Kamil Ruszała

This book offers a comprehensive overview of the work of the War Graves Department in Krakow (KGA). It situates the Department and its activities within the broad context of the history of Galicia during World War I, focusing on the life and work of the artists working for the KGA.

The Department was active from 1915 to 1918, focusing its work on the areas of former battlefields, as well as on the design and construction of cemeteries in West Galicia. Over 40 artists collaborated with the KGA: architects, painters, sculptors, graphic designers, and photographers from various countries of the monarchy.

An introduction to the history of the KGA comes with an essay by Dr. Kamila Ruszała, addressing the wartime history of Galicia. Ruszała discusses the exile of the civilians and their fear of the Russian army, but also the sources of the idea of making war cemeteries, later transformed into a vast imperial project.

The second essay, by Dr. Beata Nykiel, describes in detail the structure of the KGA, principles of its operation, and the idea behind the founding of the Department. It also presents the biographies of its administrators, in particular Rudolf Broch and Hans Hauptmann. Nykiel situates the history of the making of the Galician war cemeteries complex in the broader context of Austro-Hungarian propaganda and historical politics.

In the final essay, Partridge introduces the biographies of artists working for the KGA. The author discusses exhibitions of their work and describes the post-war history of these objects. She also describes the work of famous artists such as Dušan Jurkovič, Henryk Uziembło, Jan Szczepkowski, and Alfons Karpiński. The essay revives the memory of forgotten artists, whose wartime practice has been discovered and described only in the last decade. This group includes, among others, Hans Mayr, Gustav Ludwig, Heinrich Scholz, Adolf Kašpar, Robert Pochop, and Franz Poledne.

The catalogue is richly illustrated with reproductions of sketches, watercolours, gouaches, as well as photos of selected examples of medal art. The works’ subject matter includes the life in the barracks, views of battlefields, temporary burials sites, as well as genre scenes and views of Krakow.

“In the liberated western part of the province, dotted with thousands of soldiers’ graves, the effort of making war cemeteries was taken as a grand project of the Habsburg Empire. In this way, Galicia became a theatre of a perfectly designed and structured narrative about military operations, full of evocative monuments to fallen soldiers, with their originality and panache often contrasting with war ruins.” (Kamil Ruszała)

"Galicyjski Eksodus" przedstawia zapominane doświadczenie uchodźstwa lat I wojny światowej. Autor dotarł do źródeł austriackich, czeskich, węgierskich, słoweńskich, ukraińskich i polskich, by ukazać sytuację od ucieczki i ewakuacji w poszczególnych latach wojny, poprzez pobyt na uchodźstwie, aż po kwestie powrotów czy pozostania w krajach sukcesyjnych po 1918 roku. To zarazem opowieść o relacji międzykulturowej mieszkańców tej samej monarchii, którym przyszło spotkać się dopiero w warunkach kryzysu wojennego, tuż przed agonią swojego państwa. Sytuacja ta pokazała, jak głęboko podzielone były światy trzech aktorów książki: uchodźców, ludności miejscowej oraz władzy, która musiała poradzić sobie z nieznanym dotychczas na taką skalę problemem. W książce opisano realia tego spotkania: próby gościnności czy sprawności aparatu biurokratycznego, chęć akceptacji, kwestie wykluczenia, tożsamości, samoorganizacji, a przede wszystkim – reakcje w konfrontacji każdej warstwy społecznej z azylantami.

"Choć wojna niejedno ma oblicze, pewnym jest, iż w bilansie wygranych i przegranych zawsze przeważają ci ostatni. Nie inaczej było w wypadku I wojny światowej. Wśród ofiar błędnych kalkulacji wojskowych i polityków znalazły się również masy najczęściej bezimiennych uchodźców, zmuszonych do opuszczenia rodzinnych stron i świata, który dobrze znali. W swej najnowszej książce Kamil Ruszała ze znawstwem, na bazie dogłębnych badań w kilkunastu archiwach Europy Środkowej, maluje szeroką panoramę losów kilkuset tysięcy Galicjan różnych wyznań i narodowości, którzy jesienią 1914 r., w obliczu rosyjskiej inwazji, a także w wyniku późniejszych ruchów wojsk, szukali azylu w głębi monarchii habsburskiej. Część z nich uciekała w popłochu i chaosie na własną rękę, część zaś objęto, nierzadko przymusową, ewakuacją. W głębi państwa uchodźcy – poza biedą, niedożywieniem, chorobami, stłoczeniem w obozach, tęsknotą za stronami ojczystymi – często zamiast współczucia i pomocy, napotykali na mur niechęci i obojętności, czasem otwartej wręcz wrogości ze strony miejscowej ludności".
- dr hab. Piotr Szlanta, prof. UW

https://www.universitas.com.pl/produkt/4074/Galicyjski-Eksodus-Uchodzcy-z-Galicji-podczas-I-wojny-swiatowej-w-monarchii-Habsburgow

Without a doubt one of the major battles of the eastern front of the First World War (FWW), when the armies of the Central Powers clashed with the Russian army, beside Tannenberg in 1914, was the battle of Gorlice on 2 May 1915. The town had been on the front line for a long time, occupied by Russian troops, liberated by the allies and invaded again. A lot of space has been devoted in literature to military activities, downplaying the social and economic life in the town during the FWW. The purpose of this book is to fill this gap and present the life of the town and its inhabitants between 1914 and 1918.
The town of Gorlice, situated in the Małopolska (Lesser Poland) region, during the FWW a part of Galicia, was a significant point on the province map in the Habsburg monarchy, if only on account of its oil deposits. In the second part of the nineteenth and the early twentieth century, i. e. during the so-called Galician autonomy, Gorlice was among quite important centers. In 1874 it was destroyed by a major fire, which was followed by a change in urban layout during its reconstruction. The second such change took place after the FWW, in which the town was completely destroyed.
Initially the people of Gorlice did not realize what war really meant; they had known it mainly from historical novels but had not experienced it themselves. That is why the news of its outbreak met at first with curiosity, which later turned into a fear for the future. The events of the autumn of 1914, among others mobilization, conscription, Austrian army marching through the town, the escape of some inhabitants and officials, all triggered off considerable panic. The town was deserted by the main authorities, along with the mayor. At that time a crucial role was played by Rev. Bronisław Świeykowski, who became a protector of the town and its residents – as a chairman of the Provisional Government of the Town – for the duration of the war. Some local people started to flee the town, in an attempt to escape from something they did not know or fully understand – the war. The richer ones left Gorlice for larger cities, including Vienna (mainly people of Jewish origin), others went to their friends deep in Western Galicia. Some of them returned after a few weeks only to see an even greater war scare. Then the residents had to be evacuated as part of a government-arranged refugee action. Many of them were placed in barrack camps, in the Moravia or deep in the Austro-Hungary, some settled in Austrian towns, where they worked for the sake of the refugees, e. g. as teachers. Some other Gorlice inhabitants stayed behind. In both cases the wartime was dramatic for the residents: the refugees had to face exile, hunger, terrible sanitary conditions; the ones who stayed in town faced the enemy troops and had problems with provisions, basic hygiene, felt constantly jeopardized due to remaining on the front line, etc.
The town saw a Russian invasion twice. Until the beginning of November 1914 Austrian soldiers had stationed here. After they had left the town, on 15 November there appeared the first Russian soldiers. Gorlice remained in their hands until 12 December 1914. Then the Third Army led by General Boroević drove back the Russian troops and the Austrians regained the town for over two weeks. Soon, however, the Third and Eight Russian armies repelled the Austrian troops and from 27 December until May the next year Gorlice was under Russian occupation. It found itself on the front line, which for the local people and the authorities meant living practically on the battlefield. For a few months the front ran from the Magura Małastowska peak, along the valley of the Sękówka river through the district of Dworzysko, the cemetery hill, Stróżowska Street towards Mszana, Łużna and further towards Gromnik.
The period of Russian occupation brought about a major destruction of the town, which, being on the front line and occupied by the Russians, was battered by the Austrian army. This changed with the military activities of early May 1915, when the German and Austro-Hungarian army drove back the Russians from the town and then gradually from Western Galicia. After the many months of occupation the town was free, yet the life of the inhabitants had not changed much. The town lay in ruins and needed measures to have it rebuilt, both short-term ones, like creating temporary shelters for the people, and long-term ones, to be carried out with the subsidies from Vienna for reconstructing residential houses, public utility buildings etc. Right after the liberation, still among the ruins, there appeared the Rescue Committee for the Town of Gorlice. Among the urgent problems were food shortages, spreading diseases, insufficient hygiene, lack of security, as well as false accusations of spying for the Russian army.
Special commissions were appointed in order to estimate the extent of the destruction. To rebuild the town a regulatory plan was prepared, drawn up by Stefan Stobiecki. The plan, however, went in for a lot of criticism and was rejected. Another one was prepared by the Professors Józef Gałęzowski and Kazimierz Wyczyński. The reconstruction took many years; it dragged on well into the interwar period and continued even after the Second World War. It took half a century to rebuild a town destroyed in only a few months.
In 1918 the local people took advantage of the general situation in the world and within the country and took to the streets in order to demonstrate their discontent with the war ruining their town for four years. Both in Gorlice and in the whole of Galicia numerous demonstrations took place, at first expressing dissatisfaction with the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. The days of the Habsburg monarchy seemed to be numbered. In Gorlice Polish organs of local administration were set up. There appeared a commune council in the town and a Provisional District Council which later turned into the District Council of the Gorlice Region. The person who played a considerable role in establishing those structures was Władysław Długosz, a deputy to the Parliament in Vienna, who looked after the interests of his Galician electorate in the capital city. At the end of October, with the establishment of the Polish Liquidation Committee (PKL) in Cracow, which started to create its own local structures in the districts, also in the Gorlice district a PKL commissar was appointed. The year 1918 brought an increased hazard to public safety, that is why the security services were reorganized. Also Polish-Jewish antagonisms, which had appeared during the war, now grew stronger. The whole situation led to local changes; there started a long-term process in which the invaders’ rule was being replaced with Polish rule. Full restitution of the organs of local authority was yet to come.
The war left tangible evidence behind: first of all, graves and war cemeteries – not only reminders of the bloody fights in the area but also grand war monuments. It had been planned to put up a large monument to the successful battle of Gorlice, but this was not carried out. Already during the war the people of Gorlice had established a museum of the battle, where they collected all possible keepsakes. A lot of local people showed their awareness of  the significance of the 1914-1918 events by writing down memories, which have now been used by the author to prepare this publication.

This book presents a multi-layered analysis of the situation in Central Europe after the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The new geopolitics emerging from the Versailles order, and at the same time ongoing fights for borders, considerable war damage, social and economic problems and replacement of administrative staff as well as leaders, all contributed to the fact that unlike Western Europe, Central Europe faced challenges and dilemmas on an unprecedented scale. The editors of this book have invited authors from over a dozen academic institutions to answer the question of to what extent the solutions applied in the Habsburg Monarchy were still practiced in the newly created nation states, and to what extent these new political organisms went their own ways. It offers a closer look at Central Europe with its multiple problems typical of that region after 1918 (organizing the post-imperial space, a new political discourse and attempts to create new national memories, the role of national minorities, solving social problems, and verbal and physical violence expressed in public space). Particular chapters concern post-1918 Central Europe on the local, state and international levels, providing a comprehensive view of this sub-region between 1918 and 1923.

"Intellectuals and World War I. A Central European Perspective", edited by Tomasz Pudłocki and Kamil Ruszała, Kraków: Jagiellonian University Press 2018, ISBN: 978-83-233-4500-8, pp. 356.

This volume was planned as an academic and methodological exchange of views between historians and other scholars dealing with social history of World War I in East-Central Europe. Its main aim is an attempt to answer the question how the conflict affected intellectuals in certain clearly defined aspects (family, education, religion, gender, sexuality). Their wartime experi­ences were surely shaped by their whereabouts, everyday life matters, standard of living, and in the case of soldiers — the type of military service. We also took a closer look at members of the intelligentsia who fought in the trenches, those who worked in propaganda or those who held civil service posts in the belligerent countries. It still seems to be an important question whether the cooperation of intellectuals and scholars with the war apparatus was conscious, voluntary, whether it was a form of social mission carried out for the state or nation, or maybe an attempt by the governments and rulers to use the “naive clerks” ­instrumentally? Among many important issues there is also a reflection on the intellectuals’ stance towards militarism and the outbreak of war: their reactions, thoughts, predictions, and the way they interpreted the war events for society. That is why we also wanted to find out how the war was conceptualized by intellectuals, how it was commented upon and how the post-war reality was conceived.

Table of Contents:

Preface: The Great War and Intellectuals from East-Central Europe: Reflections from the Perspective of a Century (Tomasz Pudłocki and Kamil Ruszała)

I. CHALLENGES OF GREAT WAR: GENERAL STUDIES
PIETER M. JUDSON, War and the Habsburg Monarchy: A Revisionist View
MACIEJ GÓRNY, First Write, Then Shoot: East Central European Intellectuals and the Great War
VIKTORIIA VOLOSHENKO, Intellectuals and (Anti)Military Propaganda in the Popular Literature for Ukrainian Peasantry Before World War I
LIUBOV ZHVANKO, Ukrainian Intelligentsia and the Refugees of World War I
BELINDA DAVIS, “Going All the Way” for the People? Reading Traugott v. Jagow’s Wartime Transformations
ESZTER BALÁZS, The Intellectual’s Body in War: Hungarian Writers’ Cases in World War I
STEVO ĐURAŠKOVIĆ, Croatian Intellectuals and World War I: Between Croatia as Bulwark of Mitteleuropa Towards the West and the Other Way Around
KAMIL RUSZAŁA, Intellectuals and the Galician Refugees During World War I in Austria-Hungary: Disparate Attitudes
MARKO VUKIČEVIĆ, Architects of Zagreb: Careers and the Great War

II. CASE STUDIES
ANDRZEJ SYNOWIEC, The Social Involvement of the Jagiellonian University Professor Stefan Jentys During World War I
NATALIA KOLB, The Great War in the Light of Documents and Correspondence of the Galician Greek Catholic Parish Priest Isydor Hlynskyi
Andrea Griffante, Between Pain and Care: Once More on Gabrielė Petkevičaitė War Experience
SUSANNE KORBEL, The Österreichische Reiterlied by Dr. Zuckermann: A Nearly Forgotten History of a Jewish Intellectual in the Great War
ROBERT BLOBAUM, Noah Prylucki: Jewish Nationalist or Polish Democrat?
ANDREW KIER WISE AND PENNY MESSINGEr, Anna and Boris Reinstein and the Socialist Response to World War I
TOMASZ PUDŁOCKI, “Stranger in the Night”? A Canadian on the Czech-Polish Borderland During World War I: The Case of William John Rose
KUMRU TOKTAMIS, Yashar Khanum: The Woman for Whom the War Never Ended

III. BEYOND THE WAR YEARS
MICHAEL JUNG, Professors of the Technische Hochschule Hannover and the Great War: Attitudes and Their Political Impact Until the 1930s
IRYNA ORLEVYCH, The Talerhof Tragedy in the Intellectual Thought of Galician Russophiles in the Interwar Period

List of Contributors

For buying this item please go to Jagiellonian University Press website: https://www.wuj.pl/page,produkt,prodid,3261,strona,Intellectuals_and_World_War_I,katid,31.html

This book contains a dozen or more essays dealing with soldiers experience of the First World War in the Eastern Front, written by historians from Poland, Austria, Czech Republic and Romania.

For full version of this volume click here: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329907385_Doswiadczenia_zolnierskie_Wielkiej_Wojny_Studia_i_szkice_z_frontu_wschodniego_I_wojny_swiatowej_Soldiers_Experience_of_the_Great_War_Essays_on_Eastern_Front_of_the_First_World_War_edited_by_Michal_Bac

Content:
Jarosław Centek – "Bitwa pod Gorlicami, małe Verdun czy operacja tarnowsko-gorlicka. Regionalna polityka historyczna"
Piotr Szlanta – "Pierwszowojenny lans. Kajzer Wilhelm II na froncie galicyjskim w maju 1915 roku"
Kamil Ruszała – "Komitet Ratunkowy miasta Gorlic. Zarys działalności w świetle protokołów w 1915 roku"
Martin Drobňák – "Cmentarze wojenne z pierwszej wojny światowej w powiecie Bardejov"
Kamil Ruszała – "Organizacja ogólnego dnia grobów bohaterów w Austrii w 1917 i 1918 roku"
„Polegli na polu chwały” - wybrane materiały z wystawy (ze zbiorów Roberta Kozłowskiego)."

Content:
•    Jan Schubert, Wiedeński architekt Hans Mayr i jego twórczość w latach 1903-1914,
•    Agnieszka Partridge, Projekt nowego cmentarza ewangelickiego Hansa Mayra w Bielsku-Białej i jego echa w elementach galicyjskich cmentarzy wojennych okręgów Gorlice i Kraków,
•    Jerzy Pałosz, Cmentarze wojenne z I wojny światowej w północnej Małopolsce. Studium destrukcji przestrzeni pamięci,
•    Katarzyna Chrudzimska-Uhera, O dylematach Polaka, artysty, żołnierza. Jan Szczepkowski jako projektant cmentarzy I wojny w Galicji,
•    Jarosław Centek, 1. Dywizja Piechoty Gwardii w bitwie pod Gorlicami,
•    Andrzej Ćmiech, Zniszczenia Gorlic podczas Bitwy Gorlickiej i powojenna odbudowa
•    Marcin Mikulski, Austro-węgierskie fortyfikacje polowe w Galicji i Królestwie Kongresowym (1914 -1916)"

Land cadastre kept in the collections of the Central State Historical Archives of Ukraine in Lviv are an invaluable source for research on the Galician society during the first years of the Austrian rule. The immersity of the source as well as the effort required for its analysis caused the materials were not sufficiently used by historians. The article systematises the previously written literature on the subject and also aims at presenting the kind of information one can obtain from the analysis of the Josephinian Cadastre on the example of the town of Jasło, where despite the town status agriculture was dominant. The article sets out further possibilities of the sesearch based on the matherials and similar archives (Cadastre of Francis or cadastral register)

Three World War I Military Cemeteries in Jaslo. Summary.
Jaslo have three cemeteries in which dead soldiers are buried from the era of WW1 (1914 – 1918). Unfortunately, all of these soldiers are neglected. The three cemeteries are referred to as Cemetery number 22, Cemetery number 23 and Cemetery number 24.
Articles and other fundamental sources were used to compile this article. Material from State Archives in Cracow, Rzeszow, Przemysl, Regional Museum in Jaslo and the book Die Westgalizische Heldengraber were drawn upon.
The military cemetery located in Jaslo was designed by Johann Jäger (born in 1884 – date of death unknown) he is also the author of “cemetery in Jaslo District II”. Main timber was a stone, but also he projected simple wooden crosses with metal glory or with motif swords. The most interesting cemetery of his designer there are in Cieklin, Osobnica, Bierowka, Slawecin, Olpiny, Podzamcze, Sieklowka.
Cemetery number 22 in Jaslo (Ulaszowice Street) is located alongside parish cemetery, established in 1915. Today we could see old civil gravestones on this area. Originally, this war cemetery has a two piece that was separated by aforementioned civil gravestone. Soldiers from the Austro-Hungarian, Russian, German, Serbs army are buried here. Central element of architecture is monument with inscription and antique helmet (nowadays impair). Condition of this object is wrong. There are not any one cross, on this area is located shop and the worst - piece of cemetery is actually under the street.
Cemetery number 23 in Jaslo (Zielona Street) is located in parish old cemetery established in XVIII century. It was one of the largest cemeteries in West Galicia, with enormous number of buried soldiers; 1568 from Russian Army, 11 from Austro-Hungarian Army and 3 for German Army. Many graves were destroyed during the Second World War and only a few graves survived. Today, all the graves have been wiped out, however the cemetery still exists; soldiers have never been exhumed. Only stone cross with marble table, wooden cross and original inscription in chapel are a testament to war cemetery here.
Cemetery number 24 in Jaslo (Florianska Street) is located in Jewish cemetery established in XIX century. Likewise cemetery number 23 was destroyed during second world war and it is not possible to find where the graves of over 20 Jewish soldiers were buried. These Jewish graves were dispersal on the oldest part in this cemetery.
Condition this cemeteries are abysmal. It is caused from a many years ago. For example: after second world war elements of architecture cemetery number 22 was steal. In 70s Polish local authority tried to buy a new kindergarten in that area. Gradually cemeteries was damaged. Few years ago refurbished railing and cleansed monument at number 22, but did not about soldiers graves. In 2008 repaired wooden cross at number 23. This article is plea for interests out of condition military graves died during first world war in Jaslo.

From June 1st to 3rd, 2023, Jagiellonian University will host an international scientific conference titled "Commemoration and Heritage: First World War Memorials and Cemeteries." The conference aims to gather researchers from over 20 institutions representing various countries, including the United States, France, the United Kingdom, Belgium, Austria, Poland, Croatia, Slovenia, Serbia, Italy, Estonia, the Netherlands, Lithuania, Bulgaria, and the Czech Republic. The objective of the conference is to provide a platform for these scholars to present their research and insights on the heritage of the First World War and the commemorative practices for fallen soldiers in Europe.

The keynote lecture will be delivered by Professor Jay Winter from Yale University and Aaron J. Cohen from California State University, Sacramento.

The organization of this conference falls under the research group "Heritage of War 1914-1918," led by Principal Investigator and Research Group Coordinator Kamil Ruszała. The event is part of the Critical Heritage Studies Hub's Flagship Project, which receives funding from the Research University – Excellence Initiative.

This debate will feature key experts from various research centers in Europe. It will commence with a keynote lecture by Philipp Ther from the University of Vienna's RECET (Refugee Experience and Testimony) project. Ther will address past refugee crises and draw parallels with the present, specifically focusing on the displacement of people from Ukraine due to Russian aggression. Following the keynote lecture, three thematic panels will take place.

The first panel will explore flight and migration during both World Wars in Europe. The panelists include Piotr Szlanta from the University of Warsaw and the Polish Academy of Sciences – Scientific Centre in Vienna, Jochen Böhler from the Wiener Wiesenthal Institut für Holocaust-Studien, and Michal Frankl from the Czech Academy of Sciences. The panel will be moderated by Katarzyna Nowak from the Central European University.

The second panel will concentrate on Ukraine and the experiences of war refugees, encompassing both historical and contemporary perspectives. The panelists will include Kamil Ruszała from Jagiellonian University, Peter Ruggenthaler and Dieter Bacher from the Ludwig-Boltzmann-Institut für Kriegsfolgenforschung, and Malwina Talik from the Institut für den Donauraum und Mitteleuropa. The panel will be chaired by Christoph Augustynowicz from the University of Vienna.

The event will conclude with a roundtable discussion on projects documenting modern wars and the experiences of contemporary war refugees. The participants in this roundtable will be Katherine Younger from the Institut für die Wissenschaften vom Menschen, Sofia Dyak from the Lviv Centre for Urban History, Anne von Oswald from Minor – Projektkontor für Bildung und Forschung, and Kamil Ruszała from Jagiellonian University.

This conference is part of the R2R project funded by the Research University – Excellence Initiative as part of the research group "Humans in Motion: Refugees in Europe 1914–1923" (PI and research group coordinator: Kamil Ruszała, Jagiellonian University).

From June 29th to July 1st, 2022, the Institute of History at Jagiellonian University will host the international scientific conference titled "Humans in Motion: War Crisis and Refugees in Europe 1914–1923". This event will bring together academics from over a dozen countries, including Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, France, the Netherlands, Lithuania, Latvia, Germany, Norway, Poland, Slovenia, Turkey, the USA, Hungary, and the United Kingdom. They will present their research and reflections on war refugees in Europe more than a hundred years ago. The keynote address will be delivered by Prof. Peter Gatrell from the University of Manchester.

This conference is part of the R2R project, which is funded by the Research University – Excellence Initiative. It falls under the research group "Humans in Motion: Refugees in Europe 1914–1923" led by Dr. Kamil Ruszała from Jagiellonian University. The project is implemented in partnership with the Milko Kos Historical Institute, Research Center of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts. The research group comprises an interdisciplinary and international team of experts who focus on the issues of war refugees in Europe during the early 20th century. The aim is to engage, integrate, and stimulate debates among scientists affiliated with various research centers worldwide. By creating a platform for the exchange of thoughts in Krakow, the conference seeks to involve scholars at different levels, ranging from PhD students and PostDocs to experienced researchers. This endeavor showcases Jagiellonian University's role as a facilitator of international dialogue and debates on current issues through the lens of past experiences.

The research conducted by the group emphasizes that contemporary migration processes are not unprecedented for Europe and its inhabitants. Floating borders and people in motion have always been an integral but often forgotten part of the continent's history and heritage. The challenges faced by war refugees form an essential aspect of both academic discourse and social awareness. The experience of refugeedom teaches valuable lessons in humanitarianism, tolerance, understanding, and providing assistance with a rational approach from all parties involved. These lessons should be conveyed to a wider audience. Therefore, the objective of the conference is to explore and understand contemporary problems by examining past experiences. This approach serves to fulfill the educational function of historical narratives.

Organiser: Institute of History, Jagiellonian University; ZRC SAZU, Milko Kos Historical Institute
Venue: Jagiellonian University, Kraków; field trip to historical sites throughout Małopolska
Date: June 29 – July 1, 2022 (Wednesday–Friday)
Application deadline: February 1, 2022
Notification: February 15, 2022
Form of abstracts: electronic file (doc, docx, pdf), up to 300 words
Applications to be sent to: kamil.ruszala@uj.edu.pl (Kamil Ruszała); petra.svoljsak@zrc-sazu.si (Petra Svoljšak)
Working language: English