Bikrant Kesari

This research paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on the financial performance of Indian firms. The study examines the integration of social and environmental concerns in firms' business operations. It explores the effectiveness of the New Companies Act 2013 amendment regarding CSR. The primary objective is to determine the level of CSR disclosure and investigate the association between CSR and financial performance (FP) among India's top 15 CSR spending firms. The study utilizes data collected from annual reports of listed companies in the National Stock Exchange (NSE), Annual CSR reports, and the website www.CSRbox.in. Secondary data analysis uses SPSS, employing linear regression and correlation analysis techniques. The findings reveal a significant and very low positive relationship between CSR and key financial indicators, including return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE), and profit before tax (PBT), whe...

Online shopping in India has become the most dynamic business and has shown rapid growth in the past years. India has the greatest opportunity in online business to earn more profits and to contribute to the economy. During the last few years investment in online business has also increased very much whether it is online shopping site or online education basically in this covid-19 pandemic and even online business is mostly rising all over the world, but they are most focused in the Indian market as compared to other countries in the world. The COVID- 19 pandemic and the lockdown and social distancing mandates have disrupted the consumer habits of buying as well as shopping. Consumers are trying to learn and improvise new habits. The COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown have disrupted the consumer habits of consumer buying as well as shopping. Consumers are learning to improvise and learn new habits. Due to the need for a variety of respondents who have had previous experience with online shopping, a convinced sampling technique was chosen. The study has been undertaken concerning a sample size of 102 respondents. After collection of the data, the data was classified, tabulated, and coded. Necessary statistical tools such as Frequency Percentage Analysis, and correlation have been used to interpret the data and reliability has been also checked. The results of this study may be of great use to Academics, Businesses & Managerial functions to explore new methods tounderstand consumer behaviour.

Solar energy-agriculture Nexus can serve as a key platform for sustainable agricultural development. Different steps of agricultural value chains are energy intensive and they need the direct or indirect input of energy. Solar energy technology can play a significant role in agriculture in production, post harvest processing, cooling and storing etc. The study focuses on factors influencing the adoption of solar powered equipments in agriculture by the farmers. It also examines these influences with the aim of improving the adoption of solar energy system by farmers. The factors are identified from the extensive literature review by the researcher. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) has been used to analyze the 275 customer’s data, collected for the study. The study shows that financial, functional; social government initiation and relative advantages and ecological factors highly influence the adoption of solar powered equipment by farmers. This research provides greater insights about the factors affecting the adoption of solar powered equipment. The findings of the study will help the government and marketing managers in policy formulation for the expansion of solar energy market and improve the adoption of solar based equipment in agriculture by farmers.

Objective: The Behavioral bias is the term that deals with the investors’ psychology about their investment decision with their investment expertise. Every individual is biased, according to standard economic theory by his behavior and experiences which are rational. Methods: This research seeks to segregate mutual fund holders into various groups (persons and professionals) based on Behavioral biases and then investigates whether these Behavioral biases are influencing the level of knowledge of investors and the financial risk tolerance of certain mutual funds. Statistical tools compare investors characteristics and analyse how Behavioral biases are associated. Results: The factors analysed are financial circumstance, Type of Investors, Asset class preference, Time Horizon and Purpose of Investment. The primary information was gathered from 250 Central India mutual fund investors dependent on Judgment sampling. CFA, Correlation, MANOVA and Regression. Conclusions: Findings shows th...

Behavioural inclinations depict a replicable example in perceptual mutilation, mistaken judgment, unreasonable understanding, or what is extensively called mindlessness. This paper embraces an essential information way to deal with explore the impacts of behavioural predispositions due to Covid-19 on security market performance in India. The destinations are in twofold: one, to analyze the degree of behavioural predispositions among security market investors in India and, to look at the impacts of social inclinations on securities market in India. The paper utilized questionnaire as instrument and the strategy of correlation with Pearson Coefficient to examine a review of 150 haphazardly chose investors in India's security market. There is a solid proof that behavioural inclinations exists overwhelmingly due to COVID - 19 in the security market in light of the fact that a feeble negative relationship exists between social predispositions and securities exchange market in India. ...

The constant transformation has made the Indian hotel industry more functional and practical and has gained a level of acceptance world over. The standards of facilities and services offered have evolved over the last decade towards the extensive use of technology, environment friendly services, pricing, market segmentation, regional preferences, etc. The Indian hotel industry has seen a significant growth in room inventory across categories from upscale luxury to limited services and, boutique and budget hotels. The occupancy and the room rates have seen continued gains both from the domestic and the international traveler in both the business and leisure segment. This article discuss about the segmentation of hotel industry for providing better service to the customer in different class. This study empirically investigates the most important factor that is considered by the customer in selection of hotel for comfort accommodation. Sample of 39 tourists coming to Bhopal city for different purpose were selected randomly for the study, and it also focus on important dimension that attract the customer in choosing the best and appropriate hotel segment. The study concludes that customer make selection on the hotels by online website, suggestion of taxi driver and recommendation of some past costumer also influencing in selecting the hotel segment.

It is too difficult to measure the salesperson job Management experts have debated for decades that the most useful way to assess employee performance in today's businesses is mix of subjective and objective measures in the process of performance evaluation, whereas each having its strength & weakness. It is difficult to infer that which tool is appropriate to measure the performance, but ultimately the objective is to enrich the proficiency of sales & sales person. Performance evaluation not only helps in hiring more sales people but also help in allocating them more effectively to the various sales territory& improving sales person productivity through better calling patterns in terms of consumer & product line. This paper examines the impact of both objective & subjective measures of evaluation in the sales department through various methods of evaluation. There are several factorswhich describes the productivity of sales person in this study multiple estimation results lead ...

It is very necessary for the judgment on financial investment adopted by professional investors to be able to face behavioral biases by recognition of their own psychological traits as well as to take account of their own investment risk tolerance levels. In this research, a survey has been used to assess the association among personality traits, behavioral bias as well as investment risk toleration. The research paper dataset was shortlisted from individual investors who work or operate on capital/finance markets. Chi-square assessments and multivariate regression analysis evaluated the predictions established during the research. Depending on the hypothesis analysis, there was a positive relationship among investor’s behavioral traits as well as behavioral perceptions, as well as the personality characteristics of investment companies that impacted their tolerance levels to potential risk.

Today the retail business environment becomes more complex and unpredictable in nature. In this research article researchers try to discus on engagement of arts in creating values in retail sector organisations. As the art based methods are used in various organisational developments, so this paper focused on four processes proposed by Darso and Dawids (2002) in retail sector organisation, to identify how these methods innovatively works on retail customers and why these process are important for the retail organisation performance. We identifies that the retailers should have to focus on the use of arts based method such as decoration, entertainment, developing the high skilled employees and attractive retail environment, enables customer to see the retail store environment more differently which helps in improving the performance of retail sector organisations. Based on the review of earlier published literatures, the present study shows that the uses of arts in creating shopping ...

Impulse buying occurs when a consumer perceives an impulsive and persuasive stimulus to buy something immediately. The main objective of this study is to figure out the relationship between consumer trait and impulse buying. The studied constructs were refined and validated by exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Using SmartPLS 2.0 statistical software, responses from 267 consumers of central India in the proposed research framework were analysed and measured. Resulted findings for the constructs, impulse buying tendency, interpersonal influence, emotional attachment and materialism show significant positive relationship with impulsive buying, whereas, the construct shopping enjoyment tendency having significant relationship, showed negative effects. The study findings also support the past research efforts in this field by validating through the results, especially by considering the significant relationship between consumer traits and impulse buying for th...

Objective: The key objective of the paper is to study the magnitude of the disparity in actions between stock holders for short-term and long-term. Methods: Investor traits and how the judgement on investments and behavioral bias are interconnected are contrasted by using a systemic model, as well as to compare relative behavioral bias variations including Framing Bias, Endowment Bias, Representative Bias, Cognitive Dissonance Bias, Self-Control Bias and Overconfidence Bias. Distinguishing evidence of behavioral characteristics that are normally related to investment venture helps to provide assessments and confine trading techniques. Results: Between July 2020 and August 2020, the cognitive effect of investor decision-making is contrasted via test review of 300 substantive responders from deliberate Indian stock market investors. Taking into account the structural equation modelling (SEM), a route study is carried out of the manner in which stock investment and proposed behavioral ...

The study discusses the issue of rising needs of cross-cultural management in the organization due toincrease in immigration and globalization of multicultural corporations. Rapid expansions of business, growing competition, and technologies are themajor reasons of globalization and multicultural business environment conditions. This paper intend to diagnoses the effect of cross-cultural management & make preventive measures to solve the problems arise due to culture, ethics, laws, customs, socioeconomic system and management system, for the above purpose number of literature has been reviewed to find out the appropriate solution of cross-cultural problem. The result suggests that through creative motivation, efficient knowledge management, effective human resources management and bicultural expertise can establish operative cultural management in multinational corporations. This paper links the imperative cross-cultural barriers in verbal language, traditions, values, believes and ...

The current research aimed to investigate the effect of intrinsic and extrinsic factor on employee work motivation in both private and public sector organization. The present article covers 42 literature reviews to find out employee's motivational practice in the organization however the researcher tries to identify the link between employee job characteristics and management practice through intrinsic & extrinsic motivational factors. The study based on (n=103) employees from private & public sector to test the hypothesis by using analysis of variance (Chi-square test) to identify the difference between these two factors. Analysis show that the two factors significantly influence in work effort level whereas the extrinsic factors, job security & adequate salary are more essential in private sector and intrinsic factor like opportunities, promotions, work independence & pay according to ability & competence are vital in public sector jobs.

Today Retailers recognize that by enhancing customer satisfaction and retail performance helps them in creating & retaining customer towards retail purchase. In India initially retail is un-organized and now it is growing as organized sector like supermarket, hypermarket & malls. The study is based on previous research on retail sector to examine the important out comes connected with customer purchase behavior, customer attitude and preference towards organized retail sector and how customer behaves at the time of product purchase which help retail stores to create and retain customers. This paper provide an overview of Indian consumer behavior on specific elements like pre-purchase behavior, experience, information processing, involvement, choices and business practice like retail space, wider availability of products, brand communication and retail environment plays an important role to capture target customers for both organized and unorganized retail sector in India to improve ...

Unemployment is one of the most important challenges facing the poor people in our country. This has been made worse by the fact that over the last two decades, the formal economy has been shedding jobs and many workers were retrenched and it is accepted worldwide that the development and growth of small, microenterprises can play an important role in turning this situation around. The present article deals with microenterprises and their role in economic growth and employment generation in the Indian context. This article discusses about the programmes aiming not only development but also take care of livelihood sustainment. This paper analysis the work of promotional institutions for income generating activity and gives the most effective and desirable economic development strategy for many rural communities in small entrepreneurship development based on locally owned and owner operated small businesses, however, entrepreneurship stands as a vehicle to improve the quality of life for rural families and communities to promote healthy economy environment.

In the recent years the training has become a major aspect for developing industry as every organization needs to have, well skilled, trained and qualified employees to perform the activities. The aim of the study is to focus on employee train ing and development in the fastest altering environ ment. The research reveals that a planned training programme returns values to the organization in terms of delicate morale, improved productivity, reduced costs and greater organizational firmness. The study tries to identify the learning process of employee in training programmes and transforming these in to development activities to execute the job in a better way. The research analysis based on 96 respondents of IIPM Institute (Indian’s leading B -School in delivering Management related courses). The study reveals some important factors like job enrich ment, skill develop ment and performance assessment are playing v ital role in executing the training programmes in the organizat ion apar...

Today retail in not a new word for Indian customer, however the rising retail formats are changing the entire image as well as creating tough issues and challenges in front of Indian retailers. They are now designing and modifying their retail format having variety of retail products with several services for untouched segment of the rural market. In this paper, researcher examines the retail prospects in the development of rural market and share the challenges faced by the retailer for capturing rural market. This review paper attempts to provide a brief literature on rural marketing and finally offers policy recommendations for better performance of rural markets and to observe the potentiality of Indian Rural Markets This study is also an attempt to find that how to explore the potential of rural retail market of India, accessing their needs for products, brands and finding out various problems are being faced by rural markets. Further, this paper explores how retail companies ha...

India’s steel sector has experienced high employee turnover in the last couple of years due to the complex business environment, such as market competition, technology up-gradation, changes in business process, and management practices. This study is first of its kind in Indian literature to address the influence of employee morale on turnover intention in the context of the Indian steel industry. The study uses statistical software packages such as SmartPLS 2.0 and IBM SPSS 20 to analyze and validate the conceptual framework. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) were used to evaluate the model with a sample size of 386 male employees of steel firms in Chhattisgarh state, the central part of India. The study makes a twofold contribution. First, it explores the influential morale factors that explain employee turnover and measure the extent of its influence on employee turnover intention. Second, it suggests that steel firms should support their ...

Purpose With the growing acceptance of organised retail in Central India, it is important to understand the impulse buying phenomenon and how it is influenced by consumer traits and situational factors. The purpose of this paper is to examine the combined effect of three consumer traits and four situational factors on impulsive buying. Design/methodology/approach Using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling (SmartPLS 2.0 software), responses from 417 hypermarket and supermarket consumers of Central India in the proposed research framework were analysed and validated. Findings The resulted values for the construct impulse buying tendency, shopping enjoyment tendency, materialism, person’s situation, motivational activities by retailers and product attributes show positive significant influences, whereas the construct store environment having relationship with impulse buying shows negative influence. Importantly, the findings also demonstrate that the gender mo...

This study is first of its kind to investigate the influence of leadership style on employee trust, employee morale and employee emotion in the context of steel industry. This set of three employee outcomes is studied in a conceptual framework comprising of a seven-month study, with a sample of 272 workers of steel firms in Chhattisgarh state, the central part of India. SmartPLS 2.0 is used to perform confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling to analyse and validate the conceptual framework. The study makes a twofold contribution. First, it finds that transactional leadership style has a negative influence on employee outcomes. Second, it suggests that managers of steel firms use transformational leadership style to enhance employee outcomes. This study reveals that the outcome of a steel firm’s employee is aligned better with transformational leadership style, rather than the transactional leadership style.

Background and Introduction The theme of financial investment is of grave concern as the probability of psychological bias and the existence of huge financial risk. In financial investment,decision making is very important for individual investors to be conscious withtheir personality traits and financial risk tolerances due to the chance of occurrenceof psychological biases. Objectives We intended to conduct a systematic review of the concepts related to psychological biases and financial risk tolerance of mutual fund investors residing in India and abroad by reviewing previous researches. Further, to identify the most commonly occurring biasesand also to find research gaps on this topic. Methodology /Design The literature review wasperformed by retrievingthepreviously published data from the year 1973-2018 period of time.Theliterature selection criteria were based on keywords like Psychological bias, Cognitive bias, Emotional biases, Availability bias, Cognitive-Dissonance bias, Confirmation Bias, Conservatism bias, Framing bias, Representativeness bias and financial risk tolerance of the mutual fund investors. The review also emphasized the details of the list of journals, countries of research conductance, conceptual and empirical researches over the period of time on behavioral bias and financial risk tolerance. Results The literature survey resulted in 9 studies (>100 respondents), 45 journals, and 12 countries with empirical researches, 48 studies comprising conceptual (38) and empirical (10) researches that covered the topic over the stipulated period. Study Findings Most of the literature review on behavioral bias shows the limited research in developingeconomies, the ascendency of secondary source data of empirical research, and lack of empirical research on individuals displaying group behavior. The reviews of studies indicate a significant correlation between the psychological biases and personality traits of the investors and affected their financial risk tolerances. Conclusions Our systematic analysis of psychological bias and risk tolerance significantly covered the research published during the period of time from 1973-2018. The data will be of great value to the researchers, academics, and professionals working in the field of finance in understanding the impact of psychological biases on financial risk tolerance. Further, more detailed studies are required to determine the prevalence of different cognitive biases and personality traits and their potential impact on mutual fund investors.

Shodh Sankalp Education and Research (SSER), Dhanbad Jharkhand, India is organized 1st Virtual conference on dated 23rd to 24th January 2021.  The subject matter of interdisciplinary research. Where the disciplinary study represents the depth of study interdisciplinary approach has a broader view. The deeper perspective of the disciplines may need to be balanced with and measured against the broader perspectives of Interdisciplinary. The interdisciplinary approach disrupts the habitual narrowness or outlook of within discipline knowledge work.

Background of Study Explain the psychological aspects of making financial decisions and make the decision to invest in investors. In general, the investor is treated through reasonable or reasonable decisions and influences that are performed by various financial practices. Influence the investor ' s argument when deciding on the subject, of this study. The purpose is to play a vital role in decision making and to actually be the object of this research. Research has been conducted to assess the risk of financial tolerance of investors and the impact of behavior bias on their decision making. The design of this letter/letter is not the same. Methodology/ Methodology A survey questionnaire, pilot data, and verification (S...) This feature is sampled to select investors from the Bombay Stock Exchange. All total 400 questions were distributed, of which 70% were 283 returns, feedback rates. A simple registered analysis of the use of SPS 23.00 was estimated. Conclusion: Research concludes that Albizu's behavior has a positive link to investment decisions. It also shows that the media has a link between the risks. Originality / Originality Price: The behavior of the investor is distorted by rational or rational decision making and is influenced by biased behavior. This bias affects the investor's argument. Its range/future research guidelines: limited sample size, less advanced analytical equipment use, less generality and some limitations on current research on behavioral bias. For future research, design research is needed in a sense with advanced analytical technology and achieve more robust and robust results.

It is very necessary for the judgment on financial investment adopted by professional investors to be able to face behavioral biases by recognition of their own psychological traits as well as to take account of their own investment risk tolerance levels. In this research, a survey has been used to assess the association among personality traits, behavioral bias as well as investment risk toleration. The research paper dataset was shortlisted from individual investors who work or operate on capital/finance markets. Chi-square assessments and multivariate regression analysis evaluated the predictions established during the research. Depending on the hypothesis analysis, there was a positive relationship among investor's behavioral traits as well as behavioral perceptions, as well as the personality characteristics of investment companies that impacted their tolerance levels to potential risk.

Solar energy is an important alternate source of energy which can able to replace the grid based energy system especially in rural areas. But unfortunately the diffusion of solar energy system is very low among rural households. The purpose of the paper is to find the key factors affecting the willingness of the rural households to adoption of the solar lighting system. A survey of 462 households has been done in different districts of Jharkhand. Nine hypotheses have been formulated on the basis of literature study. A binary logistic regression model has been structured to test the data by SPSS software package. The result of the study shows that more than70 percent household are willing to adopt the solar lighting system but facing the hindrances of high initial cost, lack of awareness and availability of easy credit policy. However the strong government commitment and improvement in the quality of life are the important motivational factors. Availability of traditional source of energy and durability of the product has not significance impact on the willingness of the rural households. The finding of the study will help in increase the diffusion of the solar lighting system among rural households.

Today the retail business environment becomes more complex and unpredictable in nature. In this research article researchers try to discus on engagement of arts in creating values in retail sector organisations. As the art based methods are used in various organisational developments, so this paper focused on four processes proposed by Darso and Dawids (2002) in retail sector organisation, to identify how these methods innovatively works on retail customers and why these process are important for the retail organisation performance. We identifies that the retailers should have to focus on the use of arts based method such as decoration, entertainment, developing the high skilled employees and attractive retail environment, enables customer to see the retail store environment more differently which helps in improving the performance of retail sector organisations. Based on the review of earlier published literatures, the present study shows that the uses of arts in creating shopping values more innovative, effectively and efficiently in retail sector organisations, have become a key to develop the effective business strategy to get competitive advantages over others.

Steel sector is in tremendous growth in the state of Chhattisgarh, with the sustainable development and progressive policies of Government this sector is able to retain and handle their employees and workers satisfactorily. The paper focuses on the “Exploring the developmental potential of steel industries in the state of Chhattisgarh”. Within the consideration of Chhattisgarh state various reports published in the area of iron and steel industries based on that reports researcher given some suggestion to formulate such policies so that we can feed the world with the cheapest steel which we have, the capacity.

The current research aimed to investigate the effect of intrinsic and extrinsic factor on employee work motivation in both private and public sector organization. The present article covers 42 literature reviews to find out employee’s motivational practice in the organization however the researcher tries to identify the link between employee job characteristics and management practice through intrinsic & extrinsic motivational factors.  The study based on (n=103) employees from private & public sector to test the hypothesis by using analysis of variance (Chisquare test) to identify the difference between these two factors . Analysis show that the two factors significantly influence in work effort level whereas the extrinsic factors, job security & adequate salary are more essential in private sector and intrinsic factor like opportunities, promotions, work independence & pay according to ability & competence are vital in public sector jobs.

The current research aimed to investigate the effect of intrinsic and extrinsic factor on employee work motivation in both private and public sector organization. The present article covers 42 literature reviews to find out employee’s motivational practice in the organization however the researcher tries to identify the link between employee job characteristics and management practice through intrinsic & extrinsic motivational factors.  The study based on (n=103) employees from private & public sector to test the hypothesis by using analysis of variance (Chisquare test) to identify the difference between these two factors . Analysis show that the two factors significantly influence in work effort level whereas the extrinsic factors, job security & adequate salary are more essential in private sector and intrinsic factor like opportunities, promotions, work independence & pay according to ability & competence are vital in public sector jobs.

Today Retailers recognize that by enhancing customer satisfaction and retail performance helps them in creating & retaining customer towards retail purchase. In India initially retail is unorganized and now it is growing as organized sector like supermarket, hypermarket & malls. The study is based on previous research on retail sector to examine the important out comes connected with customer purchase behavior, customer attitude and preference towards organized retail sector and how customer behaves at the time of product purchase which help retail stores to create and retain customers. This paper provide an overview of Indian consumer behavior on specific elements like pre-purchase behavior, experience, information processing, involvement, choices and business practice like retail space, wider availability of products, brand communication and retail environment plays an important role to capture target customers for both organized and unorganized retail sector in India to improve the retailing effectiveness and attract prosperous customers.

The study discusses the issue of rising needs of cross-cultural management in the organization due toincrease in immigration and globalization of multicultural corporations. Rapid expansions of business, growing competition, and technologies are themajor reasons of globalization and multicultural business environment conditions. This paper intend to  diagnoses the effect of cross-cultural management & make preventive measures to solve the problems arise due to culture, ethics, laws, customs, socioeconomic system and management system, for the above purpose number of  literature has been reviewed to find out the appropriate solution of cross-cultural problem. The result suggests that through creative motivation, efficient knowledge management, effective human resources management and bicultural expertise can establish operative cultural management in multinational corporations. This paper links the imperative cross-cultural barriers in verbal language, traditions, values, believes and social rules which provides an alternative approach to motivate employees to be more creative.

Retailing in India came with evolutionary patterns from kirana store to super market. Initially it was un-organized, and after that it is carried forward and now it is growing organized sector such as supermarket, hypermarket, malls etc. The paper tries to find out the preference of the customer towards organized retail sector and how customer behaves at the time of product purchase. On the basis of research review of existing literature researcher shows that the availability of quality, retail space, wider availability of products and brand communication are some of the factors that are driving the organized retail in Indian will directly or indirectly affect the preference of the customer. This study shows that some of the specific elements like product information, customer involvement, atmosphere, customer attributions and choices play important roles during various stages of the customer decision process. So customer are now showing preference for shopping malls, enable them to shop variety of products under one roof with shopping experience in term of ambience and entertainment.

It is too difficult to measure the salesperson job Management experts have debated for decades that the most useful way to assess employee performance in today's businesses is mix of subjective and objective measures in the process of performance evaluation, whereas each having its strength & weakness. It is difficult to infer that which tool is appropriate to measure the performance, but ultimately the objective is to enrich the proficiency of sales & sales person. Performance evaluation not only helps in hiring more sales people but also help in allocating them more effectively to the various sales territory& improving sales person productivity through better calling patterns in terms of consumer & product line. This paper examines the impact of both objective & subjective measures of evaluation in the sales department through various methods of evaluation. There are several factors which describes the productivity of sales person in this study multiple estimation results lead to an improved understanding of the phenomenon being studied and a model has been developed based on behavioural dimension which will support for evaluation

Pharmacovigilance, defined by the World Health Organization as ‘the science and series of activities relating to the detection, evaluation, understanding and avoidance of adverse effects or any other drug-related problem’ plays an important role in ensuring that patients be given safe drugs. The knowledge of a drug’s Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) can be augmented by various means such database studies, intensive monitoring, spontaneous reporting, and other new processes at dictatorial and a scientific level are being developed with the intention of escalation pharmacovigilance. On dictatorial level, these include risk management plans and conditional approval and on scientific level, increased patient involvement and transparency are two vital elements. The main objective of review is to unfold various aspects of pharmacovigilance including new methodological developments.

In the recent years the training has become a major aspect for developing industry as every organization needs to have, well skilled, trained and qualified employees to perform the activities. The aim of the study is to focus on employee training and development in the fastest altering environment. The research reveals that a planned training programme returns values to the organization in terms of delicate morale, improved productivity, reduced costs and greater organizational firmness. The study tries to identify the learning process of employee in training programmes and transforming these in to development activities to execute the job in a better way. The research analysis based on 96 respondents of IIPM Institute (Indian’s leading B-School in delivering Management related courses). The study reveals some important factors like job enrichment, skill development and performance assessment are playing vital role in executing the training programmes in the organization apart from this the study also focus on some factors to develop the trainees and training programmes in the organization.

The constant transformation has made the Indian hotel industry more functional and practical and has gained a level of acceptance world over. The standards of facilities and services offered have evolved over the last decade towards the extensive use of technology, environment friendly services, pricing, market segmentation, regional preferences, etc. The Indian hotel industry has seen a significant growth in room inventory across categories from upscale luxury to limited services and, boutique and budget hotels. The occupancy and the room rates have seen continued gains both from the domestic and the international traveler in both the business and leisure segment. This article discuss about the segmentation of hotel industry for providing better service to the customer in different class. This study empirically investigates the most important factor that is considered by the customer in selection of hotel for comfort accommodation. Sample of 39 tourists coming to Bhopal city for different purpose were selected randomly for the study, and it also focus on important dimension that attract the customer in choosing the best and appropriate hotel segment. The study concludes that customer make selection on the hotels by online website, suggestion of taxi driver and recommendation of some past costumer also influencing in selecting the hotel segment.

Micro enterprise forms an integral part of the structure of Indian economy. In a country like ours, with chronic mass poverty, widely prevalent unemployment, subsistence production, nqrrow markets and absence of large-scale application of scientffic ond technological advancement, the scope for great importance. In our setting, with an over crowded agriculture sector and plenty of monpoer, the development of an effective decentralised sector in micro enterprise unit in rural oreos with a close relationship to agriculture and large-scale industry, is absolutely essential. The importance of this sector lies in the fact that it provides large scale employment with immedicate effect and brings about o more equitable income distribution, and thereby ffictively helps in combating the twin problems of proverty and unemployment. The scope of the study is.limited to southern districts of Orissa, i.e. Ganjam, Gajapati, Koraput, Malkangiri, Rayagada, Nawqrangpur, Boudh and Kandhma. Two hundred number of micro enterprise were taken for in-depth study which give a holistic picture of NGOS and Govt. role in establish micro enterprise.

In today's competitive business environment, the success of an organisation depends on its ability to create brand loyalty among customers. This can occur only when the customers develop deep emotional attachment with brands. To create emotional attachment, marketers must understand controllable antecedents of emotional attachment in developing brand identity. While there is a huge research on brand loyalty and its antecedents, little has been done to examine the relationship between these emotional attachment antecedents to brand and brand loyalty in consumers. Going through the various literature reviews, this paper identifies four primary antecedents (e.g. perceived quality, value, satisfaction and differentiation) of emotional attachment create trust towards particular brands in predicting brand loyalty. The results show that consumers are significantly more loyal to a focused brand that creates trust. The study offers several theoretical implications. First, this research confirms the presence of trust on brand is due to emotional attachment antecedents. Second, the research suggests that the brand loyalty can be integrated with emotional attachment perspectives.

Purpose: Human Resource (HR) analytics that can effectively and efficiently evaluate data related to people for improved decision-making and gradually gaining momentum in HR management. Talent Acquisition (TA) is a strategic process used by HR to analyze long-term talent needs in the context of business goals. Therefore, HR analytics performs data analysis to make appropriate decisions and identify talent. The purpose of the study is to understand the potential of HR analytics and Talent Acquisition through existing literature. Methodology: A total of 50 articles related to HR analytics and talent acquisition were collected from 2011 to 2022 from the Scopus database. Review to identify the challenges and opportunities in both HR analytics and Talent acquisition for getting a competitive edge in the HR ecosystem. Findings: The study systematically reviews existing literature on HR analytics and talent acquisition. Understanding the importance of HR analytics on talent acquisition and promoting better career growth for HR professionals. It was found that HR analytics and talent acquisition lead to making efficiency and effectiveness, organizational performance, and drive to the talent acquisition strategy. Implication: Organizations have the chance to strengthen their company while achieving measurable business outcomes and analytics capabilities through talent acquisition. In organizations, the paper guides HR managers on utilising talent acquisition through HR analytics. HRA offers a method to produce analytics findings supported by evidence to enhance operational efficiency and people-related data, and ultimately influence the business strategy.