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En este artículo se estudia la relación entre exportaciones, productividad e innovación tecnológica. En primer lugar, se analiza la relación de causalidad entre desempeño exportador y productividad de las empresas A diferencia de otros... more
En este artículo se estudia la relación entre exportaciones, productividad e innovación tecnológica. En primer lugar, se analiza la relación de causalidad entre desempeño exportador y productividad de las empresas A diferencia de otros trabajos que utilizan una metodología similar, los resultados no muestran pruebas en favor del aprendizaje por exportar. En realidad, aunque una vez que las empresas comienzan a exportar existe un aumento de la productividad total de aproximadamente 10%, éste no es estadísticamente significativo y no se mantiene a lo largo del tiempo. Este artículo analiza, además, si existen otras maneras de aprendizaje vinculadas al proceso exportador. A diferencia de otros trabajos en economías desarrolladas, los resultados para Chile no sugieren ganancias significativas provenientes de la aglomeración geográfica y sectorial de los exportadores. Finalmente, se estudia si la actividad innovadora de las empresas favorece el desempeño exportador. Con indicadores de in...
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Este artículo analiza un conjunto de consorcios tecnológicos apoyados con recursos públicos en Argentina, Chile, Colombia y Uruguay. Estos programas buscan facilitar la interacción entre empresas e instituciones dedicadas a la producción... more
Este artículo analiza un conjunto de consorcios tecnológicos apoyados con recursos públicos en Argentina, Chile, Colombia y Uruguay. Estos programas buscan facilitar la interacción entre empresas e instituciones dedicadas a la producción de ciencia y tecnología. Los resultados, basados en datos recabados para un subconjunto de los grupos apoyados, ponen en relieve las dificultades y los largos tiempos que se requieren para lograr resultados concretos, en particular, en innovación tecnológica. El trabajo cuantitativo muestra una evaluación relativamente baja de las empresas respecto al efecto de estos instrumentos en la generación de innovaciones de productos y procesos y la obtención de patentes, aunque existen aspectos relativamente mejor evaluados, como el mejoramiento del acceso a conocimiento tecnológico, en ámbitos como el mercadeo y los recursos humanos. Esto puede deberse a que varios de los consorcios llevan poco tiempo en funcionamiento y necesitan un plazo más largo para s...
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In this paper, we study empirically the relationship between export orientation and firm productivity in Chilean manufacturing industry. Similar to findings for other countries and consistent with recent theoretical models, our results... more
In this paper, we study empirically the relationship between export orientation and firm productivity in Chilean manufacturing industry. Similar to findings for other countries and consistent with recent theoretical models, our results show that exporters
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Este estudio analiza las características y los resultados de programas para promover consorcios tecnológicos en cuatro economías latinoamericanas: Argentina, Chile, Colombia y Uruguay
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Research Interests: Business, Economics, International Economics, Monetary Economics, Higher Education, and 14 moreFinancial development, Human Capital, Applied Economics, Trade, Panel Data, Trade Openness, Terms of Trade, Exchange rate, Openness to experience, Capital Accumulation, Real Exchange Rate, Large Dataset Analysis, Exchange rate volatility, and human capital accumulation
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We examine evidence from a 2006 to 2009 data panel to explore how Chilean households were affected by the negative income shock observed during the recent financial crisis. Our results show that there is a negative and significant... more
We examine evidence from a 2006 to 2009 data panel to explore how Chilean households were affected by the negative income shock observed during the recent financial crisis. Our results show that there is a negative and significant relationship between income shocks and changes in consumption debt. This suggests that increasing debt allowed households to smooth consumption during the financial crisis and provides new empirical evidence of the importance of financial constraints in a developing economy. We find evidence of heterogeneous effects by type of consumption debt and across households. Our results show that income loss increased indebtedness with banking institutions, but not with non-banking creditors. Across households, these results are driven mainly by those with financial assets and low levels of indebtedness before the crisis.
COVID-19 has caused a certain proportion of patients to be hospitalized in intensive care units (ICU) and may cause musculoskeletal and neurological deficits following intubation and mechanical ventilation. The aim of this study was to... more
COVID-19 has caused a certain proportion of patients to be hospitalized in intensive care units (ICU) and may cause musculoskeletal and neurological deficits following intubation and mechanical ventilation. The aim of this study was to quantify and describe the presence of shoulder pain in patients released from hospitals after suffering COVID-19. Patients with positive Apley tests were sent to a physiatrist for a clinical evaluation, ultrasound and electromyography (EMG). This evaluation was completed with a pain scale, joint range and shoulder muscle strength evaluations. Of the one-hundred-sixteen patients, seventy eight entered the respiratory rehabilitation program. Twenty patients were sent to the multidisciplinary shoulder team for positive Apley scratch tests. Of these twenty patients, one had only an EMG, ten had only ultrasounds, seven had an EMG and ultrasound and two did not need complementary tests. The twenty patients were sent to the physical therapist, with all prese...
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The environmental impact of the road transport sector, together with urban freight transport growth, has a notable repercussions in global warming, health and economy. The need to reduce emissions caused by fossil fuel dependence and to... more
The environmental impact of the road transport sector, together with urban freight transport growth, has a notable repercussions in global warming, health and economy. The need to reduce emissions caused by fossil fuel dependence and to foster the use of renewable energy sources has driven the development of zero-emissions powertrains. These clean transportation technologies are not only necessary to move people but to transport the increasing demand for goods and services that is currently taking place in the larger cities. Full electric battery-powered vans seem to be the best-placed solution to the problem. However, despite the progress in driving range and recharge options, those and other market barriers remain unsolved and the current market share of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) is not significant. Based on the development of hydrogen fuel cell stacks, this work explains an emerging powertrain architecture concept for N1 class type vans, that combines a battery-electric co...
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Obesity is a preventable chronic condition that, in 2016, affected more than 1.9 billion people globally. Several factors have been identified that have a positive impact on long-term weight loss programs such as personalized... more
Obesity is a preventable chronic condition that, in 2016, affected more than 1.9 billion people globally. Several factors have been identified that have a positive impact on long-term weight loss programs such as personalized recommendations, adherence strategies, weight and diet follow-up or physical activity tracking. Recently, various applications have been developed which help patients to self-manage their condition. These apps implement either one or some of these identified factors; however, there is not a single application that combines all of them following a holistic approach. In this context, we developed the OBINTER platform, which assists patients during the weight loss process by targeting user engagement during the longer term. The solution includes a mobile application which allows users to fill out dietetic questionnaires, receive dietetic and nutraceutical plans, track the evolution of their weight and adherence to the diet, as well as track their physical activity...
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Competition is considered as a key driver of productivity growth. However, the empirical evidence on its impact is scant in developing countries. Using information from manufacturing plants for the period 1995–2007, we analyze the impact... more
Competition is considered as a key driver of productivity growth. However, the empirical evidence on its impact is scant in developing countries. Using information from manufacturing plants for the period 1995–2007, we analyze the impact of competition on firm selection and productivity growth in Chile. Our results indicate that competition has a positive effect on total factor productivity (TFP) growth, especially for laggard firms. We find weaker evidence that competition affects the probability of exit for low-productivity firms. In general, these results for productivity growth are robust to alternative methodologies for calculating productivity and to the inclusion of other variables that may affect firms’ TFP growth. We find support for Schumpeterian forces, but the quantitative impact is small.
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We construct a time-variant, price-based measure of trade distortions in 28 manufacturing industries for a large sample of countries over the last four decades, documenting facts consistent with the argument that changes in relative... more
We construct a time-variant, price-based measure of trade distortions in 28 manufacturing industries for a large sample of countries over the last four decades, documenting facts consistent with the argument that changes in relative prices are an important channel through which an economy’s openness affects outcomes. First, we find that price distortions at the aggregate level are negatively associated with
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ABSTRACT In this paper we address the current European Union's support policy for BEV (battery electric vehicles) manufacturing under the Super-credit modality, and its actual relationship with the reduction of carbon emissions... more
ABSTRACT In this paper we address the current European Union's support policy for BEV (battery electric vehicles) manufacturing under the Super-credit modality, and its actual relationship with the reduction of carbon emissions derived from the use of battery electric vehicles (BEV). Particularly, we have estimated the BEV associated carbon emissions through the method provided by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). In this sense, we have employed a BEV model to investigate the BEV emissions by country in the EU according to the regional electricity mix. We additionally have accounted for the particularities of real-world driving, which further affects the results. We have employed a measure of driving aggressiveness by modifying the standard benchmarking driving cycle fostered by the European Union and of necessary application by vehicle manufacturersdthe NEDCdto show that BEV emissions are not negligible when compared with internal combustion vehicles; mainly in urban environments. On the whole, in this paper we provide a revision framework of the Super Credits meant to support the increase of the BEV fleet in the European Union. In its current form, the Super-credits support policy is a constant ratio depending on the manufactured internal combustion vehicles. We claim, however, that they should depend on the BEV recipient country instead. By revising the European electricity mix, we demonstrate for instance that countries such as Poland, though indirectly, largely exceed the allowed limits of CO2 emissions derived from the upstream generation of electricity required to load the BEV.
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A Numerical Approach and Comparison of Cutting Forces and Chip Morphology in Orthogonal Cutting of Light Alloys. [AIP Conference Proceedings 1315, 1633 (2011)]. Roberto Álvarez, Rosario Domingo, Miguel Ángel Sebastián. Abstract. ...
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The aim of the present study was to analyze the relationship between predisposition to hallucinations, metacognitive variables and attentional deficits. To this end we applied the Revised Hallucinations Scale (RHS); the Meta-Cognitions... more
The aim of the present study was to analyze the relationship between predisposition to hallucinations, metacognitive variables and attentional deficits. To this end we applied the Revised Hallucinations Scale (RHS); the Meta-Cognitions Questionnaire (MCQ), the Beck ...
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... 200525. Jensen, LS, Salo, T., Palmason, F., Breland, TA, Henriksen, TM, Stenberg Pedersen, BA, Lundström, C. and Esala, M. 2005. ... [CrossRef], [Web of Science ®] View all references; Ismail, Hofman, and Ichir 2003; Mubarak et al.... more
... 200525. Jensen, LS, Salo, T., Palmason, F., Breland, TA, Henriksen, TM, Stenberg Pedersen, BA, Lundström, C. and Esala, M. 2005. ... [CrossRef], [Web of Science ®] View all references; Ismail, Hofman, and Ichir 2003; Mubarak et al. 200333. ...