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Background & Aims Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused many psychological and social problems in people around the world, especially nurses. The present study aims to investigate and compare post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD),... more
Background & Aims Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused many psychological and social problems in people around the world, especially nurses. The present study aims to investigate and compare post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), burnout, and psychological disorders in nurses with and without COVID-19. Materials & Methods This is a causal-comparative study. The study population includes all male and female nurses of non-government hospitals in Tehran from July to September 2021. Of these, 220 nurses (110 without COVID-19 infection and 110 with COVID-19) voluntarily participated in the study. The questionnaires were the Mississippi Scale for Combat-Related Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, the Maslach Burnout Inventory, and the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale. Finally, data analysis was performed using multivariate and univariate analysis of variance in SPSS software, version 16. Results There was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of PTSD, burnout, and ps...
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Background: One of the factors affecting people’s mental health is having repeated and confused thoughts about COVID-19. In this regard, the present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on... more
Background: One of the factors affecting people’s mental health is having repeated and confused thoughts about COVID-19. In this regard, the present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on coping strategies and anxiety sensitivity of patients with COVID-19 obsession. Methods: The present research method was quasi-experimental and pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the study included patients with COVID-19 obsession in 2021. The study sample includes 30 patients with COVID-19 obsession who were selected using the convenience sampling method and were randomly divided into two experimental groups (n=15) and control groups (n=15). The collection tool included a questionnaire on COVID-19 obsession, coping strategies, and anxiety sensitivity. The experimental group received ten 90-minute sessions of cognitive-behavioral therapy, but the control group received no intervention. Finally, the obtained data were analyzed by multivariate covariance analysis in SPSS software, version 24 (P<0.05). Results: The results showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy significantly increased the problem-oriented coping strategy and decreased the emotion-oriented coping strategy, avoidance coping strategy, and anxiety sensitivity (physical, cognitive and social) in patients with COVID-19 obsession (P<0.01). Conclusion: The obtained findings indicated that cognitive-behavioral therapy can significantly improve the patients with COVID-19 obsession. Considering the long-term consequences of COVID-19, psychology and counseling centers should take measures to identify and treat vulnerable group
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Introduction: Working mothers try to maximize their correlation time with their children and experience different situations compared to housewives. In this regard, the present study aims to investigate the role of perceived social... more
Introduction: Working mothers try to maximize their correlation time with their children and experience different situations compared to housewives. In this regard, the present study aims to investigate the role of perceived social support, job stress, and perceived discrimination in predicting parenting energy of working mothers. Methods: The present descriptive and correlational study was conducted on all mothers working in private offices in District 3 of Tehran in 2020. Convenience sampling method was used to select 110 working mothers. Data collection tools included the Perceived Parenting Energy Scale (PEFPS), the Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale (PSS), the Health and Safety Management Standards Index (HSE), and the Revised Personal Related Discrimination Scale (PRDS). Data analysis was performed by SPSS software version 24 using Pearson correlation and multiple regression, simultaneously. Results: The results showed that the components of perceived support and...
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همان ریبدرس هب سوریو انورک 2019 ( Coronavirus 2019 نیلوا یارب ) خیرات رد 17 ربماسد 2019 و تفای عویش نیچ روشک ناهوو رهش زا 23 سرام 2020 ، نیا نکمم نامز نیرتمک رد هدنشک سوریو رد رسارس ناهج شرتسگ هک ییاج ات تفای یناهج نامزاس رد تشادهب 11... more
همان ریبدرس هب سوریو انورک 2019 ( Coronavirus 2019 نیلوا یارب ) خیرات رد 17 ربماسد 2019 و تفای عویش نیچ روشک ناهوو رهش زا 23 سرام 2020 ، نیا نکمم نامز نیرتمک رد هدنشک سوریو رد رسارس ناهج شرتسگ هک ییاج ات تفای یناهج نامزاس رد تشادهب 11 سرام 2020 سوریو انورک 2019 ناونع هب ار یسفنت داح مردنس 2 ( SARS-CoV-2 همه یرامیب کی و ) ریگ درک یفرعم یناهج حطس رد ( 1 دیووک یرامیب دروم نیلوا .) 19 خیرات رد زین ناریا روشک 30 لاس هام نمهب 1398 مق ناتسا رد 150 یرامیب نیا شرتسگ .دش ییاسانش روشک تختیاپ یرتمولیک نانچ نآ یناهج حطس رد هدنشک ناونع هب هک دوب تعرس رپ لاس رد دارفا یمومع تملاس دیدهت نیرتگرزب 2020 .دش هتخانش دیووک 19 هفرس ،لااب بت دننام یعونتم رایسب مئلاع یاراد عویش هدرتسگ هنماد ،سفن یگنت ،درد ندب ،کشخ تاعیاش ،یسانش نامرد رد تسکش ،یرامیب ءاشنم دروم رد طلغ تاعلاطا و یاه تردق و فلتخم نآ دادعترب نانچمه هک تسا لااب لاقتنا هدوزفا اه یم هظحلام لباق سرتسا و بارطضا هدیدرگ ثعاب نیمه و دوش -
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Introduction: This study aimed to explore the conceptual model of religious and spiritual struggles among a Muslim sample by using qualitative method. Method: The current study was carried out by using the grounded theory. The purposive... more
Introduction: This study aimed to explore the conceptual model of religious and spiritual struggles among a Muslim sample by using qualitative method. Method: The current study was carried out by using the grounded theory. The purposive sampling method was applied and sampling continued until data saturation. Via In-depth, semi-structured phenomenological interview, 14 individuals with religious and spiritual problems were interviewed. Based on the standards of in-depth interview, with each individual, four 90-minute sessions were held to identify different dimensions of their experiences. Open-ended questions were used to accomplish the purpose of the interview. In addition, “clinical exercises” were used to elicit clients' religious and spiritual struggles. Results: Based on the findings of this study, religious and spiritual struggles have been divided into six categories: divine struggles, intrapersonal struggles, interpersonal struggles, supernatural struggles, struggle wit...
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Studies have demonstrated a positive association between religiosity and happiness and that other variables including purpose in life may account for this relationship. Few studies have examined the relationship between religious... more
Studies have demonstrated a positive association between religiosity and happiness and that other variables including purpose in life may account for this relationship. Few studies have examined the relationship between religious orientation and happiness, therefore the present study investigated whether purpose in life mediates the relationship between religious orientation and happiness. Three hundred and forty-two university students (men = 117 and women = 225) from Australia participated in the study. The results indicate that for women, purpose in life mediates the relationship between intrinsic religious orientation and happiness and for men, purpose in life mediates the relationship between extrinsic social religious orientation and happiness. The results are unexpected as intrinsic religious orientation negatively predicted happiness, whereas extrinsic social religious orientation positively predicted happiness. These findings suggest that further studies are needed to advance the understanding of these complex relationships.
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THE EFFECT OF LIFE SKILLS TRAINING ON EMOTIONAL REACTIONS IN ADOLESCENTS HAJAMINI Z.*,AJALI A.,FATHI ASHTIANI A.,EBADI ABAS,DIBAEI MARAL ... main of this study is the effects of life skills training on emotional reactions in boy... more
THE EFFECT OF LIFE SKILLS TRAINING ON EMOTIONAL REACTIONS IN ADOLESCENTS HAJAMINI Z.*,AJALI A.,FATHI ASHTIANI A.,EBADI ABAS,DIBAEI MARAL ... main of this study is the effects of life skills training on emotional reactions in boy adolescents in Tehran city. ...
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Aim and Background : This study was conducted with the aim of explaining aspects of conceptual framework of indicators for mental health.Providing mental health indicators conceptual framework could provide for the creation of a unified... more
Aim and Background : This study was conducted with the aim of explaining aspects of conceptual framework of indicators for mental health.Providing mental health indicators conceptual framework could provide for the creation of a unified set of mental health indicators. Methods and Materials: This research was conducted in the method of systematic review and in type of library researching and internet resources.To search for a reputable and well-known databases such as “medline”, “pubmed”, “ psyclit” and other informative sites were used. And the key words to the development, implementation and evaluation of mental health promotion programs were used. Findings: In most systems, health and mental health indicators conceptual framework used to comprehensively based on the following four aspects: health status, mental health factors, mental health system performance, and characteristics of the mental health system and community and health system characteristics.Also, according to the re...
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Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has aroused fear and anxiety in many people worldwide. Objectives: The study was conducted to measure the efficacy of internet-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (ICBT) for mental health, post-traumatic... more
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has aroused fear and anxiety in many people worldwide. Objectives: The study was conducted to measure the efficacy of internet-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (ICBT) for mental health, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in students with COVID-19 anxiety. Methods: This semi-experimental study was conducted as a pre-post-test with a control group. The statistical population of the research included the students of the Tarbiat Modares University in the academic year 2021. To collect the required data, 30 students with COVID-19 anxiety were randomly allocated to control (n = 30) and experimental (n = 30) groups. The data collection tools included a questionnaire on COVID-19 anxiety, mental health, PTSD, and OCD. Following the pre-test, ICBT was implemented in eight 90-minute sessions for the experimental group. To analyze the data, SPSS software version 24 and the multivariate covariance analysis were used....
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Introduction: Considering that we have in Iran a lot of veterans who suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), this research was performed to identify sexual dysfunction among a group of veterans who suffer from PTSD. Material... more
Introduction: Considering that we have in Iran a lot of veterans who suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), this research was performed to identify sexual dysfunction among a group of veterans who suffer from PTSD. Material and methods: In this ...
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Introduction: The present research aimed to compare the verbal and nonverbal intelligence of students with dyslexia-dysgraphia and normal students. Material and methods: Thirty students with dyslexia-dysgraphia and 30 students from... more
Introduction: The present research aimed to compare the verbal and nonverbal intelligence of students with dyslexia-dysgraphia and normal students. Material and methods: Thirty students with dyslexia-dysgraphia and 30 students from mainstream schools of grade 3 boy school in Tehran were selected. All subjects were matched by age and IQ. In addition, students of two groups did not show any background in either emotional-behavioral difficulties or visual/audio weakness. The instruments which were used in the research consisted of Dyslexia-Dysgraphia Inventory, Rutter Questionnaire, Raven Test, Reading-Writing Test, WISC, and a Personnel background questionnaire. The data were analyzed by the t-test. Results: The results demonstrated that the verbal intelligence of the dyslexia-dysgraphia group was significantly lower than that of the normal student, while the nonverbal intelligence of the dyslexia-dysgraphia group was significantly higher than that of the other group. In addition, the...
Introduction: The investigation of attachment processes during middle childhood and early adolescence has been hampered by a relative lack of measures for this age group.The aim of this study was investigating the psychometric properties... more
Introduction: The investigation of attachment processes during middle childhood and early adolescence has been hampered by a relative lack of measures for this age group.The aim of this study was investigating the psychometric properties of Experiences in Close Relationships Revise-Scale for use with children and adolescents (ECR-RC). It is a self-report questionnaire for measuring attachment anxiety and avoidance. Method: Sample size of 430 students was selected by stratified multistage cluster sampling in Tehran. Attachment Security Scale (ASS) was implemented to calculate the divergent validity of ECR-RC. Results: Results of factor analyze indicated that two factor model of ECR-RC fit in Iranian sample in each relational domain (Mother-Father). Cronbach's alpha coefficient of ECR-RC was above 0.80 and the limit was satisfactory. Furthermore the test-retest reliability of ECR-RC over a four week period was more than 0.69. Correlation coefficient analysis showed that E...
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------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Background : Anxiety disorders are one of the most common mental disorders in children. In regard with the... more
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Background : Anxiety disorders are one of the most common mental disorders in children. In regard with the importance effect of appropriate communication among parents specially mothers and children, on mental health of children, this study investigated the effects of communication skills training for mothers on anxiety levels of school students in Tehran. Methods and Material: In a quasi-experimental study, 114 students in first grade class, in an area in Tehran and their mothers were included. Before the intervention , children's anxiety was assessed by using the School Anxiety Scale –Teacher report (SAS-TR (SAS-TR), and mothers' communication skills was measured by Queendom communication skills questionnaire. The mothers of the children in intervention group were provided a communication skills education program. Mothers of the children in contro...
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Background: Obesity is a common problem for public health around the world, which are associated with the risk of developing various diseases. In order to improve treatment and appropriate intervention to combat this growing wave of... more
Background: Obesity is a common problem for public health around the world, which are associated with the risk of developing various diseases. In order to improve treatment and appropriate intervention to combat this growing wave of obesity, identify significant factors in susceptibility to overweight and obesity is critical. Thus, the present research investigated the relationship between emotion regulation and eating behavior among women with high and normal body mass index. Materials and Methods: The present study was causal-comparative where the population included women referring to hospitals and clinics in districts 1 and 2 in Tehran as well as women with normal weight living in these two districts. Among them, 150 women (75 overweight and 75 normal weights) were selected using convenience sampling. They were asked to complete Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) and Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ). The data obtained were analyzed using independent t-test. ...
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Introduction: The present study aims at determining the efficacy of family based cognitive-behavioral therapy on children's anxiety. Methods: In a quasi-experimental study, 120 girls’ with the ages of 10-11 with scores above 24 on the... more
Introduction: The present study aims at determining the efficacy of family based cognitive-behavioral therapy on children's anxiety. Methods: In a quasi-experimental study, 120 girls’ with the ages of 10-11 with scores above 24 on the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale were enrolled. The mothers completed the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale-Parent Version. Mothers and children were randomly assigned to both control and case groups. The case group attended 8 sessions of family based cognitive-behavioral therapy (Cool Kids). Results: The findings showed a significant difference between case and control groups in anxiety, with reduction in the case group. Case group mothers also, reported a significant reduction in their children’s anxiety. Conclusion: Based on these findings, we can apply family based cognitive-behavioral therapy as an effective means of reducing children's anxiety.
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Introduction: This research aimed to compare medical and psychological interventions to improve chronic insomnia among adult women who sought advice from a sleep clinic in the city of Tehran. Method: The study population included all of... more
Introduction: This research aimed to compare medical and psychological interventions to improve chronic insomnia among adult women who sought advice from a sleep clinic in the city of Tehran. Method: The study population included all of the clients in a sleep clinic in the city of Tehran suffering from chronic insomnia. The sample for this study included 26 clients, who were randomly divided into two groups with 13 clients in each group. Psychological intervention group subjects were given instructions for progressive muscle relaxation, guided imagery, relaxing music, and sleep hygiene in 4 sessions. Subjects in medical intervention group used hypnotic drugs in 4 weeks. All participants were examined after 4 weeks. The tools for obtaining information consisted of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Insomnia Severity Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Berlin Questionnaire for Sleep Apnea, and Beck Depression Inventory. Results: The analysis of data showed that both psychological and medica...
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Introduction: The present study compares early maladaptive schemas and perceived parental rearing behaviors in couples with problem-focused coping styles and emotion-focused coping styles. Method: This was a causal–comparative study. The... more
Introduction: The present study compares early maladaptive schemas and perceived parental rearing behaviors in couples with problem-focused coping styles and emotion-focused coping styles. Method: This was a causal–comparative study. The sample was selected using convenience sampling and consisted of 158 married female students of Tehran universities. They completed the Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ), the short Egna Minnen Betraffande Uppfostran (EMBU-S), and a coping style questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test and a T-test. Results: There were significant differences between couples with problem-focused coping styles and emotion-focused coping styles in each of the subscales of early maladaptive schemas and perceived parental rearing behaviors. Couples in the emotion-focused coping style group had higher scores in all subscales of early maladaptive schemas. Furthermore, the couples with an emotional parenting style applied problem-focused coping more frequently, and those with avoidance and over-support parenting styles applied emotional parenting style more frequently. Conclusion: Results suggest that by providing suitable childhood conditions, in addition to development of the parent–child relationship, individuals develop more effective coping mechanisms in order to better handle stressful situations.
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Introduction Recent research has regarded anxiety as one of the most common problems in communities. The majority of studies revealed that anxiety disorders had a high frequency among psychological disorders in main community populations... more
Introduction Recent research has regarded anxiety as one of the most common problems in communities. The majority of studies revealed that anxiety disorders had a high frequency among psychological disorders in main community populations [1]. Test anxiety is a common ...
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Background: COVID-19 as a pandemic can cause a set of feelings of anxiety, fear and tension in society. In fact, the negative impact of pandemic is not limited to physical health problems and can have serious consequences such as anxiety,... more
Background: COVID-19 as a pandemic can cause a set of feelings of anxiety, fear and tension in society. In fact, the negative impact of pandemic is not limited to physical health problems and can have serious consequences such as anxiety, depression and stress in people, especially those with neurological diseases. Objectives: The present study was conducted to investigate depression, anxiety and stress in patients with multiple sclerosis and epilepsy during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials & Methods: In this study, the keywords Depression, Anxiety, Stress, Multiple Sclerosis, Epilepsy and COVID-19 in the title and abstract of articles published in 2020 (May) and 2021 (July) in reputable international scientific databases Searched for Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE and PsycINFO. The PRISMA checklist was used to review and control the quality of articles. Results: In the search, 394 English articles were retrieved and finally 27 final articles were selected for comprehensive ...