Background: Urdbean [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] is an important pulse crop in India as well as in South East Asia. It is an excellent source of easily digestible, good quality protein. Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus causing Yellow mosaic... more
Background: Urdbean [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] is an important pulse crop in India as well as in South East Asia. It is an excellent source of easily digestible, good quality protein. Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus causing Yellow mosaic disease (YMD) is one of the most devastating diseases affecting urdbean production and productivity to a large extent. Identification of resistant genotypes is one of the most important aspects in the management of MYMV diseases. The current study aimed to identify the MYMV resistant urdbean genotypes in order to manage and control the MYMV disease. Methods: In present investigation, a total 100 urdbean genotypes were screened against MYMV under natural field conditions in the augmented design by planting 2 rows of two test entries each alternated with one row of susceptible check. Further, selected genotypes which showed disease free, highly resistant, resistant, moderately resistance and susceptible reaction in field screening were used to tag RAPD ma...
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The present study was performed to analyze molecular diversity among different varieties of rice using SSR markers, which are effective and reliable tools for this type of analysis. A total of 34 different alleles were generated using 17... more
The present study was performed to analyze molecular diversity among different varieties of rice using SSR markers, which are effective and reliable tools for this type of analysis. A total of 34 different alleles were generated using 17 SSR primers. Out of these 33 alleles were found to be polymorphic and only one was monomorphic. On average, 2 alleles per primer and 1.94 polymorphic alleles per primer was calculated. In the cluster analysis three varieties KATKIRICE, SONUMRICE and 1010 were found to be diverse from other varieties of rice. These varieties may be used as diverse parents for the future breeding programs for rice improvement. According to Jaccard’s similarity coefficient, the highest genetic diversity was observed between KATKIRICE and CHANDRAHASNI. Both varieties were grouped distantly. Out of 17 primers, the best 10 primers were selected based on polymorphic banding patterns for genetic diversity analysis. These selected 10 primers are sufficient to discriminate th...
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Four different concentrations of chitosan and four mungbean genotypes were studied to determine the optimum concentration of chitosan seed priming. The experiment results revealed that germination percentage, shoot length, root length,... more
Four different concentrations of chitosan and four mungbean genotypes were studied to determine the optimum concentration of chitosan seed priming. The experiment results revealed that germination percentage, shoot length, root length, fresh weight, dry weight, and seedling vigor index differed significantly among the treatments and genotypes. The greatest impact was observed at lower concentrations of 0.15% in all four genotypes showing consistent improvements in all the studied parameters. The highest concentration of 0.35% appears to be at par with the control and shows no statistical significance. However, root length was affected in IPM 2-14 and IPM 2-3 at high concentrations. In terms of seedling vigor index, IPM 2-3 showed significant reductions at 0.35%, while other genotypes recorded improvement. Based on our results, we conclude that chitosan seed priming has genotype-specific responses, and lower chitosan concentrations have significant positive effects on all parameters ...
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The growing human population has put enormous pressure on agriculture to increase production and productivity, which has resulted in the widespread usage of agrochemicals. The indiscriminate use of agrochemicals has harmed soil fertility... more
The growing human population has put enormous pressure on agriculture to increase production and productivity, which has resulted in the widespread usage of agrochemicals. The indiscriminate use of agrochemicals has harmed soil fertility and resulted in significant environmental contamination, impacting human health. The discovery and implementation of bacterial isolates with Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) have enormous potential for reducing the usage of chemical fertilizers, insecticides, and herbicides. However, the identification of bacterial isolates is a prerequisite to utilize them for agricultural purposes. Traditional methods involve culturing microbes using a range of nonselective and selective enrichment methods, followed by biochemical confirmation among others. Traditional methods involve culturing microbes, followed by morphological biochemical confirmation etc. In the present investigation, we describe a fast and effective approach for isolating and ident...
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COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) has recently emerged as an ongoing pandemic disease or probably syndemic and became the latest threat to global health. The main route of transmission of virus droplet start with respiratory problems coughing,... more
COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) has recently emerged as an ongoing pandemic disease or probably syndemic and became the latest threat to global health. The main route of transmission of virus droplet start with respiratory problems coughing, sneezing, fever during infection period, which may end up with death, if not treated. Many emerging epidemiological factors have made COVID-19 as global alarming disease. To control the outbreak of COVID-19, a critical management along with quarantine measure is applicable, which requires early detection of infection. The early detection of COVID-19 infection is playing a vital role in controlling of progression of illness and limiting viral spread within the population. Therefore, reliable, highly specific and sensitive diagnosis techniques are necessary for its early detection. Among several detection techniques, qRT-PCR is the rapidly employed, sensitive and widely accepted technique. In present review, different molecular techniques with emphasis on ...
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Rice-associated plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) have a major role in promoting growth anddevelopment using a variety of mechanisms. In this study, we isolated bacteria from drought stressedfields to check their effects on rice... more
Rice-associated plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) have a major role in promoting growth anddevelopment using a variety of mechanisms. In this study, we isolated bacteria from drought stressedfields to check their effects on rice plants. Bacterial strains were selectively isolated based on their growthon selective media and different biochemical tests. These bacteria were identified by partial sequencing of16s rDNA. We have found that two isolates, Brevibacterium sp. (B4) and Priestiaaryabhattai (B16) (MZ081422.1),have a magnificent role in the growth of rice plants compared to mock-treated plants after drought stresstreatment.
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The current work sought to investigate the impact of two chemicals (NaCl and Brassinolide) on growth parameters, chlorophyll pigments in stevia shoots cultured under in vitro condition. For this, nodal explants of stevia were cultured for... more
The current work sought to investigate the impact of two chemicals (NaCl and Brassinolide) on growth parameters, chlorophyll pigments in stevia shoots cultured under in vitro condition. For this, nodal explants of stevia were cultured for four weeks on MS medium supplemented with 0.2 mg l-1 BAP, Kinetin 0.2 mg l-1 and various concentrations of NaCl (0, 60, 70, 90, 120, 150 mM) and BL (0, 1, 2, 3 4, 5µM) for screening under in vitro condition. Explant treated with NaCl showed reduction with increasing salinity levels in all the studied parameters while explants treated with Brassinolide showed best results in all the studied parameters. From the results, it is concluded that the stevia plant was less impacted by 60mM and 70mM NaCl concentrations when compared to other concentrations of NaCl, but BL increased/improved all the examined parameters when compared to control; 1µM and 2µM concentrations of BL responded the best.
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Mungbean (Vigna radiate L.) is one of the most important legume crops of Asiatic region. The average yield of mungbean is quite low due to its susceptibility against mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV). Mungbean yellow mosaic virus... more
Mungbean (Vigna radiate L.) is one of the most important legume crops of Asiatic region. The average yield of mungbean is quite low due to its susceptibility against mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV). Mungbean yellow mosaic virus disease (MYMD) is caused by MYMV, which is transmitted through whitefly (Bemisia tabaci). The controlling of this devastating disease is mainly depends upon spraying of insecticides, which cause serious ill effect on humans and soil health. Breeding for its resistance is one of the best strategies for developing MYMV resistant genotypes in mungbean. Several types of molecular markers have been used in marker assisted breeding (MAB) in mungbean. Among them SSR markers are widely used and a plethora of scientific advocate the use of the SSR marker in developing MYMV resistance in mungbean. Recent advancements in functional genomics and gene editing technologies can further enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying resistance to MYMV a...
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BackgroundOccurrence and prevention of diseases have a big impact on sustainability of staple food crop like rice. The crosstalk between phytohormones and secondary messengers in host cell during infestation of pathogens play a pivotal... more
BackgroundOccurrence and prevention of diseases have a big impact on sustainability of staple food crop like rice. The crosstalk between phytohormones and secondary messengers in host cell during infestation of pathogens play a pivotal role in defence responses. Apart from SA and JA, the role of brassinosteroids (BR) in defence responses in plants is unprecedented. The calcium signatures observed during early infection process modulates the expression of calmodulin and other Ca2+ binding protein followed by their interactions with calmodulin binding protein (CBP), which are pivotal in elucidating defence responses in plant. Numerous CBPs have been identified, which modulated stress responses with the help of CBD and other functional domain. Interestingly, Arabidopsis CBP60 (AtCBP60) family protein, SARD1, was involved in defense responses via SAR. However, no rice CBP60 (OsCBP60) has been identified in relation to pathogen infection yet. ResultsIn present investigation, 15 OsCBP60 g...
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Background: Urdbean’s low productivity is largely due to its susceptibility against whitefly-transmitted mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) disease. The effect of Salicylic acid (SA) on MYMV disease resistance and its impact on seed... more
Background: Urdbean’s low productivity is largely due to its susceptibility against whitefly-transmitted mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) disease. The effect of Salicylic acid (SA) on MYMV disease resistance and its impact on seed yield under field conditions on diverse genotypes is largely unknown. Therefore, in present investigation, we have analysed the effect of SA on induction of antioxidant enzymes leading to MYMV resistance and enhanced seed yield in urdbean genotypes. Methods: Different concentrations of SA were sprayed on 3 week-old susceptible urdbean genotype (LBG 623) and induction of antioxidant enzymes was analysed. A pot experiment was conducted to see the effect of SA on initial induction of antioxidant enzymes maintained over long period of time in 39 urdbean genotypes. Under field conditions, the effect of SA treatment on MYMV disease resistance and seed yield was assessed. Result: Rise in antioxidant enzyme production was observed in SA treated urdbean plants c...
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Science works to discover the functioning of the universe. All theories and methods in science are intended for successful...
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In spite of the possibility of analysing large samples and the rapidity of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technology, the usual protocols for DNA plant extraction remain time-consuming, slow and even hazardous. To lessen labor, time or... more
In spite of the possibility of analysing large samples and the rapidity of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technology, the usual protocols for DNA plant extraction remain time-consuming, slow and even hazardous. To lessen labor, time or cost of DNA extraction, a simple and instant method for genomic DNA extraction from leaf tissue of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) leaf is established. Small quantity of tissue materials (typically 3-5 mg) was ground in a centrifuge tube using plastic pestles in extraction solution. Extracted DNA was suitable for PCR analysis, without centrifugation. The feasibility of this method was confirmed by testing molecular markers and transgene detection. This method requires less than 1 mg of plant tissue stored frozen or used fresh and is useful for molecular marker, transgene detection, and other experiments.
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Sustainable agriculture demands the use of our natural resources to enhance production and productivity without depleting the natural base along with a vision to preserve them for our future generation. The effect of modern agriculture... more
Sustainable agriculture demands the use of our natural resources to enhance production and productivity without depleting the natural base along with a vision to preserve them for our future generation. The effect of modern agriculture driven by agrochemicals has raised serious concern about the health and wellbeing of our environment and humans as well. The growth of the population and shrinking resources has created the need for searching new technology and resources to balance between feeding and preserving the environment. Researchers are nowadays more focussed towards trying and testing new products to reduce our dependency on agrochemicals. Among the various alternatives, Seaweed has drawn the attention of many researchers due to its unique properties and abundant availability. They are nowadays used to increase the yield by enhancing the nutrient uptake by the plant. This can reduce excessive fertilizer application for yield enhancement. Seaweed extracts are also showing effe...
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Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) is one of the world’s major legume crops and suffers substantial damage from wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri( Padwick) with yield loss over 60 per cent. It is an important soil borne... more
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) is one of the world’s major legume crops and suffers substantial damage from wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri( Padwick) with yield loss over 60 per cent. It is an important soil borne plant pathogen and is difficult to manage by application of chemical pesticides. Moreover, the chemical control is costly and leads to residual effect. A plethora of reports indictes the efforts made to reduce environmental effects and rationalize the use of pesticides and manage the pathogen more effectively through Integration of Disease Management (IDM). Application of soil amendments and specific bio-control agents also incorporated in IDM which has potential to suppress soil-borne pathogens through manipulation of the physicochemical and microbiological environment. Therefore, IDM approach for controlling chickpea Fusarium wilt might be a cost effective and eco-friendly approach.
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Susceptibility to root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) is one of the major factors limiting mungbean production in South and South-East Asia. Host-pest-environment interaction in mungbean and root-knot nematode (M. incognita) was... more
Susceptibility to root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) is one of the major factors limiting mungbean production in South and South-East Asia. Host-pest-environment interaction in mungbean and root-knot nematode (M. incognita) was investigated in multi-location field evaluation using 38 promising mungbean genotypes extracted from initial evaluation of 250 genotypes under sick plots considering second stage freshly hatched juvenile as inoculants. The extent of environmental and genotype-by-environment interactions (GGE) was assessed to comprehend the dynamism of resistance and identification of durable resistant mungbean genotypes. Among environmental factors, nematode activity was highly influenced by rainfall and minimum temperature. The GGE biplot and multiple comparison tests detected a higher proportion of genotype × environment (GE) interaction followed by genotype and environment on number of nematode galls, gall index and reproduction factor. The first two principal componen...
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Yellow mosaic disease (YMD) caused by Mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) is one of the most destructive biotic production constraints in urdbean. Development and introduction of resistant cultivars with high seed yield are considered as... more
Yellow mosaic disease (YMD) caused by Mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) is one of the most destructive biotic production constraints in urdbean. Development and introduction of resistant cultivars with high seed yield are considered as the most economical and eco-friendly option to manage YMD, for which availability of stable sources of resistance with high seed yield is a pre-requisite. A set of one hundred twenty eight genotypes of urdbean including a susceptible check were evaluated against MYMV in the field for two consecutive years during summer and kharif 2015-2016 under natural condition of disease incidence. There was considerable variation among the genotypes with respect to disease reaction. Out of 128 genotypes tested, only five genotype namely KU 96-3, NDU 12-1, NIRB 002, NIRB 003 & NIRB 004 were found to be disease free, nineteen genotypes (IPU 10-23, IPU 11-01, KPU 34, KUG 540, KUG 586, Mash-338, NDU 12-2, NDU 12-300, NDUZ 14-21,OBG 35, PU 09-35, Shekhar 3, UH ...
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Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) is one of the world’s major legume crops and suffers substantial damage from wilt disease incited by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri (Padwick) with yield loss over 60 per cent. The screening for new resistance... more
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) is one of the world’s major legume crops and suffers substantial damage from wilt disease incited by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri (Padwick) with yield loss over 60 per cent. The screening for new resistance chickpea genotypes against this disease is an alternative approach to avoid indiscriminate use of chemical pesticides. In this study 55 chickpea genotypes were screened against Fusarium wilt. Out of 55 chickpea genotypes studied, only one genotype was found to be resistant and 12 were found to be moderately resistance. Nineteen genotypes showed moderately susceptible. However, nineteen and four genotypes showed susceptible and highly susceptible reaction for wilt disease, respectively.
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Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are the small ubiquitous self-defence products which are extensively distributed in plants. They can be classified into several groups, including thionins, defensins, snakins, lipid transfer proteins,... more
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are the small ubiquitous self-defence products which are extensively distributed in plants. They can be classified into several groups, including thionins, defensins, snakins, lipid transfer proteins, glycine-rich proteins, cyclotides, and hevein-type proteins. AMPs are important mediators of an innate host defence system, with antimicrobial activities against a broad spectrum of microorganisms. AMPs can be extracted and isolated from different plants and plant organs such as stems, roots, seeds, flowers and leaves. They perform various physiological defensive mechanisms to eliminate viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites, and so could be used as therapeutic and preservative agents.
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Thirty well-characterized pseudomonad isolates for plant growth-promoting traits were screened for their antagonistic activities against 20 isolates of Sclerotium rolfsii. Out of the 30 pseudomonad isolates, PUR46 was found to be best... more
Thirty well-characterized pseudomonad isolates for plant growth-promoting traits were screened for their antagonistic activities against 20 isolates of Sclerotium rolfsii. Out of the 30 pseudomonad isolates, PUR46 was found to be best against all 20 isolates of Sclerotium rolfsii, because of its unique ability to suppress the growth of mycelia as well as the sclerotia formation of most of the S. rolfsii isolates in vitro conditions. In our previous study, PUR46 was also found to be positive for growth promoting traits like phosphorus solubilization and ammonification. The results suggested that expression of one or more of the traits like antagonistic activity against S. rolfsii and solubilization of tri-calcium phosphate may help in controlling the pathogen besides enhancement of plant growth. In this study, our investigations clearly indicate that PGPR isolates PUR 46 may be exploited to be used as potential biocontrol agents against S. rolfsii in agriculture system.
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Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is a powerful reverse genetics technology used to unravel the functions of genes. It uses viruses as vectors to carry targeted plant genes. The virus vector is used to induce RNA-mediated silencing of a... more
Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is a powerful reverse genetics technology used to unravel the functions of genes. It uses viruses as vectors to carry targeted plant genes. The virus vector is used to induce RNA-mediated silencing of a gene or genes in the host plant. The process of silencing is triggered by dsRNA molecules, the mechanism is explained in this chapter. Over the years a large number of viruses have been modified for use as VIGS vectors and a list of these vectors is also included. As the name suggests, virus-induced gene silencing uses the host plant’s natural defense mechanisms against viral infection to silence plant genes. VIGS is methodologically simple and is widely used to determine gene functions, including disease resistance, abiotic stress, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and signal transduction pathways. Here, we made an attempt to describe the basic underlying molecular mechanism of VIGS, the methodology and various experimental requirements, as we...
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Crude extracts and active principles from medicinal plants have shown potential role in controlling plant diseases in glasshouses as well as in fields as one of the safest and ecofriendly methods. The effect of nor-securinine (an... more
Crude extracts and active principles from medicinal plants have shown potential role in controlling plant diseases in glasshouses as well as in fields as one of the safest and ecofriendly methods. The effect of nor-securinine (an alkaloid) isolated from Phyllanthus amarus has been seen against spore germination of some fungi (Alternaria brassicae, A. solani, Curvularia pennisetti, Curvularia sp., Erysiphe pisi, Helminthosporium frumentacei) as well as pea powdery mildew (Erysiphe pisi) under glasshouse conditions. The sensitivity of fungi to nor-securinine varied considerably. Nor-securinine was effective against most of the fungi. H. frumentacei was more sensitive even at the lowest concentration (1,000 µg/ml). Likewise conidia of E. pisi were also inhibited in partially or completely appressorium formation. Pre-inoculation treatment showed greater efficacy than post-inoculation in inhibiting powdery mildew development on pea plants in a glasshouse. Maximum inhibition occurred at 2...
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ABSTRACT Medicinal plants play important roles in controlling plant diseases as one of the safest and ecofriendly methods. These plants have been used in the form of crude extracts as well as active principles in vitro and under field... more
ABSTRACT Medicinal plants play important roles in controlling plant diseases as one of the safest and ecofriendly methods. These plants have been used in the form of crude extracts as well as active principles in vitro and under field conditions to control plant diseases. Among the active principles, alkaloids have shown significant antifungal activity. We have investigated the effect of two alkaloids viz., (-)-corydahnine and (-)-isocorypahnine isolated from Corydalis chaerophylla, against spore germination of some plant pathogenic and saprophytic fungal spores. Significant inhibition of spore germination at 100 µg/ml was seen against Curvularia penniseti, Curvularia sp. and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides by (-)-corydahnine but (-)-isocorypalmine was also effective against fungi included in the experiment.
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Page 1. Management of Sclerotium rolfsii with integration of non-conventional chemicals, vermicompost and Pseudomonas syringae Sangita Sahni Æ Birinchi Kumar Sarma Æ Kalika P. Singh Received: 22 March 2007 / Accepted ...