Research Interests: Mechanical Engineering, Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Renewable Energy, Catalysis, and 11 moreBiodiesel, Nanoparticle, Response Surface Methodology, Magnetic nanoparticles, Methanol, Biodiesel Production, Transesterification, Magnetic Nanoparticles, Lipase, Electrical And Electronic Engineering, and Mesoporous Material
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Rapid, non-destructive, and smart assessment of the maturity levels of fruit facilitates their harvesting and handling operations throughout the supply chain. Recent studies have introduced machine vision systems as a promising candidate... more
Rapid, non-destructive, and smart assessment of the maturity levels of fruit facilitates their harvesting and handling operations throughout the supply chain. Recent studies have introduced machine vision systems as a promising candidate for non-destructive evaluations of the ripeness levels of various agricultural and forest products. However, the reported models have been fruit-specific and cannot be applied to other fruit. In this regard, the current study aims to evaluate the feasibility of estimating the ripeness levels of wild pistachio fruit using image processing and artificial intelligence techniques. Images of wild pistachios at four ripeness levels were recorded using a digital camera, and 285 color and texture features were extracted from 160 samples. Using the quadratic sequential feature selection method, 16 efficient features were identified and used to estimate the maturity levels of samples. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA), quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA), ...
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ABSTRACT The current study presents a persimmon maturity classification system using color-based image processing and support vector machine (SVM) techniques. Firstly, borders of images were removed. Then, B channel of images obtained,... more
ABSTRACT The current study presents a persimmon maturity classification system using color-based image processing and support vector machine (SVM) techniques. Firstly, borders of images were removed. Then, B channel of images obtained, filters were applied and black spots on the persimmons were altered. Finally, useful features were extracted and calculated from binary images. SVM model was trained in one versus one SVM1) and one versus rest (SVM2) methods. The results of study showed that for both SVM1 and SVM2 methods, the model could categorize the fruits with the average classification errors and CCR of 0.05 and 81.71, respectively. The results demonstrated that the SVM model could successfully classify the fruits into three different maturity stages. Experimental evidence shows that image processing and SVM methods has a very effective results in classifying persimmon fruits. Keywords: Persimmon, Maturity, Image processing, Classification, Support vector machine.
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The existence of dockage, unripe kernels, and foreign materials in chickpea mixtures is one of the main concerns during chickpea storage and marketing. Novel algorithms based on image processing were developed to detect undesirable,... more
The existence of dockage, unripe kernels, and foreign materials in chickpea mixtures is one of the main concerns during chickpea storage and marketing. Novel algorithms based on image processing were developed to detect undesirable, foreign materials, and matured chickpea kernels in the chickpea mixture. Images of 270 objects including 54 sound samples and 36 samples of each undesired object were prepared and features of these acquired images were extracted. Different models based on linear discriminant analysis (LDA), support vector machine (SVM), and artificial neural networks (ANN) methods were developed by using MATLAB. Three classification algorithms based on LDA, SVM, and ANN methods were developed. The classification accuracy in training, testing, and overall detection showed the superiority of ANN (99.4, 92.6, and 94.4%, respectively) and LDA (91.1, 94.0, and 91.9%, respectively) over the SVM (100, 53.7, and 88.5%, respectively). The developed image processing technique can ...
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Abstract One of the most important features of the biodiesel fuels to be used in diesel engines is decreasing engine emissions. In the present research, the emissions of an OM 924 Diesel Engine were modeled based on the response surface... more
Abstract One of the most important features of the biodiesel fuels to be used in diesel engines is decreasing engine emissions. In the present research, the emissions of an OM 924 Diesel Engine were modeled based on the response surface methodology under the effects of alga biodiesel as well as engine load and rotational speed to find the minimum of those amounts. The obtained quadratic models to predict the effect of input variables on the response surface were statistically significant at 1 % probability level. The amount of CO and HC emissions decreased by increasing the biodiesel percentage compared to that of pure diesel fuel. Biodiesel percentage of 65.6 and 62.6 % were the best blends in terms of minimizing CO and HC emissions, respectively. By increasing the percentage of biodiesel in the blended fuels, CO2 and NOX emissions increased and the lowest amounts of those were observed for pure diesel fuel and B6, respectively. Also, an increase in biodiesel percentage in the blended fuels caused to decrease in smoke opacity and high biodiesel percentages were the best in terms of minimizing smoke opacity. The results of multi-objective optimization showed that the lowest CO, CO2, HC, NOX, and smoke opacity emissions happened for 66.6 % biodiesel at the engine load and rotational speed of 36.9 % and 1527 RPM, respectively.
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Cross bar of mouldboard plough of Massey Ferguson 399 Tractor was investigated by finite element method in point of failure analysis. A 3-d model of the cross bar was provided in ANSYS Software, and the constraints, boundary conditions,... more
Cross bar of mouldboard plough of Massey Ferguson 399 Tractor was investigated by finite element method in point of failure analysis. A 3-d model of the cross bar was provided in ANSYS Software, and the constraints, boundary conditions, and loads were applied on the model. The fatigue analysis was done on the model after static analysis. The exerted loads were calculated based on the maximum draft force of the tractor. Based on Soderberg criteria, the safety factor in fatigue analysis was calculated and that of the left hole of the cross bar was minimum as 1.82 that shows higher failure probability of that. The result of fatigue analysis in the present research is in agreement with that practically is happened for mouldboard plough cross bar.
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Abstract The most important process before packaging and preserving agricultural products is sorting operation. Sort of carrot by human labor is involved in many problems such as high cost and product waste. Image processing is a modern... more
Abstract The most important process before packaging and preserving agricultural products is sorting operation. Sort of carrot by human labor is involved in many problems such as high cost and product waste. Image processing is a modern method, which has different applications in agriculture including classification and sorting. The aim of this study was to classify carrot based on shape using image processing technique. For this, 135 samples with different regular and irregular shapes were selected. After image acquisition and preprocessing, some features such as length, width, breadth, perimeter, elongation, compactness, roundness, area, eccentricity, centroid, centroid nonhomogeneity, and width nonhomogeneity were extracted. After feature selection, linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA) methods were used to classify the features. The classification accuracies of the methods were 92.59 and 96.30, respectively. It can be stated that image processing is an effective way in improving the traditional carrot sorting techniques.
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Liquid ammonia storage leakage accident occurred frequently in recent years. In this paper, the Infrared thermal imaging Technology had been presented by introducing the applications of liquid ammonia storage inspection. It was indicated... more
Liquid ammonia storage leakage accident occurred frequently in recent years. In this paper, the Infrared thermal imaging Technology had been presented by introducing the applications of liquid ammonia storage inspection. It was indicated that the infrared thermal imaging technology had irreplaceable advantages in equipment insulation condition assessment, funneled detection, heat level judgment, electrical equipment failure hidden. The experiments showed that infrared thermal imaging technology could provide scientific references for early diagnosis and preventive maintenance of devices. And it had widely application prospect in the ammonia refrigeration system safety inspections.
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ABSTRACT Thermal imaging (TI) is an important technique to determine the temperature of agricultural materials and also to manage some of agricultural engineering operations. The goal of this research was determining the total emissivity... more
ABSTRACT Thermal imaging (TI) is an important technique to determine the temperature of agricultural materials and also to manage some of agricultural engineering operations. The goal of this research was determining the total emissivity of pistachio kernel, as a necessity for non-contact thermometry, and investigating the influence of surface temperature and moisture content of pistachio kernel on that. Thermal imaging camera and contact thermometer were used for these purposes. There was obtained 0.95 as the total emissivity of pistachio kernel in 4.5% moisture content. The results show that the total emissivity of pistachio kernel will be increased by increasing of temperature and decreasing of moisture content.
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In this study, two theories for terminal velocity of fruits were proved by authors as KHAT1 and KHAT2 theories. Terminal velocity of Redspar apples was experimentally measured using water column and video camera. Some apple... more
In this study, two theories for terminal velocity of fruits were proved by authors as KHAT1 and KHAT2 theories. Terminal velocity of Redspar apples was experimentally measured using water column and video camera. Some apple characteristics that affect on terminal velocity of apple based on proved theories were determined using standard methods. There is found that the most effective characteristics
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ABSTRACT The effect of moisture content on the physical properties of the black variety of tiger nut was investigated using a completely randomized design, for four moisture content levels initially at 32% and sun dried to 27, 22 and... more
ABSTRACT The effect of moisture content on the physical properties of the black variety of tiger nut was investigated using a completely randomized design, for four moisture content levels initially at 32% and sun dried to 27, 22 and 17%(wb) moisture contents. In these ...
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The dust phenomenon is one of the main environmental problems that it reversely affects human health and economical and social activities. In the present research, a novel algorithm has been developed based on image processing to estimate... more
The dust phenomenon is one of the main environmental problems that it reversely affects human health and economical and social activities. In the present research, a novel algorithm has been developed based on image processing to estimate dust concentration. An experimental setup was implemented to create airborne dust with different concentration values from 0 to 2750 µg.m−3. The images of the different dust concentration values were acquired and analyzed by image processing technique. Different color and texture features were extracted from various color spaces. The extracted features were used to develop single and multivariable models by regression method. Totally 285 single variable models were obtained and compared to select efficient features among them. The best single variable model had a predictive accuracy of 91%. The features were used for multivariable modeling and the best model was selected with a predictive accuracy of 100% and a mean squared error of 1.44 × 10−23. T...
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Evaluating the energy and environmental indicators allows for identifying the strengths and weaknesses of a system for optimizing material and energy consumption and developing strategies to reduce environmental impacts. This study... more
Evaluating the energy and environmental indicators allows for identifying the strengths and weaknesses of a system for optimizing material and energy consumption and developing strategies to reduce environmental impacts. This study determined and assessed the energy and environmental indicators of wheat flour production systems. The input and output materials and corresponding energy equivalents were calculated and then the energy indicators and forms. The environmental indicators were assessed by the life cycle assessment method in SimaPro software. The total input and output energies per year of flour production were 287935007 and 286675200 MJ, respectively. Wheat had the highest share (99.19%) of energy consumption in flour production; the energy ratio, productivity, intensity, and net energy gain indexes were equal to 1.02, 0.07 kg/MJ, 13.84, MJ/kg, and 0.31 MJ/kg, respectively. In the flour factory, the share of direct and indirect energy was 0.27 and 99.73%, respectively; the ...
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800x600 Settling depth of orange fruits and vegetables with the density lower than the density of water is an important hydrodynamic property important in hydraulic sorting and transporting. In this research, settling depth of orange... more
800x600 Settling depth of orange fruits and vegetables with the density lower than the density of water is an important hydrodynamic property important in hydraulic sorting and transporting. In this research, settling depth of orange fruit with regular shapes was experimentally modeled. The considered parameters in multivariate modeling were fruit characteristics, density, mass and volume, and dropping height of the fruits. The characteristics were determined by standard methods. The settling depth was determined by a water column and a digital camera. The models were obtained in MATLAB software. The best model was based on the density, volume and dropping height with coefficient of determination (R 2 ) and mean squire error (MSE) of 0.89 and 4.67×10 -7 , respectively. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-styl...
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Three-dimensional reconstruction of objects is one of the key elements in production processes. Stereo vision is one of the robost techniques in this field. Accuracy of the reconstruction is influenced by several parameters that mainly... more
Three-dimensional reconstruction of objects is one of the key elements in production processes. Stereo vision is one of the robost techniques in this field. Accuracy of the reconstruction is influenced by several parameters that mainly determined through the calibration process. Besides, symetring of two accquired images effects on the accuracy. In the present research, a three-dimensional model reconstruction system based on stereo vision technique included a camera, a robot, a lightening system, a cubic object, and IMAQ Image Processing and LabVIEW Softwares. The inactive stereo vision was considered such that the images were acquired by the same camera in two different positions. The cuboid model was implemented after camera calibration. The corners of the object were considered to remove the symmetry problems. After comparing the dimensions of the reconstructed model with those of real objects, the maximum error value of the system was obtained as 0.75 mm and the error variance ...
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Spray drift study for reducing environmental hazards and protecting crops is of high importance as the pesticides used today are more active and many are non-selective. Drift potential can be restricted by assessing and optimizing... more
Spray drift study for reducing environmental hazards and protecting crops is of high importance as the pesticides used today are more active and many are non-selective. Drift potential can be restricted by assessing and optimizing equipment design, application parameters, the liquid spray properties, type of formulation and environmental conditions. The aim of this research was to design, construct and assess an intelligent system to determine the level of the spraying drift. The main parts of the system were liquid supply mechanism, pipes and nozzles, a controlled pneumatic system to pressurize the liquid, a nozzle moving system with a controlling panel and a tunnel for wind providing and control. To assess the performance of sprayer and drift of droplets, water sensitive papers were placed in different distances from the nozzle considering different environmental conditions including: wind speed, spraying pressure and height. The evaluation results showed that the drift was increa...
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Emissivity is an important parameter to determine the temperature of agricultural materials and also to manage some of agricultural engineering operations using thermal imaging (TI) technology. The goal of this research was determination... more
Emissivity is an important parameter to determine the temperature of agricultural materials and also to manage some of agricultural engineering operations using thermal imaging (TI) technology. The goal of this research was determination of the total emissivity of pistachio kernel, as a necessity for non-contact thermometry, and investigating the influence of surface temperature and moisture content of pistachio kernel on that. Thermal imaging camera and contact thermometer were used and theire readings were compared for these purposes. The total emissivity of pistachio kernel in 4.5% moisture content was obtained 0.95. The results showed that the total emissivity of pistachio kernel increased by increasing of temperature and decreasing of moisture content.
Emissivity is an important and necessary parameter for non-contact thermometry. In this research, the emissivity of pistachio was determined by comparing the readings of contact thermometer and that of thermal imaging camera. In addition,... more
Emissivity is an important and necessary parameter for non-contact thermometry. In this research, the emissivity of pistachio was determined by comparing the readings of contact thermometer and that of thermal imaging camera. In addition, the effect of surface temperature of pistachio kernel on its emissivity was investigated. The obtained results show 0.95 as emissivity of pistachio kernel in 4.5% d.b. moisture content. There was observed that the emissivity of pistachio kernel will be increased by increasing of temperature.
This study employed artificial neural network method for predicting the sprayer drift under different conditions using image processing technique. A wind tunnel was used for providing air flow in different velocities. Water Sensitive... more
This study employed artificial neural network method for predicting the sprayer drift under different conditions using image processing technique. A wind tunnel was used for providing air flow in different velocities. Water Sensitive Paper (WSP) was used to absorb spray droplets and an automatic algorithm processed the images of WSPs for measuring droplet properties including volume median diameter (D v0.5 ) and Surface Coverage Percent (SCP). Four Levenberg-Marqurdt models were developed to correlate the sprayer drift (output parameter) to the input parameters (height, pressure, wind velocity and D v0.5 ). The ANN models were capable of predicting the output variables in different conditions of spraying with a high performance. Both models predicted the output variables with R 2 values higher than 0.96 indicating the accuracy of the selected networks. Therefore, the developed predictor models can be used in precision agriculture for decreasing spray costs and losses and also enviro...
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Abstract Nutritional properties and simple accessibility caused to pay attention to medicinal plants for long time. Therefore, the present study has been carried out to recognize and classify Falcaria vulgaris, Pelargonium sidoides,... more
Abstract Nutritional properties and simple accessibility caused to pay attention to medicinal plants for long time. Therefore, the present study has been carried out to recognize and classify Falcaria vulgaris, Pelargonium sidoides, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Origanum vulgare, Rumex acetosa as most popular medicinal plants Iran. The plant images were acquired by smartphone vision system. A novel robust automatic image processing algorithm was designed for fast identification of medicinal plants under controlled illumination condition. The algorithm was implemented to extract texture, color, and shape features from the acquired images. Artificial neural networks were applied to classify various groups of the studied medicinal plants and the efficient classifier was selected based on error, correlation, and accuracy. The efficient features were feed to the model and the optimum classifier model was obtained with 28-10-6 structure. The accuracy of the model was 100% with correlation coefficient and mean square error of 1.00 and 2.35 × 10-12, respectively. The proposed algorithm has enough potential for ease and accurate classification of the medicinal plants.
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Reducing energy consumption in industry, agriculture, and processing industries is important with regard to economical and environmental aspects. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the material and energy flow as well as... more
Reducing energy consumption in industry, agriculture, and processing industries is important with regard to economical and environmental aspects. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the material and energy flow as well as energy indicators in the production of seven common breads in Iran. The input and output data were collected by questionnaire method and face-to-face interviews with Ilam bakeries in 2020. The energy content of inputs and output materials and the energy indicators were calculated. The total average of energy invested to produce one ton of bread was 22,622.70 MJ, and the output energy was 11,834.89 MJ. The highest output energy belonged to the production of Barbari bread, and the lowest amount was obtained for Sangak bread. The most effective energy consumer input in bread production was wheat flour with a share of 53.57%. The average energy ratio, energy intensity, and net energy gain indicator in bread production were 0.52, 22.62 MJ kg−1, and −10.79 MJ kg−1, respectively. The lowest energy consumption and energy intensity and the highest energy ratio index were related to Rizeshi Nimeh Hajmi bread, and the highest net energy gain was obtained for Barbari bread. Consumption of natural gas in the production of Sangak and Saji bread was higher than other bread types. The obtained findings are benefit results for optimizing the bakery units in point of both energy and material consumption as well as decreasing environmental impacts.
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In this study, the dropping time of apricot fruits was followed experimentally using a water column. Some effective characteristics of apricots related to the dropping time were determined using standard methods. The best models for the... more
In this study, the dropping time of apricot fruits was followed experimentally using a water column. Some effective characteristics of apricots related to the dropping time were determined using standard methods. The best models for the dropping time of Nasiry, Rajabali, and Ghavami apricot varieties as a function of water and fruit densities, shape factor, and fruit volumes were executed with the determination coefficients of 0.95, 0.92, and 0.85, respectively. It was found that the differences between the fruits density minus the density of water had a major effect on their dropping time.