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Agrobiodiversity is a promising nature-based solution in the pursuit of sustainable agriculture. In wine-growing systems, commercial pressure and varietal regulations have narrowed agrobiodiversity in vineyards despite higher diversity... more
Agrobiodiversity is a promising nature-based solution in the pursuit of sustainable agriculture. In wine-growing systems, commercial pressure and varietal regulations have narrowed agrobiodiversity in vineyards despite higher diversity being an important buffer against the effects of climate change. If drivers of grape diversity change are well-understood at national to global scales, little is known about the local, past or anticipated trajectories that drive agrobiodiversity dynamics depending on growers’ cultural values, practices and choices. We combined quantitative agricultural census data and qualitative ethnographic approaches to characterise changes in the diversity of grape varieties from 1960 to 2020 at the communal and vineyard levels in a French wine-growing region, and to decipher the drivers of change. We highlight that vineyards have drastically changed in 60 years, with a decline in planted area and in farm number. We outline that despite a loss of varietal richness...
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Research Interests: Geography and Agriculture
«Géographicité» et «médiance» parlent d'une même chose : le rapport de l’homme à la Terre. La géographicité renvoie à une manière de vivre l'espace ; la médiance, à une manière d'habiter l'espace. La géographicité met... more
«Géographicité» et «médiance» parlent d'une même chose : le rapport de l’homme à la Terre. La géographicité renvoie à une manière de vivre l'espace ; la médiance, à une manière d'habiter l'espace. La géographicité met l’accent sur les pratiques et les valeurs, là où la médiance insiste sur le corps et les milieux de vie. Avec ces deux concepts, l'homme et l'espace cessent d’être deux entités séparées où l’un utilise et façonne l’autre à sa guise. On considère plutôt que les sociétés aménagent leur espace en fonction de l’interprétation que les hommes qui l’habitent s’en font, et réciproquement que ces derniers interprètent l’espace en fonction de la manière dont les sociétés aménagent les milieux de vie. Les textes de ce numéro explorent à leur façon l'étendue de ces deux concepts géographiques, les réflexions ou les applications des auteurs nous amènent en Espagne, en Allemagne, en Italie, au Japon et au Chili
Decades of theory and scholarship on the concept of human well‐being have informed a proliferation of approaches to assess well‐being and support public policy aimed at sustainability and improving quality of life. Human well‐being is... more
Decades of theory and scholarship on the concept of human well‐being have informed a proliferation of approaches to assess well‐being and support public policy aimed at sustainability and improving quality of life. Human well‐being is multidimensional, and well‐being emerges when the dimensions and interrelationships interact as a system. In this paper, we illuminate two crucial components of well‐being that are often excluded from policy because of their relative difficulty to measure and manage: equity and interrelationships between humans and the environment. We use a mixed‐methods approach to review and summarize progress to date in developing well‐being constructs (including frameworks and methods) that address these two components. Well‐being frameworks that do not consider the environment, or interrelationships between people and their environment, are not truly measuring well‐being in all its dimensions. Use of equity lenses to assess well‐being frameworks aligns with increa...
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The coconut palm in the village of Vetuboso (Vanua Lava's island, Vanuatu, South Pacific) should be classified as a socially valued object. Present before the first migrants reached Vanuatu's coasts, this perennial plant is still... more
The coconut palm in the village of Vetuboso (Vanua Lava's island, Vanuatu, South Pacific) should be classified as a socially valued object. Present before the first migrants reached Vanuatu's coasts, this perennial plant is still associated with myths and material or immaterial multi-uses. With the development of copra industry 150 years ago, it became the tree 'of the Whites'. Thanks to a cultural geography approach, the authors will try to understand the change of the status of coconut palms in its new space, the coconut plantation, defined as the space 'of the Whites' which production practices and biological material has been inherited from. Its ew economical function is perceived as an unavoidable constraint since copra is the unique source of income for the people of Vetuboso. Coconut plantation is also a 'greedy' space encroaching on the space of crop gardens and of the forest inhabited by spirits. It also definitely 'captures' land amo...
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Les evenements ecologiques survenus ces dernieres annees, notamment en raison des changements globaux, et du rechauffement climatique en particulier, ont fait prendre conscience a l'opinion publique des menaces qui planent sur les... more
Les evenements ecologiques survenus ces dernieres annees, notamment en raison des changements globaux, et du rechauffement climatique en particulier, ont fait prendre conscience a l'opinion publique des menaces qui planent sur les zones tropicales. Et les sciences, dans une nouvelle approche transversale et interdisciplinaire, se penchent aujourd'hui sur cette ecologie unique qui abrite des ecosystemes d'une grande complexite. En effet, l'equilibre de notre planete repose en partie sur ces environnements fragiles ou evolue le plus grand nombre d'especes en densite et en diversite. Cette biodiversite et la gestion des ressources associees apparaissent comme l'un des enjeux ecologiques majeurs du XXIe siecle. Des specialistes de toutes les disciplines, issus des laboratoires du CNRS ou associes, presentent les travaux menes et tracent les voies prospectives de recherche pour les annees a venir. Ils nous font decouvrir les specificites de ces espaces tropicaux, ...
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Research Interests: Geography and Agriculture
At the end of the 19th century in the New Hebrides archipelago, coconut cultivation geared towards copra production was developed on colonial estates, then from the 1930s onwards by Melanesian smallholders, who saw it as a means of... more
At the end of the 19th century in the New Hebrides archipelago, coconut cultivation geared towards copra production was developed on colonial estates, then from the 1930s onwards by Melanesian smallholders, who saw it as a means of gaining a foothold in the trading economy. The expansion of coconut plantings transformed farming systems, led to changes in the cultivate plants d, disrupted traditional land use practices, and resulted in monetization and increased food dependency on imported products among rural populations. With the drop in copra prices since the 1980s, Vanuatu farmers had to invent a new model of coconut based agrosystems by introducing new staple crops and fruit trees in their monospecific coconut groves. In that way, they improved the biological diversity of the agrosystem which is more complex and more resistant to climatic hazard, pests, and economic risks. (Resume d'auteur)
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Au cours du onzieme seminaire d'ethnobotanique autour du theme "Les fruits, nourritures ambigues du corps et des pensees", nous traiterons de l'ethnobotanique du cocotier (Cocos nucifera) dans le village de Vetuboso sur... more
Au cours du onzieme seminaire d'ethnobotanique autour du theme "Les fruits, nourritures ambigues du corps et des pensees", nous traiterons de l'ethnobotanique du cocotier (Cocos nucifera) dans le village de Vetuboso sur l'ile de Vanua Lava (groupe des Banks, Vanuatu, Pacifique Sud). Meme si la nomenclature varietale s'appuie principalement sur les proprietes morphologiques du fruit, il est impossible de comprendre son systeme de classification sans aborder la diversite de ses usages (techniques et culturels) de l'arbre en entier et des representations qui lui sont associees (mythes et histoires d'origine, anthropomorphisme). Pour cela, il faut non seulement considerer la plante dans son ensemble mais aussi l'apprehender dans son espace de vie, la cocoteraie. Dans le village de Vetuboso, la personne, le lieu et la plante forment un ensemble indissociable ; nous emprunterons le concept de dividualite developpe par M. Strathern (1988) et S. Hess (2...
Research Interests: History and Humanities
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Reponses et adaptations aux changements globaux : quels enjeux pour la recherche sur la biodiversite ? Prospective de recherche.
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Eleanor Sterling, Tamara Ticktin, Tē Kipa Kepa Morgan, Georgina Cullman, Diana Alvira, Pelika Andrade, Nadia Bergamini, Erin Betley, Kate Burrows, Sophie Caillon, Joachim Claudet, Rachel Dacks, Pablo Eyzaguirre, Chris Filardi, Nadav... more
Eleanor Sterling, Tamara Ticktin, Tē Kipa Kepa Morgan, Georgina Cullman, Diana Alvira, Pelika Andrade, Nadia Bergamini, Erin Betley, Kate Burrows, Sophie Caillon, Joachim Claudet, Rachel Dacks, Pablo Eyzaguirre, Chris Filardi, Nadav Gazit, Christian Giardina, Stacy Jupiter, Kealohanuiopuna Kinney, Joe McCarter, Manuel Mejia, Kanoe Morishige, Jennifer Newell, Lihla Noori, John Parks, Pua’ala Pascua, Ashwin Ravikumar, Jamie Tanguay, Amanda Sigouin, Tina Stege, Mark Stege, and Alaka Wali1
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Dans les années 1990 au Brésil, les territoires des populations traditionnelles amazoniennes sont, pour la première fois, reconnus par la loi. Le risque est clairement exposé : si l’accès aux ressources naturelles leur est coupé, ces... more
Dans les années 1990 au Brésil, les territoires des populations traditionnelles amazoniennes sont, pour la première fois, reconnus par la loi. Le risque est clairement exposé : si l’accès aux ressources naturelles leur est coupé, ces peuples seront menacés de disparition. À partir de l’étude de cinq sites, une équipe de sociologues, géographes et anthropologues s’est efforcée de dégager les enjeux sociaux et spatiaux des populations traditionnelles. Ils ont, pour cela, minutieusement collecté et analysé des informations issues de données GPS, d’entretiens ou de rapports statistiques. Qu’entend-on par l’expression « populations traditionnelles » ? Quels rapports ces sociétés entretiennent-elles avec leur espace ? Comment le savoir territorial, qui fait leur originalité, se transmet-il des anciennes aux nouvelles générations ? Autant de questions auxquelles répond cet ouvrage ambitieux et richement illustré
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One adaptation for farming wetlands is constructing raised fields (RF), i.e., elevated earth structures. Studies of RF agriculture have focused mostly on the vestiges of RF that were cultivated by pre-Columbian populations in the... more
One adaptation for farming wetlands is constructing raised fields (RF), i.e., elevated earth structures. Studies of RF agriculture have focused mostly on the vestiges of RF that were cultivated by pre-Columbian populations in the Americas. Ironically, whereas RF agriculture is still practiced nowadays in many parts of the world, including the Congo Basin, these actively farmed RF have received scant attention. Yet, studying how RF function today can shed new light on ongoing debates about pre-Columbian RF agriculture. Also, in a context of climate change and widespread degradation of wetlands, the study of RF agriculture can help us evaluate its potential as part of an environmentally sustainable use of wetlands. We carried out an ethnoecological study of RF agriculture combining qualitative and quantitative methods over a total of eight months’ fieldwork in the Congo Basin. We found that RF show great diversity in size and shape and perform several functions. Incorporation of grass...
Research Interests: Geography, Archaeology, Ethnobotany, Wetlands, Flood Risk Management, and 15 moreAgriculture, Biocultural Anthropology, Colombian History, Democratic Republic of Congo, Subsistence systems (Archaeology), Historical Ecology, Ethnoecology, Raised Fields, Wetland, Pre-Columbian Archaeology, Wetland Conservation, Raised beds, Subsistence Agriculture, Congo Basin, and Sustainability
Resource management and conservation interventions are increasingly embracing social–ecological systems (SES) concepts. While SES frameworks recognize the connectedness of humans and nature, many fail to acknowledge the complex role of... more
Resource management and conservation interventions are increasingly embracing social–ecological systems (SES) concepts. While SES frameworks recognize the connectedness of humans and nature, many fail to acknowledge the complex role of sociocultural factors in influencing people's interactions with the environment. As such, when indicators in SES frameworks are used to measure the social dimension, easy to measure, socioeconomic indicators are the norms, while more complex social and cultural indicators are rare. To develop meaningful indicators of resilience in SES we need to understand local definitions of resilience. In this paper we describe methods used in a biocultural approach to illuminate sociocultural factors that Pacific Islanders identify as important for resilient communities. We focus specifically on two dimensions of sociocultural factors, “Connectedness to People and Place” and “Indigenous and local knowledges, skills, practices, values and worldviews,” which rel...
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Research Interests: Geography, Social Indicators, Community Resilience, Resilience, Grounded Theory, and 15 moreEnvironmental Sustainability, Indigenous Peoples, Multidisciplinary, Environmental Resource Management, Biocultural conservation, Society and Environment, Local communities, Environment and Society, Psychological Resilience, Local Community, Ecological Systems Theory, Environmental Management and Sustainability, Biological Indicators, Adaptive capacity, and Sustainability
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Research Interests: Geography, Agrobiodiversity, Biology, Agroforestry, Ecology, and 15 moreModeling and Simulation, Biodiversity, Agricultural Biodiversity, Diversification, Informal Sector, Nestedness, Ecological, étude De Cas, Crop, Crop Diversity, Biodiversité, Elsevier, Espèce, Bipartite Networks, and Modèle mathématique
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Research Interests: Business, Agronomy, Social Networks, Conservation Biology, Organic agriculture, and 15 moreSustainable agriculture, Agrobiodiversity, Participation, Agriculture, Biodiversity, Agricultural Biodiversity, Environmental Sciences, Changement Climatique, Crop Diversity, Seed Systems, Modelisation, Sustainability, Agrobiodiversité, Echange, and agriculteur
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Globalization is a process that encompasses the accelerated and simultaneous circulation of ideas, goods, and human beings (Appadurai, 1996). In an Amazonian context, this chapter aims at analyzing the impacts of particular land status... more
Globalization is a process that encompasses the accelerated and simultaneous circulation of ideas, goods, and human beings (Appadurai, 1996). In an Amazonian context, this chapter aims at analyzing the impacts of particular land status ownership on the resilience ...
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Taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott), cultivated in Vtuboso, a village of northern Vanuatu, Melanesia, was surveyed to: (1) assess the extent of morphological and molecular variation being maintained by growers at the village level and,... more
Taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott), cultivated in Vtuboso, a village of northern Vanuatu, Melanesia, was surveyed to: (1) assess the extent of morphological and molecular variation being maintained by growers at the village level and, (2) compare this diversity with the diversity found in the crops in Vanuatu. Ethnobotanical data were combined with AFLP analysis to elucidate possible sources of
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Logo of Bielefeld University. Publications at Bielefeld University. PUB. University from AZ. ...
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This chapter introduces the basic principles of network analysis and provides an overview of the main types of questions that can be answered in the field of ecological and social systems studies. Social interactions between actors affect... more
This chapter introduces the basic principles of network analysis and provides an overview of the main types of questions that can be answered in the field of ecological and social systems studies. Social interactions between actors affect ecosystem dynamics via their role in the circulation of biological resources and of the knowledge associated with their management. The application of network analysis methods to the study of these two main types of mechanisms is illustrated by three case studies whose results have been published and analyzed in the articles by Thomas and Caillon, Labeyrie et al., and Salpeteur et al. These examples highlight the need to associate network analysis with qualitative approaches, which are essential to understand the social rules and norms regulating interactions between individuals, and are also necessary to understand how these interactions fit into the general system of interactions in the studied social systems
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