from their teeth suggest they may have suffered from periodontitis disease. Genomic analysis of this bacterium identified recently evolved virulence a...
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The Asian Central Steppe, consisting of current-day Kazakhstan and Russia, has acted as a highway for major migrations throughout history. Therefore, describing the genetic composition of past populations in Central Asia holds value to... more
The Asian Central Steppe, consisting of current-day Kazakhstan and Russia, has acted as a highway for major migrations throughout history. Therefore, describing the genetic composition of past populations in Central Asia holds value to understanding human mobility in this pivotal
region. In this study, we analyse paleogenomic data generated from five humans from Kuygenzhar, Kazakhstan. These individuals date to the early to mid-18th century, shortly after the Kazakh Khanate was founded, a union of nomadic tribes of Mongol Golden Horde and Turkic origins.
Genomic analysis identifies that these individuals are admixed with varying proportions of East Asian ancestry, indicating a recent admixture event from East Asia. The high amounts of DNA from the anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria Tannerella forsythia, a periodontal pathogen, recovered from their teeth suggest they may have suffered from periodontitis disease. Genomic analysis of this bacterium identified recently evolved virulence and glycosylation genes including the presence of antibiotic resistance genes predating the antibiotic era. This study provides an integrated analysis of individuals with a diet mostly based on meat (mainly horse and lamb), milk, and dairy products and
their oral microbiome.
region. In this study, we analyse paleogenomic data generated from five humans from Kuygenzhar, Kazakhstan. These individuals date to the early to mid-18th century, shortly after the Kazakh Khanate was founded, a union of nomadic tribes of Mongol Golden Horde and Turkic origins.
Genomic analysis identifies that these individuals are admixed with varying proportions of East Asian ancestry, indicating a recent admixture event from East Asia. The high amounts of DNA from the anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria Tannerella forsythia, a periodontal pathogen, recovered from their teeth suggest they may have suffered from periodontitis disease. Genomic analysis of this bacterium identified recently evolved virulence and glycosylation genes including the presence of antibiotic resistance genes predating the antibiotic era. This study provides an integrated analysis of individuals with a diet mostly based on meat (mainly horse and lamb), milk, and dairy products and
their oral microbiome.
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While the catalogue of the graves from Adji Kui is being prepared for the upcoming publication, this paper describes and presents for the first time fifteen seals found in the burials. The seals were manufactured in stone, metal and... more
While the catalogue of the graves from Adji Kui is being prepared for the upcoming publication, this paper describes and presents for the first time fifteen seals found in the burials. The seals were manufactured in stone, metal and faience; thirteen of them were one-sided stamp seals, one is a stamp seal atop a pin head in bronze and the last is represented by a two-sided seal in hematite. Their subjects, shape and material as well as their manufacturing techniques highlight that all seals belong to the Oxus Civilization. They find several close comparisons with artefacts
from other sites in Margiana and Bactria and their chronological distribution is dated to the late 3rd millennium BC. As evidenced in other Oxus Civilization graveyards, most of the Adji Kui seals were found in graves containing female individuals, surmising then that the place of women in
from other sites in Margiana and Bactria and their chronological distribution is dated to the late 3rd millennium BC. As evidenced in other Oxus Civilization graveyards, most of the Adji Kui seals were found in graves containing female individuals, surmising then that the place of women in
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Analysis of the human settlement in the Inner Syrdarya delta according to the data from Chirik Rabat, Babish Mulla, Balandy, Sengir Tam, and other sites
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A chapter about shreds of evidence of contacts and interactive processes between the Central Eurasian steppes and southern Central Asia
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“Masters” and “Natives”. Digging the Others’ Past (Svetlana Gorshenina, Philippe Bornet, Michel E. Fuchs, Claude Rapin [Eds.], Berlin: De Gruyter, 2019): Book Discussion Forum (Fiona Kidd, Elise Luneau, Marek Jan Olbrycht, Mikhail... more
“Masters” and “Natives”. Digging the Others’ Past (Svetlana Gorshenina, Philippe Bornet, Michel E. Fuchs, Claude Rapin [Eds.], Berlin: De Gruyter, 2019): Book Discussion Forum (Fiona Kidd, Elise Luneau, Marek Jan Olbrycht, Mikhail Shenkar, Michele Minardi, Gian Luca Bonora, Simon Mantellini, Carlo Lippolis), Bulletin of IICAS, No. 29, 2020, рр. 108-123.
In English.
In English.
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“Grave ADJ1.F from the Farmhouse of Adji Kui 1 (Margiana, Turkmenistan): Description, and Preliminary Analysis of an Oxus Civilisation Funerary Context”, in: М.Н. Губогло, В.В. Куфтерин (eds) ПРИРОДА – ЧЕЛОВЕК – ОБЩЕСТВО: ОТ ПРОШЛОГО К... more
“Grave ADJ1.F from the Farmhouse of Adji Kui 1 (Margiana, Turkmenistan): Description, and Preliminary Analysis of an Oxus Civilisation Funerary Context”, in: М.Н. Губогло, В.В. Куфтерин (eds) ПРИРОДА – ЧЕЛОВЕК – ОБЩЕСТВО: ОТ ПРОШЛОГО К НАСТОЯЩЕМУ. Сборник статей к юбилею Н.А. Дубовой - M-N. Guboglo and V.V. Kufterin (eds.) NATURE – MAN – SOCIETY: FROM PAST TO PRESENT. Collection of papers in honor of Nadezhda Dubova’s jubilee, Moscow - Staryy Sad: 84 - 97. (co-authored by: G. Rossi Osmida and A. Cengia) ISBN 978-5-89930-162-9
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The sources in Greek and Latin languages have often passed on valuable and interesting information on the ancient populations that occupied the steppes of easternmost Europe. However, the scarce geographical knowledge of the period and... more
The sources in Greek and Latin languages have often passed on valuable and interesting information on the ancient populations that occupied the steppes of easternmost Europe. However, the scarce geographical knowledge of the period and the use of second- and third-hand informers by the ancient writers, have contributed to create great confusion and uncertainties regarding the exact location of peoples, rivers and water basins. In some cases, it seems that reliable news has been mixed with myths and legends, creating a stratification of perceptions that today is difficult to interpret. Thus, the historical geography of the nomadic groups inhabiting the lower reaches of the Volga and Ural rivers as well as the northern shores of the Caspian Sea is a matter of heated debate. Numerous ethnonyms are mentioned in the sources: some of them refer to mobile communities described with a relative wealth of information concerning life styles, weapons and warfare, while other are ethnonyms of which very few is known. The archaeological discoveries in this vast territory have been numerous and important, but it is not easy at all to establish a tight and biunivocal relationship between ethnonyms and archaeological data, when the written sources are few and lack precision.
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This article deals with the recent discovery of a granite-porphyry artefact with a grooved tip. Possibly a sceptre or a pestle, it was found by chance in Western Kazakhstan, however, no precise data regarding the location and... more
This article deals with the recent discovery of a granite-porphyry artefact with a grooved tip. Possibly a sceptre or a pestle, it was found by chance in Western Kazakhstan, however, no precise data regarding the location
and archaeological context of the discovery is available. The search for comparable finds over a vast territory, which includes Central and Middle Asia as well as the surrounding regions of the Eurasian steppes, has led to the identification of somewhat analogous artefacts. Thus, this typological class of sceptres or pestles with grooved tip appears to have been prevalent across Eurasia between the mid-3rd and the mid-2nd millennium BC in stratigraphic association with Middle and Late Bronze Age material. Significant cultural analogies with Shipunovo V sceptres
appear to chronologically place the Western Kazakhstan sceptre to a period between the late 3rd and early 2nd millennium BC. From a semantic point of view, it is conceivable that this object may have been both a symbol of power and status (sceptre) as well as a work tool (pestle) among the pastoral and metallurgic communities that
inhabited Eurasia during the Middle and Late Bronze Age.
and archaeological context of the discovery is available. The search for comparable finds over a vast territory, which includes Central and Middle Asia as well as the surrounding regions of the Eurasian steppes, has led to the identification of somewhat analogous artefacts. Thus, this typological class of sceptres or pestles with grooved tip appears to have been prevalent across Eurasia between the mid-3rd and the mid-2nd millennium BC in stratigraphic association with Middle and Late Bronze Age material. Significant cultural analogies with Shipunovo V sceptres
appear to chronologically place the Western Kazakhstan sceptre to a period between the late 3rd and early 2nd millennium BC. From a semantic point of view, it is conceivable that this object may have been both a symbol of power and status (sceptre) as well as a work tool (pestle) among the pastoral and metallurgic communities that
inhabited Eurasia during the Middle and Late Bronze Age.
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The human settlement in the Inner Syrdarya delta in the second half of the 1st millennium BCE is characterised by walled sites of large sizes, containing different funerary structures like barrows, mud-bricks square mausolea and deep... more
The human settlement in the Inner Syrdarya delta in the second half of the 1st millennium BCE is characterised by walled sites of large sizes, containing different funerary structures like barrows, mud-bricks square mausolea and deep shaft-graves, fortified citadels and a huge number of small-sized rural sites located along natural and artificial rivers, palaeo-rivers and canals. The material culture associated to these sites attests evidences of the Achaemenid presence. Besides of the fine, wheel-made pottery production, witnessed by bowls and plates, jars and canteens of different sizes and functions, always found in association with steppe-like ceramic of rough manufacture, it must be mentioned also the presence of square-shaped bricks (about 42×42×8-10 centimetres), from Sengir Tam, with fingers imprints on their surfaces in the form of crosses, double-crosses and single lines. The most important artefacts so far collected, witnessing the Achaemenid presence, are represented by the fragments of two large vessels, alabastra, in gypsum characterised by the same Old Greek inscription on their shoulder, and by a complete canteen characterised by an Aramaic inscription on its body.
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By sequencing 523 ancient humans, we show that the primary source of ancestry in modern South Asians is a prehistoric genetic gradient between people related to early hunter-gatherers of Iran and Southeast Asia. After the Indus Valley... more
By sequencing 523 ancient humans, we show that the primary source of ancestry in modern South Asians is a prehistoric genetic gradient between people related to early hunter-gatherers of Iran and Southeast Asia. After the Indus Valley Civilization’s decline, its people mixed with individuals in the southeast to form one of the two main ancestral populations of South Asia, whose direct descendants live in southern India. Simultaneously, they mixed with descendants of Steppe pastoralists who, starting around 4000 years ago, spread via Central Asia to form the other main ancestral population. The Steppe ancestry in South Asia has the same profile as that in Bronze Age Eastern Europe, tracking a movement of people that affected both regions and that likely spread the distinctive features shared between Indo-Iranian and Balto-Slavic languages.
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By sequencing 523 ancient humans, we show that the primary source of ancestry in modern South Asians is a prehistoric genetic gradient between people related to early hunter-gatherers of Iran and Southeast Asia. After the Indus Valley... more
By sequencing 523 ancient humans, we show that the primary source of ancestry in modern South Asians is a prehistoric genetic gradient between people related to early hunter-gatherers of Iran and Southeast Asia. After the Indus Valley Civilization’s decline, its people mixed with individuals in the southeast to form one of the two main ancestral populations of South Asia, whose direct descendants live in southern India. Simultaneously, they mixed with descendants of Steppe pastoralists who, starting around 4000 years ago, spread via Central Asia to form the other main ancestral population.
The Steppe ancestry in South Asia has the same profile as that in Bronze Age Eastern Europe, tracking a movement of people that affected both regions and that likely spread the distinctive features shared between Indo-Iranian and Balto-Slavic languages.
The Steppe ancestry in South Asia has the same profile as that in Bronze Age Eastern Europe, tracking a movement of people that affected both regions and that likely spread the distinctive features shared between Indo-Iranian and Balto-Slavic languages.
Research Interests:
By sequencing 523 ancient humans, we show that the primary source of ancestry in modern South Asians is a prehistoric genetic gradient between people related to early hunter-gatherers of Iran and Southeast Asia. After the Indus Valley... more
By sequencing 523 ancient humans, we show that the primary source of ancestry in modern South Asians is a prehistoric genetic gradient between people related to early hunter-gatherers of Iran and Southeast Asia. After the Indus Valley Civilization’s decline, its people mixed with individuals in the southeast to form one of the two main ancestral populations of South Asia, whose direct descendants live in southern India. Simultaneously, they mixed with descendants of Steppe pastoralists who, starting around 4000 years ago, spread via Central Asia to form the other main ancestral population.
The Steppe ancestry in South Asia has the same profile as that in Bronze Age Eastern Europe, tracking a movement of people that affected both regions and that likely spread the distinctive features shared between Indo-Iranian and Balto-Slavic languages.
The Steppe ancestry in South Asia has the same profile as that in Bronze Age Eastern Europe, tracking a movement of people that affected both regions and that likely spread the distinctive features shared between Indo-Iranian and Balto-Slavic languages.
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Science 06 Sep 2019: Vol. 365, Issue 6457, eaat7487 Below: Abstract/List of Authors Abstract: "By sequencing 523 ancient humans, we show that the primary source of ancestry in modern South Asians is a prehistoric genetic gradient... more
Science 06 Sep 2019:
Vol. 365, Issue 6457, eaat7487
Below: Abstract/List of Authors
Abstract:
"By sequencing 523 ancient humans, we show that the primary source of ancestry in modern South Asians is a prehistoric genetic gradient between people related to early hunter-gatherers of Iran and Southeast Asia. After the Indus Valley Civilization’s decline, its people mixed with individuals in the southeast to form one of the two main ancestral populations of South Asia, whose direct descendants live in southern India. Simultaneously, they mixed with descendants of Steppe pastoralists who, starting around 4000 years ago, spread via Central Asia to form the other main ancestral population. The Steppe ancestry in South Asia has the same profile as that in Bronze Age Eastern Europe, tracking a movement of people that affected both regions and that likely spread the distinctive features shared between Indo-Iranian and Balto-Slavic languages."
Authors:
Vagheesh M. Narasimhan1,*,†, Nick Patterson2,3,*,†, Priya Moorjani4,5,‡, Nadin Rohland1,2,‡, Rebecca Bernardos1, Swapan Mallick1,2,6,‡, Iosif Lazaridis1, Nathan Nakatsuka1,7, Iñigo Olalde1, Mark Lipson1, Alexander M. Kim1,8, Luca M. Olivieri9, Alfredo Coppa10, Massimo Vidale9,11, James Mallory12, Vyacheslav Moiseyev13, Egor Kitov14,15,16, Janet Monge17, Nicole Adamski1,6, Neel Alex18, Nasreen Broomandkhoshbacht1,6,§, Francesca Candilio19,20, Kimberly Callan1,6, Olivia Cheronet19,21,22, Brendan J. Culleton23, Matthew Ferry1,6, Daniel Fernandes19,21,22,24, Suzanne Freilich22, Beatriz Gamarra19,21,25,||,¶, Daniel Gaudio19,21, Mateja Hajdinjak26, Éadaoin Harney1,6,27, Thomas K. Harper28, Denise Keating19, Ann Marie Lawson1,6, Matthew Mah1,2,6, Kirsten Mandl22, Megan Michel1,6,#,**, Mario Novak19,29, Jonas Oppenheimer1,6,††, Niraj Rai30,31, Kendra Sirak1,19,32, Viviane Slon26, Kristin Stewardson1,6, Fatma Zalzala1,6, Zhao Zhang1, Gaziz Akhatov15, Anatoly N. Bagashev33, Alessandra Bagnera9, Bauryzhan Baitanayev15, Julio Bendezu-Sarmiento34, Arman A. Bissembaev15,35, Gian Luca Bonora36, Temirlan T. Chargynov37, Tatiana Chikisheva38, Petr K. Dashkovskiy39, Anatoly Derevianko38, Miroslav Dobeš40, Katerina Douka41,42, Nadezhda Dubova14, Meiram N. Duisengali35, Dmitry Enshin33, Andrey Epimakhov43,44, Alexey V. Fribus45, Dorian Fuller46,47, Alexander Goryachev33, Andrey Gromov13, Sergey P. Grushin48, Bryan Hanks49, Margaret Judd49, Erlan Kazizov15, Aleksander Khokhlov50, Aleksander P. Krygin51, Elena Kupriyanova52, Pavel Kuznetsov50, Donata Luiselli53, Farhod Maksudov54, Aslan M. Mamedov55, Talgat B. Mamirov15, Christopher Meiklejohn56, Deborah C. Merrett57, Roberto Micheli9,58, Oleg Mochalov50, Samariddin Mustafokulov54,59, Ayushi Nayak41, Davide Pettener60, Richard Potts61, Dmitry Razhev33, Marina Rykun62, Stefania Sarno60, Tatyana M. Savenkova63, Kulyan Sikhymbaeva64, Sergey M. Slepchenko33, Oroz A. Soltobaev37, Nadezhda Stepanova38, Svetlana Svyatko13,65, Kubatbek Tabaldiev66, Maria Teschler-Nicola22,67, Alexey A. Tishkin68, Vitaly V. Tkachev69, Sergey Vasilyev14,70, Petr Velemínský71, Dmitriy Voyakin15,72, Antonina Yermolayeva15, Muhammad Zahir41,73, Valery S. Zubkov74, Alisa Zubova13, Vasant S. Shinde75, Carles Lalueza-Fox76, Matthias Meyer26, David Anthony77, Nicole Boivin41,‡, Kumarasamy Thangaraj30,‡, Douglas J. Kennett23,28,78,‡, Michael Frachetti79,80,†, Ron Pinhasi19,22,†, David Reich1,2,6,81,†
Vol. 365, Issue 6457, eaat7487
Below: Abstract/List of Authors
Abstract:
"By sequencing 523 ancient humans, we show that the primary source of ancestry in modern South Asians is a prehistoric genetic gradient between people related to early hunter-gatherers of Iran and Southeast Asia. After the Indus Valley Civilization’s decline, its people mixed with individuals in the southeast to form one of the two main ancestral populations of South Asia, whose direct descendants live in southern India. Simultaneously, they mixed with descendants of Steppe pastoralists who, starting around 4000 years ago, spread via Central Asia to form the other main ancestral population. The Steppe ancestry in South Asia has the same profile as that in Bronze Age Eastern Europe, tracking a movement of people that affected both regions and that likely spread the distinctive features shared between Indo-Iranian and Balto-Slavic languages."
Authors:
Vagheesh M. Narasimhan1,*,†, Nick Patterson2,3,*,†, Priya Moorjani4,5,‡, Nadin Rohland1,2,‡, Rebecca Bernardos1, Swapan Mallick1,2,6,‡, Iosif Lazaridis1, Nathan Nakatsuka1,7, Iñigo Olalde1, Mark Lipson1, Alexander M. Kim1,8, Luca M. Olivieri9, Alfredo Coppa10, Massimo Vidale9,11, James Mallory12, Vyacheslav Moiseyev13, Egor Kitov14,15,16, Janet Monge17, Nicole Adamski1,6, Neel Alex18, Nasreen Broomandkhoshbacht1,6,§, Francesca Candilio19,20, Kimberly Callan1,6, Olivia Cheronet19,21,22, Brendan J. Culleton23, Matthew Ferry1,6, Daniel Fernandes19,21,22,24, Suzanne Freilich22, Beatriz Gamarra19,21,25,||,¶, Daniel Gaudio19,21, Mateja Hajdinjak26, Éadaoin Harney1,6,27, Thomas K. Harper28, Denise Keating19, Ann Marie Lawson1,6, Matthew Mah1,2,6, Kirsten Mandl22, Megan Michel1,6,#,**, Mario Novak19,29, Jonas Oppenheimer1,6,††, Niraj Rai30,31, Kendra Sirak1,19,32, Viviane Slon26, Kristin Stewardson1,6, Fatma Zalzala1,6, Zhao Zhang1, Gaziz Akhatov15, Anatoly N. Bagashev33, Alessandra Bagnera9, Bauryzhan Baitanayev15, Julio Bendezu-Sarmiento34, Arman A. Bissembaev15,35, Gian Luca Bonora36, Temirlan T. Chargynov37, Tatiana Chikisheva38, Petr K. Dashkovskiy39, Anatoly Derevianko38, Miroslav Dobeš40, Katerina Douka41,42, Nadezhda Dubova14, Meiram N. Duisengali35, Dmitry Enshin33, Andrey Epimakhov43,44, Alexey V. Fribus45, Dorian Fuller46,47, Alexander Goryachev33, Andrey Gromov13, Sergey P. Grushin48, Bryan Hanks49, Margaret Judd49, Erlan Kazizov15, Aleksander Khokhlov50, Aleksander P. Krygin51, Elena Kupriyanova52, Pavel Kuznetsov50, Donata Luiselli53, Farhod Maksudov54, Aslan M. Mamedov55, Talgat B. Mamirov15, Christopher Meiklejohn56, Deborah C. Merrett57, Roberto Micheli9,58, Oleg Mochalov50, Samariddin Mustafokulov54,59, Ayushi Nayak41, Davide Pettener60, Richard Potts61, Dmitry Razhev33, Marina Rykun62, Stefania Sarno60, Tatyana M. Savenkova63, Kulyan Sikhymbaeva64, Sergey M. Slepchenko33, Oroz A. Soltobaev37, Nadezhda Stepanova38, Svetlana Svyatko13,65, Kubatbek Tabaldiev66, Maria Teschler-Nicola22,67, Alexey A. Tishkin68, Vitaly V. Tkachev69, Sergey Vasilyev14,70, Petr Velemínský71, Dmitriy Voyakin15,72, Antonina Yermolayeva15, Muhammad Zahir41,73, Valery S. Zubkov74, Alisa Zubova13, Vasant S. Shinde75, Carles Lalueza-Fox76, Matthias Meyer26, David Anthony77, Nicole Boivin41,‡, Kumarasamy Thangaraj30,‡, Douglas J. Kennett23,28,78,‡, Michael Frachetti79,80,†, Ron Pinhasi19,22,†, David Reich1,2,6,81,†
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By sequencing 523 ancient humans, we show that the primary source of ancestry in modern South Asians is a prehistoric genetic gradient between people related to early hunter-gatherers of Iran and Southeast Asia. After the Indus Valley... more
By sequencing 523 ancient humans, we show that the primary source of ancestry in modern South Asians is a prehistoric genetic gradient between people related to early hunter-gatherers of Iran and Southeast Asia. After the Indus Valley Civilization’s decline, its people mixed with individuals in the southeast to form one of the two main ancestral populations of South Asia, whose direct descendants live in southern India. Simultaneously, they mixed with descendants of Steppe pastoralists who, starting around 4000 years ago, spread via Central Asia to form the other main ancestral population.
The Steppe ancestry in South Asia has the same profile as that in Bronze Age Eastern Europe, tracking a movement of people that affected both regions and that likely spread the distinctive features shared between Indo-Iranian and Balto-Slavic languages.
The Steppe ancestry in South Asia has the same profile as that in Bronze Age Eastern Europe, tracking a movement of people that affected both regions and that likely spread the distinctive features shared between Indo-Iranian and Balto-Slavic languages.
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Brief paper in Italian about the Museum and Memorial Complex of the victims of political repressions and totalitarianism, commonly known as ALZHIR, located not far from Astana / Nur-sultan.
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The burial ground of Tagisken North, characterised by seven monumental mausolea and other adjoining structures made of mud brick and rammed earth, was excavated and studied by members of the “Khorezm Expedition” (KhAEE) in the 60’s and... more
The burial ground of Tagisken North, characterised by seven monumental mausolea and other adjoining structures made of mud brick and rammed earth, was excavated and studied by members of the “Khorezm Expedition” (KhAEE) in the 60’s and dated to the beginning of the 1st millennium BC (9th-8th centuries BC). This cemetery boasts a significant amount of artefacts pertaining to the Late Andronovo period.
In light of new archaeological findings and recent chronological refinements, and thanks to improved scientific cooperation within the academic world, greater accuracy in determining the chronology of steppe cultures through abundant radiocarbon dating and better research standards, the time has now come for a general revision of the chronology of this burial ground.
The radiocarbon sequence for the Andronovo culture is notably a subject of heated debate, due to the wide range of absolute dating. The differences between the chronological frames of Central Asia proposed by Russian-Central Asian and foreign archaeologists are considerable. Calibrated dates have, of course, extended the traditional periodization leading to alternative “high” chronologies, i.e. 300-500 years earlier than the traditional chronologies based on cross-cultural analogies and formal comparisons. Steppe and Pre-Aral materials may now be unquestionably linked to artefacts from Middle Asia. In the best of circumstances, the latter may in turn be linked to historical chronologies established for the Ancient Near and Middle East.
In light of this evidence, this paper proposes that the northern part of the Tagisken plateau was used as a burial ground as far back as the mid-2nd millennium BC, if not earlier, and continued to be used as such until the 13th century BC.
In light of new archaeological findings and recent chronological refinements, and thanks to improved scientific cooperation within the academic world, greater accuracy in determining the chronology of steppe cultures through abundant radiocarbon dating and better research standards, the time has now come for a general revision of the chronology of this burial ground.
The radiocarbon sequence for the Andronovo culture is notably a subject of heated debate, due to the wide range of absolute dating. The differences between the chronological frames of Central Asia proposed by Russian-Central Asian and foreign archaeologists are considerable. Calibrated dates have, of course, extended the traditional periodization leading to alternative “high” chronologies, i.e. 300-500 years earlier than the traditional chronologies based on cross-cultural analogies and formal comparisons. Steppe and Pre-Aral materials may now be unquestionably linked to artefacts from Middle Asia. In the best of circumstances, the latter may in turn be linked to historical chronologies established for the Ancient Near and Middle East.
In light of this evidence, this paper proposes that the northern part of the Tagisken plateau was used as a burial ground as far back as the mid-2nd millennium BC, if not earlier, and continued to be used as such until the 13th century BC.
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The Earliest Tattoos from the Frozen Tombs of Altai
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The article provides historical reference on the phases of Islam's diffusion into Dasht-i Kypchak. Already in 8th - 10th centuries Central Kazakhstan was bordering with states of Islamic culture and ideology. The main centres for the... more
The article provides historical reference on the phases of Islam's diffusion into Dasht-i Kypchak. Already in 8th - 10th centuries Central Kazakhstan was bordering with states of Islamic culture and ideology. The main centres for the spread of Islam toward Dasht-i Kipchak were the Bulgaria Region along the Volga river and the Muslim states of Central Asia.
Considering the absence of written sources focusing on the spiritual culture of the medieval Saryarka, the archaeological findings are of crucial importance. Thus, the historical reconstruction is supported by archaeological material from the ancient settlement of Bozok, dated back from the 8th till the 15th centuries. Archaeological evidences of islamisation are here presented: the growth of cities, the construction of mausoleums, and the standardisation of the funeral rite according to the muslim cultural tradition. Sixty-two muslim burials were excavated in the ancient settlement of Bozok. Details of the rite reveal the degree of islamisation of the population who lived in eastern part of the Dasht-i Kipchak in the Middle Ages. With precise references to the Sharia, the regulations and requirements for burial rituals and their implementation in specific graves of the Bozok town are set out. Also are here presented a typology and classification of the burials according to the Muslim burial grounds of the Volga region, where large-scale excavations were carried out in the past. Moreover, the article provides a brief description of some mausoleums, the remains of which were excavated at Bozok. On account of their architectural layouts and details of the funeral rite, these funerary constructions are dated to the 13th - 14th centuries. These mausoleums set then the northern borders of the Islamic world in the 13th - 14th centuries.
Considering the absence of written sources focusing on the spiritual culture of the medieval Saryarka, the archaeological findings are of crucial importance. Thus, the historical reconstruction is supported by archaeological material from the ancient settlement of Bozok, dated back from the 8th till the 15th centuries. Archaeological evidences of islamisation are here presented: the growth of cities, the construction of mausoleums, and the standardisation of the funeral rite according to the muslim cultural tradition. Sixty-two muslim burials were excavated in the ancient settlement of Bozok. Details of the rite reveal the degree of islamisation of the population who lived in eastern part of the Dasht-i Kipchak in the Middle Ages. With precise references to the Sharia, the regulations and requirements for burial rituals and their implementation in specific graves of the Bozok town are set out. Also are here presented a typology and classification of the burials according to the Muslim burial grounds of the Volga region, where large-scale excavations were carried out in the past. Moreover, the article provides a brief description of some mausoleums, the remains of which were excavated at Bozok. On account of their architectural layouts and details of the funeral rite, these funerary constructions are dated to the 13th - 14th centuries. These mausoleums set then the northern borders of the Islamic world in the 13th - 14th centuries.
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Sembra incredibile che la «Margush» dei Persiani, potente e ricchissima, sia sfuggita alle attenzioni degli archeologi sino a due decenni fa. Nemmeno i contemporanei testi cuneiformi del tardo III Millennio A.C. Ne fanno chiara menzione.... more
Sembra incredibile che la «Margush» dei Persiani, potente e ricchissima, sia sfuggita alle attenzioni degli archeologi sino a due decenni fa. Nemmeno i contemporanei testi cuneiformi del tardo III Millennio A.C. Ne fanno chiara menzione. tuttavia, grazie all’intuito degli studiosi sovietici, oggi sappiamo che i re della Margiana protostorica vivevano in palazzi sontuosi, pari a quelli di Ur, Ebla e Mari. E le scoperte di gonur hanno rivoluzionato l’archeologia orientale
It seems that the incredible "Margush” of Persian, powerful and rich, was out of the attention of archaeologists up to two decades ago. Even the cuneiform texts of the late third millennium B.C. make clear mention. However, thanks to the intuition of Soviet scholars, today we know that the ruler of protohistoric Margiana lived in sumptuous buildings, equal to those of Ur, Ebla and Mari. And discoveries of Gonur have revolutionised Eastern archaeology.
Some events of prf. Victor Sarainidi biography and his discoveries are shortly describing.
It seems that the incredible "Margush” of Persian, powerful and rich, was out of the attention of archaeologists up to two decades ago. Even the cuneiform texts of the late third millennium B.C. make clear mention. However, thanks to the intuition of Soviet scholars, today we know that the ruler of protohistoric Margiana lived in sumptuous buildings, equal to those of Ur, Ebla and Mari. And discoveries of Gonur have revolutionised Eastern archaeology.
Some events of prf. Victor Sarainidi biography and his discoveries are shortly describing.
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This paper describes the evolution of Early Urban Societies in the Prehistory of Turkmenistan, from the Djeitun Neolithic period till the Late Bronze Age.
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This article discusses firstly the silver bowl with inscription discovered by K.A. Akishev in the “Golden Man” funerary barrow of Issyk, highlighting that this inscription may be of allochthonous origin, possibly written in a Kharosthï... more
This article discusses firstly the silver bowl with inscription discovered by K.A. Akishev in the “Golden Man” funerary barrow of Issyk, highlighting that this inscription may be of allochthonous origin, possibly written in a Kharosthï alphabet to express words and concepts of a Saka dialect. Some etymological comments on the Scythian and Saka ethnonyms attest that the root of these lessems could be of Indo-European and not of old Turk origin, as recently suggested by some scholars according to their interpretation of the already mentioned inscription on the silver bowl from Issyk. Other epigraphical documents dated back to the the second half of the 1st mill. BC recently discovered from archaeological excavations in southern Kazakhstan (at Chirik Rabat, in the inner Syrdarya delta) attest other, different languages (old Greek and Aramaic) that were widespread in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea and across Near and Middle East. The analysis of the few silver manufacts so far discovered in southern Kazakhstan, all of them found in different kurgans at Issyk, as well as the study of the distribution of the silver spoons with duck-head end, one of them was found by K.A. Akishev in the funerary inventory of the so-called Golden Man barrow, allow us to suggest that the silver production documented in southern Kazakhstan in the second half of the 1st mill BC is of allochthonous origin. The silver items were manufactured far from the Eurasian steppe of the contemporary Republic of Kazakhstan and then traded or gifted during peculiar or important occasions. This hypothesis seems to fit very well also with regard to the analysis of the silver spoons with a duck-head end, which in the 1st millennium BC were peculiarly widespread in the eastern part of the Mediterranean Sea. In conclusion, we hypothesise that the Issyk inscription as well as the others recently discovered epigraphical documents provide little evidence to interpret the local past of the ancient inhabitants of the Central Asia steppes, with exception to their cultural and social interactions. Otherwise, they can brought light to the past of those communities or individuals which have manufactured the objects, incised the signs and words, and then traded or gifted.
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This brief glossary is intended to help the reader understand the translation of terms and concepts in the book of B.V. Andrianov "Ancient Irrigation Systems of the Aral Sea Area. The History, Origin and Development of Irrigated... more
This brief glossary is intended to help the reader understand the translation of terms and concepts in the book of B.V. Andrianov "Ancient Irrigation Systems of the Aral Sea Area. The History, Origin and Development of Irrigated Agriculture"
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This article presents the results of the most important excavations and the scientific achievements of the archaeological research in Kazakhstan from 1991, year of the independence, till today. Archaeological fieldwork in this country has... more
This article presents the results of the most important excavations and the scientific achievements of the archaeological research in Kazakhstan from 1991, year of the independence, till today. Archaeological fieldwork in this country has been vigorously resumed since the beginning of the 1990s. However, the results of this work remains largely unknown to the non-Russian and non-Kazakh speaking public. This reports seeks to introduce and describe the results of archaeological fieldwork carried out in Kazakhstan over the last twenty-five years, thereby focussing on the periods from prehistory to the Middle Age, and to discuss the impact of these new results upon currently prevailing opinions regarding the cultural development not only in Kazakhstan but also across the Eurasian expanse.
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Review of the book "Origins of Agriculture in Western Central Asia. An Environmental-Archaeological Study", edited and co-authored by David R. Harris.
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Brief introduction in Italian on the aims and the reasons of the Multilingual Dictionary of the Archaeological Terms, published in four different languages (Kazakh, Russian, English and Italian).
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A general review, up to 2014 of the published information on the use of tokens and seals (considering also seal impressions in clay) along the Kopet Dag piedmont, ca. from the late Neolithic to the late Chalcolithic.
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Report on the IAEK activities in the Syrdarya delta studying the Neolithic, Bronze and Early Iron Age human settlement
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A new, recently discovered porphyry sceptre or pestle with a grooved top is described in this article. Precise data on the location and archaeological context of the discovery are completely unknown, as well as any information regarding... more
A new, recently discovered porphyry sceptre or pestle with a grooved top is described in this article. Precise data on the location and archaeological context of the discovery are completely unknown, as well as any information regarding the possibility of stratigraphic material associated with it. The search for comparable finds over a vast territory, which includes Central and Middle Asia and surrounding regions, has allowed the identification of somewhat analogous artefacts. Thus, the typological class of sceptres or pestles with grooved tops seems to be widespread between the end of the 3rd and the first half of the 2nd millennium BC in stratigraphic association with Andronovo material. The earliest items could be chronologically attributed to the first half of the 3rd millennium BC in association with Afanas'evo findings. From a semantic point of view, it is conceivable that this object could have played simultaneously the role of a power symbol (sceptre) as well as a true work tool (pestle) among the pastoralists and metallurgists communities of the Bronze Age.
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Some notes on the ancient ethnonyms of the Scythian and Saka peoples and the interpretation of the inscription on the Issyk silver bowl. Are the interpretations of M. Vasmer, O. Szeremerényi, F. Cornillot, I. Gershevitch still conceivable... more
Some notes on the ancient ethnonyms of the Scythian and Saka peoples and the interpretation of the inscription on the Issyk silver bowl. Are the interpretations of M. Vasmer, O. Szeremerényi, F. Cornillot, I. Gershevitch still conceivable ??
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This paper discusses a recent discovery from the Bronze Age site of Shagalaly II, highlighting its wide and important cultural implications with Middle Asian contexts. Fragments of a potstand, of typical Middle Asian production, incised... more
This paper discusses a recent discovery from the Bronze Age site of Shagalaly II, highlighting its wide and important cultural implications with Middle Asian contexts. Fragments of a potstand, of typical Middle Asian production, incised by a trident-shaped potter's mark, which also finds close analogies among Indo-Iranian contexts, have been found during the excavation of a semi-dugout dwelling, in stratigraphical association with Late Bronze Age artefacts. The detailed diffusion of the potstands, a peculiar BMAC pottery type, is here presented as well as the distribution of the trident-shaped potter's marks in the 4th and 3rd millennium BC archaeological contexts of south Turkmenistan, south-central Iran and eastern Pakistan. The authors then highlights the wide and tight cultural interactions between the BMAC urban centres and the Eurasian steppe mobile pastoralists, pointing out that these two areas very different from a cultural and environmental point of view, in the Middle or Late Bronze Age began to share also elements of their communicative - symbolic system.
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This paper is devoted to the analysis of the topography of Shagalaly II as a Bronze Age settlement and as a prehistoric site complex articulated in some sectors, having different functions and exploited in different periods of the... more
This paper is devoted to the analysis of the topography of Shagalaly II as a Bronze Age settlement and as a prehistoric site complex articulated in some sectors, having different functions and exploited in different periods of the prehistory by large cattle-breeder communities of the Eurasian Steppe
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We are aware that this dictionary can be improved, and that other terms and concepts can be added and others modified or even corrected, for archaeology is a science in constant development. New technologies and software as well as new... more
We are aware that this dictionary can be improved, and that other terms and concepts can be added and others modified or even corrected, for archaeology is a science in constant development. New technologies and software as well as new digital applications quickly enrich the archaeological specific language with new lexemes and concepts that will find their appropriate use in the Kazakh language, as well as in English, Italian and Russian. We kindly invite all who read and use this dictionary to send us (eclglbonora@gmail.com) their comments, corrections, clarifications, new lexemes and their translations, as well as various notes in order to improve our current and future work.
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A brief text about my five-year experience in Astana, as a university professor of Archaeology and Anthropology of Central and Middle Asia in close contact with the social, cultural, and economic development of the Kazakhstan capital and... more
A brief text about my five-year experience in Astana, as a university professor of Archaeology and Anthropology of Central and Middle Asia in close contact with the social, cultural, and economic development of the Kazakhstan capital and the formation of a new generation of scholars.
Research Interests: Kazakhstan and Astana
Preliminary description of the Adji Kui graveyard and the burial ADJ120.AKR where, among other finds, a chlorite thymiaterion (censer) of rectangular shape, with four feet, decorated on its four sides, has been found. The presence of a... more
Preliminary description of the Adji Kui graveyard and the burial ADJ120.AKR where, among other finds, a chlorite thymiaterion (censer) of rectangular shape, with four feet, decorated on its four sides, has been found. The presence of a bronze phial and an applicator for cosmetic purposes in the funerary inventory of the grave ADJ120.AKR supports the hypothesis it was used as a make-up tool. However, it is also possible that it served — equipped with feet — as a base or stand for other objects, which are now lost.
Published in: ANCIENT AND MEDIEVAL CULTURES OF CENTRAL ASIA
(THE FORMATION, DEVELOPMENT AND INTERACTION OF URBANIZED AND CATTLE-BREEDING SOCIETIES) Proceedings of the international scientific conference dedicated to the 100th birth anniversary
of Doktor Nauk in Historical Sciences Anatolii M. Mandelstam and the 90th birth anniversary of Doktor Nauk in Historical Sciences Igor’ N. Khlopin, 10–12 November 2020, St. Petersburg
Published in: ANCIENT AND MEDIEVAL CULTURES OF CENTRAL ASIA
(THE FORMATION, DEVELOPMENT AND INTERACTION OF URBANIZED AND CATTLE-BREEDING SOCIETIES) Proceedings of the international scientific conference dedicated to the 100th birth anniversary
of Doktor Nauk in Historical Sciences Anatolii M. Mandelstam and the 90th birth anniversary of Doktor Nauk in Historical Sciences Igor’ N. Khlopin, 10–12 November 2020, St. Petersburg
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During the Stalin era, Astana became notorious for the presence of a labour camp, located about 35 km from it. It was conceived exclusively for the wives and children of important men who were interned elsewhere as traitors and betrayers... more
During the Stalin era, Astana became notorious for the presence of a labour camp, located about 35 km from it. It was conceived exclusively for the wives and children of important men who were interned elsewhere as traitors and betrayers of the motherland. The acronym of this camp was ALZHIR. Today, visitors can see a museum and commemorative complex where in the past the lager was sited. Opened on 31 May 2007, the complex documents the main social and political events happened in Kazakhstan in the last century, with peculiar attention to the life conditions in the ALZHIR lager. A black marble wall surrounds the museum by three sides: the names of more than 7,000 women are incised on its shining surface.
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Brief text in Italian about the life, deeds and cultural achievements of the last Seljuk ruler in Central and Middle Asia. The second part of the paper is devoted to the most important still standing building of the Seljuk period (12th... more
Brief text in Italian about the life, deeds and cultural achievements of the last Seljuk ruler in Central and Middle Asia. The second part of the paper is devoted to the most important still standing building of the Seljuk period (12th and 13th centuries), in Turkmenistan.
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The human settlement in the Inner Syrdarya delta at the middle and in the 2nd half of the 1st millennium BC is characterised by walled sites of large sizes, containing different funerary structures like huge barrows, mud-bricks square... more
The human settlement in the Inner Syrdarya delta at the middle and in the 2nd half of the 1st millennium BC is characterised by walled sites of large sizes, containing different funerary structures like huge barrows, mud-bricks square mausolea and deep shaft-graves, fortified citadels and a huge number of small-sized rural sites located along natural and artificial rivers, palaeo-rivers and canals.
The material culture associated to these sites attests some evidences of the Achaemenid presence. Besides of the fine, wheel-made pottery production, witnessed by bowls and plates, jars and canteens of different sizes and functions, always found in association with steppe-like ceramic of rough manufacture, it must be mentioned also the presence of square-shaped bricks (about 42 x 42 x 8-10 cm), from Sengir Tam, with fingers imprints on their surfaces in the form of crosses, double-crosses and single lines.
The most important artefacts so far collected, related to the Achaemenid presence, are represented by the fragments of two large vessels, alabastron, in gypsum inscribed by the same Old Greek writing on their shoulder and discovered in a square mausoleum in the site of Chirik Rabat, and by a complete pilgrim flask characterised by an Aramaic inscription on its body, found during the excavation of the site of Inkar-kala, about 5 km south-east of Chirik Rabat.
What is possible to infer from the archaeological evidences is that the Inner Syrdarya delta has to be considered not just a peripheral country but part of the Achaemenid socio-cultural reality. Its position, farthest north and close to the Saka lands (i.e. the steppes), was well known to the kindred populations of the south at least at the beginning of Achaemenid history, with Cyrus (or even before). The inhabitants of the inner Syrdarya from the end of the 6th – beginning of the 5th century BC developed a local sedentary culture in which the contribution of the southern areas of Central Asia under the control of the Achaemenid Empire is archaeologically proven, although this “control” needs to be still quantified and determined. The presence of Saka kurgans, the parallel development of first fortified settlements in the 5th century BC and the further transformation of the rural landscape attested at the end of the 5th century BC, show how the area at the middle of the 1st millennium BC was a land of connections and cultural interactions with a sudden development of infrastructures and settlements that cannot be explained in a peripheral and isolated area.
The material culture associated to these sites attests some evidences of the Achaemenid presence. Besides of the fine, wheel-made pottery production, witnessed by bowls and plates, jars and canteens of different sizes and functions, always found in association with steppe-like ceramic of rough manufacture, it must be mentioned also the presence of square-shaped bricks (about 42 x 42 x 8-10 cm), from Sengir Tam, with fingers imprints on their surfaces in the form of crosses, double-crosses and single lines.
The most important artefacts so far collected, related to the Achaemenid presence, are represented by the fragments of two large vessels, alabastron, in gypsum inscribed by the same Old Greek writing on their shoulder and discovered in a square mausoleum in the site of Chirik Rabat, and by a complete pilgrim flask characterised by an Aramaic inscription on its body, found during the excavation of the site of Inkar-kala, about 5 km south-east of Chirik Rabat.
What is possible to infer from the archaeological evidences is that the Inner Syrdarya delta has to be considered not just a peripheral country but part of the Achaemenid socio-cultural reality. Its position, farthest north and close to the Saka lands (i.e. the steppes), was well known to the kindred populations of the south at least at the beginning of Achaemenid history, with Cyrus (or even before). The inhabitants of the inner Syrdarya from the end of the 6th – beginning of the 5th century BC developed a local sedentary culture in which the contribution of the southern areas of Central Asia under the control of the Achaemenid Empire is archaeologically proven, although this “control” needs to be still quantified and determined. The presence of Saka kurgans, the parallel development of first fortified settlements in the 5th century BC and the further transformation of the rural landscape attested at the end of the 5th century BC, show how the area at the middle of the 1st millennium BC was a land of connections and cultural interactions with a sudden development of infrastructures and settlements that cannot be explained in a peripheral and isolated area.
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This paper presents the main results of the most important excavations and the scientific achievements of the archaeological research in Kazakhstan from 1991, year of the independence, till today. Peculiar attention is addressed to the... more
This paper presents the main results of the most important excavations and the scientific achievements of the archaeological research in Kazakhstan from 1991, year of the independence, till today. Peculiar attention is addressed to the discoveries in gold from Saka funerary barrows (Early Iron Age). The description of the gold findings from Taldy 2, in Central Kazakhstan, dated back to the 7th and 6th century BC, is provided with some suggestions about the socio-political and cultural meaning of the iconographical, zoomorphic depictions, as well as the manufacture techniques for the production of the gold items across the Eurasian Steppes. Then, the paper focuses on the recently excavated burial ground of Taksay 2, along the Ural river in western Kazakhstan, where in the sixth kurgan the Kazakh archaeologists discovered the burial of a woman individual, possibly a priestess, enriched by a very conspicuous amount of gold artefacts among them are worth mentioning zoomorphic plaques and small figures, earrings with floral ornaments, a grivna or torque, bracelets of armilla-type with inserts in turquoise, a mirror with gold handle and an unique wooden comb decorated by gold, square plaques. This rich Sarmatian burial has been chronologically attributed to the 6th - 5th century BC. The artefacts collected from the ice-filled burial grounds of the Altai region of Kazakhstan (Berel' and Karakaba) are represented mainly by wooden objects covered by a thin sheet of gold suggesting different perspectives and diverse manufacture techniques for the production of gold items between the mobile Saka communities of cattle-breeders of Western and Eastern Kazakhstan.
Archaeological fieldwork in Kazakhstan has been vigorously resumed since the beginning of the 1990s. However, the results of this work remains largely unknown to the non-Russian and non-Kazakh speaking public. This reports seeks to introduce and describe the results of archaeological fieldwork carried out in Kazakhstan over the last twenty-five years, thereby focussing primarily on the Early Iron Age and to discuss the impact of these new results upon currently prevailing opinions regarding the cultural development of the Saka mobile societies not only in Kazakhstan but also across the Eurasian expanse.
Archaeological fieldwork in Kazakhstan has been vigorously resumed since the beginning of the 1990s. However, the results of this work remains largely unknown to the non-Russian and non-Kazakh speaking public. This reports seeks to introduce and describe the results of archaeological fieldwork carried out in Kazakhstan over the last twenty-five years, thereby focussing primarily on the Early Iron Age and to discuss the impact of these new results upon currently prevailing opinions regarding the cultural development of the Saka mobile societies not only in Kazakhstan but also across the Eurasian expanse.
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Waiting for the complete catalog of the Adji Kui graves will be published, this paper intends to preliminary highlight the great complexity and variability of the funerary rituals in Bronze Age Margiana (southern Turkmenistan). Numerous... more
Waiting for the complete catalog of the Adji Kui graves will be published, this paper intends to preliminary highlight the great complexity and variability of the funerary rituals in Bronze Age Margiana (southern Turkmenistan). Numerous were the burial types as well as several the kind of use (primary and secondary; individual, multiple, and collective) of the funerary structures. At Adji Kui, cenotaphs were also frequently attested, as well as complete and partial skeletons of goat, lamb, kid, and dogs were buried in several graves. Specific details and preliminary interpretation are here advanced in relation to grave 18.07, where rituals officiated by a child or children are presumably attested, and grave 390.07, where a scorpion-shaped stamp seal has been found on the fractured skull of a female individual killed by a sword slash. The position of the seal above her head allows to advance a dramatic hypothesis on the death ritual the female individual had to undergo for reasons that we will never know.
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Noi sedentari abbiamo del nomadismo un'immagine sostanzialmente negativa. Infatti lo associamo ad una mancanza, ovvero all'assenza di una fissa dimora costituita da muri, da un tetto e da un focolare annerito dal fumo. Ci inseriamo... more
Noi sedentari abbiamo del nomadismo un'immagine sostanzialmente negativa. Infatti lo associamo ad una mancanza, ovvero all'assenza di una fissa dimora costituita da muri, da un tetto e da un focolare annerito dal fumo. Ci inseriamo comunque in una tradizione molto antica: da Eschilo che parla di "Sciti nomadi che abitano dimore di vimini intrecciato poste su carri ... " ad Erodoto che afferma che "è gente che non ha né città né mura, ma che trasporta la propria casa". In realtà, la nozione di nomadismo è ricca e complessa e il modo di essere nomadi è vario quanto i tipi di abitazione. Fonti archeologiche, storiche e iconografiche documentano che strutture abitative con telaio in legno erano costruite già in epoca protostorica: tende piccole e basse per la gente comune, tende più grandi per gli aristocratici e yurte gigantesche come palazzi per i capi tribali. Interamente riscaldate e abbellite da tappeti in lana e feltro, al loro interno veniva decisa la vita della comunità mobile: chi era amico e nemico, quali risorse ottenere e quali vendere, quando intraprendere la transumanza e verso dove, come utilizzare il latte, la carne, le pelli, la lana, i pascoli, l'acqua, gli schiavi presi in battaglia e gli aiuti offerti dalle comunità alleate. La yurta era quindi il palazzo del potere dove la politica e l'economia si intrecciavano per il benessere e lo sviluppo dei gruppi di allevatori mobili delle steppe euroasiatiche. Ma non solo. La yurta era considerata un modello dell'universo dove si incontravano il mondo maschile dei guerrieri, difensori dei pascoli e delle risorse, e il mondo femminile delle madri, protettrici dei figli e del focolare domestico.
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The Italian Archaeological Mission in Kazakhstan (IAEK) has carried out research, excavations and reconnaissance in recent years, in close scientific collaboration with the Institute of Archeology K.A. Akishev of Nur-sultan. Different... more
The Italian Archaeological Mission in Kazakhstan (IAEK) has carried out research, excavations and reconnaissance in recent years, in close scientific collaboration with the Institute of Archeology K.A. Akishev of Nur-sultan. Different geographical areas of the Akmola region have been explored. The objectives of the research have been manifold. First, the reconstruction of the oldest history and human settlement of the region of the capital of Kazakhstan. Secondly, the typological description and the current state of conservation of the preserved archaeological sites and, moreover, the identification of a large site characterized by settlements and funerary structures of different periods where to organise a long-lasting archaeological excavation for the professional training of the students of the Faculty of History of the Eurasian University "L. Gumilev" of Nur-sultan
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Research Interests:
Nel primo giorno del convegno si tratterà di tematiche storiche a partire dalle prime testimonianze di tessuti asiatici nel mondo occidentale, al riconoscimento e apprezzamento del loro valore come manufatti di pregio, fino a diventare,... more
Nel primo giorno del convegno si tratterà di tematiche storiche a partire dalle prime testimonianze di tessuti asiatici nel mondo occidentale, al riconoscimento e apprezzamento del loro valore come manufatti di pregio, fino a diventare, in seguito, elementi di commercio e scambio da parte delle varie potenze coloniali. I loro percorsi in rotte diverse tra Asia ed Europa crearono da un lato relazioni economiche di rilevanza, dall'altro vere e proprie mode, influenzando il costume europeo e lo stile manifatturiero del tempo
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The culture of Chirik Rabat flourished during the second half of the 1st millennium BCE in the Inner Syr Darya delta, along the Zhana Darya and Inkar Darya deltaic branches. The main centres of this culture (Chirik Rabat, Babish Mulla,... more
The culture of Chirik Rabat flourished during the second half of the 1st millennium BCE in the Inner Syr Darya delta, along the Zhana Darya and Inkar Darya deltaic branches. The main centres of this culture (Chirik Rabat, Babish Mulla, Balandy, and Sengir Tam) are represented by large fortified sites characterised by monumental architecture and funerary constructions (round and square mau- soleums made of mud-brick and pakhsa, earthen barrows, slag kurgans (barrows), deep shaft pits, and so on). At the same time, there is a complete lack of evidence of the typical functions of a city, such as residential areas for concentrations of population, a density and differentiation of buildings, as well as specialised production and workshops, and it appears that these centres played no central role in mercantile relations and interactions with other communities. This paper presents some results of the archaeological research carried out in recent years by various teams with the aim of analysing the characteristics of the settlement pattern in the Inner Syr Darya delta.
Keywords: Syr Darya delta, Early Iron Age, Chirik Rabat culture, settlement patterns
Keywords: Syr Darya delta, Early Iron Age, Chirik Rabat culture, settlement patterns
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Seminario di studi: Abitare un territorio: villaggi, insediamenti, città sull’altopiano Iranico e l’Asia Centrale dalla protostoria all’epoca Sasanide.
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Seminario di studi: Abitare un territorio: villaggi, insediamenti, città sull’altopiano Iranico e l’Asia Centrale dalla protostoria all’epoca Sasanide.
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Book Review: Varfolomeev, V., Loman, V., Evdokimov, V., Kent, a Bronze Age City in the Center of the Kazakh Steppes. Astana, Kazakh Research Institute of Culture Ministry of Sport and Culture of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 2017, Ancient Civilisations from Scythia to Siberia, 27, 1 (2021): 175-187.more
Review of the trilingual (Russian, Kazakh, and English) book dedicated to the Bronze Age site of Kent in Central Kazakhstan
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Book review of J. Lhuillier, N. Boroffka (éds), A Millennium of History. The Iron Age in southern Central Asia (2nd and 1st Millennia BC). Proceedings of the Conference held in Berlin (June 23-25, 2014) Dedicated to the Memory of Viktor... more
Book review of J. Lhuillier, N. Boroffka (éds), A Millennium of History. The Iron Age in southern Central Asia (2nd and 1st Millennia BC). Proceedings of the Conference held in Berlin (June 23-25, 2014) Dedicated to the Memory of Viktor Ivanovich Sarianidi, Archäologie in Iran und Turan 17, Berlin: Dietrich Reimer Verlag (2018)
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Review of the book by Kalieva, S. and Logvin, V. about the settlement of Kumkeshu 1: a Reference Monument of the Eneolithic Tersek Culture in northern Kazakhstan
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For the first time ever, the site of Kumkeshu 1, its excavation and the material culture collected in it during the three years of research (1984, 1986 and 1990), are presented in an extensive and accurate manner in three languages... more
For the first time ever, the site of Kumkeshu 1, its excavation and the material culture collected in it during the three years of research (1984, 1986 and 1990), are presented in an extensive and accurate manner in three languages (Russian, English and Kazakh). The book deals with the topographical characterisation of this main site, as well as other important sites of the Tersek culture (Kozhai 1 and Solenoye Ozero 1), and the analytical descriptions and typological differentiations of the lithic industry, stone tools and instruments, and ceramic artefacts found at Kumkeshu 1.
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This volume is a superb addition to the collection of ever-expanding literature on the Bronze Age period and proto-urban societies of the Near and Middle East. The authors and editors must be commended for writing and producing such a... more
This volume is a superb addition to the collection of ever-expanding literature on the Bronze Age period and proto-urban societies of the Near and Middle East. The authors and editors must be commended for writing and producing such a well-researched book. It constitutes, in my opinion, a very important contribution to our scientific knowledge and a benchmark of reference for any scholar interested in the prehistoric period of Middle Asia, having indeed set a high standard for future research in bead making across the Iranian Plateau.
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Doctoral or Ph.D. Thesis on Iran, Turkey and Central Asia: “Archaeological Perspectives in the Linguistic Reconstruction of Protohistorical Baluchistan”. The thesis has been defended the 14th of June, 2006 at the Department of Asiatic... more
Doctoral or Ph.D. Thesis on Iran, Turkey and Central Asia: “Archaeological Perspectives in the Linguistic Reconstruction of Protohistorical Baluchistan”. The thesis has been defended the 14th of June, 2006 at the Department of Asiatic Studies, University of Naples “L’Orientale”
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Catalog of the graves (814) of the Bronze Age site of Adji Kui. Grave 19 of the Farmstead. Only the text is here provided: drawings and photos will be uploaded only after the publication of the whole book. For any further information and... more
Catalog of the graves (814) of the Bronze Age site of Adji Kui. Grave 19 of the Farmstead. Only the text is here provided: drawings and photos will be uploaded only after the publication of the whole book. For any further information and questions do not hesitate to contact me: eclglbonora@gmail.com
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Thank You. Stay well, stay healthy
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Catalog of the graves (814) of the Bronze Age site of Adji Kui. Grave 18 of the Farmstead. Only the text is here provided: drawings and photos will be uploaded only after the publication of the whole book. For any further information and... more
Catalog of the graves (814) of the Bronze Age site of Adji Kui. Grave 18 of the Farmstead. Only the text is here provided: drawings and photos will be uploaded only after the publication of the whole book. For any further information and questions do not hesitate to contact me: eclglbonora@gmail.com
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Catalog of the graves (814) of the Bronze Age site of Adji Kui. Grave 17 of the Farmstead. Only the text is here provided: drawings and photos will be uploaded only after the publication of the whole book. For any further information and... more
Catalog of the graves (814) of the Bronze Age site of Adji Kui. Grave 17 of the Farmstead. Only the text is here provided: drawings and photos will be uploaded only after the publication of the whole book. For any further information and questions do not hesitate to contact me: eclglbonora@gmail.com
Thank You. Stay well, stay healthy
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Catalog of the graves (814) of the Bronze Age site of Adji Kui. Grave 16 of the Farmstead. Only the text is here provided: drawings and photos will be uploaded only after the publication of the whole book. For any further information and... more
Catalog of the graves (814) of the Bronze Age site of Adji Kui. Grave 16 of the Farmstead. Only the text is here provided: drawings and photos will be uploaded only after the publication of the whole book. For any further information and questions do not hesitate to contact me: eclglbonora@gmail.com
Thank You. Stay well, stay healthy
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Catalog of the graves (814) of the Bronze Age site of Adji Kui. Grave 15 of the Farmstead. Only the text is here provided: drawings and photos will be uploaded only after the publication of the whole book. For any further information and... more
Catalog of the graves (814) of the Bronze Age site of Adji Kui. Grave 15 of the Farmstead. Only the text is here provided: drawings and photos will be uploaded only after the publication of the whole book. For any further information and questions do not hesitate to contact me: eclglbonora@gmail.com
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Catalog of the graves (814) of the Bronze Age site of Adji Kui. Grave 14 of the Farmstead. Only the text is here provided: drawings and photos will be uploaded only after the publication of the whole book. For any further information and... more
Catalog of the graves (814) of the Bronze Age site of Adji Kui. Grave 14 of the Farmstead. Only the text is here provided: drawings and photos will be uploaded only after the publication of the whole book. For any further information and questions do not hesitate to contact me: eclglbonora@gmail.com
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Catalog of the graves (814) of the Bronze Age site of Adji Kui. Grave 13 of the Farmstead. Only the text is here provided: drawings and photos will be uploaded only after the publication of the whole book. For any further information and... more
Catalog of the graves (814) of the Bronze Age site of Adji Kui. Grave 13 of the Farmstead. Only the text is here provided: drawings and photos will be uploaded only after the publication of the whole book. For any further information and questions do not hesitate to contact me: eclglbonora@gmail.com
Thank You. Stay well, stay healthy
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Thank You. Stay well, stay healthy
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Catalog of the graves (814) of the Bronze Age site of Adji Kui. Grave 12 of the Farmstead. Only the text is here provided: drawings and photos will be uploaded only after the publication of the whole book. For any further information and... more
Catalog of the graves (814) of the Bronze Age site of Adji Kui. Grave 12 of the Farmstead. Only the text is here provided: drawings and photos will be uploaded only after the publication of the whole book. For any further information and questions do not hesitate to contact me: eclglbonora@gmail.com
Thank You. Stay well, stay healthy
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Catalog of the graves (814) of the Bronze Age site of Adji Kui. Grave 11 of the Farmstead. Only the text is here provided: drawings and photos will be uploaded only after the publication of the whole book. For any further information and... more
Catalog of the graves (814) of the Bronze Age site of Adji Kui. Grave 11 of the Farmstead. Only the text is here provided: drawings and photos will be uploaded only after the publication of the whole book. For any further information and questions do not hesitate to contact me: eclglbonora@gmail.com
Thank You. Stay well, stay healthy
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Catalog of the graves (814) of the Bronze Age site of Adji Kui. Grave 10 of the Farmstead. Only the text is here provided: drawings and photos will be uploaded only after the publication of the whole book. For any further information and... more
Catalog of the graves (814) of the Bronze Age site of Adji Kui. Grave 10 of the Farmstead. Only the text is here provided: drawings and photos will be uploaded only after the publication of the whole book. For any further information and questions do not hesitate to contact me: eclglbonora@gmail.com
Thank You. Stay well, stay healthy
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Thank You. Stay well, stay healthy
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Catalog of the graves (814) of the Bronze Age site of Adji Kui. Grave 9 of the Farmstead. Only the text is here provided: drawings and photos will be uploaded only after the publication of the whole book. For any further information and... more
Catalog of the graves (814) of the Bronze Age site of Adji Kui. Grave 9 of the Farmstead. Only the text is here provided: drawings and photos will be uploaded only after the publication of the whole book. For any further information and questions do not hesitate to contact me: eclglbonora@gmail.com
Thank You. Stay well, stay healthy
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Catalog of the graves (814) of the Bronze Age site of Adji Kui. Grave 8 of the Farmstead. Only the text is here provided: drawings and photos will be uploaded only after the publication of the whole book. For any further information and... more
Catalog of the graves (814) of the Bronze Age site of Adji Kui. Grave 8 of the Farmstead. Only the text is here provided: drawings and photos will be uploaded only after the publication of the whole book. For any further information and questions do not hesitate to contact me: eclglbonora@gmail.com
Thank You. Stay well, stay healthy
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Thank You. Stay well, stay healthy
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Catalog of the graves (814) of the Bronze Age site of Adji Kui. Grave 7 of the Farmstead. Only the text is here provided: drawings and photos will be uploaded only after the publication of the whole book. For any further information and... more
Catalog of the graves (814) of the Bronze Age site of Adji Kui. Grave 7 of the Farmstead. Only the text is here provided: drawings and photos will be uploaded only after the publication of the whole book. For any further information and questions do not hesitate to contact me: eclglbonora@gmail.com
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Thank You. Stay well, stay healthy
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Catalog of the graves (814) of the Bronze Age site of Adji Kui. Grave 6 of the Farmstead. Only the text is here provided: drawings and photos will be uploaded only after the publication of the whole book. For any further information and... more
Catalog of the graves (814) of the Bronze Age site of Adji Kui. Grave 6 of the Farmstead. Only the text is here provided: drawings and photos will be uploaded only after the publication of the whole book. For any further information and questions do not hesitate to contact me: eclglbonora@gmail.com
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Catalog of the graves (814) of the Bronze Age site of Adji Kui. Grave 5 of the Farmstead. Only the text is here provided: drawings and photos will be uploaded only after the publication of the whole book. For any further information and... more
Catalog of the graves (814) of the Bronze Age site of Adji Kui. Grave 5 of the Farmstead. Only the text is here provided: drawings and photos will be uploaded only after the publication of the whole book. For any further information and questions do not hesitate to contact me: eclglbonora@gmail.com
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Catalog of the graves (814) of the Bronze Age site of Adji Kui. Grave 4 of the Farmstead. Only the text is here provided: drawings and photos will be uploaded only after the publication of the whole book. For any further information and... more
Catalog of the graves (814) of the Bronze Age site of Adji Kui. Grave 4 of the Farmstead. Only the text is here provided: drawings and photos will be uploaded only after the publication of the whole book. For any further information and questions do not hesitate to contact me: eclglbonora@gmail.com
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Catalog of the graves (814) of the Bronze Age site of Adji Kui. Grave 3 of the Farmstead. Only the text is here provided: drawings and photos will be uploaded only after the publication of the whole book. For any further information and... more
Catalog of the graves (814) of the Bronze Age site of Adji Kui. Grave 3 of the Farmstead. Only the text is here provided: drawings and photos will be uploaded only after the publication of the whole book. For any further information and questions do not hesitate to contact me: eclglbonora@gmail.com
Thank You. Stay well, stay healthy
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Catalog of the graves (814) of the Bronze Age site of Adji Kui. Grave 2 of the Farmstead. Only the text is here provided: drawings and photos will be uploaded only after the publication of the whole book. For any further information and... more
Catalog of the graves (814) of the Bronze Age site of Adji Kui. Grave 2 of the Farmstead. Only the text is here provided: drawings and photos will be uploaded only after the publication of the whole book. For any further information and questions do not hesitate to contact me: eclglbonora@gmail.com
Thank You. Stay well, stay healthy
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Thank You. Stay well, stay healthy
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Catalog of the graves (814) of the Bronze Age site of Adji Kui. Grave 1 of the Farmstead. Only the text is here provided: drawings and photos will be uploaded only after the publication of the whole book For any further information and... more
Catalog of the graves (814) of the Bronze Age site of Adji Kui.
Grave 1 of the Farmstead.
Only the text is here provided: drawings and photos will be uploaded only after the publication of the whole book
For any further information and questions do not hesitate to contact me: eclglbonora@gmail.com
Grave 1 of the Farmstead.
Only the text is here provided: drawings and photos will be uploaded only after the publication of the whole book
For any further information and questions do not hesitate to contact me: eclglbonora@gmail.com
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Il Saryarka è una regione ricca di monumenti storico-archeologici di diverse epoche. L'obiettivo della Missione Archeologica Italiana in Kazakhstan è l'analisi del rapporto tra l'evoluzione del paesaggio culturale del Saryarka e i grandi... more
Il Saryarka è una regione ricca di monumenti storico-archeologici di diverse epoche. L'obiettivo della Missione Archeologica Italiana in Kazakhstan è l'analisi del rapporto tra l'evoluzione del paesaggio culturale del Saryarka e i grandi processi etnoculturali avvenuti nell'antichità e nel Medioevo. Nel corso della conferenza vengono presentiti casi di studio relativi all’età del Bronzo e del Ferro, al periodo paleo-turco, Oghuz e Kipchak, così come abitati e strutture funerarie del XVII e XVIII secolo che illustrano modalità di insediamento nello spazio steppico, spesso sfuggenti alla ricerca archeologica.