- Working Address: Dean, School of Business, Uttara University, NZ Center, House 5, Road 12, Sector 6, Uttara, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh.
Postal Address: Sheltech Marinas, Flat 2A, House 23, Road 16, Sector 4, Uttara, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh. - 8801716370643
Dr. Nazrul Islam
Northern University Bangladesh, Business Administration, Department Member
The success of public enterprise largely depends on the efficiency and effectiveness of its operations. Government industrial policies and capability of monitoring the activities as well as the initiative of the managerial people are... more
The success of public enterprise largely depends on the efficiency and effectiveness of its operations. Government industrial policies and capability of monitoring the activities as well as the initiative of the managerial people are important in this regard. This paper aims at evaluating the managerial performance of Khulna Newsprint Mills. Ltd which is the only Newsprint mill in the country. For analyzing the performance since 1982-1992, some indicators have been used like production and productivity, value added, capacity utilization, profit and profitability, surplus generation, etc. Beyond some exceptions, the analysis indicates upward trends. But the mill is incurring losses due to the fixation of selling price of Newsprint by the Government at lower than its actual cost of production. The present selling price of Newsprint is Tk.19,880 per metric ton whereas the cost of production is Tk. 24600 per metric ton. As a result, the mill incurred losses of Tk.14.95 crore in the year of 1992-1993. The accumulated loss is Tk. 1.70 crores. This has created a major liquidity gap in the working capital and reserve of the mill. The study also reveals that the present financial and other crisis may be overcome through the re fixation of selling price of Newsprint ensuring the continuous supply of Gewa wood, and taking a major initiative for modernization of the machines by the Government.
Many of us are confused of what Islam says of the concept of insurance. They hold an opinion that there is no place of Insurance in Islam. For that matter, an attempt has been made to dispel the confusion.This paper examines the existing... more
Many of us are confused of what Islam says of the concept of insurance.
They hold an opinion that there is no place of Insurance in Islam. For that matter, an attempt has been made to dispel the confusion.This paper examines the existing concepts of insurance as well as position of insurance in Islam. It also makes an attempt to make it clear that Islam is not against insurance. It has been observed from the study that there
are hundreds of thousands of arguments in favor of insurance in Islam. In this study, origin of Insurance concept and arguments in favor of insurance in Islam are discussed. It is only a humble attempt to highlight the original concept as well as favorable arguments of insurance of Islam.
They hold an opinion that there is no place of Insurance in Islam. For that matter, an attempt has been made to dispel the confusion.This paper examines the existing concepts of insurance as well as position of insurance in Islam. It also makes an attempt to make it clear that Islam is not against insurance. It has been observed from the study that there
are hundreds of thousands of arguments in favor of insurance in Islam. In this study, origin of Insurance concept and arguments in favor of insurance in Islam are discussed. It is only a humble attempt to highlight the original concept as well as favorable arguments of insurance of Islam.
This paper aims at identifying Microfinance Institutions' deposit mobilization issues from the perspectives of the clients-the members of the MFIs. It looks into the different aspects of field level experience and practice of the NGO-MFIs... more
This paper aims at identifying Microfinance Institutions' deposit mobilization issues from the perspectives of the clients-the members of the MFIs. It looks into the different aspects of field level experience and practice of the NGO-MFIs working in Bangladesh. To identify the clients' perspective on deposit mobilization by MFIs, this paper presents findings from a study, which was conducted for Microcredit Regulatory Authority and represents sample survey of 450 members of different NGO-MFIs working in the 4 divisions namely Dhaka, Chittagong, Rajshahi, and Khulna. A structured questionnaire was used to conduct the survey which was developed through literature review and finalized through pilot survey. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Descriptive statistics such as tables, simple percentage, correlations etc. were used to describe the situation. Results show that MFIs are filling the gaps of the financial services required by vast majority of relatively poor people having no access to the banking system, and thus working as a complementary segment of overall financial system of the country with demands for more services to render. One of the major demands registered is the access to more flexible system of deposit by the rural people besides their demand for greater volume of credit flow, that still remain only partially fulfilled.
This paper attempts to identify the empowerment factors of rural women through homestead poultry rearing in Bangladesh. To identify the empowerment factors, 75 rural women involved in poultry rearing practices were interviewed with a... more
This paper attempts to identify the empowerment factors of rural women through homestead poultry rearing in Bangladesh. To identify the empowerment factors, 75 rural women involved in poultry rearing practices were interviewed with a structured questionnaire. Factor analysis has been performed to identify the empowerment factors. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify the relationships between the empowerment factors and the overall empowerment of the rural women. Results show that the homestead poultry rearing practice empowers rural women through decreased husband's influence on wives, increased independence for spending money, increased self-decision making authority, increased involvement in family affairs, increased control over the poultry business and increased importance in the family. The results also show that there is a significant relationship between the empowerment factors and the overall empowerment of rural women. This study suggests that the higher the level of self-decision making authority and increased involvement in family affairs, the higher the level of empowerment will likely be.
The growth of online shopping is increasing at a rapid rate in Malaysia by replacing traditional store shopping habit of the substantial number of consumers. The purpose of the research is to investigate the factors that are influencing... more
The growth of online shopping is increasing at a rapid rate in Malaysia by replacing traditional store shopping habit of the substantial number of consumers. The purpose of the research is to investigate the factors that are influencing consumer’s online shopping intention in Malaysia. This research proposes a research framework on online shopping by refereeing various influential factors which are antecedents of online shopping in Malaysia. The framework of this study was based on the constructs
generated from Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). In total 250 valid respondent’s
response were gathered through self-administered survey. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and multiple regression analysis were employed to identify the factors that are influencing online shopping under Malaysian context. From the statistical results it was discovered that perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEOU) have positive influenced on online shopping in Malaysia. It is expected that result from this study can help online vendors to draw the further strategy to attract more consumers through online shopping under Malaysian context.
generated from Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). In total 250 valid respondent’s
response were gathered through self-administered survey. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and multiple regression analysis were employed to identify the factors that are influencing online shopping under Malaysian context. From the statistical results it was discovered that perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEOU) have positive influenced on online shopping in Malaysia. It is expected that result from this study can help online vendors to draw the further strategy to attract more consumers through online shopping under Malaysian context.
This paper develops a conceptual framework of technological change and its impact on textile and garment workers in developing countries based on an extensive literature review. It proposes human resource development (HRD) strategies for... more
This paper develops a conceptual framework of technological change and its impact on textile and garment workers in developing countries based on an extensive literature review. It proposes human resource development (HRD) strategies for adapting the change efficiently so that the negative impact of technological change is minimized. Technological change increases job insecurity, job dissatisfaction and deteriorates work relations in the company. It eliminates lower skilled jobs from the company by bringing new and advanced machines. These, in turn, have impact on the overall socioeconomic situation of workers, which is a defined in socioeconomic term. It includes economic factors such as income, and social concerns such as family or status. The level of impact of technological change depends on the change management process that includes human resource planning, work reorganization , training and development, worker participation, and information sharing. These programs act as mediating factors. The higher level of efficacy of the change management process results in a less negative impact on workers. Thus, technology alone does not determine the acceptance or rejection of the change, but it efficacy is determined by how it is managed.
Workers’ engagement refers to the organizational conditions where all the members of an organization are committed to their organization’s goals and values, motivated to contribute to organizational success with an enhanced sense of their... more
Workers’ engagement refers to the organizational conditions where all the members of an organization are committed to their organization’s goals and values, motivated to contribute to organizational success with an enhanced sense of their own well-being (Little & Little, 2006).Positive engagement is expected by any organization because it makes workers well connected with their jobs, loyal, and increase willing to put extra effort to do their jobs just to accomplish their goals in the company. Ready-made garment (RMG) industry of Bangladesh is
the main earner of foreign currency that consists of more than 75% of the country’s export earnings. But the workers of this industry are often found un-engaged at their work due to the ill behavior of their supervisors, poor working conditions, lack of organization incentives, and the
absence of motivational policies of the companies. Hence, this study aims at identifying the workers’ engagement factors of RMG industry of Bangladesh.This study interviewed 319 RMG workers from ten leading garment companies. Descriptive and inferential statistical techniques
were used to analyze the data. Results show that the RMG workers engagement factors are: feeling the company as a great company, feeling proud and recommend others, access to learning and good career opportunity, knowing the development of the company, quality supervision and recognition for good jobs done, and manager cares the workers.This study suggests that the RMG policymakers should focus more on the supervision styles of the managers and appreciating policy of the companies that can help improving the engagement level of the workers in this industry of Bangladesh.
the main earner of foreign currency that consists of more than 75% of the country’s export earnings. But the workers of this industry are often found un-engaged at their work due to the ill behavior of their supervisors, poor working conditions, lack of organization incentives, and the
absence of motivational policies of the companies. Hence, this study aims at identifying the workers’ engagement factors of RMG industry of Bangladesh.This study interviewed 319 RMG workers from ten leading garment companies. Descriptive and inferential statistical techniques
were used to analyze the data. Results show that the RMG workers engagement factors are: feeling the company as a great company, feeling proud and recommend others, access to learning and good career opportunity, knowing the development of the company, quality supervision and recognition for good jobs done, and manager cares the workers.This study suggests that the RMG policymakers should focus more on the supervision styles of the managers and appreciating policy of the companies that can help improving the engagement level of the workers in this industry of Bangladesh.
In recent years, a good number of women entrepreneurs of Bangladesh are doing their businesses online. The reasons can be attributed by the development of IT infrastructure and the internet support facilities in the country. The number of... more
In recent years, a good number of women entrepreneurs of Bangladesh are doing their businesses online. The reasons can be attributed by the development of IT infrastructure and the internet support facilities in the country. The number of internet subscribers in Bangladesh is 86 million out of 170 million people of Bangladesh which is more than 50% of the total population. The rate of tele-density in Bangladesh is 91%. With the
use of modern information technology and ease of internet, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) have made its way in online business which is expanding the e-commerce business of the country. It is popularly opined that the online business is the business of women entrepreneurs in Bangladesh. Studies show that the majority of the owners of these online
SMEs are women and the number is continuously increasing in this sector. Hence, this paper aims at identifying the factors that led to the development of online women entrepreneurship in Bangladesh. A survey was conducted among 200 online women entrepreneurs of Bangladesh who are primarily involved in clothing, beauty care products, fashion and
accessories and musical instruments businesses. Factor analysis was conducted to identify the factors related to the development of online women entrepreneurs in Bangladesh. Regression analysis was carried out to examine the impact of influencing factors on the overall development of online women entrepreneurs in Bangladesh. Results show that the factors
concerned with the expansion of online women entrepreneurship in Bangladesh are government incentives, business experience of the entrepreneurs, market demand, management capability of the entrepreneur, tax and other government charges for doing online business, tastes and preferences of the people of the country, support from husband and family members of the women entrepreneurs. If the policymakers can address these factors, the development of online women entrepreneurship in Bangladesh will be excelled.
use of modern information technology and ease of internet, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) have made its way in online business which is expanding the e-commerce business of the country. It is popularly opined that the online business is the business of women entrepreneurs in Bangladesh. Studies show that the majority of the owners of these online
SMEs are women and the number is continuously increasing in this sector. Hence, this paper aims at identifying the factors that led to the development of online women entrepreneurship in Bangladesh. A survey was conducted among 200 online women entrepreneurs of Bangladesh who are primarily involved in clothing, beauty care products, fashion and
accessories and musical instruments businesses. Factor analysis was conducted to identify the factors related to the development of online women entrepreneurs in Bangladesh. Regression analysis was carried out to examine the impact of influencing factors on the overall development of online women entrepreneurs in Bangladesh. Results show that the factors
concerned with the expansion of online women entrepreneurship in Bangladesh are government incentives, business experience of the entrepreneurs, market demand, management capability of the entrepreneur, tax and other government charges for doing online business, tastes and preferences of the people of the country, support from husband and family members of the women entrepreneurs. If the policymakers can address these factors, the development of online women entrepreneurship in Bangladesh will be excelled.
In Bangladesh, micro credit programs have positive socioeconomic impact on the rural women borrowers. However, it is perceived that the micro credit programs help the rural women borrowers to survive only and do not help them to develop... more
In Bangladesh, micro credit programs have positive socioeconomic impact on the rural women borrowers. However, it is perceived that the micro credit programs help the rural women borrowers to survive only and do not help them to develop entrepreneurial capabilities. Hence, this paper aims at identifying the factors related to the development of entrepreneurship among the rural women borrowers through micro credit programs. A multivariate analysis technique like Factor Analysis was conducted to identify the entrepreneurship development related factors.
Structural equation modeling was used to develop a model of micro credit program and the development of rural women entrepreneurship in Bangladesh. Results show that the financial management skills and the group identity of the women borrowers have significant relationship with the development of rural women entrepreneurship in Bangladesh. The experience from the parent’s family of the borrowers and the option limit may also lead to the rural women borrowers to be entrepreneurial.
Structural equation modeling was used to develop a model of micro credit program and the development of rural women entrepreneurship in Bangladesh. Results show that the financial management skills and the group identity of the women borrowers have significant relationship with the development of rural women entrepreneurship in Bangladesh. The experience from the parent’s family of the borrowers and the option limit may also lead to the rural women borrowers to be entrepreneurial.
There is a high potentials of food processing industry in Bangladesh which is primarily derived from the agriculture sector of the country. Food processing industry is divided into two segments such as, production and distribution.... more
There is a high potentials of food processing industry in Bangladesh which is primarily derived from the agriculture sector of the country. Food processing industry is divided into two segments such as, production
and distribution. Production segment refers to processing of meats and cheeses and the creating of soft drinks, alcoholic beverages, packaged foods, and other modified foods. While the distribution includes transporting the finished food products into the hands of consumers. The food processing industry is the fastest growing industry of Bangladesh since 2000. Due to recent development in food processing industry, a good number of entrepreneurs have been developed in this sector. This development can be attributed by the change of tastes and preferences of Bangladeshi people. Now, people of Bangladesh prefer buying processed food items from the grocery shops and departmental stores and prefer buying packaged food products. Hence, this study aims at identifying the critical factors of food processing entrepreneurs in Bangladesh. This study used both the qualitative and quantitative research methods. Respondent entrepreneurs were selected by simple random
sampling method from the food processing industry of Bangladesh. Factor analysis was carried out to find out the critical factors of the entrepreneurs while multiple regression analysis was conducted to identify the relationships between the critical factors and the overall development of food processing industry in Bangladesh.Individual critical factors like use of information technology, family and friends support, and
capability to compete in the market are significant critical factors for the food processing entrepreneurs in Bangladesh.
and distribution. Production segment refers to processing of meats and cheeses and the creating of soft drinks, alcoholic beverages, packaged foods, and other modified foods. While the distribution includes transporting the finished food products into the hands of consumers. The food processing industry is the fastest growing industry of Bangladesh since 2000. Due to recent development in food processing industry, a good number of entrepreneurs have been developed in this sector. This development can be attributed by the change of tastes and preferences of Bangladeshi people. Now, people of Bangladesh prefer buying processed food items from the grocery shops and departmental stores and prefer buying packaged food products. Hence, this study aims at identifying the critical factors of food processing entrepreneurs in Bangladesh. This study used both the qualitative and quantitative research methods. Respondent entrepreneurs were selected by simple random
sampling method from the food processing industry of Bangladesh. Factor analysis was carried out to find out the critical factors of the entrepreneurs while multiple regression analysis was conducted to identify the relationships between the critical factors and the overall development of food processing industry in Bangladesh.Individual critical factors like use of information technology, family and friends support, and
capability to compete in the market are significant critical factors for the food processing entrepreneurs in Bangladesh.
This paper aims at identifying Microfinance Institutions' deposit mobilization issues from the perspectives of the clients-the members of the MFIs. It looks into the different aspects of field level experience and practice of the NGO-MFIs... more
This paper aims at identifying Microfinance Institutions' deposit mobilization issues from the perspectives of the clients-the members of the MFIs. It looks into the different aspects of field level experience and practice of the NGO-MFIs working in Bangladesh. To identify the clients' perspective on deposit mobilization by MFIs, this paper presents findings from a study, which was conducted for Micro-credit Regulatory Authority and represents sample survey of 450 members of different NGO-MFIs working in the 4 divisions namely Dhaka, Chittagong, Rajshahi, and Khulna. A structured questionnaire was used to conduct the survey which was developed through literature review and finalized through pilot survey. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Descriptive statistics such as tables, simple percentage, correlations etc. were used to describe the situation. Results show that MFIs are filling the gaps of the financial services required by vast majority of relatively poor people having no access to the banking system, and thus working as a complementary segment of overall financial system of the country with demands for more services to render. One of the major demands registered is the access to more flexible system of deposit by the rural people besides their demand for greater volume of credit flow, that still remain only partially fulfilled.
Research Interests:
There is a paramount importance of developing entrepreneurship for the economic development of a country. This paper is an attempt to identify the characteristics of entrepreneur. The paper also presents the basic characteristics of four... more
There is a paramount importance of developing entrepreneurship for the economic development of a country. This paper is an attempt to identify the characteristics of entrepreneur. The paper also presents the basic characteristics of four types of entrepreneurs engaged in cosmetics, medicine, shoe and electronics business. The study shows that there are wide differences as well as relations among the characteristics of different study groups. It reveals the causal relationship between the characteristics and some intra-personal factors of entrepreneurs. The analysis depicts the dissimilarities of literal characteristics of entrepreneur.
There is a controversy among the researchers regarding the concept of high technology (high-tech) firms. Therefore, an attempt has been made to identify the specific aspects or characteristics of high-tech firms and its application in... more
There is a controversy among the researchers regarding the concept of high technology (high-tech) firms. Therefore, an attempt has been made to identify the specific aspects or characteristics of high-tech firms and its application in software designing firms (SDFs). The study shows that most of the researchers have the convergence among their opinion of high-tech firms. They defined high-tech concept with the help of different products and services of companies in diverse environment. The specific aspects of high-tech firms are: product and process sophistication, research and development intensity, technically educated employees, a fast rate of growth and high degree of vulnerability, scarcity of human resources familiar with the technologies, all or parts of the products are based on the recent innovations or new technologies, a worldwide product for its market, new technology makes existing technology obsolete very quickly, turbulent environment characterized by realignment of competitors, changing customer’s needs, changing regulations, new competing products and so on. It is also identified that SDF's are high-tech firms.
The study focused on strategic management issues of entrepreneurial software developing companies in Bangladesh. Despite high vulnerability and rapid technological development the software market of Bangladesh is emerging with high... more
The study focused on strategic management issues of entrepreneurial software developing companies in Bangladesh. Despite high vulnerability and rapid technological development the software market of Bangladesh is emerging with high potential. Absence of explicit business and technology strategy is affecting the growth and development of software market in Bangladesh. Some strategic success factors that are identified as useful for software development in Bangladesh are management of technical people, access to multiple sources of technology, development of technological resources, emphasis on customized software, orientation to customers needs and continuous involvement of entrepreneurs. The strategic success factors for software market development are
developing appropriate marketing channel, building and maintaining credibility, building market differentiation, linking with large customers and speed to market entry. Bangladesh software developing companies should build-up strategic alliances with foreign companies to reduce cost and risk of new software development, to control operations and to enter into untapped national and international market. Long term policy and strategy, top management commitment, responses to change and creation of an innovation-accepting entrepreneurship culture will reduce employee turnover, build corporate culture and enhance the growth of software developing companies in Bangladesh.
developing appropriate marketing channel, building and maintaining credibility, building market differentiation, linking with large customers and speed to market entry. Bangladesh software developing companies should build-up strategic alliances with foreign companies to reduce cost and risk of new software development, to control operations and to enter into untapped national and international market. Long term policy and strategy, top management commitment, responses to change and creation of an innovation-accepting entrepreneurship culture will reduce employee turnover, build corporate culture and enhance the growth of software developing companies in Bangladesh.
This study attempts to evaluate the level of job satisfaction and overall socioeconomic satisfaction of women bank employees in Bangladesh' It focuses on there relative importance of job satisfaction factors and their relationships with... more
This study attempts to evaluate the level of job satisfaction and overall socioeconomic satisfaction of women bank employees in Bangladesh' It focuses on there relative importance of job satisfaction factors and their relationships with the overall satisfaction. It reports that the level of job satisfaction of women depends on the factors including salary' better job' supervisor recognition, co-employee recognition' better work' colleagues' preferences' and quality of supervision have found to be the most important among these factors. The factors such as salary, better job, supervisor recognition better work, supervisor, colleagues preferences and quality of supervision have significant influence on the overall satisfaction of the women employees. These factors are identified as the prime determinants of both job satisfaction and the overall satisfaction of women bank employees in Bangladesh' The negative relationship of better job with overall satisfaction indicates that the higher chances of getting job outside would result in much less positive overall satisfaction on women bank employees.
The operating performance of nationalized general insurance company of Bangladesh, known as Shadharan Bima Corporation (SBC), has consistently deteriorated since 1983. SBC is becoming more dependent on underwriting of re-insurable... more
The operating performance of nationalized general insurance company of Bangladesh, known as Shadharan Bima Corporation (SBC), has consistently deteriorated since 1983. SBC is becoming more dependent on underwriting of re-insurable business of all private insurance companies. They have also gradually shifted their investment from relatively higher income generating investment (share, debenture) to lower income-generating investments( deposits). This is mainly due to SBC's inability to respond to the changes in the market, government policy and overall environment. They still logged in with the state owned enterprises' characteristics of inefficiency, lack of challenging attitude, resistance to change, negative unionism, unethical practices, etc.
This study deals with the job satisfaction of women workers and managerial policies of garment companies in Bangladesh. The garment industry is the fast growing export sector of Bangladesh. More than three fourths of total foreign... more
This study deals with the job satisfaction of women workers and managerial policies of garment companies in Bangladesh. The garment industry is the fast growing export sector of Bangladesh. More than three fourths of total foreign earnings of the country come from this sector. This sector has a low labor cost advantage in producing garments. The manufacturing technology of garment production has been changing from labor-intensive to more sophisticated and capital-intensive production. This change creates dissatisfaction for the lower skilled workers because of their inability to adapt to the new manufacturing process. Work dissatisfaction reduces the performance of workers and, in turn, company performance is negatively affected. Hence, the strategies related to the use of sophisticated technology and to manage human resources for the production of garments for the international markets are crucial. Therefore, this study evaluates the impact of technological change on job satisfaction of women garment workers in Bangladesh. It also explores the strategies for decreasing dissatisfaction of lower skilled workers. The study identifies the relationship between job satisfaction and the overall impact of the change. A set of job satisfaction variables was developed from the Technological Change Survey (Slem and Levi, 1995). The overall impact is defined as how workers see the impact of change on income and benefits to the family, and the identity they have as a wage earner. The specific relationship between job satisfaction and the overall impact shows that fair pay, task significance, bureaucracy, conflicts, and sharing information are significantly related. Task significance and information sharing are positively related to the overall impact. Fair pay, bureaucracy, and conflicts are negatively and significantly related to the overall impact. Less fair pay, high bureaucracy, and more conflicts cause a limited positive overall impact on women workers. The positive relationships to technological change include improvement of task significance, salary increase, improvement of the quality of supervision, improved co-workers relations and increase benefits. The negative consequences are unfair pay, work dissatisfaction, bureaucracy, conflicts between management and workers, decreased information sharing, and decreased promotions for workers. Managers, in such a situation, may not be able to resist the increasing change required because of the new technologies but they can do more to manage the change through reducing the level of unfairness in all respects, the level of bureaucracy, the level of conflicts between workers and management, and increasing information sharing with workers. This could be achieved through appropriate human resource policies such as, fair pay, rewards for work, attention to the subordinates' feelings, work redesign, communicating company goals to workers, sharing information, increasing benefits, increasing promotions, and above all providing more skill training to women garment workers.
Due to the development of private sector universities in Bangladesh, a large number of students are studying at the undergraduate and graduate programs of private universities of Bangladesh. These students are being educated in different... more
Due to the development of private sector universities in Bangladesh, a large number of students are studying at the undergraduate and graduate programs of private universities of Bangladesh. These students are being educated in different disciplines including business studies, science and technology, arts and social sciences. But the effectiveness of the education depends on the use of information technology in classroom teaching and evaluation of the performance of the students. This study only focuses on the impact of IT use on the teachers' behaviors. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used in this study. Descriptive statistics were used to explain the private university educational environment and inferential statistics such as, Factor Analysis was used to identify the factors related to the behavior of the university teachers concerning the use of information technology. Multiple Regressions analysis was used to identify the relationships between the factors and the overall impact of IT-use on the behavior of the university teachers. Results show that there are eleven factors concerning teacher's behavior such as,willingness of the IT staff and up-to-date IT facilities, use of computer and internet facilities, summing up lecture, use of OHP and online portal, use of grade calculator and face book, availability of IT staff, computer literacy of the students, script checking and feedback, use of multimedia in lecture, updating lecture notes, and evaluation of IQ level of the students. The factors including willingness of the IT staff and the updated IT facilities, summing up lecture, use of OHP and online portal, availability of IT staff, computer literacy of the students, script checking and feedback, use of multimedia in lecture, and evaluation of IQ level of the students are significantly related to the overall impact of the IT-use on the university teacher's behaviors in Bangladesh. The factors such as, use of computers and internet facilities, use of grade calculator and face book, and updating lecture notes are not significantly related to the overall impact of IT-use on the university teacher's behaviors in Bangladesh. This study suggests that the use of IT will significantly enhance the effectiveness of learning of the private university students in Bangladesh if the factors including willingness of the IT staff and up-to-date IT facilities, IT competency of the students, and use of IT at all levels of teaching and evaluation of the students are emphasized by the policy makers of the private universities in Bangladesh.
Results of the analysis show that all six factors such as friendliness, class presentation by using IT support, use of e-Library, doing lots of home tasks by using computers, frequent use of interactive portal to communicate with the... more
Results of the analysis show that all six factors such as friendliness, class presentation by using IT support, use of e-Library, doing lots of home tasks by using computers, frequent use of interactive portal to communicate with the teachers outside the class, and the extensive use of labs for exam preparations with the IT people, concerning behavior of the of private university students are significantly related to the use of information technology in teaching-learning process.
There is a paramount importance of equal empowerment of women for the socioeconomic development and balanced growth of Bangladesh. Research shows that only 7% of the total business establishments headed by the women entrepreneurs. The... more
There is a paramount importance of equal empowerment of women for the socioeconomic development and balanced growth of Bangladesh. Research shows that only 7% of the total business establishments headed by the women entrepreneurs. The reasons could be attributed by the lack of women entrepreneurship development, social influencing and networking abilities, and decisionmaking abilities of the women. Hence, this study aims at identifying the factors related to social empowerment due to women entrepreneurship development (WED). The causal research used primary data collected from women entrepreneurs in Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) businesses. The study used both probability and non-probability sampling techniques to select 397 women entrepreneurs for interview. We analyzed data by using Exploratory Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modelling techniques. The results show that the factors concerning women entrepreneurship development include enterprise management, enterprise resourcing, generating business ideas and harvesting and growth significantly related to the overall development of women entrepreneurship in Bangladesh. The WED helps in developing women social empowerment especially decision making abilities, social influencing abilities, and social networking abilities. This study suggests that the policy makers of SME sector should focus on the WED significant factors in order to expedite entrepreneurship development and improve women social empowerment of Bangladesh.
When the trainings are effective, Return on Investment (ROI) in training becomes visible in the organization. To identify the effectiveness of training in the commercial banks of Bangladesh, this study explores the role of trainer quality... more
When the trainings are effective, Return on Investment (ROI) in training becomes visible in the organization. To identify the effectiveness of training in the commercial banks of Bangladesh, this study explores the role of trainer quality as a predictor of self-efficacy, motivation to transfer, authentic leadership, and training system effectiveness (TSE). It also examines the mediation role of self-efficacy, motivation to transfer, and authentic leadership between trainer and the training systems of commercial banks in Bangladesh. Data were collected from 625 employees of commercial banks in Bangladesh. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was applied to test the hypotheses. Results revealed a significant and positive impact of trainer quality on self-efficacy and motivation to transfer of training. This study suggests that the policymakers and the training specialists should focus on self-efficacy and motivation to transfer
in giving training for improvement of the effectiveness of training in commercial banks of
Bangladesh.
in giving training for improvement of the effectiveness of training in commercial banks of
Bangladesh.
Research Interests:
Aims: Healthy economic development requires properly managing the banking industry of any country. Along with state-owned banks, private banks play a critical role in the country's economy. Managers in all types of banks now... more
Aims: Healthy economic development requires properly managing the banking industry of any country. Along with state-owned banks, private banks play a critical role in the country's economy. Managers in all types of banks now confront the same challenge: how to get the utmost output from their employees. Therefore, Performance appraisal appears to be inevitable since it set the standard for comparing actual performance to established objectives and recommending practical solutions that help the organization achieve sustainable growth. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to determine the effect of performance appraisal on employee motivation and retention.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in the private banking industry of Bangladesh between November 01, 2022, to March 30, 2023. The study duration was determined based on the scope of the research project and the availability of time and resources to complete it within the designated timeframe.
Methodology: A random sampling method was used to conduct the study through a structured questionnaire among 110 employees from various private banks. Questionnaires were used to collect quantitative data, which was then analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 25.0 software.
Results: Major findings of the study indicate that performance appraisal is critical for employee motivation and employees perceived performance appraisal as a fair procedure, which increased their motivation and retention. Compensation and reward, and feedback are also perceived positively by the employees, which motivate them to stay in the banks.
Conclusion: There is a recommendation that banks should review the appraisal process regularly, improve the feedback policy, introduce an effective reward system, provide the opportunity to employees for career development and empowerment, and maintain a participative environment.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in the private banking industry of Bangladesh between November 01, 2022, to March 30, 2023. The study duration was determined based on the scope of the research project and the availability of time and resources to complete it within the designated timeframe.
Methodology: A random sampling method was used to conduct the study through a structured questionnaire among 110 employees from various private banks. Questionnaires were used to collect quantitative data, which was then analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 25.0 software.
Results: Major findings of the study indicate that performance appraisal is critical for employee motivation and employees perceived performance appraisal as a fair procedure, which increased their motivation and retention. Compensation and reward, and feedback are also perceived positively by the employees, which motivate them to stay in the banks.
Conclusion: There is a recommendation that banks should review the appraisal process regularly, improve the feedback policy, introduce an effective reward system, provide the opportunity to employees for career development and empowerment, and maintain a participative environment.
Life insurance business in Bangladesh is growing with a great potential. There are 550,000 life insurance policyholders in the country with per capita policy of 0.00458. Insurance premium per capita is lower (US $1.00) in compared to many... more
Life insurance business in Bangladesh is growing with a great potential. There are 550,000 life insurance policyholders in the country with per capita policy of 0.00458. Insurance premium per capita is lower (US $1.00) in compared to many developing nations. The private sector is greatly dominating (68.15%) the industry at present (Ali 1999). Since 1988, the market share of private life insurance. has dramatically changed and the proportion has turned reverse in ten years (Appendix A). Life insurance in private sector is appreciated by the higher income group while, the public sector is more accepted by the lower and the middle group (Siddiqui, 1995). This inclination of the insured towards private sector is caused by the differences in service quality of insurance companies. In this consideration, insurance companies are required to keep abreast of the quality attributes in order to provide better facilities and services to their customers. But a very few studies have been conducted on service quality of life insurance companies in private sector in Bangladesh. Therefore, the insurers find it difficult to attune the gap between the services the customers require and the services they provide.
Garment industry is undergoing a continuous change due to a number of macro environmental factors concerned with technological, economic, social, cultural, political, and legal changes. Technological change is the most important one that... more
Garment industry is undergoing a continuous change due to a number of macro environmental factors concerned with technological, economic, social, cultural, political, and legal changes. Technological change is the most important one that creates negative impact on workers. The change modifies manufacturing processes by bringing new machines and production processes into the company and demands newer skills to the workers. Thus, one of the challenges of business globalization for the least developed countries is that technology change erodes the advantages of labor-intensive technology.This impact is concerned with the attitudes of job security, job satisfaction,, wok relations, and overall lives of the female workers.
Now-a-days, entertainment parks are one of the important segments of tourism industry of any country. Bangladesh is also a country with a full of attractive places for the visitors and tourists. Some of the entertainment parks are also... more
Now-a-days, entertainment parks are one of the important segments of tourism industry of any country. Bangladesh is also a country with a full of attractive places for the visitors and tourists. Some of the entertainment parks are also made by the private sector entrepreneurs in Bangladesh. Due to very fast growth of urbanization, people are deprived of enjoying natural attractive places due to their time constraints. Therefore, the entertainment park concept is becoming important in developing countries like Bangladesh. Along with natural tourists' spots, there are four main private sector entertainment parks in Bangladesh such as, Fantasy kingdom, Nandan Park, Sishu Park, and Foyez Lake that are located in Dhaka and Chittagong. The tourism sector's contribution to the economy is also increasing day by day. In 2017, it was 2.20 percent of the GDP and is expected to be 6.20 percent in 2018 1. To develop this sector, a diversified approach with the concentration on theme-based entertainment parks might be more attractive to the urban people of Bangladesh. A large number of visitors look for entertainment parks especially in Dhaka city. But the parks are extremely inadequate in numbers and also not in a good condition. Hence, this study identifies the visitors' perceptions about the entertainment parks located in Dhaka citycapital city of Bangladesh. This study has been conducted among the visitors who already visited entertainment parks of Dhaka city. To conduct this study, a total of 214 visitors were interviewed with the help of a structured questionnaire. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Multivariate analysis techniques like factor analysis was performed to identify the factors related to the entertainment parks of Dhaka city. Multiple regression analysis was performed to identify the relationships between the factors and the overall conditions of the entertainment parks of Dhaka city. Results show that there are twelve factors that are important to the people of Dhaka city who frequently visit entertainment parks. The factors are: medical and first aid services, rides price and mobile network, road transport and discount facilities, trees and gardens, park employees behavior & sitting facilities, food and toilet facilities, picnic spot facilities, drinking water facilities, attractiveness of the park, quiet and noiseless, open for all ages of people, and availability of the rides. It is suggested that the park authority should focus on the mentioned factors to make the entertainment parks more attractive to the increased number of visitors of Dhaka city.
Workers’ engagement refers to the organizational conditions where all the members of an organization are committed to their organization’s goals and values, motivated to contribute to organizational success with an enhanced sense of their... more
Workers’ engagement refers to the organizational conditions where all the members of an organization are committed to their organization’s goals and values, motivated to contribute to organizational success with an enhanced sense of their own well-being (Little & Little, 2006).Positive engagement is expected by any organization because it makes workers well connected with their jobs, loyal, and increase willing to put extra effort to do their jobs just to accomplish their goals in the company. Readymade garment (RMG) industry of Bangladesh is the main earner of foreign currency that consists of more than75% of the country’s export earnings. But the workers of this industry are often found unengaged at their work due to the ill behavior of their supervisors, poor working conditions, lack of organization incentives, and the absence of motivational policies of the companies. Hence, this study aims at identifying the workers’ engagement factors of RMG industry of Bangladesh. This study interviewed 319 RMG workers from ten leading garment companies. Descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were used to analyze the data. Results show that the RMG workers engagement factors are: feeling the company as a great company, feeling proud and recommend others, access to learning and good career opportunity, knowing the development of the company, quality supervision and recognition for good jobs done, and manager cares the workers. This study suggests that the RMG policymakers should focus more on the supervision styles of the managers and appreciating policy of the companies that can help improving the engagement level of the workers in this industry of Bangladesh.
Recently in Bangladesh, frozen and ready-to-cook food industry is growing very fast due to high demand of these products by the city dwellers. These processed frozen and ready-to-cook food products are mainly related to fruits and... more
Recently in Bangladesh, frozen and ready-to-cook food industry is growing very fast due to high demand of these products by the city dwellers. These processed frozen and ready-to-cook food products are mainly related to fruits and vegetables, fish and meat-based products and wheat-based food products, etc. With the increase of population in the urban areas of Bangladesh, the citizens are becoming busy, families are becoming smaller, and the parents are getting associated with the jobs. As a result, people demand easy and "ready-to-cook" processed frozen food items. Families living in the cities are adopting their food habits towards frozen foods such as, processed meat, half boiled meat, processed fish, vegetables, fruits, porotah, samosa, shingara, pizza, etc. as these foods are easy to cook in a very short time. The reason for increased demand of these processed foods can also be attributed by the increased engagement of women at work and increased purchasing power of the people. Hence, this study aims at identifying the factors influencing the consumers' perception about the frozen and ready-to-cook food products on Bangladeshi people. A survey was conducted among 211 frozen and ready-to-cook food consumers of Dhaka city with a structured questionnaire. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Factor analysis was conducted to identify the influencing factors related to the consumers' perception about frozen and readyto-cook food products. Regression analysis was accomplished to examine the impact of the factors on the overall consumers' preferences of the processed frozen and ready-to-cook food products. Results show that the factors which influence the perception of the consumers about frozen and ready-to-cook food products are concerned with saving time, helpful and economic, low price, variety and good for health, brand image and quality, availability of the frozen foods, taste of the food, and attractive packaging of the food. Individual factor relationships show that the factors such as, saving time, the foods are helpful and economic, low price, variety and good for health, brand image and quality, and availability of the foods are significant and the factors such as, good taste of the food and attractive packaging of the food are not significant in this study. This study suggests that the policymakers of the processed frozen and ready-tocook food product manufacturers should give importance on these factors for increasing the demand of the products among the city dwellers of Bangladesh.
The world is changing and it seems only "change is constant in this world" though Heraclitus, a Greek philosopher, foreseen that we have to adapt to changes to survive but the magnitude and the pace of changes were not in his wildest... more
The world is changing and it seems only "change is constant in this world" though Heraclitus, a Greek philosopher, foreseen that we have to adapt to changes to survive but the magnitude and the pace of changes were not in his wildest dreams may be. We live in a VUCA world nowin an environment of volatility, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity (Warren Bennis and Burt Nanus, 1987), and this acronym VUCA is used in the US Army War College, Harvard, Forbes, and so on. Leadership in a VUCA world has books and articles published that emphasis adapt or die. On the other hand, it is leadership that is one of the most significant factors that gives companies competitive advantage. Competitive Advantages are achieved through judicious use of resources and capabilities, and a leader is the one who makes call on use of a company's core competence. Strategic decisions are made at top tier levels as vision and disseminated to all tiers of leadersmiddle to lower echelons and broken into goals, objectives, and tasks. From vision to missions to goals to objectives and tasks the orchestration and synchronization's require leaders at all levels to be effective.
This research examined the relationship between leaders' behaviour, emotional intelligence, competitive advantage, firm strategy and performance. The three-factor model of leadership behaviour linking competitive advantage and firm... more
This research examined the relationship between leaders' behaviour, emotional intelligence, competitive advantage, firm strategy and performance. The three-factor model of leadership behaviour linking competitive advantage and firm performance is a unique model tested in this research. This study is also one of the first attempts which survey 400 leaders from Bangladeshi companies to test this model in a developing country. Quantitative analyses revealed that relation-oriented behaviour significantly relates to firm performance through competitive advantage. The task and change-oriented leadership behaviours revealed a weaker version of the same association trend. The research also showed that emotional intelligence moderated the relationship between leader behaviours and competitive advantage, and firm strategy moderated the relationship between competitive advantage and firm performance. Results favoured a threefactor model that included change-oriented behaviour as the extension of the classic two-factor leadership behaviour model. This information will benefit organisations in several ways. Theoretically, it will fill the gap existing in the leadership literature. Practically, it will provide current leaders with the understanding required to enhance their leadership behaviour and use it to increase firm performance. Most importantly, firms may use these findings to design professional leadership training, improve employees' emotional intelligence, prepare future leaders, and sustain competitive advantage.
This paper attempts to identify the empowerment factors of rural women in Bangladesh through homestead poultry rearing practices. Data were collected from 75 rural women involved in poultry rearing practices through interviews using a... more
This paper attempts to identify the empowerment factors of rural women in Bangladesh through homestead poultry rearing practices. Data were collected from 75 rural women involved in poultry rearing practices through interviews using a structured questionnaire. Factor analysis was performed to identify the empowerment factors. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify the relationships between the six empowerment factors and the overall empowerment of rural women. The results show that homestead poultry rearing practices empower rural women. This study indicates that independent decision making authority and increased involvement in family affairs are positively associated with empowerment. The implications of these findings for rural women in Bangladesh are discussed.
Women’s leadership development in entrepreneurial business is critical to improving women’s participation in management and businesses in Bangladesh. Research shows that only seven percent of all business establishments in Bangladesh are... more
Women’s leadership development in entrepreneurial business is critical to improving women’s participation in management and businesses in Bangladesh. Research shows that only seven percent of all business establishments in Bangladesh are women-owned and women-headed. This limited ownership and development of women’s leadership behavior is a clear gap to be filled. Thus, the study aims to identify women’s leadership behavioral factors (WLBFs) and examine the causal relationship between WLBFs and women’s leadership behavior practices (WLBPs) in line with path–goal leadership theory. We conducted causal research, applying systematic sampling techniques in selecting participants and conducting interviews with 366 women entrepreneurs from the Bangladesh Women Chamber of Commerce and Industries database under seven administrative divisional headquarters. We analyzed data through exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling techniques. The results show that the factors internal to women as entrepreneurs (including entrepreneurial attitude, intentions, and workplace learning culture), the factors external to women as entrepreneurs (such as training and education), and socio-cultural factors are significantly related to the development of WLBPs. The external organizational behavior context was not significant. WLBPs help develop directive, supportive, participatory, and achievement-oriented leadership practices among women entrepreneurs in Bangladesh. This study suggests that policymakers, implementing managers, training service providers, and women entrepreneurs focus on entrepreneurial attitude, intention, education and skills development training, workplace learning culture, and socio-cultural support among women entrepreneurs in Bangladesh.
Needless to say that the universities are the main talent pipeline for the industry but unfortunately many university graduates fail to get employed and the root cause of this unemployment has always been a disparity of skills required by... more
Needless to say that the universities are the main talent pipeline for the industry but unfortunately many university graduates fail to get employed and the root cause of this unemployment has always been a disparity of skills required by the industry and the lack of practical knowledge of the graduates. Hence, it is imperative that academicians and the employers of the industries get on the one stand to ensure that higher education institutions are linked to contemporary industrial needs. Particularly, to boost multi-dimensional productivity among the graduates, the gap between industry and the academia must be minimized to enhance nationwide progress that will cover socioeconomic dimensions of a country like Bangladesh.
The study on job satisfaction of the senior level executives of Bangladesh showed that other than work itself there is not many strong motivating forces present to satisfy the executives. Both male and female executives have confirmed... more
The study on job satisfaction of the senior level executives of Bangladesh showed that other than work itself there is not many strong motivating forces present to satisfy the executives. Both male and female executives have confirmed that their companies recognize their good works and they are also clear about the goals of their organizations. It is noted that there is hardly any gender difference regarding job satisfaction, even though, there is less scope of promotion possibility in most of the organizations. Both male and female executives expressed relatively higher level of agreement about their liking of coworkers and enjoying their jobs and company, suggesting less sex discrimination, though they mildly agreed that there is bickering and fighting at work. Regarding satisfaction on benefits received the male executives are found somewhat less satisfied compared to the female executives. Interestingly enough both the groups have indicated that there are benefits, which they don't enjoy at present, but they should have those benefits in future and should be given more
frequently than the current practice. It is noted that there exists red-tapism in the organization. Both the groups preferred to choose an indifferent view on their opportunity for advancement and payments received from the company. A higher level of agreement on the part of male executives on good communication in their organization may be explained by the fact that because of social and cultural reasons female executives may not enjoy easy and direct communication access compared to their male counterpart even in the office set up.
frequently than the current practice. It is noted that there exists red-tapism in the organization. Both the groups preferred to choose an indifferent view on their opportunity for advancement and payments received from the company. A higher level of agreement on the part of male executives on good communication in their organization may be explained by the fact that because of social and cultural reasons female executives may not enjoy easy and direct communication access compared to their male counterpart even in the office set up.
The study is aimed at evaluating the views of consumers and retailers of Bangladesh regarding fairness. lt can be said that fairness in not anything that is universally consistent. Though fairness in business is recognized all over the... more
The study is aimed at evaluating the views of consumers and retailers of Bangladesh regarding fairness. lt can be said that fairness in not anything that is universally consistent. Though fairness in business is recognized all over the world, nevertheless, it is viewed that it sometimes works against the profit seeking. The study shows that the attitude towards fairness depends a lot on the operating environment of business. The opinion regarding fairness of the retailers and the consumers is also sometimes different due to differences in their expectations. The study reveals that the views of the two groups are alike. The retailers are found very much community concerned and not always profit seekers. On the other hand, the consumers approve of rational price rise by the retailers. This behavior of both the groups is mainly due to the culture, religion and social norms of Bangladesh.
Although, the economy of Bangladesh is primarily dependent on agriculture, Readymade Garment (RMG) industry has emerged as the largest earner foreign currency of Bangladesh in recent years. More than 75% of foreign earnings are coming... more
Although, the economy of Bangladesh is primarily dependent on agriculture, Readymade Garment (RMG) industry has emerged as the largest earner foreign currency of Bangladesh in recent years. More than 75% of foreign earnings are coming through export from this very important sector of Bangladesh. In study of Islam & Chowdhuri, [1] presently more than four million workers are working in 4,500 RMG companies of Bangladesh in which 90% are illiterate women who are from the rural areas of the country. The policymakers and the employers of this sector claim that the growth of garment sector has helped employing a huge number of rural women that has subsequently developed their socioeconomic. But, it is a concern of the national and internal observers that the compliances like factory laws, industrial relations laws, employment laws, payment of wages laws, ILO standards, ethics applied in this sector are hardly followed by the RMG companies that make the lives of the workers very misery. Sometimes, the female workers are exploited by employing more hours a day without the payment of overtime by capitalizing their illiteracy and submissiveness. Hence, this paper aims at identifying the level of application of the labor laws and the compliances in RMG industry of Bangladesh that is the only protective measures of the large number of female workers of this sector of Bangladesh. A total of 238 workers of this sector were interviewed in this study with a structured questionnaire. Multivariate analysis techniques such as, Factor Analysis and Multiple Regression Analysis were used to analyze the data. Results show that in case of measures for protecting sexual harassment there is a severe problem of the use of the labor laws in this sector followed by physical movement and access control, exit and access path of the company, working hours, and counseling arrangements in the company. This study suggests that the readymade garment companies should address the sexual harassment issue seriously so that the workers will feel safe at their work. They also should focus more on the safety issues, working hours, and counseling of the workers in order to make the working environment more favorable to the workers.
This study attempts to identify the critical success factors for strengthening and development of poultry entrepreneurs in Bangladesh. Multivariate analysis using factor analysis technique has been used to analyze the data. Fifteen... more
This study attempts to identify the critical success factors for strengthening and development of poultry entrepreneurs in Bangladesh. Multivariate analysis using factor analysis technique has been used to analyze the data. Fifteen factors were identified as crucial for success in poultry business. These factors explain more than eighty percent of the variability of data. The results show that the entrepreneurial success of poultry business highly depends on sociopolitical orientation of the entrepreneurs. Achievement motivation, efficiency, commitment towards work, dynamism, and self_confidence are also found to be crucial for success in poultry firm operation. The other factors include profit seeking, flexibility, instant decision making capability, cooperation from the stakeholders, independence, knowledge of technology, continuous adjustment with environment, learning by experience, and enjoying work.
This article studied both serving and retired military officers’ opinions, the ex-military leaders serving in companies in Bangladesh, and compared them to corporate leaders of other backgrounds. The study triangulated the views of mass,... more
This article studied both serving and retired military officers’ opinions, the ex-military leaders serving in companies in Bangladesh, and compared them to corporate leaders of other backgrounds. The study triangulated the views of mass, employers who employed ex-military with that of the officer’s view. The study finds that though military leaders in some places lack the technical knowledge they perform better in any corporate role. However, mass people think military veterans make good administrators. All corners of the triangle though agreed discipline, uprightness with sincerity and dedication give the retired soldiers an upper hand.
In today's internet-enabled era, the learning processes of students are not effective without the integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) into the learning practices. This study aimed at identifying the impact of ICT... more
In today's internet-enabled era, the learning processes of students are not effective without the integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) into the learning practices. This study aimed at identifying the impact of ICT on learning processes of the students enrolled in different private universities of Bangladesh. A total of 277 respondents were chosen through convenience sampling and were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. The results obtained from Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) divulged that eight factors integrated students' learning processes and the use of ICT. Subsequently, five
factors were found to be significant through multiple regression analysis. Among the eight factors identified, the role of factors for training skills and willingness of Information Technology (IT) staff and internet-based communication were further corroborated using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis. This study concluded that ICT facilities of the private universities significantly influenced the effectiveness of learning process of the university students. If the authorities of the private universities in Bangladesh would emphasize upon improving the aforementioned factors, the overall learning process of the students would become more effective and could lead to better academic performance thereby.
factors were found to be significant through multiple regression analysis. Among the eight factors identified, the role of factors for training skills and willingness of Information Technology (IT) staff and internet-based communication were further corroborated using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis. This study concluded that ICT facilities of the private universities significantly influenced the effectiveness of learning process of the university students. If the authorities of the private universities in Bangladesh would emphasize upon improving the aforementioned factors, the overall learning process of the students would become more effective and could lead to better academic performance thereby.
There is a very high demand of the street foods in Dhaka city of Bangladesh. The reasons can be attributed by the tastes and varieties of foods, easily accessibility, low price, readily made, attraction to the foods, and above all, needs... more
There is a very high demand of the street foods in Dhaka city of Bangladesh. The reasons can be attributed by the tastes and varieties of foods, easily accessibility, low price, readily made, attraction to the foods, and above all, needs of the street people. Dhaka is the most populous city of Bangladesh. It is also the capital of the country. There are more than 18 million people, as of 2016 in Greater Dhaka city, living here in this city. It is also one of the most populated cities in the world with a density of 23,234 people per square kilometer within a total area of 300 square kilometers. Street food entrepreneurs are still unable to fulfill the demands of this huge population of this city. Due to the rise in income of the city dwellers, they are coming out from their congested houses to the parks and streets on the vacations and holidays and eating street foods. Sometimes, this is a fashion of the young people eating foods standing at the street. Although, a significant portion of these people think that the street foods are unhygienic and unhealthy even then they eat those foods when they are outside their houses. Therefore, this paper seeks to identify the reasons for which the street foods are eaten by the people living in Dhaka city. This study has been conducted among the people who eat street foods at their leisure time or vacations. To conduct this study, a total of 340 street food lovers were interviewed with the help of a structured questionnaire. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Multivariate analysis techniques were used to identify the factors having influence on the habits of street food eaters in Dhaka city. The confirmatory factor analysis identified six factors such as, pleasure and soundness, convenience and variety, cost, attractiveness, food value, & taste and image. Results also show that the street food eating habit of the people of Dhaka City is significantly influenced by the pleasure and soundness, convenience and variety, cost, and attractiveness to the foods. This study suggests that the tastes and variety of street foods, accessibility, price and attractiveness should be emphasized to increase the attraction of the street food eaters towards the street foods in Dhaka City of Bangladesh.
Super market is a new and special addition with the retail stores of Bangladesh. Since the inception of Agora's journey in 2001, the Bangladeshi supermarket sector has taken a steady growth in the country. The super market domestic... more
Super market is a new and special addition with the retail stores of Bangladesh. Since the inception of Agora's journey in 2001, the Bangladeshi supermarket sector has taken a steady growth in the country. The super market domestic industry now stands at around BDT 1,500 crore (LightCastle Blog, 2015).Currently, there are 121 supermarkets in the country which is largely dominated by three major players-Shwapno, Agora, Meena BazarandNandan (BSOA-Business Supermarkets Owners' Association).Due to the shift income of Bangladeshi people towards the middle income status, all the subsequent advantages including per capita raiseand urbanization are expediting this industry's profitability and growth. With rapid urbanization, super market industry of Bangladesh is expected to grow by almost 15 times of its current size by 2021. Positive economic externalities such as, generation of employment through SMEs, high food safety and security, price stability, and inclusive business development are expected to accompany this growth and development process. Due to the increasing demand of super markets, the satisfaction of the customers became an important issue to the entrepreneurs in this industry. Hence, this study aims at identifying the level of customers' satisfaction of the super markets in Bangladesh. Both primary and secondary data were collected and analyzed in this study. The primary data were collected directly from the customers of the different super markets of Bangladesh. Two hundred elevensuper market customers were interviewed with the help of a structured questionnaire. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify the satisfaction related factors and the relationships between the factors and the overall satisfaction of the customers. This study identified factors influencing the customer satisfaction of super markets in Bangladesh are concerned withpersonalinteraction of the
Although, the economy of Bangladesh is primarily dependent on agriculture, Readymade Garment (RMG) industry has emerged as the largest earner foreign currency of Bangladesh in recent years. More than 75% of foreign earnings are coming... more
Although, the economy of Bangladesh is primarily dependent on agriculture, Readymade Garment (RMG) industry has emerged as the largest earner foreign currency of Bangladesh in recent years. More than 75% of foreign earnings are coming through export from this very important sector of Bangladesh. In study of Islam & Chowdhuri, [1] presently more than four million workers are working in 4,500 RMG companies of Bangladesh in which 90% are illiterate women who are from the rural areas of the country. The policymakers and the employers of this sector claim that the growth of garment sector has helped employing a huge number of rural women that has subsequently developed their socioeconomic. But, it is a concern of the national and internal observers that the compliances like factory laws, industrial relations laws, employment laws, payment of wages laws, ILO standards, ethics applied in this sector are hardly followed by the RMG companies that make the lives of the workers very misery. Sometimes, the female workers are exploited by employing more hours a day without the payment of overtime by capitalizing their illiteracy and submissiveness. Hence, this paper aims at identifying the level of application of the labor laws and the compliances in RMG industry of Bangladesh that is the only protective measures of the large number of female workers of this sector of Bangladesh. A total of 238 workers of this sector were interviewed in this study with a structured questionnaire. Multivariate analysis techniques such as, Factor Analysis and Multiple Regression Analysis were used to analyze the data. Results show that in case of measures for protecting sexual harassment there is a severe problem of the use of the labor laws in this sector followed by physical movement and access control, exit and access path of the company, working hours, and counseling arrangements in the company. This study suggests that the readymade garment companies should address the sexual harassment issue seriously so that the workers will feel safe at their work. They also should focus more on the safety issues, working hours, and counseling of the workers in order to make the working environment more favorable to the workers.
Training Need Assessment (TNA) is a process to identify the gap between current performance and the departmental objectives. It's a diagnostic tool that helps reducing the gap between employee skills and the skills required by the job.... more
Training Need Assessment (TNA) is a process to identify the gap between current performance and the departmental objectives. It's a diagnostic tool that helps reducing the gap between employee skills and the skills required by the job. Effective training need assessment forms the basis or benchmark for determining the effectiveness of the training programs. This study aims at identifying the effectiveness of TNA practices of the private sector banks of Bangladesh. As the respondents are highly qualified and work directly in the HR and Training Departments of the banks, a sample size of 100 was deemed appropriate for this study. The respondent managers were chosen by using convenience sampling method. A structured questionnaire was developed to collect the pertinent information from the HR and Training Managers of 10 leading private sector banks of Bangladesh. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics. Results show that the reasons for declining the performance of the bankers are directly concerned with the lack of positive attitude toward job, lack of motivation and dissatisfaction about the job. Results also show that only few need assessment techniques such as, management audit, interview customers and employees, written tests, assessment centre, survey, and individual development plans are used by the banks to assess the training needs in Bangladesh. This study also identified unavailability of training programs, location of training venue, lack of managerial support, capacity of the trainees, budget of the training, and the length of training programs are the most important hindrances for improving the effectives of the training programs of the banks. It is suggested that the effectiveness of TNA and training programs can be increased by improving training environment, managing organization, service quality, time management, leadership, and increase budgets of the training programs of the private sector banks in Bangladesh.
Banking sector is the most prominent and stable sector compared to other industrial sectors of Bangladesh. At present there are fifty-nine scheduled banks including forty-eight private commercial banks in Bangladesh operating under the... more
Banking sector is the most prominent and stable sector compared to other industrial sectors of Bangladesh. At present there are fifty-nine
scheduled banks including forty-eight private commercial banks in Bangladesh operating under the regulation of the central bank of Bangladesh - Bangladesh Bank. There is a paramount importance of manpower planning of these commercial banks for achieving competitive advantage, banks’ strategic objectives and keeping this sector stable in the economy. The basic function of manpower planning in a bank is to identify the future needs and availability of human resources along with the skills required to perform bank’s activities to achieve their strategic goals. Hence, this paper aims at evaluating the effectiveness of manpower planning practices of the private banks in Bangladesh. This study is based on a survey of 206 employees of different levels of commercial banks of Bangladesh. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the present manpower planning practices of the commercial banking sector of Bangladesh. Inferential statistics like factor analysis and multiple regression analysis were used to identify the relationships between the manpower planning practices and the factors that are concerned with effectiveness of manpower planning practices of the commercial banks in Bangladesh. Results show that Delphi technique and skill inventory practices and key position auditing techniques are the significant manpower planning techniques of the
commercial banks in Bangladesh. Factors like timely planning and audit, evenly distribution of work, addressing job turnover, adequate workload,
and comprehensive recruitment plan are also significantly related to the overall effectiveness of manpower planning practices of the commercial
banks in Bangladesh. This study suggests that the policymakers of the banks of Bangladesh should give importance on timely planning and audit,
evenly distribution of work, addressing job turnover, providing adequate workload, and comprehensive recruitment plan in order to bring
effectiveness of manpower planning practices in the commercial banks of Bangladesh. The policymakers also should adopt Delphi technique and
skill inventory practices, and key position auditing techniques in order to make manpower planning more effective in the banks.
scheduled banks including forty-eight private commercial banks in Bangladesh operating under the regulation of the central bank of Bangladesh - Bangladesh Bank. There is a paramount importance of manpower planning of these commercial banks for achieving competitive advantage, banks’ strategic objectives and keeping this sector stable in the economy. The basic function of manpower planning in a bank is to identify the future needs and availability of human resources along with the skills required to perform bank’s activities to achieve their strategic goals. Hence, this paper aims at evaluating the effectiveness of manpower planning practices of the private banks in Bangladesh. This study is based on a survey of 206 employees of different levels of commercial banks of Bangladesh. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the present manpower planning practices of the commercial banking sector of Bangladesh. Inferential statistics like factor analysis and multiple regression analysis were used to identify the relationships between the manpower planning practices and the factors that are concerned with effectiveness of manpower planning practices of the commercial banks in Bangladesh. Results show that Delphi technique and skill inventory practices and key position auditing techniques are the significant manpower planning techniques of the
commercial banks in Bangladesh. Factors like timely planning and audit, evenly distribution of work, addressing job turnover, adequate workload,
and comprehensive recruitment plan are also significantly related to the overall effectiveness of manpower planning practices of the commercial
banks in Bangladesh. This study suggests that the policymakers of the banks of Bangladesh should give importance on timely planning and audit,
evenly distribution of work, addressing job turnover, providing adequate workload, and comprehensive recruitment plan in order to bring
effectiveness of manpower planning practices in the commercial banks of Bangladesh. The policymakers also should adopt Delphi technique and
skill inventory practices, and key position auditing techniques in order to make manpower planning more effective in the banks.
There is a paramount importance of the Readymade Garments (RMG) industry of Bangladesh as it is the highest contributor in earning foreign exchange for the country. But the industry is facing stiff competition from other RMG producing... more
There is a paramount importance of the Readymade Garments (RMG) industry of Bangladesh as it is the highest contributor in earning foreign exchange for the country. But the industry is facing stiff competition from other RMG producing countries including China, India, and Sri Lanka of the world. Hence, competitiveness especially at the manufacturing level became important for this industry. An efficient Supply Chain Management can increase the competitiveness and the satisfaction of the customers. Nowadays, SCM plays an integral part of a firm's success as it allows firms to quickly deliver products to the end-user for a low cost. Hence, RMG companies have very limited options other than implementing SCM as a strategy in order to remain competitive. This study intends to identify the impediments in applying sound SCM in the RMG industry. A mixed research method with a questionnaire survey has been employed for determining the impediments objectively. Use of descriptive analysis and Kendall Coefficient of Concordance have been made for ranking the challenges. This study found workplace safety, unavailability of raw materials and political instability are the major impediments for SCM applications in the RMG industry of Bangladesh.
Telecom industry is a booming industry in Bangladesh. This industry has seen a tremendous growth in mobile penetration that has exceeded all expectations with over 154 million subscribers as of August 2018 versus only 4 million in 2004.... more
Telecom industry is a booming industry in Bangladesh. This industry has seen a tremendous growth in mobile penetration that has exceeded all expectations with over 154 million subscribers as of August 2018 versus only 4 million in 2004. To ensure sustainable growth of this large industry, the organizations have to recruit and retain their intellectual resources. In this age of highly volatile business environment, telecom companies of Bangladesh are continuously exposed by the job changing attitude of their valued employees. The employees are prone to switch their jobs to make their career advancements rather than focusing on the fundamental development of their organizations. They leave organizations for numerous reasons ranging from financial to personal ambition and in some case supervisor"s behavior, organizational culture and the working environment. Hence, this paper aims at identifying the significant factors that influence employee turnover in telecom industry of Bangladesh. The purpose of the study is to identify the factors that lead to employee turnover in these organizations. To conduct this research, 206 telecom employees at different levels were selected from three largest telecom companies of Bangladesh and interviewed. The sampled companies are: Grameen Phone Ltd, Robi Axiata Ltd, Banglalink Digital Communications Ltd. A structured questionnaire was used to collect primary information which was scored according to the liker-scale. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used in analyzing data collected from survey. Multivariate analysis technique like factor analysis was performed to identify the factors of the turnover intention of the telecom employees in Bangladesh. Multiple regressions were run to identify the relationships between the factors identified and the overall turnover intention of the employees in this sector. The results show that there are seven factors concerning the turnover intension of the telecom sector industry of Bangladesh. The factors are: dishonesty and conflict with the supervisor, fulfillment of personal demand and promotion, supervisor change induces job switch, unfair performance influence turnover, alternative employee affects turnover, geographic location affects turnover decision, and fringe benefits help staying in the company.
Bangladesh is a densely populated country of the world. More than 170 million people live in this country. Mobile banking is a very important and new phenomenon in Bangladesh. In recent years, mobile banking has got highest importance by... more
Bangladesh is a densely populated country of the world. More than 170 million people live in this country. Mobile banking is a very important and new phenomenon in Bangladesh. In recent years, mobile banking has got highest importance by the customers in the country as it provides immense scope for consumers for banking transactions at any time with the option to access bank's facilities anywhere of the country. It is a subset of electronic banking, the use of which is increasing day by day in Bangladesh. Hence, this paper aims at indentifying the factors that influence the customer experience in mobile banking in Bangladesh. This study is based on a survey of 231 mobile banking customers of nine private commercial banks of Bangladesh. Literature review identified some factors related to mobile banking like convenient and responsive system, transaction speed and accuracy, reliability, transaction security in ATM booth and technological difficulty that affect customers' experience in mobile banking systems etc. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the present situation of the mobile banking systems in Bangladesh.
Training and development activities in the banking sector of Bangladesh are quite extensive due to the compliance requirements for the central bank and other banks. These training programmes focus not only on increasing knowledge but also... more
Training and development activities in the banking sector of Bangladesh are quite extensive due to the compliance requirements for the central bank and other banks. These training programmes focus not only on increasing knowledge but also on transferring that knowledge to the job. However, the effectiveness with which training is transferred primarily depends on the motivation to transfer. There is extant research from recent years on the motivation to transfer training in different industries and in this sector. However, little is known about the motivation to transfer training in the banking industry of Bangladesh. Thus, this study attempts to identify the factors that influence the motivation to transfer training in the banking sector of Bangladesh. A sample of 275 employees who obtained training from banks was surveyed using a structured questionnaire. Data were analysed using the structural equation modelling (SEM) technique. The results show that self-efficacy, supervisory support and opportunity to perform have a significant impact on the motivation to transfer training in the banking industry of Bangladesh. This study suggests that the supervisory styles and working environment of banks play the most important role in motivating employees to transfer training in this sector of Bangladesh.
Life insurance business in Bangladesh is growing with a great potential. There are 550,000 life insurance policyholders in the country with per capita policy of 0.00458. Insurance premium per capita is lower (US $1.00) in compared to many... more
Life insurance business in Bangladesh is growing with a great potential. There are 550,000 life insurance policyholders in the country with per capita policy of 0.00458. Insurance premium per capita is lower (US $1.00) in compared to many developing nations. The private sector is greatly dominating (68.15%) the industry at present (Ali 1999). Since 1988, the market share of private life insurance. has dramatically changed and the proportion has turned reverse in ten years (Appendix A). Life insurance in private sector is appreciated by the higher income group while, the public sector is more accepted by the lower and the middle group (Siddiqui, 1995). This inclination of the insured towards private sector is caused by the differences in service quality of insurance companies. In this consideration, insurance companies are required to keep abreast of the quality attributes in order to provide better facilities and services to their customers. But a very few studies have been conducted on service quality of life insurance companies in private sector in Bangladesh. Therefore, the insurers find it difficult to attune the gap between the services the customers require and the services they provide.
This study attempts to identify the factors related to service quality of the banks in Dhaka City of Bangladesh. It identifies the relationship between age, educational background, profession, and length of involvement, types of services... more
This study attempts to identify the factors related to service quality of the banks in Dhaka City of Bangladesh. It identifies the relationship between age, educational background, profession, and length of involvement, types of services obtained by the clients and the service quality factors. An extensive survey of bank clients has been performed with a structured questionnaire to identify the factors. A segmentation of the respondents was made based on the nature of services provided by the banks such as, deposit, lending and other financial services. The sample clients were selected from the branches located in 4 clusters of banks including Motijheel, Gulshan, Dhanmondi, and Uttara of Dhaka City. 404 bank clients were interviewed from Nationalized, Private and Foreign commercial banks. Among the banks, 4 are government, 6 are private and 1 is in foreign sector. In selecting sample, it was assumed that the bank clients of Dhaka City are more sensitive compared to other cities of Bangladesh, as their education level is higher. The sample clients were selected randomly at the banks while interviewing. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used in the analysis. Factor analysis was done to identify the service quality factors of the banks. Correlations between the factors and age, educational background, profession, length of involvement, and types of service obtained were identified to know the relationships. In order to explore the relationship with the overall service quality, multiple regression analysis was performed. Results show that the most important service quality factor of Banks is personal attention to the clients followed by error-free records, safety in transaction, and tangible physical facilities of the bank. It is also found that there is a significant difference between the expected and perceived service quality of public and private banks. A significant correlation between the performance of promises in time and professions of the clients are observed. Perceived service quality factors have significant relationship with the overall service quality of the banks located in Dhaka City which indicates that the factors identified have strong influence on the overall service quality.
In Bangladesh, micro credit programs have positive socioeconomic impact on the rural women borrowers. However, it is perceived that the micro credit programs help the rural women borrowers to survive only and do not help them to develop... more
In Bangladesh, micro credit programs have positive socioeconomic impact on the rural women borrowers. However, it is perceived that the micro credit programs help the rural women borrowers to survive only and do not help them to develop entrepreneurial capabilities. Hence, this paper aims at identifying the factors related to the development of entrepreneurship among the rural women borrowers through micro credit programs. A multivariate analysis technique like Factor Analysis was conducted to identify the entrepreneurship development related factors. Structural equation modeling was used to develop a model of micro credit program and the development of rural women entrepreneurship in Bangladesh. Results show that the financial management skills and the group identity of the women borrowers have significant relationship with the development of rural women entrepreneurship in Bangladesh. The experience from the parent's family of the borrowers and the option limit may also lead to the rural women borrowers to be entrepreneurial.
There is a paramount importance of human resource in a modern organization for its sustainability in future. Without the support of HR, machines remain idle, raw materials lie stacked, money get tied up, and other wings of the... more
There is a paramount importance of human resource in a modern organization for its sustainability in future. Without the support of HR, machines remain idle, raw materials lie stacked, money get tied up, and other wings of the organization crake down. Titas Gas Transmission and Distribution Company Limited (TGTDCL) is the largest state-owned public limited gas company operating in the energy sector of Bangladesh under the corporation of Bangladesh oil, gas and mineral resources (Petrobangla). This company is managed by the ministry of power,
energy and mineral resources of Bangladesh. It is the most important and largest state-run company in terms of revenue earning, employment generation, and poverty alleviation of the country. Therefore, this study aims at evaluating the human resource management (HRM) systems of TGTDCL of Bangladesh. The study reveals that HRM systems of TGTDCL follow Bangladesh Service Rules and unified service rules of Petrobangla. “Service regulations of TGTDCL 1987 and 2008” as well as “Bangladesh Labor Law 2006” are used in this company. There is no unique HRM division as well as comprehensive HRM policy of this organization. The HR related activities are performed partially by the administrative, HRD, and establishment departments. The study also shows that the HRM activities of TGTDCL are still traditional, backdated and not motivating to the skilled, brilliant and efficient employees of the company. There is formal Human Resource and Succession Planning. Although the
management has developed recently Titas gas human resource information systems (HRIS), it has not yet been implemented. The recruitment and selection process is standard but ineffective due to lengthy, irregular, and outdated implementation systems. Scattered informal and formal orientation programs are arranged for the newly
recruited employees. Training is hardly based on training need assessment (TNA). Although the company arranges regular domestic and foreign training, there is hardly formal training policy of the company. The systematic promotion policy exists in the organization but not properly implemented due to the slow implementation process. The performance appraisal system is traditional and not motivating for the skilled employees. The benefits and other packages are as per government rules but far below the market standard. Fringe benefits are more than the
other government employees. The grievance handling procedure is time-consuming and often ineffective. Transfer, leave, and deputations are as per government rules. There is a good peer relation between the management and the trade union. Employees’ welfare, safety and security measures are satisfactory compared to other government organizations. This study suggests that strategic HR planning, effective HRIS, formal job description should be developed through job analysis. Recruitment and selection process, TNA, training manual, career planning, effective and updated promotion policy, performance appraisal systems, transfer, deputation, employee discipline and grievance handling procedures, and employee welfare policies are to be improved by the policymakers to
improve the productivity of this company.
energy and mineral resources of Bangladesh. It is the most important and largest state-run company in terms of revenue earning, employment generation, and poverty alleviation of the country. Therefore, this study aims at evaluating the human resource management (HRM) systems of TGTDCL of Bangladesh. The study reveals that HRM systems of TGTDCL follow Bangladesh Service Rules and unified service rules of Petrobangla. “Service regulations of TGTDCL 1987 and 2008” as well as “Bangladesh Labor Law 2006” are used in this company. There is no unique HRM division as well as comprehensive HRM policy of this organization. The HR related activities are performed partially by the administrative, HRD, and establishment departments. The study also shows that the HRM activities of TGTDCL are still traditional, backdated and not motivating to the skilled, brilliant and efficient employees of the company. There is formal Human Resource and Succession Planning. Although the
management has developed recently Titas gas human resource information systems (HRIS), it has not yet been implemented. The recruitment and selection process is standard but ineffective due to lengthy, irregular, and outdated implementation systems. Scattered informal and formal orientation programs are arranged for the newly
recruited employees. Training is hardly based on training need assessment (TNA). Although the company arranges regular domestic and foreign training, there is hardly formal training policy of the company. The systematic promotion policy exists in the organization but not properly implemented due to the slow implementation process. The performance appraisal system is traditional and not motivating for the skilled employees. The benefits and other packages are as per government rules but far below the market standard. Fringe benefits are more than the
other government employees. The grievance handling procedure is time-consuming and often ineffective. Transfer, leave, and deputations are as per government rules. There is a good peer relation between the management and the trade union. Employees’ welfare, safety and security measures are satisfactory compared to other government organizations. This study suggests that strategic HR planning, effective HRIS, formal job description should be developed through job analysis. Recruitment and selection process, TNA, training manual, career planning, effective and updated promotion policy, performance appraisal systems, transfer, deputation, employee discipline and grievance handling procedures, and employee welfare policies are to be improved by the policymakers to
improve the productivity of this company.
The paper investigates the relationships of remittance with credit disbursement of the banking sector in Bangladesh. The major portion of the remittance in Bangladesh is transferred through different banks as official channel. Besides,... more
The paper investigates the relationships of remittance with credit disbursement of the banking sector in Bangladesh. The major portion of the remittance in Bangladesh is transferred through different banks as official channel. Besides, remittance recipient families transfer a portion of the remittance in the deposit accounts of different commercial banks. This two-way process helps to increase the liquidity position of the bank that enables them to increase the credit disbursement position of the banks. Moreover, the use of this loan by the business entrepreneurs indirectly helps economic development of Bangladesh. This study uses time series econometric techniques with monthly data spanning from 1976 to 2012 to explore the relationships between the remittances and the credit disbursements of the banks. The findings of the study clearly show that remittances assist to enhance the amount of credit disbursements of the banking sector in Bangladesh. The normalized co-integrating coefficients are found statistically significant and show a stable and positive relationship between the variables under this study. Finally, Granger causality analysis suggests the existence of bidirectional causality between remittances and credit disbursements.
In recent times, Bangladesh has faced serious housing problems, especially for people who live in cities. In response, this study examines the relationship between housing expenses, affordability, service quality, hygienic conditions, and... more
In recent times, Bangladesh has faced serious housing problems, especially for people who live in cities. In response, this study examines the relationship between housing expenses, affordability, service quality, hygienic conditions, and community attachment and residents' satisfaction, respectively. A questionnaire-based survey was carried out with customers in the major parts of Dhaka, Bangladesh. In addition to descriptive analysis, other statistical analyses, such as exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and a structural equation modeling approach were used to test the hypotheses. The findings reveal that there is a strong relationship between services provided by the private companies and residents' satisfaction, with hygienic conditions playing a major role. This study also confirms a significant relationship between housing expenses and residents' satisfaction when affordability plays a mediating role. This study is the first of its kind, to the best of our knowledge, conducted on the customers of the Bangladeshi housing industry. The contribution of this study is the construction of a research theoretical framework that potentially highlights the perceived satisfaction or dissatisfaction of residents with the facilities provided by the private apartment owners in Bangladesh.
Readymade Garment Industry is the most important sector of earning foreign currencies that strengthen the economy of Bangladesh for the last couple of decades. At the same time this industry opened a new door of employment for the rural... more
Readymade Garment Industry is the most important sector of earning foreign currencies that strengthen the economy of Bangladesh for the last couple of decades. At the same time this industry opened a new door of employment for the rural marginal people. The working environment of the garment factories is not congenial to health and the income level of the workers in this industry is very poor to keep up their minimum living requirements in the society. As a result, the workers in the readymade garment industry are not physically and mentally sound to do the work efficiently. Keeping this in mind, the study has been conducted to identify the major health problems of the workers in the garment industry of Bangladesh. In this study 265 workers have been interviewed personally and collected data have been analyzed through factor analysis to identify the major health problems of the workers derived from the working environment and the nature of their job. This study identified fourteen major health problems of the workers. They are pain in body muscles, complexity arises from abortion, food poisoning, pruritus, eye stain, neck pain, hepatitis, frequent headache, cut injury, fatigue, common cold, numbness and tingling of fingers and arms, gastric pain and helminthiasis. The government along with other concern bodies should take necessary action to overcome the health problems of the workers so that they can contribute more for the development of the readymade garment industry of Bangladesh.
For the last two decades, Ready-Made Garment (RMG) Industry has been the life-blood of the economy of Bangladesh. This sector accounted for about 80% of the total export earnings of the country. In the recent years, it has been observed... more
For the last two decades, Ready-Made Garment (RMG) Industry has been the life-blood of the economy of Bangladesh. This sector accounted for about 80% of the total export earnings of the country. In the recent years, it has been observed that the workers have came down in the street and making insurgence on their demand and tried to destruct public properties. As a result, companies are losing working-hours and production targets. It also hampers export earnings and the image of the country to the international markets. In this connection, this study tried to find out the factors behind the unrest in the ready-made garment industry of Bangladesh and identifies some measures to improve the situation. In this study, 244 workers were interviewed from the different garment factories located in Savar and Gazipur district of Bangladesh. Data were analyzed with factor analysis, regression model, and by using other suitable statistical tools. The results show that the main causes of labor unrest include lack of minimum facility and safety at work, substandard living conditions, deferred payment of wages and benefits, international conspiracy and coercive role of the law enforcing agency, too much dependency on buyers, pressures from the workers and local terrorists, use of workers by others and rumors, un-fulfillment of education demands of their children, distorted minded workers, political instability of the country, too much workload, lack of promotion opportunity, insufficient wages to survive etc. If the policy makers of Bangladesh consider these causes and make policies to overcome the problems the labor unrest in garment sector may be minimized.
The tremendous increase of the use of mobile phones in Bangladesh by the young users has expanded the cellular phones market that has also attracted the attention of the foreign investors. This article attempts to investigate underlying... more
The tremendous increase of the use of mobile phones in Bangladesh by the young users has expanded the cellular phones market that has also attracted the attention of the foreign investors. This article attempts to investigate underlying sets of consumer motives for using cellular phones in Bangladesh. A primary survey was conducted among 157 young Bangladeshi mobile phone users aged from 20 to 30 years reside in Dhaka city. Structured questionnaire was used to interview the respondents. Factor analysis was conducted to identify the factors for using cellular phones in Bangladeshi young mobile phone users. Results show that there are five important factors that are considered by the Bangladeshi young mobile phone users. The factors are concerned with value added services, social connectivity, connection with the family, obtaining information on foreign education and facing emergency situation. This study also identified five different patterns of possible segmentation of cellular phone users that is, conscious, connective, communicative, continental and contingent and constitute the basis for strategic positioning.
For the last two decades, Ready-Made Garment (RMG) Industry has been the life-blood of the economy of Bangladesh. This sector accounted for about 80% of the total export earnings of the country. In the recent years, it has been observed... more
For the last two decades, Ready-Made Garment (RMG) Industry has been the life-blood of the economy of Bangladesh. This sector accounted for about 80% of the total export earnings of the country. In the recent years,
it has been observed that the workers have came down in the street and making insurgence on their demand and tried to destruct public properties. As a result, companies are losing working-hours and production targets. It also hampers export earnings and the image of the country to the international markets. In this connection, this study tried to find out the factors behind the unrest in the ready-made garment industry of Bangladesh and identifies some measures to improve the situation. In this study, 244 workers were interviewed from the different garment factories located in Savar and Gazipur district of Bangladesh. Data were analyzed with factor analysis, regression model, and by using other suitable statistical tools. The results show that the main causes of
labor unrest include lack of minimum facility and safety at work, sub-standard living conditions, deferred payment of wages and benefits, international conspiracy and coercive role of the law enforcing agency, too
much dependency on buyers, pressures from the workers and local terrorists, use of workers by others and rumors, un-fulfillment of education demands of their children, distorted minded workers, political instability of
the country, too much workload, lack of promotion opportunity, insufficient wages to survive etc. If the policy makers of Bangladesh consider these causes and make policies to overcome the problems the labor unrest in
garment sector may be minimized.
it has been observed that the workers have came down in the street and making insurgence on their demand and tried to destruct public properties. As a result, companies are losing working-hours and production targets. It also hampers export earnings and the image of the country to the international markets. In this connection, this study tried to find out the factors behind the unrest in the ready-made garment industry of Bangladesh and identifies some measures to improve the situation. In this study, 244 workers were interviewed from the different garment factories located in Savar and Gazipur district of Bangladesh. Data were analyzed with factor analysis, regression model, and by using other suitable statistical tools. The results show that the main causes of
labor unrest include lack of minimum facility and safety at work, sub-standard living conditions, deferred payment of wages and benefits, international conspiracy and coercive role of the law enforcing agency, too
much dependency on buyers, pressures from the workers and local terrorists, use of workers by others and rumors, un-fulfillment of education demands of their children, distorted minded workers, political instability of
the country, too much workload, lack of promotion opportunity, insufficient wages to survive etc. If the policy makers of Bangladesh consider these causes and make policies to overcome the problems the labor unrest in
garment sector may be minimized.
The growth of online shopping is increasing at a rapid rate in Malaysia by replacing traditional store shopping habit of of the substantial number of of consumers. The purpose of the research is to investigate the factors that are... more
The growth of online shopping is increasing at a rapid rate in Malaysia by replacing traditional store shopping habit of of the substantial number of of consumers. The purpose of the research is to investigate the factors that are influencing consumer’s online shopping intention in Malaysia. This research proposes a research framework on online shopping by refereeing various influential factors which are antecedents of online
shopping in Malaysia. The framework of this study was based on the constructs generated from Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). In total 250 valid respondent’s response were gathered through self-administered survey. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and multiple regression analysis were employed to identify the factors that are influencing online shopping under Malaysian context. From the statistical results it was discovered that perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEOU) have
positive influenced on online shopping in Malaysia. It is is expected that result from this study can help online vendors to draw the further strategy to attract more consumers through online shopping under Malaysian context.
shopping in Malaysia. The framework of this study was based on the constructs generated from Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). In total 250 valid respondent’s response were gathered through self-administered survey. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and multiple regression analysis were employed to identify the factors that are influencing online shopping under Malaysian context. From the statistical results it was discovered that perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEOU) have
positive influenced on online shopping in Malaysia. It is is expected that result from this study can help online vendors to draw the further strategy to attract more consumers through online shopping under Malaysian context.
This paper aims at identifying the relationships between the psychological contract of the employees and the working environment of Citycell and Teletalk companies in Bangladesh. Eighty executives from City Cell, a private company, and... more
This paper aims at identifying the relationships between the psychological contract of the employees and the working environment of Citycell and Teletalk companies in Bangladesh. Eighty executives from City Cell, a private company, and Teletalk, a government company, were interviewed with a structured questionnaire, in which thirteen items were used to identify the working environment and 16 items were used to explain the psychological contract. Factor analysis was conducted to identify the factors relating to psychological contract and the working environment. Results show that there are five factors of psychological contract-such as recommend company as career, company policy and procedures, respect for individual differences, satisfaction with recognition as an individual, and value and encouraged perspective of the employees. The five factors relating to the working environment are training, goals and strategies of the company, flexible programme, opportunity to interact with others, and supervision-style of the management. The relationships between working environment and psychological contract were identified by the Spearman's Rank Correlation analysis of the factors. Results show that there are 4 pairs of factors where significant correlations are present. The factor pairs are (i) respect for individual differences and goals and strategies of the company (ii) respect for individual differences and supervision style (iii) satisfaction with the recognition as an individual and training, and (iv) satisfaction with the recognition as an individual and goals and strategies of the company.
Empowerment of rural women in developing countries can reduce gender inequality and improve their social status. This paper sought to identify the determinants of empowerment of rural women in Bangladesh. The data for our study were... more
Empowerment of rural women in developing countries can reduce gender inequality and improve their social status. This paper sought to identify the determinants of empowerment of rural women in Bangladesh. The data for our study were collected from 75 rural women employed in home-based poultry rearing projects in Bangladesh. We conducted factor analysis to identify the determinants of empowerment of rural women. Multiple regression analysis indicated that independent decision making authority and increased involvement in family affairs were significantly associated with the empowerment of rural women. The implications of the findings of this study for improving the quality of life of rural women in Bangladesh are discussed.
Women’s leadership development in entrepreneurial business is critical to improving women’s participation in management and businesses in Bangladesh. Research shows that only seven percent of all business establishments in Bangladesh are... more
Women’s leadership development in entrepreneurial business is critical to improving women’s participation in management and businesses in Bangladesh. Research shows that only seven percent of all business establishments in Bangladesh are women-owned and women-headed.
This limited ownership and development of women’s leadership behavior is a clear gap to be filled. Thus, the study aims to identify women’s leadership behavioral factors (WLBFs) and examine the causal relationship between WLBFs and women’s leadership behavior practices (WLBPs) in line with path–goal leadership theory. We conducted causal research, applying systematic sampling techniques in selecting participants and conducting interviews with 366 women entrepreneurs from the Bangladesh Women Chamber of Commerce and Industries database under seven administrative divisional headquarters. We analyzed data through exploratory factor analysis and structural equation
modeling techniques. The results show that the factors internal to women as entrepreneurs (including entrepreneurial attitude, intentions, and workplace learning culture), the factors external to women
as entrepreneurs (such as training and education), and socio-cultural factors are significantly related to the development of WLBPs. The external organizational behavior context was not significant. WLBPs
help develop directive, supportive, participatory, and achievement-oriented leadership practices among women entrepreneurs in Bangladesh. This study suggests that policymakers, implementing managers, training service providers, and women entrepreneurs focus on entrepreneurial attitude, intention, education and skills development training, workplace learning culture, and socio-cultural support among women entrepreneurs in Bangladesh.
This limited ownership and development of women’s leadership behavior is a clear gap to be filled. Thus, the study aims to identify women’s leadership behavioral factors (WLBFs) and examine the causal relationship between WLBFs and women’s leadership behavior practices (WLBPs) in line with path–goal leadership theory. We conducted causal research, applying systematic sampling techniques in selecting participants and conducting interviews with 366 women entrepreneurs from the Bangladesh Women Chamber of Commerce and Industries database under seven administrative divisional headquarters. We analyzed data through exploratory factor analysis and structural equation
modeling techniques. The results show that the factors internal to women as entrepreneurs (including entrepreneurial attitude, intentions, and workplace learning culture), the factors external to women
as entrepreneurs (such as training and education), and socio-cultural factors are significantly related to the development of WLBPs. The external organizational behavior context was not significant. WLBPs
help develop directive, supportive, participatory, and achievement-oriented leadership practices among women entrepreneurs in Bangladesh. This study suggests that policymakers, implementing managers, training service providers, and women entrepreneurs focus on entrepreneurial attitude, intention, education and skills development training, workplace learning culture, and socio-cultural support among women entrepreneurs in Bangladesh.
There is a paramount importance of Human Resource in a modern organization for its sustainability in future. Without the support of HR, machines remain idle, raw materials lie stacked, money get tied up, and other wings of the... more
There is a paramount importance of Human Resource in a modern organization for its sustainability in future. Without the support of HR, machines remain idle, raw materials lie stacked, money get tied up, and other wings of the organization crake down. Titas Gas Transmission and Distribution Company Limited (TGTDCL) is the largest state-owned public limited gas company operating in the energy sector of Bangladesh under the Corporation of Bangladesh Oil, Gas and Mineral Resources (Petrobangla). This company is managed by the Ministry of Power, Energy and Mineral Resources of Bangladesh. It is the most important and largest state-run company in terms of revenue earning, employment generation, and poverty alleviation of the country. Therefore, this study aims at evaluating the HRM systems of TGTDCL of Bangladesh. The study reveals that HRM systems of TGTDCL follow Bangladesh Service Rules (BSR) and unified service rules of Petrobangla. 'Service Regulations of TGTDCL 1987 and 2008' as well as 'Bangladesh Labor Law 2006' are used in this company. There is no unique HRM division as well as comprehensive HRM policy of this organization. The HR related activities are performed partially by the administrative, HRD and establishment departments. Study also shows that the HRM activities of TGTDCL are still traditional, backdated and not motivating to the skilled, brilliant and efficient employees of the company. There is formal Human Resource and Succession Planning. Although, the management has developed recently Titas Gas Human Resource Information Systems (HRIS) but it has not yet been implemented. The recruitment and selection process is standard but ineffective due to lengthy, irregular, and outdated implementation systems. Scattered informal and formal orientation programs are arranged for the newly recruited employees. Training is hardly based on Training Need Assessment (TNA). Although, the company arranges regular domestic and foreign training but there is hardly formal training policy of the company. The systematic promotion policy exists in the organization but not properly implemented due to the slow implementation process. Performance appraisal system is traditional and not motivating for the skilled employees. The benefits and other packages are as per government rules but far below the market standard. Fringe benefits are more than the other government employees. The grievance handling procedure is time consuming and often ineffective. Transfer, leave, and deputations are as per government rules. There is a good peer relation between the management and the trade union. Employees' welfare, safety and security measures are satisfactory compared to other government organizations. This study suggests that strategic HR planning, effective HRIS, formal job description should be developed thorough job analysis. Recruitment and selection process, Training Need Assessment, training manual, career planning, effective and updated promotion policy, performance appraisal systems, transfer, 2 deputation, employee discipline and grievance handling procedures and employee welfare policies are to be improved by the policymakers to improve the productivity of this company.
This paper examines the level of job satisfaction of insurance employees in Bangladesh. It shows that job satisfaction factors are associated with the overall satisfaction of insurance employees. Factors including recognition, task... more
This paper examines the level of job satisfaction of insurance employees in Bangladesh. It shows that job satisfaction factors are associated with the overall satisfaction of insurance employees. Factors including recognition, task significance, pride in work, bureaucracy and conflicts are improving job satisfaction of insurance employees in Bangladesh.
The study on job satisfaction of the senior level executives of Bangladesh showed that other than work itself there is not many strong motivating forces present to satisfy the executives. Both male and female executives have confirmed... more
The study on job satisfaction of the senior level executives of Bangladesh showed that other than work itself there is not many strong motivating forces present to satisfy the executives. Both male and female executives have confirmed that their companies recognize their good works and they are also clear about the goals of their organizations. It is noted that there is hardly any gender difference regarding job satisfaction, even though, there is less scope of promotion possibility in most of the organizations. Both male and female executives expressed relatively higher level of agreement about their liking of coworkers and enjoying their jobs and company, suggesting less sex discrimination, though they mildly agreed that there is bickering and fighting at work. Regarding satisfaction on benefits received the male executives are found somewhat less satisfied compared to the female executives. Interestingly enough both the groups have indicated that there are benefits, which they don't enjoy at present, but they should have those benefits in future and should be given more frequently than the current practice. It is noted that there exists red-tapism in the organization. Both the groups preferred to choose an indifferent view on their opportunity for advancement and payments received from the company. A higher level of agreement on the part of male executives on good communication in their organization may be explained by the fact that because of social and cultural reasons female executives may not enjoy easy and direct communication access compared to their male counterpart even in the office set up.
This paper attempts to identify the empowerment factors of rural women through homestead poultry rearing in Bangladesh. To identify the empowerment factors, 75 rural women involved in poultry rearing practices were interviewed with a... more
This paper attempts to identify the empowerment factors of rural women through homestead poultry rearing in Bangladesh. To identify the empowerment factors, 75 rural women involved in poultry rearing practices were interviewed with a structured questionnaire. Factor analysis has been performed to identify the empowerment factors. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify the relationships between the empowerment factors and the overall empowerment of the rural women. Results show that the homestead poultry rearing practice empowers rural women through decreased husband's influence on wives, increased independence for spending money, increased self-decision making authority, increased involvement in family affairs, increased control over the poultry business and increased importance in the family. The results also show that there is a significant relationship between the empowerment factors and the overall empowerment of rural women. This study suggests that the higher the level of self-decision making authority and increased involvement in family affairs, the higher the level of empowerment will likely be.
The development of entrepreneurship in Bangladesh is very challenging and cumbersome especially for woman. It is barred by a number of factors concerned with social, economic, cultural, environmental, and personal in nature. Women who are... more
The development of entrepreneurship in Bangladesh is very challenging and cumbersome especially for woman. It is barred by a number of factors concerned with social, economic, cultural, environmental, and personal in nature. Women who are enjoying favorable environment in this regard have the chance to be entrepreneurs. Hence, this study aims at identifying the factors that influence the development of women entrepreneurship in Bangladesh. The specific objective of this study is to identify the factors that help in developing women entrepreneurs especially in SME sector of Bangladesh. A thorough literature has been reviewed to identify the factors and based on it a model for the development of women entrepreneurship has been constructed. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used in analyzing the data. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the situation and inferential statistics were used to identify the relationships among the factors. Factor analysis was conducted to separate the factors related to the development of women entrepreneurship while multiple regression analysis has been used to identify the significant factors related to it. The results show that there are eleven factors concerned with the development of women entrepreneurship in Bangladesh. The factors are: negotiation and bargaining skills, management of sales, self-awareness, long-term involvement in business, and training on business are significantly related to the overall development of women entrepreneurship in Bangladesh. This study suggests that the policymakers should focus more on the development of negotiation and management skills of the women entrepreneurs through different training programs that will also increase the awareness of the women entrepreneurs of Bangladesh.
Readymade garment industry is the prime sector of foreign earnings of Bangladesh. There are more than 4,500 garment companies are operating in Bangladesh. More than 80% of the foreign earnings are coming from this sector. At present, four... more
Readymade garment industry is the prime sector of foreign earnings of Bangladesh. There are more than 4,500 garment companies are operating in Bangladesh. More than 80% of the foreign earnings are coming from this sector. At present, four million workers are working in this sector in which 90% are rural women. It is claimed by the employers that the garment companies have helped to develop the socioeconomic status of the rural women employed in this sector. Hence, this paper aims at identifying the socioeconomic status factors of the garment workers of Bangladesh. This study suggests that housing, water and sanitation conditions, medical facilities and first aid treatment, wages, social status, adaptation of cultural values and norms, attachment with labor unions, ownership arrangement, leave with pay and overtime are significantly related to the socioeconomic status of the garments workers of Bangladesh. This study recommends that the measures for improving the socioeconomic status of the women workers are related to the improvement of their housing conditions, education, health and sanitation, and the favorable service rules for the women workers.
Due to the development of private sector universities in Bangladesh, a large number of students are studying at the undergraduate and graduate programs of private universities of Bangladesh. These students are being educated in different... more
Due to the development of private sector universities in Bangladesh, a large number of students are studying at the undergraduate and graduate programs of private universities of Bangladesh. These students are being educated in different disciplines including business studies, science and technology, arts and social sciences. But the effectiveness of the education depends on the use of information technology in classroom teaching and evaluation of the performance of the students. This study only focuses on the impact of IT use on the teachers' behaviors. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used in this study. Descriptive statistics were used to explain the private university educational environment and inferential statistics such as, Factor Analysis was used to identify the factors related to the behavior of the university teachers concerning the use of information technology. Multiple Regressions analysis was used to identify the relationships between the factors and the overall impact of IT-use on the behavior of the university teachers. Results show that there are eleven factors concerning teacher's behavior such as,willingness of the IT staff and up-to-date IT facilities, use of computer and internet facilities, summing up lecture, use of OHP and online portal, use of grade calculator and face book, availability of IT staff, computer literacy of the students, script checking and feedback, use of multimedia in lecture, updating lecture notes, and evaluation of IQ level of the students. The factors including willingness of the IT staff and the updated IT facilities, summing up lecture, use of OHP and online portal, availability of IT staff, computer literacy of the students, script checking and feedback, use of multimedia in lecture, and evaluation of IQ level of the students are significantly related to the overall impact of the IT-use on the university teacher's behaviors in Bangladesh. The factors such as, use of computers and internet facilities, use of grade calculator and face book, and updating lecture notes are not significantly related to the overall impact of IT-use on the university teacher's behaviors in Bangladesh. This study suggests that the use of IT will significantly enhance the effectiveness of learning of the private university students in Bangladesh if the factors including willingness of the IT staff and up-to-date IT facilities, IT competency of the students, and use of IT at all levels of teaching and evaluation of the students are emphasized by the policy makers of the private universities in Bangladesh.Keywords: University IT Facility, Willingness of the IT Staff, IT Competency of the Students, OSP & Online Portal. Impact of the Use of Information Technology on University Teachers' Behaviors in Bangladesh (PDF) Impact of Informational Technology Used in Teaching-Learning Process on the Behavior of Private University Students’ in Bangladesh.
Information technology has changed the business operations by simplifying the departmental activities especially Human Resources (HR) activities. However, application of IT sometimes ignores the prospective consequences on employee'... more
Information technology has changed the business operations by simplifying the departmental activities especially Human Resources (HR) activities. However, application of IT sometimes ignores the prospective consequences on employee' attitudes and behaviors. This study aims to identify the impact of E-recruiting systems on HR professionals' attitude towards its use, affective commitment to change and turnover intention. Incorporating the modified Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), this paper establishes the impact of technology implementation on HR professionals attitude that influences their intention to quit through affective organizational commitment to change. A sample of 163 HR professionals of a large manufacturing firm has been been collected by using a structured questionnaire. To test the hypotheses, the Partial Least Squares (PLS) path modeling has been applied using SmartPLS software. Results show that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, perceived enjoyment, and computer self-efficacy positively influence the attitude of the HR professionals toward suing e-Recruiting Systems. Furthermore, employees affective organizational commitment to change mediated the influence of attitude toward using e-recruiting systems on turnover intention. The findings suggest that the implementation of e-recruitment influences HR professionals attitude toward using the systems that further enhances their affective commitment to change. Proper communication and training prior to HRIS implementation may be suggested to avoid the negative consequences of HRIS implementation.
Private sector banks are important segments of the economy of Bangladesh. This sector has already been recognized as a significant industry for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) of Bangladesh. However, managing private... more
Private sector banks are important segments of the economy of Bangladesh. This sector has already been recognized as a significant industry for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) of Bangladesh. However, managing private organizations has become very challenging due to highly competitive market and higher level of employee turnover especially in the private banking sector. It is observed that to attain the competitive advantage, private bank employees are undertaking heavy workload that leads to higher level of stress at work and is increasing turnover intention among the employees. This study has been designed to explore the factors that are accountable to create stress among the private bank employees in Bangladesh which are creating turnover intention among them. Hence, this study identified the relationships between job stress factors and the increase of turnover intensions among the bank employees in Bangladesh. A total of 206 bank employees at different levels of the banks were interviewed from ten private commercial banks of Bangladesh. A structured questionnaire was designed through literature review to collect the information from the respondent employees. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Multivariate analysis techniques were used to identify the work stress factors having influence on the turnover intention among the private bank employees in Bangladesh. Results show that there are four stress factors that increase the turnover tension among the private bank employees in Bangladesh such as, (i) long hours and fast work, (ii) clearness of goals and objectives of work, (iii) workload and change in mindset, and (iv) flexibility at work. This study suggests that the policymakers of the private commercial banks should address the issues like long hours and fast work, clearness of goals and objectives of work, workload and change in mindset and flexibility at work for reducing turnover intensions of the bank employees in Bangladesh.
Private sector banks are important segments of the economy of Bangladesh. This sector has already been recognized as a significant industry for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) of Bangladesh. However, managing private... more
Private sector banks are important segments of the economy of Bangladesh. This sector has already been recognized as a significant industry for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) of Bangladesh. However, managing private organizations has become very challenging due to highly competitive market and higher level of employee turnover especially in the private banking sector. It is observed that to attain the competitive advantage, private bank employees are undertaking heavy workload that leads to higher level of stress at work and is increasing turnover intention among the employees. This study has been designed to explore the factors that are accountable to create stress among the private bank employees in Bangladesh, which are creating turnover intension among them. Hence, this study identified the relationships between job stress factors and the increase of turnover intensions among the bank employees in Bangladesh. A total of 206 bank employees at different levels of the banks were interviewed from ten private commercial banks of Bangladesh. A structured questionnaire was designed through literature review to collect the information from the respondent employees. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Multivariate analysis techniques were used to identify the work stress factors having influence on the turnover intention among the private bank employees in Bangladesh. Results show that there are four stress factors that increase the turnover tension among the private bank employees in Bangladesh such as, long hours and fast work, clearness of goals and objectives of work, workload and change in mindset and flexibility at work. This study suggests that the policymakers of the private commercial banks will address the issues like long hours and fast work, clearness of goals and objectives of work, workload and change in mindset and flexibility at work for the positive change in turnover intension of the bank employees in Bangladesh.
Although, the economy of Bangladesh is primarily dependent on agriculture, Readymade Garment (RMG) industry has emerged as the largest earner of foreign income of Bangladesh in recent years. More than 75% of foreign earnings are coming... more
Although, the economy of Bangladesh is primarily dependent on agriculture, Readymade Garment (RMG) industry has emerged as the largest earner of foreign income of Bangladesh in recent years. More than 75% of foreign earnings are coming from this very important sector of Bangladesh. Presently, more than four million workers are working in 4,500 RMG companies in which 90% are illiterate women came from the rural areas of Bangladesh (Islam & Muntaquimul Bari Chowdhuri, 2014). The policymakers and the employers of this sector claim that the growth of garment sector has helped employing a huge number of rural women that has subsequently developed their socioeconomic status in Bangladesh. But, it is a concern of the national and internal observers that the labor laws and other compliances like factory laws, industrial relations laws, employment laws, payment of wages laws, ILO standards, ethics applied in this sector are hardly followed by the RMG companies which are making the lives of these workers very difficult. Sometimes, these workers are exploited by employing more hours a day without the payment of overtime by capitalizing their illiteracy and submissiveness. Hence, this paper aims at identifying the level of application of the labor laws and other compliances in RMG industry of Bangladesh that is the only protective measures of this large number of female workers of this important sector of Bangladesh. A total of 238 workers of this sector were interviewed in this study with a structured questionnaire. Multivariate analysis techniques such as, Factor Analysis and Multiple Regression Analysis were used to analyze the data collected from the workers on the application of labor laws and other compliances of these companies. The results show that in case of measures for protecting sexual harassment there is a severe problem of the use of the labor laws in this sector followed by physical movement and access control of workers, exit and access path of the company, working hours, and counseling arrangements in the company. This study suggests that the readymade garment companies should address the sexual harassment issue seriously so that the workers will feel safe at their work. They also should focus more on the safety issues, working hours and counseling of the workers in order to make the working environment more favorable to the workers.
Due to the development of private sector universities in Bangladesh, a large number of students are studying at the undergraduate and graduate programs of private universities of Bangladesh. These students are being educated in different... more
Due to the development of private sector universities in Bangladesh, a large number of students are studying at the undergraduate and graduate programs of private universities of Bangladesh. These students are being educated in different disciplines including business studies, science and technology, arts and social sciences. But the effectiveness of the education depends on the use of information technology in classroom teaching and evaluation of the performance of the students. This study only focuses on the impact of IT use on the teachers' behaviors. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used in this study. Descriptive statistics were used to explain the private university educational environment and inferential statistics such as, Factor Analysis was used to identify the factors related to the behavior of the university teachers concerning the use of information technology. Multiple Regressions analysis was used to identify the relationships between the factors and the overall impact of IT-use on the behavior of the university teachers. Results show that there are eleven factors concerning teacher'sbehavior such as,willingness of the IT staff and up-to-date IT facilities, use of computer and internet facilities, summing up lecture, use of OSP and online portal, use of grade calculator and face book, availability of IT staff, computer literacy of the students, script checking and feedback, use of multimedia in lecture, updating lecture notes, and evaluation of IQ level of the students. The factors including willingness of the IT staff and the updated IT facilities, summing up lecture, use of OSP and online portal, availability of IT staff, computer literacy of the students, script checking and feedback, use of multimedia in lecture, and evaluation of IQ level of the students are significantly related to the overall impact of the IT-use on the university teacher's behaviors in Bangladesh. The factors such as, use of computers and internet facilities, use of grade calculator and face book, and updating lecture notes are not significantly related to the overall impact of IT-use on the university teacher's behaviors in Bangladesh. This study suggests that the use of IT will significantly enhance the effectiveness of learning of the private university students in Bangladesh if the factors including willingness of the IT staff and up-to-date IT facilities, IT competency of the students, and use of IT at all levels of teaching and evaluation of the students are emphasized by the policy makers of the private universities in Bangladesh.
This paper attempts to identify the empowerment factors of rural women through homestead poultry rearing in Bangladesh. To identify the empowerment factors, 75 rural women involved in poultry rearing practices were interviewed with a... more
This paper attempts to identify the empowerment factors of rural women through homestead poultry rearing in Bangladesh. To identify the empowerment factors, 75 rural women involved in poultry rearing practices were interviewed with a structured questionnaire. Factor analysis has been performed to identify the empowerment factors. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify the relationships between the empowerment factors and the overall empowerment of the rural women. Results show that the homestead poultry rearing practice empowers rural women through decreased husband's influence on wives, increased independence for spending money, increased self-decision making authority, increased involvement in family affairs, increased control over the poultry business and increased importance in the family. The results also show that there is a significant relationship between the empowerment factors and the overall empowerment of rural women. This study suggests that the higher the level of self-decision making authority and increased involvement in family affairs, the higher the level of empowerment will likely be.
The study on job satisfaction of the senior level executives of Bangladesh showed that other than work itself there is not many strong motivating forces present to satisfy the executives. Both male and female executives have confirmed... more
The study on job satisfaction of the senior level executives of Bangladesh showed that other than work itself there is not many strong motivating forces present to satisfy the executives. Both male and female executives have confirmed that their companies recognize their good works and they are also clear about the goals of their organizations. It is noted that there is hardly any gender difference regarding job satisfaction, even though, there is less scope of promotion possibility in most of the organizations. Both male and female executives expressed relatively higher level of agreement about their liking of coworkers and enjoying their jobs and company, suggesting less sex discrimination, though they mildly agreed that there is bickering and fighting at work. Regarding satisfaction on benefits received the male executives are found somewhat less satisfied compared to the female executives. Interestingly enough both the groups have indicated that there are benefits, which they don't enjoy at present, but they should have those benefits in future and should be given more frequently than the current practice. It is noted that there exists red-tapism in the organization. Both the groups preferred to choose an indifferent view on their opportunity for advancement and payments received from the company. A higher level of agreement on the part of male executives on good communication in their organization may be explained by the fact that because of social and cultural reasons female executives may not enjoy easy and direct communication access compared to their male counterpart even in the office set up.
This paper examines the level of job satisfaction of insurance employees in Bangladesh. It shows that job satisfaction factors are associated with the overall satisfaction of insurance employees. Factors including recognition, task... more
This paper examines the level of job satisfaction of insurance employees in Bangladesh. It shows that job satisfaction factors are associated with the overall satisfaction of insurance employees. Factors including recognition, task significance, pride in work, bureaucracy and conflicts are improving job satisfaction of insurance employees in Bangladesh.
The operating performance of nationalized general insurance company of Bangladesh, known as Shadharan Bima Corporation (SBC), has consistently deteriorated since 1983. SBC is becoming more dependent on underwriting of re-insurable... more
The operating performance of nationalized general insurance company of Bangladesh, known as Shadharan Bima Corporation (SBC), has consistently deteriorated since 1983. SBC is becoming more dependent on underwriting of re-insurable business of all private insurance companies. They have also gradually shifted their investment from relatively higher income generating investment (share, debenture) to lower income-generating investments( deposits). This is mainly due to SBC's inability to respond to the changes in the market, government policy and overall environment. They still logged in with the state owned enterprises' characteristics of inefficiency, lack of challenging attitude, resistance to change, negative unionism, unethical practices, etc.
Many of us are confused of what Islam says of the concept of insurance. They hold an opinion that there is no place of Insurance in Islam. For that matter, an attempt has been made to dispel the confusion.This paper examines the existing... more
Many of us are confused of what Islam says of the concept of insurance. They hold an opinion that there is no place of Insurance in Islam. For that matter, an attempt has been made to dispel the confusion.This paper examines the existing concepts of Insurance as well as position of Insurance in Islam. It also makes an attempt to make it clear that Islam is not against insurance. It has been observed from the study that are hundreds of thousands of arguments in favor of insurance in Islam. In this study, origin of Insurance concept and arguments in favor of insurance in Islam are discussed. It is only a humble attempt to highlight the original concept as well as favorable arguments of insurance of Islam.
Empowerment of rural women in developing countries can reduce gender inequality and improve their social status. This paper sought to identify the determinants of empowerment of rural women in Bangladesh. The data for our study were... more
Empowerment of rural women in developing countries can reduce gender inequality and improve their social status. This paper sought to identify the determinants of empowerment of rural women in Bangladesh. The data for our study were collected from 75 rural women employed in home-based poultry rearing projects in Bangladesh. We conducted factor analysis to identify the determinants of empowerment of rural women. Multiple regression analysis indicated that independent decision making authority and increased involvement in family affairs were significantly associated with the empowerment of rural women. The implications of the findings of this study for improving the quality of life of rural women in Bangladesh are discussed.
Research Interests:
The economic development of a developing country like Bangladesh depends on the development of entrepreneurship that again depends on the entrepreneurial intentions of the university graduates. But the intentions of the graduates are... more
The economic development of a developing country like Bangladesh depends on the development of entrepreneurship that again depends on the entrepreneurial intentions of the university graduates. But the intentions of the graduates are outlawed by a number of factors which are external and internal in nature. Therefore, this study aims at identifying
the factors that prevent or discourage the university graduates of Bangladesh to initiate new business. To conduct the study, 210 recent business graduates were chosen and interviewed from eleven universities - five government universities and six private universities of Bangladesh. All the respondent interviewees were the recent business
graduates. A structured questionnaire with five points Likert scale was used to collect primary data from the respondent graduates. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the present situation of the entrepreneurship development in Bangladesh. Inferential statistics like
factor analysis and multiple regression analysis were used to identify the relationships between the overall entrepreneurship development and the specific factor(s) that prohibit university graduates to be entrepreneurial in Bangladesh. The study found that the lack of confidence and calmness in confronting difficulties, lack of aspiration to be a successful boss, lack of favorable environment for entrepreneurial activities, lack of encouragement and learning on entrepreneurship, and lack of capital and business knowledge are significant prohibiting factors for the business graduates to be entrepreneurial in Bangladesh. This study suggests that the policymakers should focus more on entrepreneurship learning at the university level, availability of capital, and creation of favorable business environment for the development of entrepreneurship in Bangladesh.
the factors that prevent or discourage the university graduates of Bangladesh to initiate new business. To conduct the study, 210 recent business graduates were chosen and interviewed from eleven universities - five government universities and six private universities of Bangladesh. All the respondent interviewees were the recent business
graduates. A structured questionnaire with five points Likert scale was used to collect primary data from the respondent graduates. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the present situation of the entrepreneurship development in Bangladesh. Inferential statistics like
factor analysis and multiple regression analysis were used to identify the relationships between the overall entrepreneurship development and the specific factor(s) that prohibit university graduates to be entrepreneurial in Bangladesh. The study found that the lack of confidence and calmness in confronting difficulties, lack of aspiration to be a successful boss, lack of favorable environment for entrepreneurial activities, lack of encouragement and learning on entrepreneurship, and lack of capital and business knowledge are significant prohibiting factors for the business graduates to be entrepreneurial in Bangladesh. This study suggests that the policymakers should focus more on entrepreneurship learning at the university level, availability of capital, and creation of favorable business environment for the development of entrepreneurship in Bangladesh.
Research Interests:
Due to increase in use and rapid growth of digital marketplaces in the world, it became essential to establish regulatory measures and standards in order to protect the rights of the consumers for the regulatory bodies of any country.... more
Due to increase in use and rapid growth of digital marketplaces in the world, it became essential to establish regulatory measures and standards in order to protect the rights of the consumers for the regulatory bodies of any country. Study shows that more than 45% of the world’s population is online now, compared with just 1% in 1995. In Bangladesh, the total number of Internet Subscribers is 80.83 million . These people are now using digital marketplaces for their personal and organizational purposes, which are new and important organizational forms in the economy of Bangladesh. This is due to the consumer’s choice between a digital and a physical transaction, which is governed by the (i) benefits of examining a good in person, (ii) the relative hassle costs between search online and offline, (iii) the benefit of instant product availability offline, (iv) differences in assortment, and (v) the regulations. In a world where digital devices are ubiquitous, transactions with not-in-person component, such as flight or hotel purchases, will naturally take place digitally. On the other hand, purchases like furniture, where examining goods in person is valuable that is impossible to check through online. The growth in digital transactions can be driven by innovation spurred by competition between the marketplaces. Digital marketplace also increases the competitiveness of peer sellers and enhances the assortment of options available to the consumers.
The economic growth of Bangladesh is now remarkably higher compared to any other time of the country. This has been observed primarily in last few decades in Bangladesh. According to World Bank Report, the Gross National Income (GNI)... more
The economic growth of Bangladesh is now remarkably higher compared to any other
time of the country. This has been observed primarily in last few decades in Bangladesh.
According to World Bank Report, the Gross National Income (GNI) tremendously
increased from $100 to $1,220 between 1972 to 20151.Now, Bangladesh is trying to
achieve its goal to be a middle-income country by 2021 by reaching steady growth of8%
per year (Bhattacharya, & Khan, 2018).Since Bangladesh is a country with full of natural
calamities and risks in economic development, insurance industry has got very high
potential in this country. It is the most potentials place for insurance business in the
world due to its vulnerable economy and God gifted disasters. In the report, Lloyd's
identified the underinsurance or insurance gap, which depicts the value of assets at risk not
covered fully by insurance policies in Bangladesh. Among the 43 countries covered in the report,
Bangladesh has the largest insurance gap, which stands at $5.50 billion, or 2.10 percent of the
country's gross domestic product (GDP)2. Insurance premium per capita in Bangladesh is just
USD $8, a statistic that masks the fact that most people do not have insurance at all (Vaughan, &
Vaughan, 2007). Research also shows that (Lloyd’s Report 2019) showed that 1% rise in
penetration in insurance sector of Bangladesh can contribute to as much as $4.4bn in
savings3 in the country. In comparison to the trend of per capita income $1602 as of
2017, the insurance penetration rate4 in Bangladesh is 0.70% in global comparison during
2016 which is very low compared to other countries of the world. Out of which only
0.2% consists of life insurance in Bangladesh. This very low penetration rate in insurance
sector is very alarming for a country having 170 million people. On the other hand, the
highest insurance penetration in the world is at 18%, belonging to Taiwan. According to
the World Bank statistics, only 4 out of 1,000 people in Bangladesh have life insurance
policies which is one of the lowest in the world.
time of the country. This has been observed primarily in last few decades in Bangladesh.
According to World Bank Report, the Gross National Income (GNI) tremendously
increased from $100 to $1,220 between 1972 to 20151.Now, Bangladesh is trying to
achieve its goal to be a middle-income country by 2021 by reaching steady growth of8%
per year (Bhattacharya, & Khan, 2018).Since Bangladesh is a country with full of natural
calamities and risks in economic development, insurance industry has got very high
potential in this country. It is the most potentials place for insurance business in the
world due to its vulnerable economy and God gifted disasters. In the report, Lloyd's
identified the underinsurance or insurance gap, which depicts the value of assets at risk not
covered fully by insurance policies in Bangladesh. Among the 43 countries covered in the report,
Bangladesh has the largest insurance gap, which stands at $5.50 billion, or 2.10 percent of the
country's gross domestic product (GDP)2. Insurance premium per capita in Bangladesh is just
USD $8, a statistic that masks the fact that most people do not have insurance at all (Vaughan, &
Vaughan, 2007). Research also shows that (Lloyd’s Report 2019) showed that 1% rise in
penetration in insurance sector of Bangladesh can contribute to as much as $4.4bn in
savings3 in the country. In comparison to the trend of per capita income $1602 as of
2017, the insurance penetration rate4 in Bangladesh is 0.70% in global comparison during
2016 which is very low compared to other countries of the world. Out of which only
0.2% consists of life insurance in Bangladesh. This very low penetration rate in insurance
sector is very alarming for a country having 170 million people. On the other hand, the
highest insurance penetration in the world is at 18%, belonging to Taiwan. According to
the World Bank statistics, only 4 out of 1,000 people in Bangladesh have life insurance
policies which is one of the lowest in the world.
The economic outlook for South Asia is highly divergent across the countries. There are some economies including Bangladesh, Bhutan and India, where economic conditions are largely positive, with GDP growth projected to remain robust in... more
The economic outlook for South Asia is highly divergent across the countries. There are some economies including Bangladesh, Bhutan and India, where economic conditions are largely positive, with GDP growth projected to remain robust in the near future. In contrast, the outlook in Pakistan has visibly deteriorated. Consequently, regional GDP growth slowed down markedly in 2018. Yet, given the large size of the Indian economy, on the aggregate, the regional outlook is still moderately favorable, especially in comparison to other developing regions of the world.
Over the past few years, South Asia has sustained a period of robust growth that has lifted up many living in poverty, and made notable progress in health and education sector. Despite robust economic growth, South Asian countries account for only 3% of world’s GDP and nearly 40% of its inhabitants live on less than $1.25 per day. The scary challenges from climate change, environmental degradation, and increasing inequalities are also causing serious threats to South Asia’s economic growth and prosperity. Nevertheless, the World Bank reports that between 2013 and 2016, growth in South Asian countries increased from 6.2% to 7.5% while growth rates of other developing nations remained flat or even turned negative. In the coming years, the World Bank expects countries in South Asia to continue this growth trajectory, estimated at 6.7% in 2021.
In 2020, South Asia was set to plunge into its worst-ever recession as the devastating impacts of COVID-19 on the region’s economies linger on, taking a disproportionate toll/levy on informal workers and pushing millions of South Asians into extreme poverty.
Over the past few years, South Asia has sustained a period of robust growth that has lifted up many living in poverty, and made notable progress in health and education sector. Despite robust economic growth, South Asian countries account for only 3% of world’s GDP and nearly 40% of its inhabitants live on less than $1.25 per day. The scary challenges from climate change, environmental degradation, and increasing inequalities are also causing serious threats to South Asia’s economic growth and prosperity. Nevertheless, the World Bank reports that between 2013 and 2016, growth in South Asian countries increased from 6.2% to 7.5% while growth rates of other developing nations remained flat or even turned negative. In the coming years, the World Bank expects countries in South Asia to continue this growth trajectory, estimated at 6.7% in 2021.
In 2020, South Asia was set to plunge into its worst-ever recession as the devastating impacts of COVID-19 on the region’s economies linger on, taking a disproportionate toll/levy on informal workers and pushing millions of South Asians into extreme poverty.
Today’s mangers are facing numerous challenges in managing their business activities. The main challenge they face is uncertainty for the future. Research shows that only 20% of managers had full clarity on how business initiatives... more
Today’s mangers are facing numerous challenges in managing their business activities. The main challenge they face is uncertainty for the future. Research shows that only 20% of managers had full clarity on how business initiatives rolled out in 2019 impacted against organizational goals. That means that 80% of managers are acting without a comprehensive vision of how and why changes are being made. The COVID-19 pandemic has only served to accelerate this trend. According to McKinsey, existing management models no longer address the challenges that the crisis presents.
The other challenges are concerned with (i) Wellbeing of the Employees (ii) Tracking Team Productivity (iii) Shaping Company Culture (iv) Recruiting and on boarding the Right Employees (v) Supporting Diversity & Inclusion in the Workplace (vi) Managing Communication Between Teams (vii) Regulation & Compliance (viii) Technology & Digitalization (ix) Mind the Skills Gap (x) High Staff Turnover (xi) Creating Innovative Teams (xii) Breaking Down Silos (xiii) Knowledge Loss & Brain Drain & (xiv) Finding the Holy Grail: Engagement.
The other challenges are concerned with (i) Wellbeing of the Employees (ii) Tracking Team Productivity (iii) Shaping Company Culture (iv) Recruiting and on boarding the Right Employees (v) Supporting Diversity & Inclusion in the Workplace (vi) Managing Communication Between Teams (vii) Regulation & Compliance (viii) Technology & Digitalization (ix) Mind the Skills Gap (x) High Staff Turnover (xi) Creating Innovative Teams (xii) Breaking Down Silos (xiii) Knowledge Loss & Brain Drain & (xiv) Finding the Holy Grail: Engagement.
There is not a single aspect of education that has been investigated more than that of the effectiveness in classroom teaching in the world. During last 50 years, hundreds of thousands research studies have been conducted on this... more
There is not a single aspect of education that has been investigated more than that of the effectiveness in classroom teaching in the world. During last 50 years, hundreds of thousands research studies have been conducted on this phenomenon. These studies covered teachers’ personality and characteristics, teaching methods, students learning, and classroom interactions, which are connected to social-emotional climate, group influence, leadership behavior, verbal behavior, emotional intelligence of teachers and learners and teaching techniques and strategies. Among these phenomenon’s, the effectiveness in classroom teaching is an important aspect of every teacher in today’s world especially at the tertiary level of education. Without the efficiency and effectiveness of classroom teaching, a teacher cannot make the class outcome-based and be accepted by the learners. EI is concerned with the ability to perceive, understand and manage emotion, in both others and ourselves. In teaching-learning process, we need to ensure that our students are aware of EI. We also need to give them opportunities to develop EI so that they achieve their aspirations for the future, particularly in relation to work. Empirical research demonstrates that higher levels of EI are related to better workplace performance, engagement, decision-making, stress resilience, conflict management, team working and leadership. Providing students with EI training can result in more positive outcomes in a job recruitment situation too. Study also found that students with higher levels of EI go on to earn better salaries ten to twelve years after graduation. Hence, for success in career we need to prepare our students in such a way so that that they can emotionally be stable and intelligent.
The economy of South Asian countries is mainly based on sustainable SME entrepreneurship development. These countries have sustained a period of robust growth that has alleviated poverty and made notable strides in health and education... more
The economy of South Asian countries is mainly based on sustainable SME entrepreneurship development. These countries have sustained a period of robust growth that has alleviated poverty and made notable strides in health and education sectors over the past few years. World Bank report shows that between 2013 and 2016, the growth in South Asian countries increased from 6.2% to 7.5% while growth rates of other developing nations of the world remained flat or even turned negative. It was also expected in the report that the countries in South Asian region to continue this growth trajectory, estimated at 6.7 percent in 2021 and 4.4 percent in 2022, climbing from historic lows in 2020 and putting the region on a path to recovery from Covid-19 pandemic. Electricity consumption and mobility data is a clear indication of recovering economic activity in this region. India, the largest economy in South Asia, that comprises the bulk of the region's economy is expected to grow more than 10% in the fiscal year 2021-22. The outlook for Bangladesh, Nepal, and Pakistan have also been revised upward, supported by better than expected remittance inflows. Bangladesh's gross domestic product (GDP) is expected to increase by 3.60% in 2021; Nepal's GDP is projected to grow by 2.70% in the fiscal year 2021-22 and recover to 5.10% by 2023; Pakistan's growth is expected to reach 1.30% in 2021, slightly above previous projections while Sri Lanka's economic growth is expected to recover to 3.40% in 2021. Since the beginning of 2020, the Coronavirus (COVID-19) has been spreading around the world, hitting hard the South Asian countries as well. South Asian countries are the home of one quarter of the global population and the world's poor and experiencing the highest population density. South Asia is the home of 1.89 billion people (and expected to rise to 2.10 billion by 2030. It is shown in research that the one-fourth of the world's population in this region contributes to more than 15% of the global growth. Informality is omnipresent across the economic structures and workforces in this region. The lockdowns, closures of business, social distancing, etc. in the South Asian countries have caused serious supply disruptions along with sharpening demand shocks as businesses and people due to covid-19 pandemic. Economic disruptions particularly stroke Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), which accounts for 30% of GDP, exports and generation of job opportunities in this region. Given 60% to 80% informality in South Asia, the livelihood of a large segment of workers was severely impacted due to covid-19. Now, many businesses need to make up for lost revenues and millions of workers who are mostly in informal sector SMEs, need to turn round from job losses, falling incomes, and human capital deficits. In addressing the needs of SME sector that is mostly affected by the pandemic, central banks of the South Asian countries allowed regulatory forbearance to promote credit flows to the SMEs, and to promote on lending to Non-Banking Financial Companies. India set up Special Refinance Facilities of 0.20% of GDP to support SMEs, rural banks and housing financing companies. Sri Lanka and Bangladesh strengthened Refinance Fund to provide subsidized funding to banks willing to lend to the priority sectors, including SMEs affected by COVID-19. Pakistan and Nepal also established Refinancing Schemes to incentivize financing support for SMEs. The improved economic outlook reflects South Asian countries' efforts to keep their COVID-19 impact under control. Hence, experts opined that South Asian Governments must navigate skillfully between virus control and continuation of economic activity by launching fundamental reforms to enhance productivity in SME sector of the said countries.
The economic growth of a country often depends on the factors like (i) availability of natural resources, (ii) rate of capital formation, (iii) favorable capital-output ratio, (iv) technological progress, (v) dynamic entrepreneurship,... more
The economic growth of a country often depends on the factors like (i) availability of natural resources, (ii) rate of capital formation, (iii) favorable capital-output ratio, (iv) technological progress, (v) dynamic entrepreneurship, (vi) rate of growth of population, (vii) conditions of social overheads like education, health, and various non-economic factors. In 1960s, Cattell and Butchir found that 7% world populations living in USA and they enjoy 43% world’s wealth while 55% populations live in Asia enjoy only 16% resources of the world. At present, just 5% of the world's population live in USA consumes 23% of its energy. That's really wasteful. Imagine, if you waste five times more gasoline or five times more food or produced five times more garbage, your neighbors wouldn't be very happy! Yet, that's what we're doing. This difference is mainly because of the ownership of natural resources. However, these resources are not unique for certain countries only but its existence cannot expedite the economic growth without the development of entrepreneurship.
The main aim of sustainable development of a country is to balance the economic, environmental and social needs, allowing prosperity for present and future generations. Sustainable development consists of a long-term, integrated approach... more
The main aim of sustainable development of a country is to balance the economic, environmental and social needs, allowing prosperity for present and future generations. Sustainable development consists of a long-term, integrated approach to developing and achieving a healthy community by jointly addressing economic, environmental, and social issues, whilst avoiding the over consumption of key natural resources. These include stable economic growth, social progress and equality, environmental protection, and conservation of natural resources.
Among these objectives, economic growth is perceived as central means of achieving improvements in the people’s quality of life, which is positively linked with the modern management, marketing, and industrialization of a country. Without ensuring efficient management, marketing of goods and services and industrialization, sustainable socio-economic development is unimaginable. This has also been recognized in past.
Among these objectives, economic growth is perceived as central means of achieving improvements in the people’s quality of life, which is positively linked with the modern management, marketing, and industrialization of a country. Without ensuring efficient management, marketing of goods and services and industrialization, sustainable socio-economic development is unimaginable. This has also been recognized in past.
Entrepreneurship development and economic prosperity are interlinked in many phases. Entrepreneurship development boosts up economic growth by introducing innovative technologies, products, and services. Through the increased competition... more
Entrepreneurship development and economic prosperity are interlinked in many phases. Entrepreneurship development boosts up economic growth by introducing innovative technologies, products, and services. Through the increased competition from the entrepreneurs the existing business firms become more competitive. Entrepreneurs create new job opportunities in the economy, helps in formation of capital, improvement in per capita income, enhancement in Living Standards, Economic Independence and Backward and Forward Linkages. Hence, the development of entrepreneurship is the key for the development process of any country in the world. Whatever be the form of economic and political set-up of a country, entrepreneurship is indispensable for the economic prosperity and the development of standard of living of the people.
The economic growth of Bangladesh is now remarkably higher compared to any other time of the country. This has been observed primarily in last few decades in Bangladesh. According to World Bank Report, the Gross National Income (GNI)... more
The economic growth of Bangladesh is now remarkably higher compared to any other
time of the country. This has been observed primarily in last few decades in Bangladesh.
According to World Bank Report, the Gross National Income (GNI) tremendously
increased from $100 to $1,220 between 1972 to 20151.Now, Bangladesh is trying to
achieve its goal to be a middle-income country by 2021 by reaching steady growth of8%
per year (Bhattacharya, & Khan, 2018).Since Bangladesh is a country with full of natural
calamities and risks in economic development, insurance industry has got very high
potential in this country. It is the most potentials place for insurance business in the
world due to its vulnerable economy and God gifted disasters. In the report, Lloyd's
identified the underinsurance or insurance gap, which depicts the value of assets at risk not
covered fully by insurance policies in Bangladesh. Among the 43 countries covered in the report,
Bangladesh has the largest insurance gap, which stands at $5.50 billion, or 2.10 percent of the
country's gross domestic product (GDP)2. Insurance premium per capita in Bangladesh is just
USD $8, a statistic that masks the fact that most people do not have insurance at all (Vaughan, &
Vaughan, 2007). Research also shows that (Lloyd’s Report 2019) showed that 1% rise in
penetration in insurance sector of Bangladesh can contribute to as much as $4.4bn in
savings3 in the country. In comparison to the trend of per capita income $1602 as of
2017, the insurance penetration rate4 in Bangladesh is 0.70% in global comparison during
2016 which is very low compared to other countries of the world. Out of which only
0.2% consists of life insurance in Bangladesh. This very low penetration rate in insurance
sector is very alarming for a country having 170 million people. On the other hand, the
highest insurance penetration in the world is at 18%, belonging to Taiwan. According to
the World Bank statistics, only 4 out of 1,000 people in Bangladesh have life insurance
policies which is one of the lowest in the world.
time of the country. This has been observed primarily in last few decades in Bangladesh.
According to World Bank Report, the Gross National Income (GNI) tremendously
increased from $100 to $1,220 between 1972 to 20151.Now, Bangladesh is trying to
achieve its goal to be a middle-income country by 2021 by reaching steady growth of8%
per year (Bhattacharya, & Khan, 2018).Since Bangladesh is a country with full of natural
calamities and risks in economic development, insurance industry has got very high
potential in this country. It is the most potentials place for insurance business in the
world due to its vulnerable economy and God gifted disasters. In the report, Lloyd's
identified the underinsurance or insurance gap, which depicts the value of assets at risk not
covered fully by insurance policies in Bangladesh. Among the 43 countries covered in the report,
Bangladesh has the largest insurance gap, which stands at $5.50 billion, or 2.10 percent of the
country's gross domestic product (GDP)2. Insurance premium per capita in Bangladesh is just
USD $8, a statistic that masks the fact that most people do not have insurance at all (Vaughan, &
Vaughan, 2007). Research also shows that (Lloyd’s Report 2019) showed that 1% rise in
penetration in insurance sector of Bangladesh can contribute to as much as $4.4bn in
savings3 in the country. In comparison to the trend of per capita income $1602 as of
2017, the insurance penetration rate4 in Bangladesh is 0.70% in global comparison during
2016 which is very low compared to other countries of the world. Out of which only
0.2% consists of life insurance in Bangladesh. This very low penetration rate in insurance
sector is very alarming for a country having 170 million people. On the other hand, the
highest insurance penetration in the world is at 18%, belonging to Taiwan. According to
the World Bank statistics, only 4 out of 1,000 people in Bangladesh have life insurance
policies which is one of the lowest in the world.
The economic growth of Bangladesh is now remarkably higher compared to any other time of the country. This has been observed primarily in last few decades in Bangladesh. According to World Bank Report, the Gross National Income (GNI)... more
The economic growth of Bangladesh is now remarkably higher compared to any other time of the country. This has been observed primarily in last few decades in Bangladesh. According to World Bank Report, the Gross National Income (GNI) tremendously increased from $100 to $1,220 between 1972 to 2015 .Now, Bangladesh is trying to achieve its goal to be a middle-income country by 2021 by reaching steady growth of8% per year (Bhattacharya, & Khan, 2018).Since Bangladesh is a country with full of natural calamities and risks in economic development, insurance industry has got very high potential in this country. It is the most potentials place for insurance business in the world due to its vulnerable economy and God gifted disasters. In the report, Lloyd's identified the underinsurance or insurance gap, which depicts the value of assets at risk not covered fully by insurance policies in Bangladesh. Among the 43 countries covered in the report, Bangladesh has the largest insurance gap, which stands at $5.50 billion, or 2.10 percent of the country's gross domestic product (GDP) . Insurance premium per capita in Bangladesh is just USD $8, a statistic that masks the fact that most people do not haveinsurance at all (Vaughan, & Vaughan, 2007). Research also shows that (Lloyd’s Report 2019) showed that 1% rise in penetration in insurance sector of Bangladesh can contribute to as much as $4.4bn in savings in the country.In comparison to the trend of per capita income $1602 as of 2017, the insurance penetration rate in Bangladesh is 0.70% in global comparison during 2016 which is very low compared to other countries of the world. Out of which only 0.2% consists of life insurance in Bangladesh. This very low penetration rate in insurance sector is very alarming for a country having 170 million people.
Research Interests:
The management practices of private and public sector enterprises of Bangladesh have been continually improving since the independence of the country. From the inception of the country in 1971, there was a highly disorganized management... more
The management practices of private and public sector enterprises of Bangladesh have been continually improving since the independence of the country. From the inception of the country in 1971, there was a highly disorganized management in both the public and private sectors. However, it has now been reached to a reasonable shape that can be claimed as moderate management practices like other developing countries of the world. Observation shows that a rapid development in the management of private sector has been occurred since early 1990s. In 2000, there has been a substantial change and modification in management practices of the private sector enterprises in Bangladesh due to shifting focus of the government from public to private sector. The reasons can be attributed by the development of information technology and introduction to the privatization policy of the enterprises. This study shows that the development of management practices followed an upward trend in Bangladesh. The higher the development in private sector management is inducing the higher development of public sector management in Bangladesh. 1. Statement of the Problem Management is a comprehensive aspect that includes a number of items related to planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. The management efficiency of private and public sector enterprises in Bangladesh has been continuously improving since its independence. At present, management of public sector enterprises is hardly efficient while the management of private sector enterprises is much better in many respects such as, financial management, HRM, logistics management, and obviously operations management.
Digital Marketplace is the online platform where all organizations can use to find and buy cloudbased services (e.g., web hosting or site analytics)1. Businesses leverage digital channels such as, Google search, social media, email, and... more
Digital Marketplace is the online platform where all organizations can use to find and buy cloudbased services (e.g., web hosting or site analytics)1. Businesses leverage digital channels such as,
Google search, social media, email, and their websites to connect with their current and
prospective customers. Digital Marketplace uses digital technologies, mainly on the Internet but
also uses mobile phones, and other digital medium.
Google search, social media, email, and their websites to connect with their current and
prospective customers. Digital Marketplace uses digital technologies, mainly on the Internet but
also uses mobile phones, and other digital medium.
Insurance awareness among the people of Bangladesh is at the marginal level due to the absence of initiatives taken by regulatory bodies and the companies of this industry. Insurance companies use ‘agent method’ to reach directly to the... more
Insurance awareness among the people of Bangladesh is at the marginal level due to the absence of initiatives taken by regulatory bodies and the companies of this industry. Insurance companies use ‘agent method’ to reach directly to the potential policy buyers in order to sell their products. This method measurably failed to create awareness among the
mass people of Bangladesh. The economic growth of any country is also connected to the development of insurance industry. But the insurance sector failed to contribute to the economy of the country due to its backwardness. Although, the economic growth of Bangladesh is now remarkably higher compared to any other time, the insurance sector is
not developed as per expectations. Perhaps, this is due to long absence of insurance campaign by the companies and now people of the country do not feel that insurance is important for their lives. Under this circumstances, the development of this sector is inevitable in order to cope with the economic development of the country and to create
savings among the people.
mass people of Bangladesh. The economic growth of any country is also connected to the development of insurance industry. But the insurance sector failed to contribute to the economy of the country due to its backwardness. Although, the economic growth of Bangladesh is now remarkably higher compared to any other time, the insurance sector is
not developed as per expectations. Perhaps, this is due to long absence of insurance campaign by the companies and now people of the country do not feel that insurance is important for their lives. Under this circumstances, the development of this sector is inevitable in order to cope with the economic development of the country and to create
savings among the people.
This study suggests that the managers and the policy makers of RMG sector should focus more on the technical training, more friendly behavior, and reduction of frustration factors to improve the job security situation in this sector.
There is a paramount importance of women entrepreneurship development for the economic development of a developing country like Bangladesh. But the development this entrepreneurship depends on consolidated effort of the policymakers and... more
There is a paramount importance of women entrepreneurship development for the economic development
of a developing country like Bangladesh. But the development this entrepreneurship depends on
consolidated effort of the policymakers and the people of the country. This development of women
entrepreneurship primarily depends on the positive environmental factors of the country such as, social,
economic, legal, political, technological etc. factors that influence their activities of their entrepreneurial
businesses. Among these factors, socio-economic factors are the major factors influencing the women
entrepreneurship development in Bangladesh. Over the past couple of years, women entrepreneurs of
Bangladesh acquired a large number of companies, both offline and online in nature. They have created
employments by introducing new jobs in the job market. The identification of socioeconomic factors for
the development of women entrepreneurship is very important in the socioeconomic conditions of
Bangladesh. Hence, this study deals with the factors that affect the development of women
entrepreneurship in Bangladesh. The study adopted a self-administered questionnaires and interviews
with women entrepreneurs engaged in diverse business sectors. A total number of 201 women small
women entrepreneurs in different businesses were interviewed. A structured questionnaire was designed
to collect the relevant information from the respondent women entrepreneurs. Both descriptive and
inferential statistics were used to analyze the collected data. Multivariate analysis techniques were used to
identify the factors having influence on the development of women entrepreneurship in Bangladesh. The
findings of the study show that there are eight socioeconomic factors of women entrepreneurship
development in Bangladesh such as, availability of SME authority services, maintaining variety quality
products, difficulty in sourcing start-up capital, public relationship, problems of family and gender
discrimination, availability of training centers, availability of service tools and available supply of raw
materials. This study suggest that the policymakers should focus more the factors like availability of SME
authority services, difficulty in sourcing start-up capital, problems of family and gender discrimination
and available supply of raw materials in order to development women entrepreneurship in Bangladesh.
of a developing country like Bangladesh. But the development this entrepreneurship depends on
consolidated effort of the policymakers and the people of the country. This development of women
entrepreneurship primarily depends on the positive environmental factors of the country such as, social,
economic, legal, political, technological etc. factors that influence their activities of their entrepreneurial
businesses. Among these factors, socio-economic factors are the major factors influencing the women
entrepreneurship development in Bangladesh. Over the past couple of years, women entrepreneurs of
Bangladesh acquired a large number of companies, both offline and online in nature. They have created
employments by introducing new jobs in the job market. The identification of socioeconomic factors for
the development of women entrepreneurship is very important in the socioeconomic conditions of
Bangladesh. Hence, this study deals with the factors that affect the development of women
entrepreneurship in Bangladesh. The study adopted a self-administered questionnaires and interviews
with women entrepreneurs engaged in diverse business sectors. A total number of 201 women small
women entrepreneurs in different businesses were interviewed. A structured questionnaire was designed
to collect the relevant information from the respondent women entrepreneurs. Both descriptive and
inferential statistics were used to analyze the collected data. Multivariate analysis techniques were used to
identify the factors having influence on the development of women entrepreneurship in Bangladesh. The
findings of the study show that there are eight socioeconomic factors of women entrepreneurship
development in Bangladesh such as, availability of SME authority services, maintaining variety quality
products, difficulty in sourcing start-up capital, public relationship, problems of family and gender
discrimination, availability of training centers, availability of service tools and available supply of raw
materials. This study suggest that the policymakers should focus more the factors like availability of SME
authority services, difficulty in sourcing start-up capital, problems of family and gender discrimination
and available supply of raw materials in order to development women entrepreneurship in Bangladesh.
Online commodity businesses are getting momentum in Bangladesh in recent years. The demands of the online customers are also increasing very fast. The leading online commodity businesses are: Rokomari, Daraz, Ajker deal, Pickaboo,... more
Online commodity businesses are getting momentum in Bangladesh in recent years. The demands of the online
customers are also increasing very fast. The leading online commodity businesses are: Rokomari, Daraz, Ajker deal, Pickaboo,
Bagdoom, Othoba, Jadroo, Priyo shop, Bangla shoppers, ClickBD, Chaldal dot Com, etc. Four types of eCommerce businesses are
popular in Bangladesh such as, Business-to-Business (B2B) Business-to-Consumer (B2C) Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C) Business to-Employees (B2E). Hence, this paper aims at identifying the success factors of online commodity businesses in Bangladesh. This
study is based on a survey of 203 online business small entrepreneurs of Bangladesh who are engaged in web design, graphic
design, online store, product selling, product re-selling, online tutoring, e-book selling, online coaching, etc. Both descriptive and
inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Inferential statistics like factor analysis was used to identify the success factors
on online business. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify the relationships between the success factors of online business
and the overall success of the online business of Bangladesh. Results shows that the factors such as, maintenance of relationships
with customers, business experience of the entrepreneur and government assistance for training and extension services are
significantly related to the overall success of online commodity businesses in Bangladesh.
customers are also increasing very fast. The leading online commodity businesses are: Rokomari, Daraz, Ajker deal, Pickaboo,
Bagdoom, Othoba, Jadroo, Priyo shop, Bangla shoppers, ClickBD, Chaldal dot Com, etc. Four types of eCommerce businesses are
popular in Bangladesh such as, Business-to-Business (B2B) Business-to-Consumer (B2C) Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C) Business to-Employees (B2E). Hence, this paper aims at identifying the success factors of online commodity businesses in Bangladesh. This
study is based on a survey of 203 online business small entrepreneurs of Bangladesh who are engaged in web design, graphic
design, online store, product selling, product re-selling, online tutoring, e-book selling, online coaching, etc. Both descriptive and
inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Inferential statistics like factor analysis was used to identify the success factors
on online business. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify the relationships between the success factors of online business
and the overall success of the online business of Bangladesh. Results shows that the factors such as, maintenance of relationships
with customers, business experience of the entrepreneur and government assistance for training and extension services are
significantly related to the overall success of online commodity businesses in Bangladesh.
Restaurant business is one of the booming and profit-making businesses in Bangladesh, particularly in the urban areas now-a-day. According to Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS), the GDP from the hotel and restaurant industry has been... more
Restaurant business is one of the booming and profit-making businesses in Bangladesh, particularly in the urban areas now-a-day. According to Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS), the GDP from the hotel and restaurant industry has been steadily increasing, having the highest amount in 2018. The growing number of young people, high purchasing power, and the impact of western culture are some of the key factors behind the sudden boom of this industry in Bangladesh. Being a service industry, job satisfaction of the restaurant employees should be of the utmost importance with the assumption that the satisfied employees can provide superior services to their clients. Now, about1.15 million workers are employed in the accommodation and food service industry of Bangladesh which is very much important compared to other sector of the country. However, current businesses focus only on revenue earning by charging high price and hence very little focus is given to job satisfaction of the employees involved in this industry. Therefore, this study aimsto evaluate the job satisfaction factors and the working conditions of the employees. The study uses both qualitative and quantitative analysis to evaluate job satisfaction of the restaurant employees. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Results show that the job satisfaction of the restaurant employees is significantly related to workload, salary of the employees, manager’s behavior, and the working conditions.
In last few decades, Bangladesh Readymade Garment (RMG) Industry of Bangladesh has become a leading manufacturing industry in the world with its constant growth. The Industry is of major importance to the national economy of Bangladesh as... more
In last few decades, Bangladesh Readymade Garment (RMG) Industry of Bangladesh has become a leading manufacturing industry in the world with its constant growth. The Industry is of major importance to the national economy of Bangladesh as it contributes more than 80% of the country's export earnings that amounts to about USD nineteen billion. The number of workers currently in this industry is more than 4.2 million and the number of factories is 5000 in different sizes. Despite this impressive growth, the performance of the workers in this industry is poor. Hence, this study aims at identifying the work stress factors and their impact on work performance of the RMG workers in Bangladesh. This used both qualitative and quantitative research methods. Respondent workers were selected by simple random sampling method from ten garment companies that are located in the periphery of Dhaka city. The impact of the stress of the workers was assessed by structured questionnaires. Two hundred ten readymade garment workers were interviewed from ten companies of different sizes for this study. Factor analysis was conducted to identify the factors related to stress of the workers that have impact on the work performance of the workers. Regression analysis was carried out to examine the impact of stress on workers' performance. The results show that the factors concerned with work stress symptoms are frustration and feeling of inefficiency, decrease satisfaction at work, problem of concentration at work and decrease of decision making ability. The performance impact factors are work pressure and frustration, understaffed workplace and work in holidays, job insecurity and pressure to complete the assignments. This study suggests that the policy makers should focus on the stress factors identified in this research that have impact on the performance of the workers in this industry.
Recently in Bangladesh, frozen and ready-to-cook food industry is growing very fast due to high demand of these products by the city dwellers. These processed frozen and ready-to-cook food products are mainly related to fruits and... more
Recently in Bangladesh, frozen and ready-to-cook food industry is growing very fast due to high demand of these products by the city dwellers. These processed frozen and ready-to-cook food products are mainly related to fruits and vegetables, fish and meat-based products and wheat-based food products, etc. With the increase of population in the urban areas of Bangladesh, the citizens are becoming busy, families are becoming smaller, and the parents are getting associated with the jobs. As a result, people demand easy and "ready-to-cook" processed frozen food items. Families living in the cities are adopting their food habits towards frozen foods such as, processed meat, half boiled meat, processed fish, vegetables, fruits, porotah, samosa, shingara, pizza, etc. as these foods are easy to cook in a very short time. The reason for increased demand of these processed foods can also be attributed by the increased engagement of women at work and increased purchasing power of the people. Hence, this study aims at identifying the factors influencing the consumers' perception about the frozen and ready-to-cook food products on Bangladeshi people. A survey was conducted among 211 frozen and ready-to-cook food consumers of Dhaka city with a structured questionnaire. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Factor analysis was conducted to identify the influencing factors related to the consumers' perception about frozen and readyto-cook food products. Regression analysis was accomplished to examine the impact of the factors on the overall consumers' preferences of the processed frozen and ready-to-cook food products. Results show that the factors which influence the perception of the consumers about frozen and ready-to-cook food products are concerned with saving time, helpful and economic, low price, variety and good for health, brand image and quality, availability of the frozen foods, taste of the food, and attractive packaging of the food. Individual factor relationships show that the factors such as, saving time, the foods are helpful and economic, low price, variety and good for health, brand image and quality, and availability of the foods are significant and the factors such as, good taste of the food and attractive packaging of the food are not significant in this study. This study suggests that the policymakers of the processed frozen and ready-tocook food product manufacturers should give importance on these factors for increasing the demand of the products among the city dwellers of Bangladesh.
The economic development of a developing country like Bangladesh depends on the development of entrepreneurship that again depends on the entrepreneurial intentions of the university graduates. But the intentions of the graduates are... more
The economic development of a developing country like Bangladesh depends on the development of entrepreneurship that again depends on the entrepreneurial intentions of the university graduates. But the intentions of the graduates are outlawed by a number of factors which are external and internal in nature. Therefore, this study aims at identifying the factors that prevent or discourage the university graduates of Bangladesh to initiate new business. To conduct the study, 210 recent business graduates were chosen and interviewed from eleven universities-five government universities and six private universities of Bangladesh. All the respondent interviewees were the recent business graduates. A structured questionnaire with five points Likert scale was used to collect primary data from the respondent graduates. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the present situation of the entrepreneurship development in Bangladesh. Inferential statistics like factor analysis and multiple regression analysis were used to identify the relationships between the overall entrepreneurship development and the specific factor(s) that prohibit university graduates to be entrepreneurial in Bangladesh. The study found that the lack of confidence and calmness in confronting difficulties, lack of aspiration to be a successful boss, lack of favorable environment for entrepreneurial activities, lack of encouragement and learning on entrepreneurship, and lack of capital and business knowledge are significant prohibiting factors for the business graduates to be entrepreneurial in Bangladesh. This study suggests that the policymakers should focus more on entrepreneurship learning at the university level, availability of capital, and creation of favorable business environment for the development of entrepreneurship in Bangladesh.
Needless to say that the women entrepreneurs of Bangladesh lack behind in economic advancement and decision making abilities compared to men business entrepreneurs. Research shows that only seven percent of the total business... more
Needless to say that the women entrepreneurs of Bangladesh lack behind in economic advancement and decision making abilities compared to men business entrepreneurs. Research shows that only seven percent of the total business establishments are owned and headed by women which are negligible in number in a country where more than 170 million people live. One of the reasons of poor development of women entrepreneurship is limited decision making abilities of the women at different level of the society. Hence, this study aims at identifying the factors related to the development of women decision making abilities among the women business entrepreneurs. This is a causal research and this study used primary data collected from the women entrepreneurs of seven administrative divisional head-quarters of Bangladesh enlisted in Bangladesh Women Chamber of Commerce and Industry (BWCCI) database. The study used both probability and non-probability sampling techniques to select 395 women business entrepreneurs who are involved in SME businesses for interview. The data were analyzed by using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) techniques. The results show that the factors concerning women business entrepreneurship activities such as, enterprise management, enterprise resourcing, generating business ideas, and harvesting and growth are significantly related to the development of women entrepreneurship in Bangladesh. And the development of entrepreneurship helps developing decision making abilities of the women entrepreneurs. The entrepreneurial factors that help to improve the abilities of decision making of the women entrepreneurs are concerned with cognitive, affective and psychomotor factors. This study suggests that the policy makers of this sector should emphasize the enhancement of the decision making abilities of the women in formulating the SME policy for the sustainable economic development of Bangladesh.
Development is indispensable at all levels of human lives such as, social, organizational, national, and global level. For making development of all theses levels, transformation is a must that is directly related to a set of efficient... more
Development is indispensable at all levels of human lives such as, social, organizational, national, and global level. For making development of all theses levels, transformation is a must that is directly related to a set of efficient activities and creative and creative drives of the human beings. Literally, development is an event constituting a new stage in a changing situation which is to be perceived from a holistic point of view. Its a comprehensive issue comprised of economic, social, cultural, spiritual, and environmental matters and is connected to the transformation process. If there is no transformation there is no change and if there is no change there is no development. From the organizational perspective, transformation is a is a process profound and radical change that orients an organization in a new direction and takes it to an entirely different level of effectiveness. Unlike 'turnaround', which implies incremental progress on the same plan, transformation implies a basic change of character and no resemblance with past configuration.
Glass ceiling is an important issue in the developed world, but there are few studies on the developing world, especially on the private sector of Bangladesh. Therefore, this study aims to determine the influences of the factors... more
Glass ceiling is an important issue in the developed world, but there are few studies on the developing world, especially on the private sector of Bangladesh. Therefore, this study aims to determine the influences of the factors of glass ceiling on the job satisfaction and job switching decisions among the female employees in the private sector of Bangladesh. This study conducted structured questionnaire surveys on 192 female employees from two private sector industries – banking and telecommunication in Bangladesh. The data were collected in December 2013 by using random sampling technique. The study used Ordered Logit and Binary Logit regressions. The study found that women employees working in banking sector hold more job satisfaction than those of telecommunication sector. Further, the study found that glass ceiling related variables has no significant relationship with the job satisfaction of women employees but there are several glass ceiling factors that statistically significantly influence on the decisions of changing or switching the existing jobs of women employees. Those who feel they are discriminated by any male colleague or being discriminated to move to higher level management positions or discriminated for promotions or holding less job security are likely to change their existing jobs. To improve the situation, several initiatives need to be taken in the organization like awareness building, standard and ethical human resource practices, strict policies for discriminatory attitudes and behavior etc.
Information technology has changed the business operations by simplifying the departmental activities especially Human Resources (HR) activities. However, application of IT sometimes ignores the prospective consequences on employee'... more
Information technology has changed the business operations by simplifying the departmental activities especially Human Resources (HR) activities. However, application of IT sometimes ignores the prospective consequences on employee' attitudes and behaviors. This study aims to identify the impact of E-recruiting systems on HR professionals' attitude towards its use, affective commitment to change and turnover intention. Incorporating the modified Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), this paper establishes the impact of technology implementation on HR professionals attitude that influences their intention to quit through affective organizational commitment to change. A sample of 163 HR professionals of a large manufacturing firm has been been collected by using a structured questionnaire. To test the hypotheses, the Partial Least Squares (PLS) path modeling has been applied using SmartPLS software. Results show that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, perceived enjoyment, and computer self-efficacy positively influence the attitude of the HR professionals toward suing e-Recruiting Systems. Furthermore, employees affective organizational commitment to change mediated the influence of attitude toward using e-recruiting systems on turnover intention. The findings suggest that the implementation of e-recruitment influences HR professionals attitude toward using the systems that further enhances their affective commitment to change. Proper communication and training prior to HRIS implementation may be suggested to avoid the negative consequences of HRIS implementation.
Generally, organization organizes training and development to enhance employees' performance. Job satisfaction can be increased by acquiring proper knowledge, skill, and attitude towards the job which has a huge contribution by training.... more
Generally, organization organizes training and development to enhance employees' performance. Job satisfaction can be increased by acquiring proper knowledge, skill, and attitude towards the job which has a huge contribution by training. There are a lot of training methods have used by the different organizations based on training materials, time, costs, and types of tasks. In this study, it is assumed that there exists a positive impact of training and development methods on employees’ satisfaction in the commercial banks in Bangladesh. This is empirical research. Both primary and secondary data have been used objectively. Primary data has been collected from the employees of twelve commercial banks. A total number of 250 questionnaires were distributed and 200 representing 80.0% questionnaires got backed with appropriate filled-up. There are seven most popular and frequently used methods of training and development has recognized to determine the impact on employees’ job satisfaction. It is revealed from the present study that informal learning has a significant positive impact on both employees’ satisfaction in commercial banks in Bangladesh.
Needless to say that the financial technology or FinTech is useful for delivering financial services to the customers better and faster. It employs specialized software and algorithms that are used on computers and, increasingly, smart... more
Needless to say that the financial technology or FinTech is useful for delivering financial services to the customers better and faster. It employs specialized software and algorithms that are used on computers and, increasingly, smart phones to assist enterprises, business owners, and the consumers in better managing their financial operations, processes, and the lives. Financial companies are dealing more now-a-days with this concept of FinTech due to its convenience and usefulness. Due to globalization, international transactions have substantially increased and customers are opting for more and more virtual transactions. FinTech market in Asia-Pacific is estimated to reach $150 billion by 2025. These technologies are greatly used by the financial institutions and the banks of Bangladesh in the name of bKash (BRAC Bank Ltd), Rocket (Dutch Bangla Bank Ltd), Nagad (Bangladesh Post Office), mCash (Islami Bank Ltd), Upay (United Commercial Bank Ltd), Islamic Wallet (Al Arafah Islami Bank Ltd), etc. But there are few studies conducted on the application of FinTech in financial sector of Bangladesh. As a result, the aim of this study was to look into the adoption and use of FinTech in banking and investment firms of Bangladesh. A questionnaire survey method was used to collect the data. To identify and evaluate the implementation of FinTech in financial organizations of Bangladesh, this study used both qualitative and quantitative research methods. Responses of 241 officers from 17 financial and investment companies were taken using a well-structured questionnaire. The study shows that the factors such as, easy and convenience to accomplish the tasks, inducing others to learn operating it, easy to frequently use, easy to adapt, easy learning of FinTech, better scope to meet the needs, usefulness in adoption of FinTech, and availability to guide to use FinTech are important to adapt FinTech in the financial and investment companies of Bangladesh.
Private sector banks are important segments of the economy of Bangladesh. This sector has already been recognized as a significant industry for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) of Bangladesh. However, managing private... more
Private sector banks are important segments of the economy of Bangladesh. This sector has already been recognized as a significant industry for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) of Bangladesh. However, managing private organizations has become very challenging due to highly competitive market and higher level of employee turnover especially in the private banking sector. It is observed that to attain the competitive advantage, private bank employees are undertaking heavy workload that leads to higher level of stress at work and is increasing turnover intention among the employees. This study has been designed to explore the factors that are accountable to create stress among the private bank employees in Bangladesh which are creating turnover intention among them. Hence, this study identified the relationships between job stress factors and the increase of turnover intensions among the bank employees in Bangladesh. A total of 206 bank employees at different levels of the banks were interviewed from ten private commercial banks of Bangladesh. A structured questionnaire was designed through literature review to collect the information from the respondent employees. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Multivariate analysis techniques were used to identify the work stress factors having influence on the turnover intention among the private bank employees in Bangladesh. Results show that there are four stress factors that increase the turnover tension among the private bank employees in Bangladesh such as, (i) long hours and fast work, (ii) clearness of goals and objectives of work, (iii) workload and change in mindset, and (iv) flexibility at work. This study suggests that the policymakers of the private commercial banks should address the issues like long hours and fast work, clearness of goals and objectives of work, workload and change in mindset and flexibility at work for reducing turnover intensions of the bank employees in Bangladesh.
Research Interests:
Informal sector business is a highly growing sector of Bangladesh whichis defined as the businesses that are neither taxed nor monitored by any form of government or authority. A large number of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) fall... more
Informal sector business is a highly growing sector of Bangladesh whichis defined as the businesses that are neither taxed nor monitored by any form of government or authority. A large number of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) fall into this category of the informal sectorof businesses. The major driving forces behind the growth of informal sector businesses in Bangladeshare the rise in household demands for goods and services manufactured and supplied by them as well as the rise in demand for intermediate inputs. Unlike the formal economy, activities of the informal economy are not included in the country's Gross National Product (GNP) or Gross Domestic Product (GDP).The largestnumbers of employments of Bangladesharealso created by this sector. At present, more than eighty percent employments of the country are in informal sector. As the businesses of this sector are highly fragile, the employments in this sector are also vulnerable in nature. These informal businesses are highly unregulated and unrecognized in the country. People who areengaged in this sector include wage laborers, self-employed persons, unpaid family labor, piece-rate workers, and other hired labors. The informal sector businesses are mainly engaged intoiletries, electronics, clothing, household accessories, stationery, fruits, vegetables, foods, etc.Although,informal sector businesses have a significant contribution to the economy of Bangladesh, the entrepreneurs of this sector are neglected by the government and other supporting organizations. Hence, this study aims at identifying the socioeconomic status of informal sector business entrepreneurs so that they can properly be addressed by the appropriate authorities and the policymakers of the country. For conducting the study, 212 informal sector business entrepreneurs located in Dhaka city were interviewed with a structured questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Results show that the informal sector entrepreneurs of Bangladesh face an unfavorable business environment that is mainly characterized by a number of challenges such as, no stable place for business, low technical, administrative and government support, no marketing knowledge, lack of scope for professional development, etc. Study also found that the socioeconomic status of the entrepreneurs have been improved by their attachment with these businesses. Itimproved standard of living of the entrepreneurs,use of gas in cooking, increase safety in working lives,improved housing and medical facilities,increased savings and deposits in banks,increased awareness about the people and the society. This study suggests that the policymakers of Bangladesh should extent supports to the informal sector entrepreneurs in or to increase their contributions to economy of the country.
There is a paramount importance of Human Resource in a modern organization for its sustainability in future. Without the support of HR, machines remain idle, raw materials lie stacked, money get tied up, and other wings of the... more
There is a paramount importance of Human Resource in a modern organization for its sustainability in future. Without the support of HR, machines remain idle, raw materials lie stacked, money get tied up, and other wings of the organization crake down. Titas Gas Transmission and Distribution Company Limited (TGTDCL) is the largest state-owned public limited gas company operating in the energy sector of Bangladesh under the Corporation of Bangladesh Oil, Gas and Mineral Resources (Petrobangla). This company is managed by the Ministry of Power, Energy and Mineral Resources of Bangladesh. It is the most important and largest state-run company in terms of revenue earning, employment generation, and poverty alleviation of the country. Therefore, this study aims at evaluating the HRM systems of TGTDCL of Bangladesh. The study reveals that HRM systems of TGTDCL follow Bangladesh Service Rules (BSR) and unified service rules of Petrobangla. ‘Service Regulations of TGTDCL 1987 and 2008’ as well as ‘Bangladesh Labor Law 2006’ are used in this company. There is no unique HRM division as well as comprehensive HRM policy of this organization. The HR related activities are performed partially by the administrative, HRD and establishment departments. Study also shows that the HRM activities of TGTDCL are still traditional, backdated and not motivating to the skilled, brilliant and efficient employees of the company. There is formal Human Resource and Succession Planning. Although, the management has developed recently Titas Gas Human Resource Information Systems (HRIS) but it has not yet been implemented. The recruitment and selection process is standard but ineffective due to lengthy, irregular, and outdated implementation systems. Scattered informal and formal orientation programs are arranged for the newly recruited employees. Training is hardly based on Training Need Assessment (TNA). Although, the company arranges regular domestic and foreign training but there is hardly formal training policy of the company. The systematic promotion policy exists in the organization but not properly implemented due to the slow implementation process. Performance appraisal system is traditional and not motivating for the skilled employees. The benefits and other packages are as per government rules but far below the market standard. Fringe benefits are more than the other government employees. The grievance handling procedure is time consuming and often ineffective. Transfer, leave, and deputations are as per government rules. There is a good peer relation between the management and the trade union. Employees’ welfare, safety and security measures are satisfactory compared to other government organizations. This study suggests that strategic HR planning, effective HRIS, formal job description should be developed thorough job analysis. Recruitment and selection process, Training Need Assessment, training manual, career planning, effective and updated promotion policy, performance appraisal systems, transfer, deputation, employee discipline and grievance handling procedures and employee welfare policies are to be improved by the policymakers to improve the productivity of this company.
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is an integral part of business management now-a-day. It is inevitable for the smooth running of business irrespective of size and complexity all over the world. Due to the rapid development... more
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is an integral part of business management now-a-day. It is inevitable for the smooth running of business irrespective of size and complexity all over the world. Due to the rapid development of ICT and its huge use in all spheres of our lives, businesses are also influenced by it. Now, businesses are managing their resources by using ICT support that is helping them to perform their tasks faster and accurate than before. However, the developing countries like Bangladesh are still struggling to introduce ICT supports in all areas of businesses. But due to a very strong culture at work place, this effort is hindered substantially. Therefore, this paper aims at identifying the present status of the use of ICT in business management and its challenges it faces. Secondary data have been primarily used for conducting this study, which was collected from the different business reports and the journal papers. An experience survey was also conducted among the senior administrators of the business houses were also included in the study. Results show that the use of ICT is very low in the small and medium business enterprises while the large businesses houses are using ICT supports. Results also show that the use of ICT primarily depends on the complexity and the nature of the business. The entrepreneurs who have ICT literacy, they are mostly using ICT supports in the management of their businesses. This study suggests that the business houses in Bangladesh should use ICT support in order to increase the efficiency at their work. But this is often depends on the ICT infrastructure of the country as a whole.
Observation shows that the Management Schools or Management Development Institutions (MDI) in South Asian regions are hardly well managed. The reasons can be attributed by the lack of effectiveness of management systems of the university,... more
Observation shows that the Management Schools or Management Development Institutions (MDI) in South Asian regions are hardly well managed. The reasons can be attributed by the lack of effectiveness of management systems of the university, as a whole, that starts from the
functional level and continues till the policy making level. At the functional level, teachers and officers are the key and at the top level it is the Trustee Board for private university and the Government or University Grants Commission (UGC) for public university. Management School of a university is in the middle of this spectrum. Sometimes, management schools have strong desire for achieving quality in teaching and learning process but the other parts of the spectrum are not ready to support it. Therefore, management school alone is not enough to improve the
quality in teaching and learning process of a university. Quality of teaching and learning determine quality of education and quality of education (QOE) determines the quality of human resources of a country (Prasad, 2007; Sinha, V. & Subramanian, K. S. 2013). QOE refers to the fulfillment of needs of a society concerning the standards of living, growth and
development, physical survival in a complex and globalized world. QOE also implies the education that empowers the recipients with relevant skills, knowledge, ideas, values and attitudes needed to make decisions in their lives and work (Ndiomu, 1989; Romina Ifeoma Asiyai, 2013). As organizational growth depends on QOE, institutional learning acts as
instrumental in the process. Research identified five pillars of institutional learning such as, learning effectiveness, cost effectiveness and institutional commitment, access (Online) to wide variety of programs and courses, faculty satisfaction, and student satisfaction (Janet C. Moore,
2005; Skender B., 2014). Poor Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) like thermal comfort, acoustic comfort, lighting and indoor air quality in academic building are also important for quality of education and institutional learning (Sulaiman, et. al., 2013).
functional level and continues till the policy making level. At the functional level, teachers and officers are the key and at the top level it is the Trustee Board for private university and the Government or University Grants Commission (UGC) for public university. Management School of a university is in the middle of this spectrum. Sometimes, management schools have strong desire for achieving quality in teaching and learning process but the other parts of the spectrum are not ready to support it. Therefore, management school alone is not enough to improve the
quality in teaching and learning process of a university. Quality of teaching and learning determine quality of education and quality of education (QOE) determines the quality of human resources of a country (Prasad, 2007; Sinha, V. & Subramanian, K. S. 2013). QOE refers to the fulfillment of needs of a society concerning the standards of living, growth and
development, physical survival in a complex and globalized world. QOE also implies the education that empowers the recipients with relevant skills, knowledge, ideas, values and attitudes needed to make decisions in their lives and work (Ndiomu, 1989; Romina Ifeoma Asiyai, 2013). As organizational growth depends on QOE, institutional learning acts as
instrumental in the process. Research identified five pillars of institutional learning such as, learning effectiveness, cost effectiveness and institutional commitment, access (Online) to wide variety of programs and courses, faculty satisfaction, and student satisfaction (Janet C. Moore,
2005; Skender B., 2014). Poor Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) like thermal comfort, acoustic comfort, lighting and indoor air quality in academic building are also important for quality of education and institutional learning (Sulaiman, et. al., 2013).
This paper aims at identifying the factors affecting the selection of soft drinks by the university students of Bangladesh. It only includes carbonated soft drinks consumers of Bangladesh. To identify the factors, a questionnaire survey... more
This paper aims at identifying the factors affecting the selection of soft drinks by the university students of Bangladesh. It only includes carbonated soft drinks consumers of Bangladesh. To identify the factors, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 200 soft drinkers. The
respondents were selected by simple random procedure. Only the university students who are at the age of 20 to 35 years were surveyed. Multivariate analysis techniques such as factor analysis and multiple regressions analysis were conducted to analyze the data. Factor analysis was used to identify the factors of the soft drinks consumers while multiple regressions were conducted to identify the significant relationship of the factors with the overall attitude of the consumers
towards soft drinks. Results show that the factors identified by factor analysis are together significantly related to the overall consumption attitude of the consumers. Removing tiredness, digestive, sweetness and coolness are the significant factors of the university students in
selecting carbonated soft drinks in Bangladesh.
respondents were selected by simple random procedure. Only the university students who are at the age of 20 to 35 years were surveyed. Multivariate analysis techniques such as factor analysis and multiple regressions analysis were conducted to analyze the data. Factor analysis was used to identify the factors of the soft drinks consumers while multiple regressions were conducted to identify the significant relationship of the factors with the overall attitude of the consumers
towards soft drinks. Results show that the factors identified by factor analysis are together significantly related to the overall consumption attitude of the consumers. Removing tiredness, digestive, sweetness and coolness are the significant factors of the university students in
selecting carbonated soft drinks in Bangladesh.
Majority people of Bangladesh are illiterate and unconscious about their health. They are unable to understand the importance of their health. They even do not know the benefits of health precautions which are primarily concerned with... more
Majority people of Bangladesh are illiterate and unconscious about their health. They are unable to understand the importance of their health. They even do not know the benefits of health precautions which are primarily concerned with food and drinking water. It is identified from the research that the people have some general and specific beliefs on health benefits related to drinking water. The beliefs are bottled water is purer than tap water, health benefits of bottled water are not substantial bottled water
is not properly processed, etc. Therefore, people are hardly enthusiastic to buy and consume bottled water. On the other hand, research shows that there are some motivating factors for buying bottled water. These factors are concerned with health benefits, concerns about tap water, convenience, taste, preference over soft drinks, bottle itself, status symbol, luxury item, media, and advertising aspects. Given these
observations in mind, this study concentrates only on the beliefs and motivating factors to buy bottled drinking water. This study is only confined among the university students who are studying at the private universities located in Dhaka city. A total of 399 students were interviewed with a structured questionnaire. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used in analyzing data. For identifying the factors relating to
health beliefs and buying decision of bottled water, factor analysis was conducted. Results show that the students give most importance on safety and taste of the bottled water whenever they buy. The other factors include media exposure and reputation of the bottled water, chemical smell, hygienic, concerns about tap water, use as luxury item or status symbol, advertising by the producer, shape of the bottle (small or
big),and convenience or readily availability of the water. This study suggests that the producers of bottled water should give importance on the health and hygiene aspects and promotional factors for promoting their sales in Bangladesh.
is not properly processed, etc. Therefore, people are hardly enthusiastic to buy and consume bottled water. On the other hand, research shows that there are some motivating factors for buying bottled water. These factors are concerned with health benefits, concerns about tap water, convenience, taste, preference over soft drinks, bottle itself, status symbol, luxury item, media, and advertising aspects. Given these
observations in mind, this study concentrates only on the beliefs and motivating factors to buy bottled drinking water. This study is only confined among the university students who are studying at the private universities located in Dhaka city. A total of 399 students were interviewed with a structured questionnaire. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used in analyzing data. For identifying the factors relating to
health beliefs and buying decision of bottled water, factor analysis was conducted. Results show that the students give most importance on safety and taste of the bottled water whenever they buy. The other factors include media exposure and reputation of the bottled water, chemical smell, hygienic, concerns about tap water, use as luxury item or status symbol, advertising by the producer, shape of the bottle (small or
big),and convenience or readily availability of the water. This study suggests that the producers of bottled water should give importance on the health and hygiene aspects and promotional factors for promoting their sales in Bangladesh.
The use of different modes of private passenger vehicles ( PPVs) such as, yellow cab, black cab, CNG auto rickshaw etc. are very essential for the dwellers of Dhaka city. These private vehicles are running at the street of the City for... more
The use of different modes of private passenger vehicles ( PPVs) such as, yellow cab, black cab, CNG auto rickshaw etc. are very essential for the dwellers of Dhaka city. These private vehicles are running at the street of the City for over last five years. City dwellers have no other way out, as the vehicles in government sector are extremely inadequate. Thus, the question of passengers' satisfaction often receives Least attention to the concerned person. However, if the situations are improved, these vehicles will make important contribution to the economy and will reduce time of the passengers wasted by the commuters in traffic congestion. The deteriorated situation can be improved by addressing the quality attributes of the vehicles, drivers and monitoring systems as well. Hence. this study attempts to identify the quality attributes of PPVs, which are very much concerned with the satisfaction of the passengers. Sophisticated statistical techniques like factor analysis and multiple regressions were used to identify the key quality attributes. Results show that there are six quality factors such as vehicle quality, driving quality, comfort, friendliness, complain-handling, and monitoring concerned with the satisfaction level. It also shows that the passengers' satisfactions are significantly related to the quality of the vehicles and the drivers, friendliness of the driver, complain-handling, and monitoring of the vehicles. The positive change of these factors can increase the level of satisfaction of the passengers commuting in Dhaka City.
This paper attempts to identify the service quality of BRAC Bank of Bangladesh. It identifies the service quality factors important to the Bank. A survey has been conducted on the clients of BRAC Bank with a structured questionnaire. The... more
This paper attempts to identify the service quality of BRAC Bank of Bangladesh. It identifies the service quality factors important to the Bank. A survey has been conducted on the clients of BRAC Bank with a structured questionnaire. The respondents' were selected from the 14 branches of BRAC Bank located at Dhaka city. More than 200 retail customers were interviewed with a structured questionnaire. The sample clients were selected randomly at the branches. Factor analysis was conducted to identify the service quality factors of the bank. Results show that the most important perceived service quality factors are satisfaction of the clients' best interest by the bank and the tangible physical facilities of the bank.
This paper aims at identifying the factors for introducing health insurance schemes in the rural areas of Bangladesh. A survey has been conducted among 148 rural people to explore the factors. The respondents were located in two villages... more
This paper aims at identifying the factors for introducing health insurance schemes in the rural areas of Bangladesh. A survey has been conducted among 148 rural people to explore the factors. The respondents were located in two villages named Rajbadh and Sachibunia of Batiaghata Upazila under the district of Khulna, Bangladesh. In analyzing data, both descriptive and inferential statistics were used. Descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, percentage etc. have been used to explain the characteristics of the respondents and background of the study. Multivariate analysis such as, factor analysis has been performed to identify the factors important to introduce health insurance policy in the rural areas. Multiple regressions have been performed to explore the relationships between the rural health insurance factors and the overall factors. The results show that the awareness about health insurance policy, capacity to pay premium, efforts of NGOs and other social organizations, availability of modern medication facilities, availability of certified doctors, and diversified health insurance policies have significant relationships with the overall factors. The overall factors are defined as the socioeconomic and industrial factors such as, level of socioeconomic development, purchasing power of the rural people, the development of insurance industry, growth and influence of international insurance market in Bangladesh, etc. This indicates that if there were a change in these factors there would be a change in the overall factors. This study suggests a 'Two-Way Interactive Model' to address the health problems of the rural people of Bangladesh. First, there should be more initiative to make the rural people aware about the merits of the health insurance by both the government and nongovernment sectors and second, micro health insurance projects should be initiated in such a manner so that the rural people would be able to get proper medication services whenever they need by providing a minimum amount of money as premium.
Workers’ engagement refers to the organizational conditions where all the members of an organization are committed to their organization’s goals and values, motivated to contribute to organizational success with an enhanced sense of their... more
Workers’ engagement refers to the organizational conditions where all the members of an organization are committed to their organization’s goals and values, motivated to contribute to organizational success with an enhanced sense of their own well-being (Little & Little, 2006).Positive engagement is expected by any organization because it makes workers well connected with their jobs, loyal, and increase willing to put extra effort to do their jobs just to accomplish their goals in the company. Ready-made garment (RMG) industry of Bangladesh is the main earner of foreign currency that consists of more than 75% of the country’s export earnings. But the workers of this industry are often found unengaged at their work due to the ill behavior of their supervisors, poor working conditions, lack of organization incentives, and the absence of motivational policies of the companies. Hence, this study aims at identifying the workers’ engagement factors of RMG industry of Bangladesh.This study interviewed 319 RMG workers from ten leading garment companies. Descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were used to analyze the data. Results show that the RMG workers engagement factors are: feeling the company as a great company, feeling proud and recommend others, access to learning
and good career opportunity, knowing the development of the company, quality supervision and recognition for good jobs done, and manager cares the workers.This study suggests that the RMG policymakers should focus more on the supervision styles of the managers and appreciating policy of the companies that can help improving the engagement level of the workers in this industry of Bangladesh.
and good career opportunity, knowing the development of the company, quality supervision and recognition for good jobs done, and manager cares the workers.This study suggests that the RMG policymakers should focus more on the supervision styles of the managers and appreciating policy of the companies that can help improving the engagement level of the workers in this industry of Bangladesh.
There is a paramount importance of Human Resource in a modern organization for its sustainability in future. Without the support of HR, machines remain idle, raw materials lie stacked, money get tied up, and other wings of the... more
There is a paramount importance of Human Resource in a modern organization for its sustainability in future. Without the support of HR, machines remain idle, raw materials lie stacked, money get tied up, and other wings of the organization crake down. Titas Gas Transmission and Distribution Company Limited (TGTDCL) is the largest state-owned public limited gas company operating in the energy sector of Bangladesh under the Corporation of Bangladesh Oil, Gas and Mineral Resources (Petrobangla). This company is managed by the Ministry of Power, Energy and Mineral Resources of Bangladesh. It is the most important and largest state-run company in terms of revenue earning, employment generation, and poverty alleviation of the country. Therefore, this study aims at evaluating the HRM systems of TGTDCL of Bangladesh. The study reveals that HRM systems of TGTDCL follow Bangladesh Service Rules (BSR) and unified service rules of Petrobangla. 'Service Regulations of TGTDCL 1987 and 2008' as well as 'Bangladesh Labor Law 2006' are used in this company. There is no unique HRM division as well as comprehensive HRM policy of this organization. The HR related activities are performed partially by the administrative, HRD and establishment departments. Study also shows that the HRM activities of TGTDCL are still traditional, backdated and not motivating to the skilled, brilliant and efficient employees of the company. There is formal Human Resource and Succession Planning. Although, the management has developed recently Titas Gas Human Resource Information Systems (HRIS) but it has not yet been implemented. The recruitment and selection process is standard but ineffective due to lengthy, irregular, and outdated implementation systems. Scattered informal and formal orientation programs are arranged for the newly recruited employees. Training is hardly based on Training Need Assessment (TNA). Although, the company arranges regular domestic and foreign training but there is hardly formal training policy of the company. The systematic promotion policy exists in the organization but not properly implemented due to the slow implementation process. Performance appraisal system is traditional and not motivating for the skilled employees. The benefits and other packages are as per government rules but far below the market standard. Fringe benefits are more than the other government employees. The grievance handling procedure is time consuming and often ineffective. Transfer, leave, and deputations are as per government rules. There is a good peer relation between the management and the trade union. Employees' welfare, safety and security measures are satisfactory compared to other government organizations. This study suggests that strategic HR planning, effective HRIS, formal job description should be developed thorough job analysis. Recruitment and selection process, Training Need Assessment, training manual, career planning, effective and updated promotion policy, performance appraisal systems, transfer, deputation, employee discipline and grievance handling procedures and employee welfare policies are to be improved by the policymakers to improve the productivity of this company.
The operating performance of nationalized general insurance company of Bangladesh, known as Shadharan Bima Corporation (SBC), has consistently deteriorated since 1983. SBC is becoming more dependent on underwriting of re-insurable... more
The operating performance of nationalized general insurance company of Bangladesh, known as Shadharan Bima Corporation (SBC), has consistently deteriorated since 1983. SBC is becoming more dependent on underwriting of re-insurable business of all private insurance companies. They have also gradually shifted their investment from relatively higher income generating investment (share, debenture) to lower income-generating investments( deposits). This is mainly due to SBC's inability to respond to the changes in the market, government policy and overall environment. They still logged in with the state owned enterprises' characteristics of inefficiency, lack of challenging attitude, resistance to change, negative unionism, unethical practices, etc.
The Glass ceiling is an important barrier in the developing world like Bangladesh. But there are few studies on the private sector businesses of Bangladesh in this regard. Hence, this study aims to determine the influence of glass ceiling... more
The Glass ceiling is an important barrier in the developing world like Bangladesh. But there are few studies on the private sector businesses of Bangladesh in this regard. Hence, this study aims to determine the influence of glass ceiling factors on the job satisfaction and job switching decisions of female employees ii the private sector business o/ Bangladesh. This study was concluded by using a structured questionnaire on 177 female employees from the private sector industries such as, banking and telecommunication sectors of Bangladesh. The data were collected using random sampling techniques. The study used Ordered Logit and Binary Logit Regression techniques. This study found that female employees working in banking sector hold more job satisfaction than those of the telecommunication sector. This study also found that glass ceiling related variables has no significant relationship with the job satisfaction of female employees, but there are overall glass ceiling factors that have statistically significant influences on their decisions about changing the existing jobs of women employees. The glass ceiling factors are concerned with the discrimination: by any male colleague. to move to higher management position, /or promotion, and in job security, and switching to better jobs. Some other glass ceiling factors also show a statistically significant relationship with not willing to change job. These are: the married women or the women who like-to be isolated in the workplace, or those who haw a good network and understanding within the organization. In order to improve the situation, several initiatives need to be taken in the organization like awareness building, standard and ethical human resource practices, strict policies for discriminatory attitudes and behavior, etc.
There is a paramount importance of job satisfaction of the faculty members of private universities of Bangladesh for its sustainable growth as this sector is growing very fast in the country. Along with the government university, there... more
There is a paramount importance of job satisfaction of the faculty members of private universities of Bangladesh for its sustainable growth as this sector is growing very fast in the country. Along with the government university, there are about seventy seven private universities in Bangladesh with a good number of students studying at the undergraduate and graduate programs. But there is a very high faculty turnover in private universities especially at the lecturer level that is substantially hampering the continuing education process of the universities in this sector. Under these circumstances, satisfaction of the faculty members is an important aspect to look into for the sustainable growth and development of this promising sector. As such, this study has been conducted among the faculty members of the private universities approved by the University Grants Commission of Bangladesh (UGCB) to identify the job satisfaction factors and the relationships with the overall satisfaction of the faculty. A total of 377 faculty members of different academic schools were interviewed with a structured questionnaire. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used in analyzing data. For the identification of job satisfaction factors, Factor Analysis technique was used. Multiple Regressions were run to identify the relationships between the job satisfaction factors and the overall satisfaction of the faculty members. Results show that the faculty members give most importance on recognition for good jobs followed by the competitive payment, adequate job responsibility, opportunity to give advice, supervisor's competence in decision making, co-colleagues relations, diversity at work, supervisor's technical know-how, organizational policies, opportunities for advancement, working conditions, chance to provide services, chance to be important, chance to provide small help to others, use of abilities, work freely, university administration, chance to develop friendship, variety of work, liberty at work, chance to work away from others, and advise of the boss. This study suggests that the confidence of the faculty members should be substantially improved through the acceptable administrative behavior and efficient supervision of work of the faculty members by the university authority.
Needless to sat that foreign investment is essential for a developing country like Bangladesh. Foreign private investment is of Paramount importance in this regard. The responses of private foreign investors seemed not to be at a desired... more
Needless to sat that foreign investment is essential for a developing country like Bangladesh. Foreign private investment is of Paramount importance in this regard. The responses of private foreign investors seemed not to be at a desired level despite the highly favorable current Industrial Policy of Bangladesh government. Thus, an attempt has been made to identify and evaluate the investment position of foreign private investors since 1972 to 1993. Specially the study highlights the capital investment. Operational positions of industrial units and their geographical distribution, and sector-wise investment position of foreign private investment in Bangladesh.
This study analyzes the impact of technological change on job satisfaction of women garment workers in Bangladesh. A set of job satisfaction variables was developed from the Technological Change Survey (Slem and Levi, 1995). The specific... more
This study analyzes the impact of technological change on job satisfaction of women garment workers in Bangladesh. A set of job satisfaction variables was developed from the Technological Change Survey (Slem and Levi, 1995). The specific relationship between job satisfaction and the overall satisfaction shows that fair pay, task significance, bureaucracy, conflicts, and information sharing are significantly related. Task significance and information sharing are positively related to the overall impact. Fair pay, bureaucracy and conflicts are negatively and significantly related to the overall impact.
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The study on job satisfaction of the senior level executives of Bangladesh showed that other than work itself there is not many strong motivating forces present to satisfy the executives. Both male and female executives have confirmed... more
The study on job satisfaction of the senior level executives of Bangladesh showed that other than work itself there is not many strong motivating forces present to satisfy the executives. Both male and female executives have confirmed that their companies recognize their good works and they are also clear about the goals of their organizations. It is noted that there is hardly any gender difference regarding job satisfaction, even though, there is less scope of promotion possibility in most of the
organizations. Both male and female executives expressed relatively higher level of
agreement about their liking of coworkers and enjoying their jobs and company, suggesting less sex discrimination, though they mildly agreed that there is bickering and fighting at work. Regarding satisfaction on benefits received the male executives are found somewhat less satisfied compared to the female executives. Interestingly enough both the groups have indicated that there are benefits, which they don’t enjoy at present, but they should have those benefits in future and should be given
more frequently than the current practice. It is noted that there exists red tapism in the organization. Both the groups preferred to choose an indifferent view on their opportunity for advancement and payments received from the company. A higher level of agreement on the part of male executives on good communication in their organization may be explained by the fact that because of social and cultural reasons
female executives may not enjoy easy and direct communication access compared to their male counterpart even in the office set up.
organizations. Both male and female executives expressed relatively higher level of
agreement about their liking of coworkers and enjoying their jobs and company, suggesting less sex discrimination, though they mildly agreed that there is bickering and fighting at work. Regarding satisfaction on benefits received the male executives are found somewhat less satisfied compared to the female executives. Interestingly enough both the groups have indicated that there are benefits, which they don’t enjoy at present, but they should have those benefits in future and should be given
more frequently than the current practice. It is noted that there exists red tapism in the organization. Both the groups preferred to choose an indifferent view on their opportunity for advancement and payments received from the company. A higher level of agreement on the part of male executives on good communication in their organization may be explained by the fact that because of social and cultural reasons
female executives may not enjoy easy and direct communication access compared to their male counterpart even in the office set up.
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This paper attempts to identify the empowerment factors of rural women through homestead poultry rearing in Bangladesh. To identify the empowerment factors, 75 rural women involved in poultry rearing practices were interviewed with a... more
This paper attempts to identify the empowerment factors of rural women through homestead poultry rearing in Bangladesh. To identify the empowerment factors, 75 rural women involved in poultry rearing practices were interviewed with a structured questionnaire. Factor analysis has been performed to identify the empowerment factors. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify the relationships between the empowerment factors and the overall empowerment of the rural women. Results show that the homestead poultry rearing practice empowers rural women through decreased husband's influence on wives, increased independence for spending money, increased self-decision making authority, increased involvement in family affairs, increased control over the poultry business and increased importance in the family. The results also show that there is a significant relationship between the empowerment factors and the overall empowerment of rural women. This study suggests that the higher the level of self-decision making authority and increased involvement in family affairs, the higher the level of empowerment will likely be.
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This study deals with the job satisfaction of women workers and managerial policies of garment companies in Bangladesh. The garment industry is the fast growing export sector of Bangladesh. More than three fourths of total foreign... more
This study deals with the job satisfaction of women workers and managerial policies of garment companies in Bangladesh. The garment industry is the fast growing export sector of Bangladesh. More than three fourths of total foreign earnings of the country come from this sector. This sector has a low labor cost advantage in producing garments. The manufacturing technology of garment production has been changing from labor-intensive to more sophisticated and capital-intensive production. This change creates dissatisfaction for the lower skilled workers because of their inability to adapt to the new manufacturing process. Work dissatisfaction reduces the performance of workers and, in turn, company performance is negatively affected. Hence, the strategies related to the use of sophisticated technology and to manage human resources for the production of garments for the international markets are crucial. Therefore, this study evaluates the impact of technological change on job satisfaction of women garment workers in Bangladesh. It also explores the strategies for decreasing dissatisfaction of lower skilled workers. The study identifies the relationship between job satisfaction and the overall impact of the change. A set of job satisfaction variables was developed from the Technological Change Survey (Slem and Levi, 1995). The overall impact is defined as how workers see the impact of change on income and benefits to the family, and the identity they have as a wage earner. The specific relationship between job satisfaction and the overall impact shows that fair pay, task significance, bureaucracy, conflicts, and sharing information are significantly related. Task significance and information sharing are positively related to the overall impact. Fair pay, bureaucracy, and conflicts are negatively and significantly related to the overall impact. Less fair pay, high bureaucracy, and more conflicts cause a limited positive overall impact on women workers. The positive relationships to technological change include improvement of task significance, salary increase, improvement of the quality of supervision, improved co-workers relations and increase benefits. The negative consequences are unfair pay, work dissatisfaction, bureaucracy, conflicts between management and workers, decreased information sharing, and decreased promotions for workers. Managers, in such a situation, may not be able to resist the increasing change required because of the new technologies but they can do more to manage the change through reducing the level of unfairness in all respects, the level of bureaucracy, the level of conflicts between workers and management, and increasing information sharing with workers. This could be achieved through appropriate human resource policies such as, fair pay, rewards for work, attention to the subordinates' feelings, work redesign, communicating company goals to workers, sharing information, increasing benefits, increasing promotions, and above all providing more skill training to women garment workers.
Women's leadership development in entrepreneurial business is critical to improving women's participation in management and businesses in Bangladesh. Research shows that only seven percent of all business establishments in Bangladesh are... more
Women's leadership development in entrepreneurial business is critical to improving women's participation in management and businesses in Bangladesh. Research shows that only seven percent of all business establishments in Bangladesh are women-owned and women-headed. This limited ownership and development of women's leadership behavior is a clear gap to be filled. Thus, the study aims to identify women's leadership behavioral factors (WLBFs) and examine the causal relationship between WLBFs and women's leadership behavior practices (WLBPs) in line with path-goal leadership theory. We conducted causal research, applying systematic sampling techniques in selecting participants and conducting interviews with 366 women entrepreneurs from the Bangladesh Women Chamber of Commerce and Industries database under seven administrative divisional headquarters. We analyzed data through exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling techniques. The results show that the factors internal to women as entrepreneurs (including entrepreneurial attitude, intentions, and workplace learning culture), the factors external to women as entrepreneurs (such as training and education), and sociocultural factors are significantly related to the development of WLBPs. The external organizational behavior context was not significant. WLBPs help develop directive, supportive, participatory, and achievement-oriented leadership practices among women entrepreneurs in Bangladesh. This study suggests that policymakers, implementing managers, training service providers, and women entrepreneurs focus on entrepreneurial attitude, intention, education and skills development training, workplace learning culture, and sociocultural support among women entrepreneurs in Bangladesh.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
The tremendous increase of the use of mobile phones in Bangladesh by the young users has expanded the cellular phones market that has also attracted the attention of the foreign investors. This article attempts to investigate underlying... more
The tremendous increase of the use of mobile phones in Bangladesh by the young users has expanded the cellular phones market that has also attracted the attention of the foreign investors. This article attempts to investigate underlying sets of consumer motives for using cellular phones in Bangladesh. A primary survey was conducted among 157 young Bangladeshi mobile phone users aged from 20 to 30 years reside in Dhaka city. Structured questionnaire was used to interview the respondents. Factor analysis was conducted to identify the factors for using cellular phones in Bangladeshi young mobile phone users. Results show that there are five important factors that are considered by the Bangladeshi young mobile phone users. The factors are concerned with value added services, social connectivity, connection with the family, obtaining information on foreign education and facing emergency situation. This study also identified five different patterns of possible segmentation of cellular pho...
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
There is a paramount importance of equal empowerment of women for the socioeconomic development and balanced growth of Bangladesh. Research shows that only 7% of the total business establishments headed by the women entrepreneurs. The... more
There is a paramount importance of equal empowerment of women for the socioeconomic development and balanced growth of Bangladesh. Research shows that only 7% of the total business establishments headed by the women entrepreneurs. The reasons could be attributed by the lack of women entrepreneurship development, social influencing and networking abilities, and decisionmaking abilities of the women. Hence, this study aims at identifying the factors related to social empowerment due to women entrepreneurship development (WED). The causal research used primary data collected from women entrepreneurs in Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) businesses. The study used both probability and non-probability sampling techniques to select 397 women entrepreneurs for interview. We analyzed data by using Exploratory Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modelling techniques. The results show that the factors concerning women entrepreneurship development include enterprise management, enterprise resourcing, generating business ideas and harvesting and growth significantly related to the overall development of women entrepreneurship in Bangladesh. The WED helps in developing women social empowerment especially decision making abilities, social influencing abilities, and social networking abilities. This study suggests that the policy makers of SME sector should focus on the WED significant factors in order to expedite entrepreneurship development and improve women social empowerment of Bangladesh.
Bangladesh is a densely populated country of the world. More than 170 million people live in this country. Mobile banking is a very important and new phenomenon in Bangladesh. In recent years, mobile banking has got highest importance by... more
Bangladesh is a densely populated country of the world. More than 170 million people live in this country. Mobile banking is a very important and new phenomenon in Bangladesh. In recent years, mobile banking has got highest importance by the customers in the country as it provides immense scope for consumers for banking transactions at any time with the option to access bank's facilities anywhere of the country. It is a subset of electronic banking, the use of which is increasing day by day in Bangladesh. Hence, this paper aims at indentifying the factors that influence the customer experience in mobile banking in Bangladesh. This study is based on a survey of 231 mobile banking customers of nine private commercial banks of Bangladesh. Literature review identified some factors related to mobile banking like convenient and responsive system, transaction speed and accuracy, reliability, transaction security in ATM booth and technological difficulty that affect customers' experience in mobile banking systems etc. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the present situation of the mobile banking systems in Bangladesh.
Banking sector is the most stable sector compared to other industrial sectors of Bangladesh. Presently, there are 59 scheduled banks including 9 public banks in Bangladesh. A large number of people are connected with these banks as... more
Banking sector is the most stable sector compared to other industrial sectors of Bangladesh. Presently, there are 59 scheduled banks including 9 public banks in Bangladesh. A large number of people are connected with these banks as employees. Their loyalty towards their jobs along with other factors has an impact on the bank's overall performance in this sector. Hence, this paper aims at evaluating the factors affecting the loyalty of public bank employees in Bangladesh. Literature review found that various intrinsic and extrinsic factors affect the loyalty of Public Bank employees in Bangladesh. Some intrinsic factors like level of satisfaction, verbal performance appraisal, organizational reputation plays a great impact on the loyalty of the employees. Moreover, some extrinsic factors like compensation, training, career development, working environment impacts directly on the loyalty of the employees. These factors are basically independent variables. On the other hand, organizational well being, financial performance are dependent variables. This study is based on a survey of 200 employees of five leading public banks of Bangladesh. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the overall loyalty condition of the employees of public banking sector in Bangladesh. Inferential statistics like factor analysis, multiple regression analysis was used to identify the relationships between loyalty of the employees and the factors that affect the loyalty of the employees of public banks in Bangladesh. Results shows that factors like prompt service and well dressed and politeness affect the loyalty of public bank employees in Bangladesh.
There is a paramount importance of job satisfaction of the faculty members of private universities of Bangladesh for its sustainable growth as this sector is growing very fast in the country. Along with the government university, there... more
There is a paramount importance of job satisfaction of the faculty members of private universities of Bangladesh for its sustainable growth as this sector is growing very fast in the country. Along with the government university, there are about seventy seven private universities in Bangladesh with a good number of students studying at the undergraduate and graduate programs. But there is a very high faculty turnover in private universities especially at the lecturer level that is substantially hampering the continuing education process of the universities in this sector. Under these circumstances, satisfaction of the faculty members is an important aspect to look into for the sustainable growth and development of this promising sector. As such, this study has been conducted among the faculty members of the private universities approved by the University Grants Commission of Bangladesh (UGCB) to identify the job satisfaction factors and the relationships with the overall satisfaction of the faculty. A total of 377 faculty members of different academic schools were interviewed with a structured questionnaire. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used in analyzing data. For the identification of job satisfaction factors, Factor Analysis technique was used. Multiple Regressions were run to identify the relationships between the job satisfaction factors and the overall satisfaction of the faculty members. Results show that the faculty members give most importance on recognition for good jobs followed by the competitive payment, adequate job responsibility, opportunity to give advice, supervisor's competence in decision making, co-colleagues relations, diversity at work, supervisor's technical know-how, organizational policies, opportunities for advancement, working conditions, chance to provide services, chance to be important, chance to provide small help to others, use of abilities, work freely, university administration, chance to develop friendship, variety of work, liberty at work, chance to work away from others, and advise of the boss. This study suggests that the confidence of the faculty members should be substantially improved through the acceptable administrative behavior and efficient supervision of work of the faculty members by the university authority.
Private sector banks are important segments of the economy of Bangladesh. This sector has already been recognized as a significant industry for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) of Bangladesh. However, managing private... more
Private sector banks are important segments of the economy of Bangladesh. This sector has already been recognized as a significant industry for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) of Bangladesh. However, managing private organizations has become very challenging due to highly competitive market and higher level of employee turnover especially in the private banking sector. It is observed that to attain the competitive advantage, private bank employees are undertaking heavy workload that leads to higher level of stress at work and is increasing turnover intention among the employees. This study has been designed to explore the factors that are accountable to create stress among the private bank employees in Bangladesh which are creating turnover intention among them. Hence, this study identified the relationships between job stress factors and the increase of turnover intensions among the bank employees in Bangladesh. A total of 206 bank employees at different levels of the banks were interviewed from ten private commercial banks of Bangladesh. A structured questionnaire was designed through literature review to collect the information from the respondent employees. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Multivariate analysis techniques were used to identify the work stress factors having influence on the turnover intention among the private bank employees in Bangladesh. Results show that there are four stress factors that increase the turnover tension among the private bank employees in Bangladesh such as, (i) long hours and fast work, (ii) clearness of goals and objectives of work, (iii) workload and change in mindset, and (iv) flexibility at work. This study suggests that the policymakers of the private commercial banks should address the issues like long hours and fast work, clearness of goals and objectives of work, workload and change in mindset and flexibility at work for reducing turnover intensions of the bank employees in Bangladesh.
Entrepreneurial intention is the function of motives and barriers encountered by the university students during their studies. As the unemployment rate among the university graduates is the highest in Bangladesh, the research focused on... more
Entrepreneurial intention is the function of motives and barriers encountered by the university students during
their studies. As the unemployment rate among the university graduates is the highest in Bangladesh, the
research focused on university students with the aim to predict their entrepreneurial behaviors. Previous studies
identified different environmental contexts of the countries have different influence on the perception regarding
motives and barriers of entrepreneurial intention of the students. Hence, to stimulate the development of
entrepreneurship, it is important to uncover university student’s perceptions regarding the motives and barriers to
develop entrepreneurship and their influences on entrepreneurial intention of the graduates. To conduct the
research, the primary data were collected from 398 business students using simple random sampling method
through self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the demographic profiles of
the respondents. A multivariate statistical technique like Factor Analysis was used to identify the factors
influencing entrepreneurial intention and Regression Analysis was used to predict the significant impact factors.
It is evident in the study that the driving factors like autonomy and market opportunity has significant positive
impact whereas barriers like financial and government support, lack of skills has significant negative impact on
the student’s entrepreneurial intentions. This paper will assist the policy makers, educational institutions and
researchers to develop several implementable strategies like enterprise education, liberal tax system, financial
and regulatory support to promote entrepreneurship in a developing country like Bangladesh.
their studies. As the unemployment rate among the university graduates is the highest in Bangladesh, the
research focused on university students with the aim to predict their entrepreneurial behaviors. Previous studies
identified different environmental contexts of the countries have different influence on the perception regarding
motives and barriers of entrepreneurial intention of the students. Hence, to stimulate the development of
entrepreneurship, it is important to uncover university student’s perceptions regarding the motives and barriers to
develop entrepreneurship and their influences on entrepreneurial intention of the graduates. To conduct the
research, the primary data were collected from 398 business students using simple random sampling method
through self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the demographic profiles of
the respondents. A multivariate statistical technique like Factor Analysis was used to identify the factors
influencing entrepreneurial intention and Regression Analysis was used to predict the significant impact factors.
It is evident in the study that the driving factors like autonomy and market opportunity has significant positive
impact whereas barriers like financial and government support, lack of skills has significant negative impact on
the student’s entrepreneurial intentions. This paper will assist the policy makers, educational institutions and
researchers to develop several implementable strategies like enterprise education, liberal tax system, financial
and regulatory support to promote entrepreneurship in a developing country like Bangladesh.
Research Interests:
This study aims at identifying the impact factors of social media marketing on the buying behaviors’ of superstore customers in Bangladesh. Altogether, 291 buyers were surveyed from five superstores of Bangladesh such as, Agora, Meena... more
This study aims at identifying the impact factors of social media
marketing on the buying behaviors’ of superstore customers in Bangladesh. Altogether, 291 buyers were surveyed from five superstores of Bangladesh such as, Agora, Meena Bazar, Shwapno, Almas Super Shop, and Nandan. A structured questionnaire with five points Likert scale was used to survey the customers. Descriptive statistics were used to present the profiles of the respondent customers while inferential statistics like Factor Analysis was used to identify the impact factors and Multiple Regression Analysis was used to identify the relationships between the impact factors and the overall impact on purchase decision of the customers. Study identified four significant impact factors such as, quick searching and verification of authenticity of product information, easy to order and saving time, customers addiction to media buying, and awareness of innovative and new products that induce the superstore
customers to make their purchase decisions. This study suggests that the
policymakers should focus on authenticity of product information, easy to
order system that saves time, publicity of innovative and variety of products, and customer addicted towards media marketing for making the customers inclined towards buying the products and services from superstores of Bangladesh.
marketing on the buying behaviors’ of superstore customers in Bangladesh. Altogether, 291 buyers were surveyed from five superstores of Bangladesh such as, Agora, Meena Bazar, Shwapno, Almas Super Shop, and Nandan. A structured questionnaire with five points Likert scale was used to survey the customers. Descriptive statistics were used to present the profiles of the respondent customers while inferential statistics like Factor Analysis was used to identify the impact factors and Multiple Regression Analysis was used to identify the relationships between the impact factors and the overall impact on purchase decision of the customers. Study identified four significant impact factors such as, quick searching and verification of authenticity of product information, easy to order and saving time, customers addiction to media buying, and awareness of innovative and new products that induce the superstore
customers to make their purchase decisions. This study suggests that the
policymakers should focus on authenticity of product information, easy to
order system that saves time, publicity of innovative and variety of products, and customer addicted towards media marketing for making the customers inclined towards buying the products and services from superstores of Bangladesh.
Research Interests:
Bangladesh has a rich shipping history. The country is dependent economically as well as socially and politically on the industry. While, the country is slowly regaining global recognition, the industry is no less on challenges. The... more
Bangladesh has a rich shipping history. The country is dependent economically as well as socially and politically on the industry. While, the country is slowly regaining global recognition, the industry is no less on challenges. The seafarers face major issues due to the factors such as conditions of the maritime education and training institutes, forged documentation, negative reputation of the country, etc. Further, the seafarers of Bangladesh also lack skills and training when compared to the seafarers of the other developed countries. Moreover, the country lacks technological resources too, which makes it even more difficult for the seafarers to grow in the industry. The article looked at the different sets of improvements that can be made to the shipping industry and make it easy for the seafarers to get proper jobs in the industry. This study explored the challenges and opportunities for the seafarers and the industry though a review of literature.
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The world is changing and it seems only "change is constant in this world" though Heraclitus, a Greek philosopher, foreseen that we have to adapt to changes to survive but the magnitude and the pace of changes were not in his wildest... more
The world is changing and it seems only "change is constant in this world" though Heraclitus, a Greek philosopher, foreseen that we have to adapt to changes to survive but the magnitude and the pace of changes were not in his wildest dreams may be. We live in a VUCA world nowin an environment of volatility, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity (Warren Bennis and Burt Nanus, 1987), and this acronym VUCA is used in the US Army War College, Harvard, Forbes, and so on. Leadership in a VUCA world has books and articles published that emphasis adapt or die. On the other hand, it is leadership that is one of the most significant factors that gives companies competitive advantage. Competitive Advantages are achieved through judicious use of resources and capabilities, and a leader is the one who makes call on use of a company's core competence. Strategic decisions are made at top tier levels as vision and disseminated to all tiers of leadersmiddle to lower echelons and broken into goals, objectives, and tasks. From vision to missions to goals to objectives and tasks the orchestration and synchronization's require leaders at all levels to be effective.
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Selection of an appropriate career by graduating students, who are about to be included in the work force of any nation, whether as employees of any organization or as entrepreneurs, is of paramount importance for the students themselves,... more
Selection of an appropriate career by graduating students, who are about to be included in the work force of any nation, whether as employees of any organization or as entrepreneurs, is of paramount importance for the students themselves, persons dependent on them, the organizations they will be working for as well as for the national economy as a whole. However, the preference for any career is dependent on demographic factors like gender, place of domicile, medium of education etc. as well as certain other internal factors like cognitive ability, psychomotor skills and emotional ability. Moreover there are external factors like industry position, state of national economy and its integration with the global economy.An important factor is the way in which he / she has been trained from childhood to perceive the suitability of different career options available to them. Another important factor affecting the career preference of graduating students is the level of motivation the student is having in the matter and the factors which determines such motivation. Moreover dimensions of national culture, as professed by Hofstede (2011),is also a moderating factor in this context. This paper aims doing an extensive survey of concerned literature and identifying the factors which have been found to be decisive on choice of careers of the students and then to propose a conceptual model of career preference by considering other factors which have hitherto not been considered.
Despite high vulnerability and rapid technological development, the software market of Bangladesh is emerging with high potential. Absence of explicit business and technology strategy is affecting the growth and development of software... more
Despite high vulnerability and rapid technological development, the software market of Bangladesh is emerging with high potential. Absence of explicit business and technology strategy is affecting the growth and development of software market in Bangladesh. Some strategic success factors that are identified as useful are management of technical people, access to multiple sources of technology, development of technological resources, emphasis on customized software, orientation to customers needs and continuous involvement of entrepreneurs. The strategic success factors needed for software market development are developing appropriate marketing channel, building and maintaining credibility, building market differentiation, linking with large customers and speed to market entry.
Research Interests: Business, Technology Management, Strategic Planning, Software Development, Vulnerability, and 11 moreTechnology development, Commerce, Programming, Business Strategy, Growth and development, Technology Strategy, Marketing channel, Resource Management, Technological Development, Market Entry, and Success Factor
Development of women entrepreneurship in the SME sector has a crucial importance in a developing country like Bangladesh where women constitute half of the total population. The majority of them are underprivileged, under nourished,... more
Development of women entrepreneurship in the SME sector has a crucial importance in a developing country like Bangladesh where women constitute half of the total population. The majority of them are underprivileged, under nourished, illiterate and poor. Hence, the development of women entrepreneurship has tremendous potentials for transforming the society through socioeconomic empowerment of the women. This potential is remained untapped in Bangladesh because of lower number of women entrepreneurs in business and economic activities. According to the Bangladesh Economic Review 2009, around six percent of the country's $90 billion economy comes from SMEs, which is also the largest sector in terms of employment generation. But the women entrepreneurs are less than ten percent of the total entrepreneurs of the country. However, in the recent years, women entrepreneurship in small retail businesses of the country has been increasing which is a good sign for the positive growth of the economy.
Based on a review of the literature of new technology-based firms, this study developed a strategic management framework for service and market development of entrepreneurial software firms (ESFs) by integrating business with technology... more
Based on a review of the literature of new technology-based firms, this study developed a strategic management framework for service and market development of entrepreneurial software firms (ESFs) by integrating business with technology strategies. Testing the ...
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This study attempts to identify the critical success factors tbr strengthening afld development of poultry entrepreneurs in Bangladesh. Multivariate analysis using factor analysis technique has been used to analyze the data. Fifteen... more
This study attempts to identify the critical success factors tbr strengthening afld development of poultry entrepreneurs in Bangladesh. Multivariate analysis using factor analysis technique has been used to analyze the data. Fifteen facton were identified as crucial for success in poultry busincss. These factors explain more than eighty percent of the variability of data. The results show that the entrepreneurial success of pouJtry business highly depends on sociopolitical orientation of the entreprencurs. Achievement motiyation, efficiency, commitment towards work, dynamism, and self_confidence are also found to be crucial for success in poultry firm operation. The other factors include profit seeking, tlexibility, instanr decision making capability, cooperation from the stakeholders, independence, knowledge of technology, continuous adjustment with environment, learning bycxperience, and enjoying work. 1. BACKGROUND Poultry is a tamily-based farming every family in rural areas of the system in Bangladesh. Almost counlry operates this larming in
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Global technological change has significant impact on lower skilled female textile and garment workers in Thailand, as it brings new machines and manufacturing processes into the company. This study aims at identifying the factors of... more
Global technological change has significant impact on lower skilled female textile and garment workers in Thailand, as it brings new machines and manufacturing processes into the company. This study aims at identifying the factors of global technological change on female textile and garment workers in Thailand. It covers three impact areas such as, job security, job satisfaction and work relations. 10 variables were identified from job security, 36 from job satisfaction and 10 from work relations' areas. Multivariate analysis such as, Factor Analysis and Multiple Regression was used to analyze the data. Factor Analysis has been performed to identify the factors of the technological change on the female workers. Using Multiple Regression analysis, the overall impact of the technological change on female textile and garment workers has been assessed. The results show that the impact factors are frustration, skill demands, downsizing, meaningful work, pride in job, supervision, benefits, bureaucracy, unclear work assignments, recognition, fairness in pay, workload, the change process, strikes, and personal control. Among these factors, frustration and downsizing are concerned with job security; benefits, bureaucracy are related to job satisfaction; and the work processes and personal control are concerned with work relations. These factors are significantly related to the overall impact of the technological change on Thai female textile and garment workers. Factors concerning job security, job satisfaction, work relations together are significantly related to the overall socioeconomic lives of female and garment workers in Thailand.
Research Interests:
The workplace insecurity of female garment workers in Bangladesh mainly includes harassment, accidents and injuries, frequent outbreak of fire, and health hazards. Female workers are comparatively more harassed as they are less reactive... more
The workplace insecurity of female garment workers in Bangladesh mainly includes harassment, accidents and injuries, frequent outbreak of fire, and health hazards. Female workers are comparatively more harassed as they are less reactive and easily manageable. Generally, the woman worker experiences harassment at workplace at the hands of their supervisors, factory managers and owners. The nature of harassment includes among others teasing, scolding coupled with rough behavior, pronouncing sex encounter words, proposing sexual relationship, coercion, etc. Garment workers often encounter injuries at the time of switching. They are frequently fired from jobs by the managers without valid reasons.
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This paper examines the concepts, theories, and techniques of motivation, which are important aspects of managerial and administrative people in business and industry. rhe perrormance of any organization depends on the efficiency... more
This paper examines the concepts, theories, and techniques of motivation, which are important aspects of managerial and administrative people in business and industry. rhe perrormance of any organization depends on the efficiency ofindividuals, and that could be achieved wtren trrey a.e motivatea with their works. Motivation is the inner force or drive of individuals constituted through feelinis, "*p..i"n"", realization ofjob, work, and behavior of management that directs them to accomplish theii work assignments. Definitions pertaining to motivation also disclosed rhat this force is directed toiatisfy or fulfil needs, wants, expectations, and desires This force could be made favorable by making change ofneeds una *unt, sutirrying factors that are *idely known as means of motivation. The motivarionaimeans might broadly be of two types financial and non-financial By adapting the means of motivation, company can create motivational and well-disciplined uork environment that are essential for the piesent complex business world.
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There is a paramount importance of developing entrepreneurship for the economic development of a country. This paper is an attempt to identify the characteristics of entrepreneur. The paper also presents the basic characteristics of four... more
There is a paramount importance of developing entrepreneurship for the economic development of a country. This paper is an attempt to identify the characteristics of entrepreneur. The paper also presents the basic characteristics of four types of entrepreneurs engaged in cosmetics, medicine, shoe and electronics business. The study shows that there are wide differences as well as relations among the characteristics of different study groups. It reveals the causal relationship between the characteristics and some intra-personal factors of entrepreneurs. The analysis depicts the dissimilarities of literal characteristics of entrepreneur.
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There is a controversy among the researchers regarding the concept of high technology (high-tech) firms. Therefore, an attempt has been made to identify the specific aspects or characteristics of high-tech firms and its application in... more
There is a controversy among the researchers regarding the concept of high technology (high-tech) firms. Therefore, an attempt has been made to identify the specific aspects or characteristics of high-tech firms and its application in software designing firms (SDFs). The study shows that most of the researchers have the convergence among their opinion of high-tech firms. They defined high-tech concept with the help of different products and services of companies in diverse environment. The specific aspects of high-tech firmi are: product and process sophistication, research and development intensity, technically educated employees, a fast rate of growth and high degree of vulnerability, scarcity of human resources familiar with the technologies, all or parts of the products are based on the recent innovations or new technologies, a worldwide product for its market, new technology makes existing technology obsolete very quickly, turbulent environment characterized by realignment of competitors, changing customers needs, changing regulations, new competing products and so on. It is also identified that SDF's are high tech firms.
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This paper is aimed to evaluate the marginal propensity to consume (MPC) and marginal propensity to save (MPS) of Khulna Metropolitan City Dwellers. It covered all types of income earners who are classified into three groups. Moreover, an... more
This paper is aimed to evaluate the marginal propensity to consume (MPC) and marginal propensity to save (MPS) of Khulna Metropolitan City Dwellers. It covered all types of income earners who are classified into three groups. Moreover, an attempt has also been made to prove the Keynesian Theory of MPC. The sudy expressed that higher the income higher the tendency to save. In our study, it has come into light that 56% LIG, 48% of MIG and 16% of HIG have no savings. Most of the MG (28%) and LIG (40%) savers lie in the range of Tk. 1-1500 and most of the HIG savers lie in the income group of Tk. 1500-2000. However, it is an attempt which is taken primarily to uncover the relationship between MPC and MPS of Khulna City dwellers.
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Many of us are confused of what Islam says of the concept of insurance. They hold an opinion that there is no place of Insurance in Islam. For that matter, an attempt has been made to dispel the confusion.This paper examines the existing... more
Many of us are confused of what Islam says of the concept of insurance. They hold an opinion that there is no place of Insurance in Islam. For that matter, an attempt has been made to dispel the confusion.This paper examines the existing concepts of Insurance as well as position of Insurance in Islam. It also makes an attempt to make it clear that Islam is not against insurance. It has been observed from the study that are hundreds of thousands of arguments in favor of insurance in Islam. In this study, origin of Insurance concept and arguments in favor of insurance in Islam are discussed. It is only a humble attempt to highlight the original concept as well as favorable arguments of insurance of Islam.
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Needless to say that foreign investment is essential for a developing country like Bangladesh, Foreign private investment is of paramount importance in this regard. The responses of private foreign investors seemed not to be at a desired... more
Needless to say that foreign investment is essential for a developing country like Bangladesh, Foreign private investment is of paramount importance in this regard. The responses of private foreign investors seemed not to be at a desired level despite the highly favorable current Industrial Policy of Bangladesh government. Thus, an attempt has been made to identify and evaluate the investment position of foreign private investors since 1972-1993. Specially, the study highlights the capital investment, operational positions of industrial units and their geographical distribution, and sector-wise investment position of foreign private investment in Bangladesh.
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Women are not equally empowered in the socioeconomic environment of Bangladesh in all sectors of the country. The reasons could be attributed by the lack of women entrepreneurship development in the society. Supports like stimulatory,... more
Women are not equally empowered in the socioeconomic environment of Bangladesh in all sectors of the country. The reasons could be attributed by the lack of women entrepreneurship development in the society. Supports like stimulatory, supporting and sustaining activities are inadequate for the women entrepreneurs in Bangladesh. Study depicts that only 7% of the total business establishments of Bangladesh are headed by the women entrepreneurs. Other reasons for this backwardness of women entrepreneurs are limited social influencing, networking abilities and decision making abilities of the women in the society. Hence, this study aims at identifying the factors related to social empowerment due to women entrepreneurship development. This is a causal research and the study used primary data collected from the women entrepreneurs engaged in Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) businesses.The study used both probability and non-probability sampling techniques to select 397 women business entrepreneurs who are involved in SME businesses for interview. The data were analyzed by using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) techniques. The results show that the factors concerning women entrepreneurship activities include, enterprise management, enterprise resourcing, generating business ideas, and harvesting and growth are significantly related to the overall development of women entrepreneurship in Bangladesh. And the development of entrepreneurship helps developing women social empowerment. The entrepreneurial factors that help to enhance social empowerment are decision making abilities at family and society, social influencing abilities, and social networking abilities. This study suggests that the policy makers of this SME sector of business should emphasize decision making abilities of the women entrepreneurs, social influencing abilities, and social networking abilities in order to empower them socially in Bangladesh which will subsequently lead to the development of their families and the SME businesses as well.
The purpose of this study had been toconstruct a model of leadership behaviours for achieving competitive advantage in the ready made garments sector of Bangladesh from the perspective of adeveloping country. The literature review... more
The purpose of this study had been toconstruct a model of leadership behaviours for achieving competitive advantage in the ready made garments sector of Bangladesh from the perspective of adeveloping country. The literature review highlighted that leadership behaviours have been studied concerning competitive advantage duly, and they emerged as a separate theme from the literature. However, they have not been conceptualised into a comprehensive framework, which is addressed in this study. Three types of leadership behaviours had been found influencing competitive advantage for an organisation. We hypothesised that task oriented, people oriented, and change oriented leadership behaviours have a significant correlation with a competitive advantage. We surveyed 400 RMG employees, operators, supervisors, executives, and leaders. We found that three types of leadership behaviours alone do not significantly contribute to achieving competitive advantage. However, when emotional intelligence mediates these three behaviours with a competitive advantage, they significantly contribute. Therefore, the present study has developed a conceptual model indicating the relationship between different leadership behaviours, emotional intelligence, and competitive advantage. The model has been developed for Bangladesh's RMG industry due to the paucity of research on leadership behaviours. This article's contribution is part of a dissertation to knowledge is threefold: 1) Practical Implications: Policy implications for the RMG sector, Implementing the recommendations for solving the problem of leadership and gaining competitive advantage. 2) Theoretical Implications: adding change oriented behaviour with task and people oriented ones in the theoretical framework, experimenting with emotional intelligence as a mediating factor. 3) Continuation of research and methodological implications by a time series longitudinal study,cohort studies for other manufacturing groups-contexts. They are initiating a new line of inquiries likedigital leadership in apparel industries.
Bangladesh is traditionally a maritime nation having a long tradition of producing sound and skilled maritime professionals. However, in recent times Bangladesh started falling behind her contemporaries in creating qualified seafarer for... more
Bangladesh is traditionally a maritime nation having a long tradition of producing sound and skilled maritime professionals. However, in recent times Bangladesh started falling behind her contemporaries in creating qualified seafarer for occupying global seafaring job opportunities. There is a need to identify the factors related to the development of maritime professionals. Exploratory factor analysis was applied to explore the factors which are important for the development of the maritime professionals in Bangladesh. Six factors were extracted through the factor analysis. The factor solution presents the challenges faced by Bangladeshi mariners. The government needs to actively address the identified issues. Bangladesh has a good opportunity to expand its share in the maritime labor market meeting international standards as talent is abundant in this highly populated country. The paper concludes by providing the suggestive measure to overcome the challenges faced by Bangladeshi maritime professionals.
Bangladesh has a rich shipping history. The country is dependent economically as well as socially and politically on the industry. While, the country is slowly regaining global recognition, the industry is no less on challenges. The... more
Bangladesh has a rich shipping history. The country is dependent economically as well as socially and politically on the industry. While, the country is slowly regaining global recognition, the industry is no less on challenges. The seafarers face major issues due to the factors such as conditions of the maritime education and training institutes, forged documentation, negative reputation of the country, etc. Further, the seafarers of Bangladesh also lack skills and training when compared to the seafarers of the other developed countries. Moreover, the country lacks technological resources too, which makes it even more difficult for the seafarers to grow in the industry. The article looked at the different sets of improvements that can be made to the shipping industry and make it easy for the seafarers to get proper jobs in the industry. This study explored the challenges and opportunities for the seafarers and the industry though a review of literature.
The world is changing and it seems only "change is constant in this world" though Heraclitus, a Greek philosopher, foreseen that we have to adapt to changes to survive but the magnitude and the pace of changes were not in his wildest... more
The world is changing and it seems only "change is constant in this world" though Heraclitus, a Greek philosopher, foreseen that we have to adapt to changes to survive but the magnitude and the pace of changes were not in his wildest dreams may be. We live in a VUCA world now-in an environment of volatility, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity (Warren Bennis and Burt Nanus, 1987), and this acronym VUCA is used in the US Army War College, Harvard, Forbes, and so on. Leadership in a VUCA world has books and articles published that emphasis adapt or die. On the other hand, it is leadership that is one of the most significant factors that gives companies competitive advantage. Competitive Advantages are achieved through judicious use of resources and capabilities, and a leader is the one who makes call on use of a company's core competence. Strategic decisions are made at top tier levels as vision and disseminated to all tiers of leaders-middle to lower echelons and broken into goals, objectives, and tasks. From vision to missions to goals to objectives and tasks the orchestration and synchronization's require leaders at all levels to be effective.
Needless to say that the women entrepreneurs of Bangladesh lack behind in economic participation, leadership and empowerment compared to men entrepreneurs. Research shows that about seven percent of the total business establishments of... more
Needless to say that the women entrepreneurs of Bangladesh lack behind in economic participation, leadership and empowerment compared to men
entrepreneurs. Research shows that about seven percent of the total business establishments of Bangladesh are owned and headed by women which are negligible in terms of the women population proportion of the country. This limited ownership, leadership and empowerment of women is a clear gap which is to be fulfilled for the sustainable economic development of the country. In recent years, the rate of new business formation in Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) sector by women has significantly increased which is creating socioeconomic and leadership impact at
work, home, and the community. Hence, this study aims at identifying the women entrepreneurship development factors and examining the causal relationship between
entrepreneurship development and women empowerment. This is a causal research
and the study used primary data collected from the women entrepreneurs engaged in Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) businesses. The study used both probability and non-probability sampling techniques to select 397 women business entrepreneurs who
are involved in SME businesses for interview. The data were analyzed by using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM)
techniques. The results show that the factors concerning women entrepreneurship development such as regulatory framework, entrepreneurship education and training, role of women business association and husband engagement in women business have
direct and significance effects on WED. The access to finance and access to market facilities were not significant. Through the development of entrepreneurship in SME sector, women empowerment factors such as, economic empowerment, social empowerment and women entrepreneurial leadership capabilities were developed among the women entrepreneurs. This study suggests that the policy makers of this sector should emphasize on regulatory framework, entrepreneurship education and
training, husband engagement in women business and the role of women business association in formulating the SME policy to increase women empowerment for the sustainable development of Bangladesh.
entrepreneurs. Research shows that about seven percent of the total business establishments of Bangladesh are owned and headed by women which are negligible in terms of the women population proportion of the country. This limited ownership, leadership and empowerment of women is a clear gap which is to be fulfilled for the sustainable economic development of the country. In recent years, the rate of new business formation in Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) sector by women has significantly increased which is creating socioeconomic and leadership impact at
work, home, and the community. Hence, this study aims at identifying the women entrepreneurship development factors and examining the causal relationship between
entrepreneurship development and women empowerment. This is a causal research
and the study used primary data collected from the women entrepreneurs engaged in Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) businesses. The study used both probability and non-probability sampling techniques to select 397 women business entrepreneurs who
are involved in SME businesses for interview. The data were analyzed by using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM)
techniques. The results show that the factors concerning women entrepreneurship development such as regulatory framework, entrepreneurship education and training, role of women business association and husband engagement in women business have
direct and significance effects on WED. The access to finance and access to market facilities were not significant. Through the development of entrepreneurship in SME sector, women empowerment factors such as, economic empowerment, social empowerment and women entrepreneurial leadership capabilities were developed among the women entrepreneurs. This study suggests that the policy makers of this sector should emphasize on regulatory framework, entrepreneurship education and
training, husband engagement in women business and the role of women business association in formulating the SME policy to increase women empowerment for the sustainable development of Bangladesh.
Ready Made Garment (RMG) industry of Bangladesh is the highest foreign earning sector of the country. It is the second largest exporter in the world after China. There are 4.20 million workers working in this sector in about 5000... more
Ready Made Garment (RMG) industry of Bangladesh is the highest foreign earning sector of the country. It is the second largest exporter in the world after China. There are 4.20 million workers working in this sector in about 5000 companies where more than 90% of workers are female who came from the rural areas of Bangladesh. Hence, female workers are the prime factor of this important industry of Bangladesh. But the working environment of these RMG companies is hardly conducive to work and not up to the international standard. Female workers are often harassed at the workplace and manipulated by their supervisors in this industry. Hence, this study aims at identifying the working environmental factors of female RMG workers of Bangladesh. This is an exploratory research based on secondary data, pilot survey, and experience survey. The prime objective of this study is to develop a conceptual framework on the environmental factors of the female garment workers in the RMG industry of Bangladesh. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the readymade garment industry of Bangladesh. This study identified that the female garment workers work in a suppressive and unfavorable environment. They are abused by their supervisors and their colleagues at work. Sometimes, they are also sexually harassed at the workplace where they work. Therefore, they always remain in tension and work with high physical and mental pressures that have also an impact on their work performance. It is suggested in this study that the managers of RMG companies should change their behavior toward these illiterate female workers and are to be protected from the manipulation at work. Industrial Laws may strictly be used by the government to overcome this problem.
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Financial inclusion is a critical issue for enhancing the welfare of an economy as well as reducing income inequality by providing access to efficient financial services to both the privileged and the poor people of the country .Financial... more
Financial inclusion is a critical issue for enhancing the welfare of an economy as well as reducing income inequality by providing access to efficient financial services to both the privileged and the poor people of the country .Financial inclusion is a significant issue in Bangladesh as the majority of the population-especially women, farmers, and individuals do not have access to basic financial services such as credit, insurance, payment, etc. Thus, this paper aims at identifying the impacts of financial inclusion on the women SME entrepreneurs of Bangladesh .To conduct this research, 207 respondents were chosen from those women who either initiated their own SME or worked as an employee in one .A structured questionnaire with 5 points Likert scale was used to collect primary data .Multivariate analysis techniques like factor analysis, multiple regression analysis were performed to identify the impacts of financial inclusions on the women SME entrepreneurs of Bangladesh. The study finds the impact factors of financial inclusion on women SME entrepreneurs in Bangladesh. Factors such as, easiness in payment, comfortable in transaction, reduced unemployment problem due to the creation of agents, no network problem in transaction, and secured area coverage were found significant impact factors of financial inclusion on the women SME entrepreneurs in Bangladesh. Financial inclusion, small and medium enterprises, women SME entrepreneurs, easiness in payment, regression analysis. G20, L26, O31, O33 Financial inclusion in Bangladesh has a great impact on the socioeconomic lives of the people of the country. Study shows that around 40% of the adult population and 75% of households have access to financial services in Bangladesh which is an important indicator of their development. Financial inclusion has helped to access to finance, through banks, through agent banking, through mobile phones, through ATM, through Micro-Finance Institutions, through the insurance sector, and access to finance through the cooperatives sector of Bangladesh. Bangladesh Bank addressed the financial inclusion question both from the supply and demand sides. Bangladesh Bank's Financial Inclusion Initiatives (BBFII) also helped school banking, working/street children banking, agent banking, mobile financial services, financial literacy program, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) financing, and agricultural credit. Statistics show that the total number of banks and their branches in Bangladesh were 48 and 6,717 respectively in 2007, which reached to 57 and 9,955 respectively in 2017. Presently, the ratio of rural-urban bank branches stands at 48:52. The credit/deposit ratio of the scheduled banks excluding the specialized banks is 0.86, which was 0.81 a decade ago 2. Hence, Access to finance is an important initiative for promoting inclusive economic growth and eradicating poverty in Bangladesh. Access to finance.
The economic development of a developing country like Bangladesh depends on the development of entrepreneurship that again depends on the entrepreneurial intensions of the university graduates. But the intensions of the graduates are... more
The economic development of a developing country like Bangladesh depends on the development of entrepreneurship that again depends on the entrepreneurial intensions of the university graduates. But the intensions of the graduates are outlawed by a number of factors which are external and internal in nature. Therefore, this study aims at identifying the factors that prevent or discourage the university graduates of Bangladesh to initiate new business. To conduct the study, 210 recent business graduates were chosen and interviewed from eleven universities-five government universities and six private universities of Bangladesh. All the respondent interviewees were the recent business graduates. A structured questionnaire with five points Likert scale was used to collect primary data from the respondent graduates. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the present situation of the entrepreneurship development in Bangladesh. Inferential statistics like factor analysis and multiple regression analysis were used to identify the relationships between the overall entrepreneurship development and the specific factor(s) that prohibit university graduates to be entrepreneurial in Bangladesh. The study found that the lack of confidence and calmness in confronting difficulties, lack of aspiration to be a successful boss, lack of favorable environment for entrepreneurial activities, lack of encouragement and learning on entrepreneurship, and lack of capital and business knowledge are significant prohibiting factors for the business graduates to be entrepreneurial in Bangladesh. This study suggests that the policymakers should focus more on entrepreneurship learning at the university level, availability of capital, and creation of favorable business environment for the development of entrepreneurship in Bangladesh.
It is a pilot study, part of a thesis, where we attempted to find out emotional intelligence's four construct’s, Self-emotional awareness, recognizing others’ emotions and use of it, Identifying, Managing and Use of Emotions, Regulation... more
It is a pilot study, part of a thesis, where we attempted to find out emotional intelligence's four construct’s, Self-emotional awareness, recognizing others’ emotions and use of it, Identifying, Managing and Use of Emotions, Regulation of Emotion. Relationship with the leadership behaviours amongst the mid-level managers of readymade garments Bangladesh. The research used quantitative methodology, adopted survey method for collecting data. Four hundred and seventy (470) managers and same numbers (470) of workers who worked under those managers had been surveyed through structured questionnaires in fifty RMG factories
at Dhaka. Ten managers and ten workers were selected at random from each factory making it a total 940. We used SPSS to analyse the data. The result showed Use of Emotions had no significant role in determining the type of leadership behaviours likely to be practiced by mid-level managers of the RMG Bangladesh. The managers were also not well acquainted with the term emotional intelligence therefore, their use of it as a tool for leadership had been negligible. Keywords: Emotional Intelligence, Leadership behaviour, RMG, Bangladesh.
at Dhaka. Ten managers and ten workers were selected at random from each factory making it a total 940. We used SPSS to analyse the data. The result showed Use of Emotions had no significant role in determining the type of leadership behaviours likely to be practiced by mid-level managers of the RMG Bangladesh. The managers were also not well acquainted with the term emotional intelligence therefore, their use of it as a tool for leadership had been negligible. Keywords: Emotional Intelligence, Leadership behaviour, RMG, Bangladesh.
In this article, we look at recent developments in the Bangladesh garment industry on the issue of efficiency and productivity. First, we were looking for new ideas. How are companies trying to improve their efficiency? Then, we were... more
In this article, we look at recent developments in the Bangladesh garment industry on the issue of efficiency and productivity. First, we were looking for new ideas. How are companies trying to improve their efficiency?
Then, we were trying to see if there was a relationship between a companies‟ (x) efficiency and cost saving (a)
and increased revenue (y). Of course, intuitively, we would all hypothesize that there must be some relationship
between efficiency and reduction of cost of manufacturing and ultimately increased revenue. Further, we would all probably hypothesize that the slope of the function describing that relationship must be significantly higher than zero. Nevertheless, we tried to document the connection so that companies can believe it and give it more attention. Theoretical relationships are one of the weakest ways to try to persuade CEOs of the existence of anything. Show them the numbers, only then they will agree. This paper is an attempt to persuade a readymade garments manufacturing unit to increase efficiency to cut cost and increase revenue, we show that there is a direct causal relation to efficiency and revenue earnings.
Then, we were trying to see if there was a relationship between a companies‟ (x) efficiency and cost saving (a)
and increased revenue (y). Of course, intuitively, we would all hypothesize that there must be some relationship
between efficiency and reduction of cost of manufacturing and ultimately increased revenue. Further, we would all probably hypothesize that the slope of the function describing that relationship must be significantly higher than zero. Nevertheless, we tried to document the connection so that companies can believe it and give it more attention. Theoretical relationships are one of the weakest ways to try to persuade CEOs of the existence of anything. Show them the numbers, only then they will agree. This paper is an attempt to persuade a readymade garments manufacturing unit to increase efficiency to cut cost and increase revenue, we show that there is a direct causal relation to efficiency and revenue earnings.
This paper attempts to identify the factors concerning the effectiveness of training programs of government-owned commercial banks in Bangladesh. The banking industry of Bangladesh has witnessed tremendous growth since the country's... more
This paper attempts to identify the factors concerning the effectiveness of training programs of government-owned commercial banks in Bangladesh. The banking industry of Bangladesh has witnessed tremendous growth since the country's independence. Need-based training and development of manpower have become prerequisites for the continuous growth of this sector. The prominent government banks conduct numerous training programs for the fresh recruits and the existing staff as well. A sample of 205 bank personnel who received training from the state-owned banks was surveyed through a structured questionnaire. The responses of the employees were analyzed using the Exploratory Factor Analysis and Multiple Regression Analysis techniques. This paper finds that the development of overall skills, reduction of stress level, development of technical skills, need-based training programs, long-run productivity, and quality of the instructors are the significant factors contributing to the effectiveness of training programs of government banks in Bangladesh. The finding of this study implies that the bank managers should emphasize more on the reduction of stress level, development of technical skills, need-based training programs, long-run productivity, and quality of the instructors that directly affect the effectiveness of the training programs run by the government-owned commercial banks in Bangladesh.
Researchers have shown increasing interest, in recent times, in organizational politics and how it affects employees and organizations. This paper aims to investigate how perceived organizational politics (POPS) impact employee behaviors... more
Researchers have shown increasing interest, in recent times, in organizational politics and how it affects employees and organizations. This paper aims to investigate how perceived organizational politics (POPS) impact employee behaviors such as task performance, organizational citizenship and turnover intention, by affecting work-family conflict.
There is a paramount importance of the Readymade Garments (RMG) industry of Bangladesh as it is the highest contributor in earning foreign exchange for the country. But the industry is facing stiff competition from other RMG producing... more
There is a paramount importance of the Readymade Garments (RMG) industry of Bangladesh as it is the highest contributor in earning foreign exchange for the country. But the industry is facing stiff competition from other RMG producing countries including China, India, and Sri Lanka of the world. Hence, competitiveness especially at the manufacturing level became important for this industry. An efficient Supply Chain Management can increase the competitiveness and the satisfaction of the customers. Nowadays, SCM plays an integral part of a firm's success as it allows firms to quickly deliver products to the end-user for a low cost. Hence, RMG companies have very limited options other than implementing SCM as a strategy in order to remain competitive. This study intends to identify the impediments in applying sound SCM in the RMG industry. A mixed research method with a questionnaire survey has been employed for determining the impediments objectively. Use of descriptive analysis and Kendall Coefficient of Concordance have been made for ranking the challenges. This study found workplace safety, unavailability of raw materials and political instability are the major impediments for SCM applications in the RMG industry of Bangladesh.
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Recently in Bangladesh, frozen and ready-to-cook food industry is growing very fast due to high demand of these products by the city dwellers. These processed frozen and ready-to-cook food products are mainly related to fruits and... more
Recently in Bangladesh, frozen and ready-to-cook food industry is growing very fast due to high demand of these products by the city dwellers. These processed frozen and ready-to-cook food products are mainly related to fruits and vegetables, fish and meat-based products and wheat-based food products, etc. With the increase of population in the urban areas of Bangladesh, the citizens are becoming busy, families are becoming smaller, and the parents are getting associated with the jobs. As a result, people demand easy and “ready-to-cook” processed frozen food items. Families living in the cities are adopting their food habits towards frozen foods such as, processed meat, half boiled meat, processed fish, vegetables, fruits, porotah, samosa, shingara, pizza, etc. as these foods are easy to cook in a very short time. The reason for increased demand of these processed foods can also be attributed by the increased engagement of women at work and increased purchasing power of the people. Hence, this study aims at identifying the factors influencing the consumers’ perception about the frozen and ready-to-cook food products on Bangladeshi people. A survey was conducted among 211 frozen and ready-to-cook food consumers of Dhaka city with a structured questionnaire. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Factor analysis was conducted to identify the influencing factors related to the consumers’ perception about frozen and ready-to-cook food products. Regression analysis was accomplished to examine the impact of the factors on the overall consumers’ preferences of the processed frozen and ready-to-cook food products. Results show that the factors which influence the perception of the consumers about frozen and ready-to-cook food products are concerned with saving time, helpful and economic, low price, variety and good for health, brand image and quality, availability of the frozen foods, taste of the food, and attractive packaging of the food. Individual factor relationships show that the factors such as, saving time, the foods are helpful and economic, low price, variety and good for health, brand image and quality, and availability of the foods are significant and the factors such as, good taste of the food and attractive packaging of the food are not significant in the this study. This study suggests that the policymakers of the processed frozen and ready-to-cook food product manufacturers should give importance on these factors for increasing the demand of the products among the city dwellers of Bangladesh.
There is a high potentials of food processing industry in Bangladesh which is primarily derived from the agriculture sector of the country. Food processing industry is divided into two segments such as, production and distribution.... more
There is a high potentials of food processing industry in Bangladesh which is primarily derived from the agriculture sector of the country. Food processing industry is divided into two segments such as, production and distribution. Production segment refers to processing of meats and cheeses and the creating of soft drinks, alcoholic beverages, packaged foods, and other modified foods. While the distribution includes transporting the finished food products into the hands of consumers. The food processing industry is the fastest growing industry of Bangladesh since 2000. Due to recent development in food processing industry, a good number of entrepreneurs have been developed in this sector. This development can be attributed by the change of tastes and preferences of Bangladeshi people. Now, people of Bangladesh prefer buying processed food items from the grocery shops and departmental stores and prefer buying packaged food products. Hence, this study aims at identifying the critical factors of food processing entrepreneurs in Bangladesh. This study used both the qualitative and quantitative research methods. Respondent entrepreneurs were selected by simple random sampling method from the food processing industry of Bangladesh. Factor analysis was carried out to find out the critical factors of the entrepreneurs while multiple regression analysis was conducted to identify the relationships between the critical factors and the overall development of food processing industry in Bangladesh.Individual critical factors like use of information technology, family and friends support, and capability to compete in the market are significant critical factors for the food processing entrepreneurs in Bangladesh.
Banking sector is the most prominent and stable sector compared to other industrial sectors of Bangladesh. At present there are fifty-nine scheduled banks including forty-eight private commercial banks in Bangladesh operating under the... more
Banking sector is the most prominent and stable sector compared to other industrial sectors of Bangladesh. At present there are fifty-nine
scheduled banks including forty-eight private commercial banks in Bangladesh operating under the regulation of the central bank of Bangladesh
- Bangladesh Bank. There is a paramount importance of manpower planning of these commercial banks for achieving competitive advantage,
banks’ strategic objectives and keeping this sector stable in the economy. The basic function of manpower planning in a bank is to identify the
future needs and availability of human resources along with the skills required to perform bank’s activities to achieve their strategic goals. Hence,
this paper aims at evaluating the effectiveness of manpower planning practices of the private banks in Bangladesh. This study is based on a survey
of 206 employees of different levels of commercial banks of Bangladesh. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data.
Descriptive statistics were used to describe the present manpower planning practices of the commercial banking sector of Bangladesh. Inferential
statistics like factor analysis and multiple regression analysis were used to identify the relationships between the manpower planning practices
and the factors that are concerned with effectiveness of manpower planning practices of the commercial banks in Bangladesh. Results show that
Delphi technique and skill inventory practices and key position auditing techniques are the significant manpower planning techniques of the
commercial banks in Bangladesh. Factors like timely planning and audit, evenly distribution of work, addressing job turnover, adequate workload,
and comprehensive recruitment plan are also significantly related to the overall effectiveness of manpower planning practices of the commercial
banks in Bangladesh. This study suggests that the policymakers of the banks of Bangladesh should give importance on timely planning and audit,
evenly distribution of work, addressing job turnover, providing adequate workload, and comprehensive recruitment plan in order to bring
effectiveness of manpower planning practices in the commercial banks of Bangladesh. The policymakers also should adopt Delphi technique and
skill inventory practices, and key position auditing techniques in order to make manpower planning more effective in the banks.
scheduled banks including forty-eight private commercial banks in Bangladesh operating under the regulation of the central bank of Bangladesh
- Bangladesh Bank. There is a paramount importance of manpower planning of these commercial banks for achieving competitive advantage,
banks’ strategic objectives and keeping this sector stable in the economy. The basic function of manpower planning in a bank is to identify the
future needs and availability of human resources along with the skills required to perform bank’s activities to achieve their strategic goals. Hence,
this paper aims at evaluating the effectiveness of manpower planning practices of the private banks in Bangladesh. This study is based on a survey
of 206 employees of different levels of commercial banks of Bangladesh. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data.
Descriptive statistics were used to describe the present manpower planning practices of the commercial banking sector of Bangladesh. Inferential
statistics like factor analysis and multiple regression analysis were used to identify the relationships between the manpower planning practices
and the factors that are concerned with effectiveness of manpower planning practices of the commercial banks in Bangladesh. Results show that
Delphi technique and skill inventory practices and key position auditing techniques are the significant manpower planning techniques of the
commercial banks in Bangladesh. Factors like timely planning and audit, evenly distribution of work, addressing job turnover, adequate workload,
and comprehensive recruitment plan are also significantly related to the overall effectiveness of manpower planning practices of the commercial
banks in Bangladesh. This study suggests that the policymakers of the banks of Bangladesh should give importance on timely planning and audit,
evenly distribution of work, addressing job turnover, providing adequate workload, and comprehensive recruitment plan in order to bring
effectiveness of manpower planning practices in the commercial banks of Bangladesh. The policymakers also should adopt Delphi technique and
skill inventory practices, and key position auditing techniques in order to make manpower planning more effective in the banks.
The creation of small entrepreneurship in a developing country like Bangladesh has paramount importance in socioeconomic development of the country. The reasons can be attributed by the balanced growth and the inclusion of general masses... more
The creation of small entrepreneurship in a developing country like Bangladesh has paramount importance in socioeconomic development of the country. The reasons can be attributed by the balanced growth and the inclusion of general masses in the development process of the country. However, this development process is hindered by a number of unfavorable factors which are primarily concerned with personal, economic, social, environmental, political, and legal in nature. Access to the resources of the small entrepreneurs of the country should be ensured to initiate and run the small business in Bangladesh. Hence, this paper aims at exploring the factors that hinder the development of small business entrepreneurs in Bangladesh. This study follows both qualitative and quantitative research methods. Two hundred ten small entrepreneurs in different business sectors of Bangladesh such as, food processing, rice farming, freight forwarding, tea production, barbing salon, water refill station, grocery business, fish selling, cattle farming, etc. were interviewed with a structured
questionnaire. Factor analysis was conducted to identify the factors impede the small
entrepreneurial businesses in Bangladesh. Regression analysis was carried out to examine the relationships between the hindering factors and the overall development of small business entrepreneurship in Bangladesh. The results show that the lack of local support for starting and running business, lack of knowledge on information technology, lack of business experience, and lack of entrepreneurship training are important factors or barriers for the development of small entrepreneurial businesses in Bangladesh. This study suggests that the policy makers should focus more on stimulatory, supporting and sustaining activities to develop small business entrepreneurship in Bangladesh.
questionnaire. Factor analysis was conducted to identify the factors impede the small
entrepreneurial businesses in Bangladesh. Regression analysis was carried out to examine the relationships between the hindering factors and the overall development of small business entrepreneurship in Bangladesh. The results show that the lack of local support for starting and running business, lack of knowledge on information technology, lack of business experience, and lack of entrepreneurship training are important factors or barriers for the development of small entrepreneurial businesses in Bangladesh. This study suggests that the policy makers should focus more on stimulatory, supporting and sustaining activities to develop small business entrepreneurship in Bangladesh.
In last few decades, Bangladesh Readymade Garment (RMG) Industry of Bangladesh has become a leading manufacturing industry in the world with its constant growth. The Industry is of major importance to the national economy of Bangladesh as... more
In last few decades, Bangladesh Readymade Garment (RMG) Industry of Bangladesh has become a leading
manufacturing industry in the world with its constant growth. The Industry is of major importance to the national economy of Bangladesh as it contributes more than 80% of the country’s export earnings that amounts to about USD nineteen billion. The number of workers currently in this industry is more than 4.2 million and the number of factories is 5000 in different sizes. Despite this impressive growth, the performance of the workers in this industry is poor. Hence, this study aims at
identifying the work stress factors and their impact on work performance of the RMG workers in Bangladesh. This used both qualitative and quantitative research methods. Respondent workers were selected by simple random sampling method from ten garment companies that are located in the periphery of Dhaka city. The impact of the stress of the workers was assessed
by structured questionnaires. Two hundred ten readymade garment workers were interviewed from ten companies of different sizes for this study. Factor analysis was conducted to identify the factors related to stress of the workers that have impact on the work performance of the workers. Regression analysis was carried out to examine the impact of stress on
workers’ performance. The results show that the factors concerned with work stress symptoms are frustration and feeling of inefficiency, decrease satisfaction at work, problem of concentration at work and decrease of decision making ability. The performance impact factors are work pressure and frustration, understaffed workplace and work in holidays, job insecurity
and pressure to complete the assignments. This study suggests that the policy makers should focus on the stress factors identified in this research that have impact on the performance of the workers in this industry.
manufacturing industry in the world with its constant growth. The Industry is of major importance to the national economy of Bangladesh as it contributes more than 80% of the country’s export earnings that amounts to about USD nineteen billion. The number of workers currently in this industry is more than 4.2 million and the number of factories is 5000 in different sizes. Despite this impressive growth, the performance of the workers in this industry is poor. Hence, this study aims at
identifying the work stress factors and their impact on work performance of the RMG workers in Bangladesh. This used both qualitative and quantitative research methods. Respondent workers were selected by simple random sampling method from ten garment companies that are located in the periphery of Dhaka city. The impact of the stress of the workers was assessed
by structured questionnaires. Two hundred ten readymade garment workers were interviewed from ten companies of different sizes for this study. Factor analysis was conducted to identify the factors related to stress of the workers that have impact on the work performance of the workers. Regression analysis was carried out to examine the impact of stress on
workers’ performance. The results show that the factors concerned with work stress symptoms are frustration and feeling of inefficiency, decrease satisfaction at work, problem of concentration at work and decrease of decision making ability. The performance impact factors are work pressure and frustration, understaffed workplace and work in holidays, job insecurity
and pressure to complete the assignments. This study suggests that the policy makers should focus on the stress factors identified in this research that have impact on the performance of the workers in this industry.
Development of women entrepreneurship in the SME sector has a crucial importance in a developing country like Bangladesh where women constitute half of the total population. The majority of them are underprivileged, under nourished,... more
Development of women entrepreneurship in the SME sector has a crucial importance in a developing country like Bangladesh where women constitute half of the total population. The majority of them are underprivileged, under nourished, illiterate and poor. Hence, the development of women entrepreneurship has tremendous potentials for transforming the society through socioeconomic empowerment of the women. This potential is remained untapped in Bangladesh because of lower number of women entrepreneurs in business and economic activities. According to the Bangladesh Economic Review 2009, around six percent of the country’s $90 billion economy comes from SMEs, which is also the largest sector in terms of employment generation. But the women entrepreneurs are less than ten percent of the total entrepreneurs of the country. However, in the recent years, women entrepreneurship in small retail businesses of the country has been increasing which is a good sign for the positive growth of the economy. Therefore, for the development of women entrepreneurship in retail business sector of Bangladesh, identification of critical factors is highly important. These factors can be classified into three types such as, regulative, normative, and cognitive factors. This paper aims at identifying the critical factors related to the development of women entrepreneurship in the retail business sector of Bangladesh. For identifying the factors, 218 women entrepreneurs of retail businesses were interviewed with a structured questionnaire. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used in this study. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to identify the relationships between the critical factors and the overall development of women entrepreneurship in the retail business of Bangladesh. The results show that for the development of retail business women entrepreneurs, regulative, normative and cognitive factors are important. Regulative factors such as rules and regulations of the Government and its implementation are critical significant factors for the development of retail business women entrepreneurs in Bangladesh. This study suggests that the government and the policy making organizations should come forward to overcome of normative and cognitive barriers of the women entrepreneurship in the retail business of Bangladesh.
Research Interests:
In recent years, a good number of women entrepreneurs of Bangladesh are doing their businesses online. The reasons can be attributed by the development of IT infrastructure and the internet support facilities in the country. The number... more
In recent years, a good number of women entrepreneurs of Bangladesh are doing their
businesses online. The reasons can be attributed by the development of IT infrastructure and the internet support facilities in the country. The number of internet subscribers in Bangladesh is 86 million out of 170 million people of Bangladesh which is more than 50% of the total population. The rate of tele-density in Bangladesh is 91%. With the use of modern information technology and ease of internet, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) have made its way in online business which is expanding the e-commerce business of the country. It is popularly opined that the online business is the business of women entrepreneurs in Bangladesh. Studies show that the majority of the owners of these online SMEs are women and the number is continuously increasing in this sector. Hence, this paper aims at identifying the factors that led to the development of online women entrepreneurship in Bangladesh. A survey was conducted among 200online women entrepreneurs of Bangladesh who are primarily involved in clothing, beauty care products, fashion and accessories and musical instruments businesses. Factor analysis was conducted to identify the
factors related to the development of online women entrepreneurs in Bangladesh. Regression analysis was carried out to examine the impact of influencing factors on the overall development of online women entrepreneurs in Bangladesh. Results show that the factors concerned with the expansion of online women entrepreneurship in Bangladesh are government incentives, business experience of the entrepreneurs, market demand, management capability of the entrepreneur, tax and other government charges for doing online business, tastes and preferences of the people of the country, support from husband and family members of the women entrepreneurs. If the policymakers can address these factors, the development of online women entrepreneurship in Bangladesh will be excelled.
businesses online. The reasons can be attributed by the development of IT infrastructure and the internet support facilities in the country. The number of internet subscribers in Bangladesh is 86 million out of 170 million people of Bangladesh which is more than 50% of the total population. The rate of tele-density in Bangladesh is 91%. With the use of modern information technology and ease of internet, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) have made its way in online business which is expanding the e-commerce business of the country. It is popularly opined that the online business is the business of women entrepreneurs in Bangladesh. Studies show that the majority of the owners of these online SMEs are women and the number is continuously increasing in this sector. Hence, this paper aims at identifying the factors that led to the development of online women entrepreneurship in Bangladesh. A survey was conducted among 200online women entrepreneurs of Bangladesh who are primarily involved in clothing, beauty care products, fashion and accessories and musical instruments businesses. Factor analysis was conducted to identify the
factors related to the development of online women entrepreneurs in Bangladesh. Regression analysis was carried out to examine the impact of influencing factors on the overall development of online women entrepreneurs in Bangladesh. Results show that the factors concerned with the expansion of online women entrepreneurship in Bangladesh are government incentives, business experience of the entrepreneurs, market demand, management capability of the entrepreneur, tax and other government charges for doing online business, tastes and preferences of the people of the country, support from husband and family members of the women entrepreneurs. If the policymakers can address these factors, the development of online women entrepreneurship in Bangladesh will be excelled.
Banks and financial institutions of Bangladesh invest a large amount of money for training purposes in building and enhancing capacity of their human resources. But whether this investment is effective or not is a question often asked by... more
Banks and financial institutions of Bangladesh invest a large amount of money for training purposes in building and enhancing capacity of their human resources. But whether this investment is effective or not is a question often asked by the policymakers of these institutions. These institutions usually train their employees by using off-the-job training methods like seminars, workshops, lectures, etc. along with on-the-job training methods to improve the performance of the employees. A lion's share of training budget is usually used for off-the-job training purposes that add value for the development of knowledge, skills and abilities (KSA) of the employees'. But the effectiveness of these training methods is often questioned due to traditional lecture-based training sessions. To make the employees more attractive to training programs, interactive and value adding training methods can increase the effectiveness of the training. Hence, this paper aims at identifying the factors that can improve the effectiveness of the off-the-job training methods in commercial banks of Bangladesh. This study used both qualitative and quantitative research methods. A survey was conducted among the bank officers who received off-the-job training with structured questionnaire. A total of 300 bank officers at different levels of the banks were interviewed. Eight leading private and public commercial banks were included in the survey. Factor Analysis was used to identify the factors related to the effectiveness of off-the-job training methods while Multiple Regression was used to identify the relationships between the overall effectiveness of the training and the effectiveness factors related to off-the-job training. Results show that the effectiveness of the off-the-job training methods depends on four significant factors such as, acquiring knowledge and skills, logistics support, invitation of comments by the trainers and participation of the trainees, and participation of the trainees in Training Needs Assessment (TNA). This study suggests that off-the-job training methods can be made more effective by ensuring effective delivery of knowledge, providing proper logistics supports, engaging trainees in training sessions, and ensuring participation of the trainees in training need assessment processes of the banks.
Private sector banks are important segments of the economy of Bangladesh. This sector has already been recognized as a significant industry for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) of Bangladesh. However, managing private... more
Private sector banks are important segments of the economy of Bangladesh. This sector has already been recognized as a significant industry for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) of Bangladesh. However, managing private organizations has become very challenging due to highly competitive market and higher level of employee turnover especially in the private banking sector. It is observed that to attain the competitive advantage, private bank employees are undertaking heavy workload that leads to higher level of stress at work and is increasing turnover intention among the employees. This study has been designed to explore the factors that are accountable to create stress among the private bank employees in Bangladesh which are creating turnover intention among them. Hence, this study identified the relationships between job stress factors and the increase of turnover intentions among the bank employees in Bangladesh. A total of 206 bank employees at different levels of the banks were interviewed from ten private commercial banks of Bangladesh. A structured questionnaire was designed through literature review to collect the information from the respondent employees. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Multivariate analysis techniques were used to identify the work stress factors having influence on the turnover intention among the private bank employees in Bangladesh. Results show that there are four stress factors that increase the turnover tension among the private bank employees in Bangladesh such as, (i) long hours and fast work, (ii) clearness of goals and objectives of work, (iii) workload and change in mindset, and (iv) flexibility at work. This study suggests that the policymakers of the private commercial banks should address the issues like long hours and fast work, clearness of goals and objectives of work, workload and change in mindset and flexibility at work for reducing turnover intentions of the bank employees in Bangladesh.
The Banking sector is the most stable sector compared to other industrial units of Bangladesh. Presently, there are fifty-nine scheduled banks, including nine public banks in Bangladesh. A large number of people as employees are being... more
The Banking sector is the most stable sector compared to other industrial units of Bangladesh. Presently, there are fifty-nine scheduled banks, including nine public banks in Bangladesh. A large number of people as employees are being connected with these banks. Their loyalty towards their jobs, along with other factors has an impact on the bank's overall performance in this sector. Hence, this paper aims at evaluating the factors affecting the loyalty of public bank employees in Bangladesh. The Literature review found that various intrinsic and extrinsic factors impacts the fidelity of Public Bank employees in Bangladesh. Some innate factors like level of satisfaction, verbal performance appraisal, organizational reputation plays a major impact on the loyalty of the employees. Moreover, some extrinsic factors like compensation, training, career development, working environment impacts directly on the fealty of the employees. These factors are independent variables. Moreover, organizational well-being, financial performance are dependent variables. This study has been based on a survey of 200 employees of five leading public banks of Bangladesh. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the overall loyalty condition of the employees of the public banking sector in Bangladesh. Inferential statistics like factor analysis, multiple regression analysis was used to identify the relationships between the loyalty of the employees and the factors that affect the loyalty of the employees of public banks in Bangladesh. Results show that factors like prompt service and well dressed and politeness affect the homage of public bank employees in Bangladesh.
Telecom industry is a booming industry in Bangladesh. This industry has seen a tremendous growth in mobile penetration that has exceeded all expectations with over 154 million subscribers as of August 2018 versus only 4 million in 2004.... more
Telecom industry is a booming industry in Bangladesh. This industry has seen a tremendous growth in mobile penetration that has exceeded all expectations with over 154 million subscribers as of August 2018 versus only 4 million in 2004. To ensure sustainable growth of this large industry, the organizations have to recruit and retain their intellectual resources. In this age of highly volatile business environment, telecom companies of Bangladesh are continuously exposed by the job changing attitude of their valued employees. The employees are prone to switch their jobs to make their career advancements rather than focusing on the fundamental development of their organizations. They leave organizations for numerous reasons ranging from financial to personal ambition and in some case supervisor‟s behavior, organizational culture
and the working environment. Hence, this paper aims at identifying the significant factors that influence employee turnover in telecom industry of Bangladesh. The purpose of the study is to identify the factors that lead to employee turnover in these organizations. To conduct this research, 206 telecom employees at different levels were selected from three largest telecom companies of Bangladesh and interviewed. The sampled companies are: Grameen Phone Ltd, Robi Axiata Ltd, Banglalink Digital Communications Ltd. A structured questionnaire was used to collect primary information which was scored according to the liker-scale. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used in analyzing data collected from survey. Multivariate analysis technique like factor analysis was performed to identify the factors of the turnover intention of the telecom employees in Bangladesh. Multiple regressions were run to identify the relationships between the factors identified and the overall
turnover intention of the employees in this sector. The results show that there are seven factors concerning the turnover in tension of the telecom sector industry of Bangladesh. The factors are: dishonesty and conflict with the supervisor, fulfillment of personal demand and promotion, supervisor change induces job switch, unfair performance influence turnover, alternative employee affects turnover, geographic location affects turnover decision, and fringe benefits help staying in the company.
and the working environment. Hence, this paper aims at identifying the significant factors that influence employee turnover in telecom industry of Bangladesh. The purpose of the study is to identify the factors that lead to employee turnover in these organizations. To conduct this research, 206 telecom employees at different levels were selected from three largest telecom companies of Bangladesh and interviewed. The sampled companies are: Grameen Phone Ltd, Robi Axiata Ltd, Banglalink Digital Communications Ltd. A structured questionnaire was used to collect primary information which was scored according to the liker-scale. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used in analyzing data collected from survey. Multivariate analysis technique like factor analysis was performed to identify the factors of the turnover intention of the telecom employees in Bangladesh. Multiple regressions were run to identify the relationships between the factors identified and the overall
turnover intention of the employees in this sector. The results show that there are seven factors concerning the turnover in tension of the telecom sector industry of Bangladesh. The factors are: dishonesty and conflict with the supervisor, fulfillment of personal demand and promotion, supervisor change induces job switch, unfair performance influence turnover, alternative employee affects turnover, geographic location affects turnover decision, and fringe benefits help staying in the company.
Training Need Assessment (TNA) is a process to identify the gap between current performance and the departmental objectives. It’s a diagnostic tool that helps reducing the gap between employee skills and the skills required by the job.... more
Training Need Assessment (TNA) is a process to identify the gap between current performance and the departmental objectives. It’s a diagnostic tool that helps reducing the gap between employee skills and the skills required by the job. Effective training need assessment forms the basis or benchmark for determining the effectiveness of the training programs. This study aims at identifying the effectiveness of TNA practices of the private sector banks of Bangladesh. As the respondents are highly qualified and work directly in the HR and Training Departments of the banks, a sample size of 100 was deemed appropriate for this study. The respondent managers were chosen by using convenience sampling method. A structured questionnaire was developed to collect the pertinent information from the HR and Training Managers of 10 leading private sector banks of Bangladesh. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics. Results show that the reasons for declining the performance of the bankers are directly concerned with the lack of positive attitude toward job, lack of motivation and dissatisfaction about the job. Results also show that only few need
assessment techniques such as, management audit, interview customers and employees, written tests, assessment centre, survey, and individual development plans are used by the banks to assess the training needs in Bangladesh. This study also identified unavailability of training programs, location of training venue, lack of managerial support, capacity of the trainees, budget of the training, and the length of training programs are the most important hindrances for improving the effectiveness of the training programs of the banks. It is suggested that the effectiveness of TNA and training programs can be increased by improving training environment, managing organization, service quality, time management, leadership, and increase budgets of the training programs of the private sector banks in Bangladesh.
assessment techniques such as, management audit, interview customers and employees, written tests, assessment centre, survey, and individual development plans are used by the banks to assess the training needs in Bangladesh. This study also identified unavailability of training programs, location of training venue, lack of managerial support, capacity of the trainees, budget of the training, and the length of training programs are the most important hindrances for improving the effectiveness of the training programs of the banks. It is suggested that the effectiveness of TNA and training programs can be increased by improving training environment, managing organization, service quality, time management, leadership, and increase budgets of the training programs of the private sector banks in Bangladesh.
Bangladesh is a densely populated country of the world. More than 170 million people live in this country. Mobile banking is a very important and new phenomenon in Bangladesh. In recent years, mobile banking has got highest importance by... more
Bangladesh is a densely populated country of the world. More than 170 million people live in this country. Mobile banking is a very important and new phenomenon in Bangladesh. In recent years, mobile banking has got highest importance by the customers in the country as it provides immense scope for consumers for banking transactions at any time with the option to access bank’s facilities anywhere of the country. It is a subset of electronic banking, the use of which is increasing day by day in Bangladesh. Hence, this paper aims at identifying the factors that influence the customer experience in mobile banking in Bangladesh. This study is based on a survey of 231 mobile banking customers of nine private commercial banks of Bangladesh. Literature review identified some factors related to mobile banking like convenient and responsive system, transaction speed and accuracy, reliability, transaction security in ATM booth and technological difficulty that affect customers’ experience in mobile banking systems etc. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the present situation of the mobile banking systems in Bangladesh.
This paper attempts to identify the service requirements for the aged in Bangladesh. As aging is a matter of social concern, this study identifies the problems and limitations of the services provided for the aged. Secondary data were... more
This paper attempts to identify the service requirements for the aged in Bangladesh. As aging is a matter of social concern, this study identifies the problems and limitations of the services provided for the aged. Secondary data were used to conduct this study. Findings show that being sympathized to the elders, some government and voluntary institutions are taking part to mitigate their sufferings that are mostly inadequate and cumbersome to the elders. This could be attributed by the disorganization of the services, social myths and prejudice, social structures, negative attitude towards the aged and value conflict. Expansion of community care services for the aged, social security programs, counseling, awareness campaign etc. are the few recommendations by which this problem could be addressed.
Training and development activities in the banking sector of Bangladesh are quite extensive due to the compliance requirements for the central bank and other banks. These training programmes focus not only on increasing knowledge but also... more
Training and development activities in the banking sector of Bangladesh are quite extensive due to the compliance requirements for the central bank and other banks. These training programmes focus not only on increasing knowledge but also on transferring that knowledge to the job. However, the effectiveness with which training is transferred primarily depends on the motivation to transfer. There is extant research from recent years on the motivation to transfer training in different industries and in this sector. However, little is known about the motivation to transfer training in the banking industry of Bangladesh. Thus, this study attempts to identify the factors that influence the motivation to transfer training in the banking sector of Bangladesh. A sample of 275 employees who obtained training from banks was surveyed using a structured questionnaire. Data were analysed using the structural equation modelling (SEM) technique. The results show that self-efficacy, supervisory support and opportunity to perform have a significant impact on the motivation to transfer training in the banking industry of Bangladesh. This study suggests that the supervisory styles and working environment of banks play the most important role in motivating employees to transfer training in this sector of Bangladesh.
The RMG industry of Bangladesh is the main sector of foreign earnings. There are more than 4,000 garment companies in the country. More than 75 per cent of the foreign earnings come from this sector. More than four million workers are... more
The RMG industry of Bangladesh is the main sector of foreign earnings. There are more than 4,000 garment companies in the country. More than 75 per cent of the foreign earnings come from this sector. More than four million workers are working.in this industry of which 90 per cent is women coming from rural areas of Bangladesh. It is claimed by the employers that the garment companies have helped to develop the socioeconomic status of the women working in this sector. Hence, this study aims at identifying the socioeconomic factors of the garment workers of Bangladesh. ?he study is based on a survey of 242 female workers of 29 garment companies located in different Savar and Ashulia of Dhaka division where most of the RMG companies are located.
Eating outside the home became a new trend nowadays in Dhaka city of Bangladesh, and that has an impact on the restaurant industry of Dhaka. This is due to the increase in income and the changes in tastes and preference of the city... more
Eating outside the home became a new trend nowadays in Dhaka city of Bangladesh, and that has an impact on the restaurant industry of Dhaka. This is due to the increase in income and the changes in tastes and preference of the city dwellers. Hence, this study has been designed to identify the factors influencing the selection of restaurants by the Dhaka city dwellers. Both primary and secondary data were used to conduct this study. A structured questionnaire having five-point scale, one having strongly disagreed and five having strongly agreed used to conduct the survey. The data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics were sued to descriptive the restaurants, and the variables of Dhaka city and inferential statistics were used to identify the relationship between the factors influencing the selection of the restaurants and the overall selection decision of the restaurant customers. Results show that the restaurant customers are influenced by five factors such as customer service, availability of variety and junk foods, maintenance of privacy, the brand name of the restaurant, and availability of ready-made food in Dhaka. Keywords: customer service, availability of variety of foods, maintenance of privacy, brand name of the restaurant, availability of ready-made food. Abstract-Eating outside the home became a new trend nowadays in Dhaka city of Bangladesh, and that has an impact on the restaurant industry of Dhaka. This is due to the increase in income and the changes in tastes and preference of the city dwellers. Hence, this study has been designed to identify the factors influencing the selection of restaurants by the Dhaka city dwellers. Both primary and secondary data were used to conduct this study. A structured questionnaire having five-point scale, one having strongly disagreed and five having strongly agreed used to conduct the survey. The data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics were sued to descriptive the restaurants, and the variables of Dhaka city and inferential statistics were used to identify the relationship between the factors influencing the selection of the restaurants and the overall selection decision of the restaurant customers. Results show that the restaurant customers are influenced by five factors such as customer service, availability of variety and junk foods, maintenance of privacy, the brand name of the restaurant, and availability of ready-made food in Dhaka. Factors like customer service, maintenance of privacy, the brand name of the restaurant, and availability of ready-made food are found significant for selecting the restaurant of Dhaka dwellers for dining at the restaurants. This study also identified that the availability of a variety of foods is not the determinant for selecting a restaurant by the customers of Dhaka. This study suggests that the restaurants doing business in Dhaka City should focus on the factors like customers' service, maintenance of privacy, brand name, and availability of ready-made foods for obtaining more customers in their restaurants for the growth and development in future. Keywords: customer service, availability of variety of foods, maintenance of privacy, brand name of the restaurant, availability of ready-made food.
The Glass ceiling b an important barrier in the developing world like Bangladesh. But there are few studies on the private sector businesses of Bangladesh in this regard. Hence, this study aims to determine the influence of glass ceiling... more
The Glass ceiling b an important barrier in the developing world like Bangladesh. But there are few studies on the private sector businesses of Bangladesh in this regard. Hence, this study aims to determine the influence of glass ceiling factors on the job satisfaction and job switching decisions of female employees ii the private sector business o/ Bangladesh. This study was concluded by using a structured questionnaire on 177 female employees from the private sector industries such as, banking and telecommunication sectors of Bangladesh. The data were collected using random sampling techniques. The study used Ordered Logit and Binary Logit Regression techniques. This study found that female employees working in banking sector hold more job satisfaction than those of the telecommunication sector. This study also found that glass ceiling related variables has no significant relationship with the job satisfaction of female employees, but there are overall glass ceiling factors that have statistically significant influences on their decisions about changing the existing jobs of women employees. The glass ceiling factors are concerned with the discrimination: by any male colleague. to move to higher management position, /or promotion, and in job security, and switching to better jobs. Some ^other glass ceiling factors also show a statistically significant relationship with not willing to change job. These are: the married women or the women who like-to be isolated in the workplace, or those who haw a good network and understanding within the organization. In order to improve the situation, several initiatives need to be taken in the organization like awareness building, standard and ethical human resource practices, strict policies for discriminatory attitudes and behavior, etc.
This paper examines the concepts, theories, and techniques of motivation, which are important aspects of managerial and administrative people in business and industry. The performance of any organization depends on the efficiency of... more
This paper examines the concepts, theories, and techniques of motivation, which are important aspects of managerial and administrative people in business and industry. The performance of any organization depends on the efficiency of individuals, and that could be achieved when they are motivated with their works. Motivation is the inner force or drive of individuals constituted through feelings, experience, realization of job, work, and behavior of management that directs them to accomplish their work assignments. Definitions pertaining to motivation also disclosed that this force is directed to satisfy or fulfill needs, wants, expectations, and desires This force could be made favorable by making change of needs and wants satisfying factors that are widely known as means of motivation. The motivational means might broadly be of two types financial and non-financial By adapting the means of motivation, company can create motivational and well-disciplined work environment that are essential for the present complex business world.
Microcredit programs have a positive socioeconomic impact on the rural female borrowers of Bangladesh. This study suggests that the microcredit programs do not help the borrowers to develop any entrepreneurial capabilities other than... more
Microcredit programs have a positive socioeconomic impact on the rural
female borrowers of Bangladesh. This study suggests that the microcredit
programs do not help the borrowers to develop any entrepreneurial
capabilities other than survival. Thus, this paper aims at identifying the
factors related to the development of entrepreneurship among rural women
through the microcredit programs of providers. A multivariate analysis
technique (Factor Analysis) was conducted to identify the factors related to
entrepreneurship development. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was
used to identify the relationship between microcredit programs and the
development of rural female entrepreneurship in Bangladesh. Results show
that financial management skills are the most important factor and have a
significant relationship with the development of rural women and
entrepreneurship. Results also show that the group identities of the female
borrowers have a significant relationship with the rural entrepreneurship
development in Bangladesh. A borrower’s experience from the parents’
families and the limitation of options also lead to the development of
entrepreneurship among the rural female borrowers of Bangladesh.
female borrowers of Bangladesh. This study suggests that the microcredit
programs do not help the borrowers to develop any entrepreneurial
capabilities other than survival. Thus, this paper aims at identifying the
factors related to the development of entrepreneurship among rural women
through the microcredit programs of providers. A multivariate analysis
technique (Factor Analysis) was conducted to identify the factors related to
entrepreneurship development. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was
used to identify the relationship between microcredit programs and the
development of rural female entrepreneurship in Bangladesh. Results show
that financial management skills are the most important factor and have a
significant relationship with the development of rural women and
entrepreneurship. Results also show that the group identities of the female
borrowers have a significant relationship with the rural entrepreneurship
development in Bangladesh. A borrower’s experience from the parents’
families and the limitation of options also lead to the development of
entrepreneurship among the rural female borrowers of Bangladesh.
This study attempts to identify the critical success factors for strengthening and development of poultry entrepreneurs in Bangladesh. Multivariate analysis using factor analysis technique has been used to analyze the data. Fifteen... more
This study attempts to identify the critical success factors for
strengthening and development of poultry entrepreneurs in Bangladesh.
Multivariate analysis using factor analysis technique has been used to
analyze the data. Fifteen factors were identified as crucial for success in
poultry business. These factors explain more than eighty percent of
the variability of data. The results show that the entrepreneurial
success of poultry business highly depends on sociopolitical
orientation of the entrepreneurs. Achievement motivation, efficiency,
commitment towards work, dynamism, and self-confidence are also
found to be crucial for success in poultry firm operation. The other
factors include profit seeking, flexibility, instant decision making
capability, cooperation from the stakeholders, independence,
knowledge of technology, continuous adjustment with environment,
learning by experience, and enjoying work.
strengthening and development of poultry entrepreneurs in Bangladesh.
Multivariate analysis using factor analysis technique has been used to
analyze the data. Fifteen factors were identified as crucial for success in
poultry business. These factors explain more than eighty percent of
the variability of data. The results show that the entrepreneurial
success of poultry business highly depends on sociopolitical
orientation of the entrepreneurs. Achievement motivation, efficiency,
commitment towards work, dynamism, and self-confidence are also
found to be crucial for success in poultry firm operation. The other
factors include profit seeking, flexibility, instant decision making
capability, cooperation from the stakeholders, independence,
knowledge of technology, continuous adjustment with environment,
learning by experience, and enjoying work.
There is a controversy among the researchers regarding the concept of high technology (high-tech) firms. Therefore, an attempt has been made to identify the specific aspects or characteristics of high-tech firms and its application in... more
There is a controversy among the researchers regarding the concept of high technology (high-tech) firms. Therefore, an attempt has been made to identify the specific aspects or characteristics of high-tech firms and its application in software designing firms (SDFs). The study shows that most of the researchers have the
convergence among their opinion of high-tech firms. They defined high-tech concept with the help of different products and services of companies in diverse environment. The specific aspects of high-tech firms are: product and process sophistication, research and development intensity, technically educated employees, a fast rate of
growth and high degree of vulnerability, scarcity of human resources familiar with the technologies, all or parts of the products are based on the recent innovations or new technologies, a worldwide product for its market, new technology makes existing technology obsolete very quickly, turbulent environment characterized by realignment
of competitors, changing customers needs, changing regulations, new competing products and so on. It is also identified that SDF's are high-tech firms.
convergence among their opinion of high-tech firms. They defined high-tech concept with the help of different products and services of companies in diverse environment. The specific aspects of high-tech firms are: product and process sophistication, research and development intensity, technically educated employees, a fast rate of
growth and high degree of vulnerability, scarcity of human resources familiar with the technologies, all or parts of the products are based on the recent innovations or new technologies, a worldwide product for its market, new technology makes existing technology obsolete very quickly, turbulent environment characterized by realignment
of competitors, changing customers needs, changing regulations, new competing products and so on. It is also identified that SDF's are high-tech firms.
In recent years, many articles, books, journals, business community and government have been focusing the issue of technology park as a vehicle of technology transfer and technological development. Study shows that technology park has a... more
In recent years, many articles, books, journals, business community and government have been focusing the issue of technology park as a vehicle of technology transfer and technological development. Study shows that technology park has a paramount importance in transferring technology through some means such as innovation process' technological advancement education and training, information gathering, patenting and licensing, entrepreneurial services' commercial promotion. financing etc. The technology park can enhance the diffusion of new technologies' can set up the companies and can upgrade the whole industrial structure through technology transfer.
The study is aimed at evaluating the views of consumers and retailers of Bangladesh regarding fairness. It can be said that .fairness is not anything that is universally consistent. Though fairness in business is recognized all over the... more
The study is aimed at evaluating the views of consumers and retailers of Bangladesh regarding fairness. It can be said that .fairness is not anything that is universally consistent. Though fairness in business is recognized all over the world, nevertheless, it is viewed that it sometimes works against the profit seeking. The study shows that the attitude towards fairness depends a lot on the operating environment of business. The opinion regarding .fairness of the retailers and the consumers is also sometimes different due to differences in their expectations. The study reveals that the views of the two groups are alike. The retailers are found very much community concerned and not always profit seekers. On the other hand, the consumers approve of rational price rise by the retailers. This behavior of both the groups is mainly due to the culture, religion and social norms of Bangladesh.
This paper examines the effect of technological change on job security, job satisfaction,,work relations s and the overall socioeconomic situation of medium and lower skilled workers in Thailand. It also investigates the ' influence of... more
This paper examines the effect of technological change on job security, job satisfaction,,work relations s and the overall socioeconomic situation of medium and lower skilled workers in Thailand. It also investigates the ' influence of job security, job satisfaction and work relations on the overall situation of workers. Results show that the work pride,. supervision quality. internal communication. fair pay. workers involvement in the change process, personal control and the overall situation are positively influenced by the technological change. The negative effects are increased skill demands. workloads, proximity in work assignments, and strikes. Unskilled textile workers are more involved in downsizing from the change than garment workers are. The more skill demands and more frustration leads to a less positive overall impact on workers. The more involvement of workers in the change process and more personal control over their work result in more positive overall impact. Job satisfaction factors are not significantly related to the overall impact. However, job security, job satisfaction and work relations together are significantly related to the overall socioeconomic impact of technological change on Thai workers.
Readymade garment industry is the largest export earning sector of Bangladesh. This industry started its journey since 1972 with a few garment companies which is now 5000 in number. More than 4.20 million workers are working in this... more
Readymade garment industry is the largest export earning sector of Bangladesh. This industry started its journey since 1972 with a few garment companies which is now 5000 in number. More than 4.20 million workers are working in this industry of which 90 percent are rural women. In 2014-2015, this industry earned USD 25.49 billion through export which is 81% of the total export eamings of Bangladesh. As this industry became important in recent years, safety issues also became dominant to the foreign buyers due to frequent accidents and deaths of the workers. While the safety climate is studied mostly in different manufacturing industries in western countries, less is known about the ready-made garment industry of developing countries like Bangladesh. Hence, &is sudy aims at identiffing the safety climate of RMG industry and its precaution measures in Begladesh-A data of 301 workers and 35 managers of 23 companies were collected through a stnrctured questionnaire. For identitring the factors concenring the safety climate, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed. Structural Equation Modeling (SEIO has been used to identify the relationships between the safety climate factors and the overall safety measures of this industry. The results show that there are a number of safety factors concemed with the safety climate of RMG industry in Bangladesh such x, safety policy, safety motivation, emergency preparedness, safety training, safety communication, management commitment to safety, and safety priorrbl. This study also found that there is a significant relationship between the overall safety environment of RMG indusfiry with the safety motivation, safety training, safety communication, management commiunent to safety, and safety priority of the RMG companies of Bangladesh. It is recommended that the policymakers of this industry should make appropriate policy for the improvement of safety climate that will revive the good image of RMG industry of Bangladesh to the foreign buyers.
There is a paramount importance of human resource in a modern organization for its sustainability in future. Without the support of HR, machines remain idle, raw materials lie stacked, money get tied up, and other wings of the... more
There is a paramount importance of human resource in a modern organization for its sustainability in future. Without the support of HR, machines remain idle, raw materials lie stacked, money get tied up, and other wings of the organization crake down. Titas Gas Transmission and Distribution Company Limited (TGTDCL) is the largest state-owned public limited gas company operating in the energy sector of Bangladesh under the corporation of Bangladesh oil, gas and mineral resources (Petrobangla). This company is managed by the ministry of power, energy and mineral resources of Bangladesh. It is the most important and largest state-run company in terms of revenue earning, employment generation, and poverty alleviation of the country. Therefore, this study aims at evaluating the human resource management (HRM) systems of TGTDCL of Bangladesh. The study reveals that HRM systems of TGTDCL follow Bangladesh Service Rules and unified service rules of Petrobangla. " Service regulations of TGTDCL 1987 and 2008 " as well as " Bangladesh Labor Law 2006 " are used in this company. There is no unique HRM division as well as comprehensive HRM policy of this organization. The HR related activities are performed partially by the administrative, HRD, and establishment departments. The study also shows that the HRM activities of TGTDCL are still traditional, backdated and not motivating to the skilled, brilliant and efficient employees of the company. There is formal Human Resource and Succession Planning. Although the management has developed recently Titas gas human resource information systems (HRIS), it has not yet been implemented. The recruitment and selection process is standard but ineffective due to lengthy, irregular, and outdated implementation systems. Scattered informal and formal orientation programs are arranged for the newly recruited employees. Training is hardly based on training need assessment (TNA). Although the company arranges regular domestic and foreign training, there is hardly formal training policy of the company. The systematic promotion policy exists in the organization but not properly implemented due to the slow implementation process. The performance appraisal system is traditional and not motivating for the skilled employees. The benefits and other packages are as per government rules but far below the market standard. Fringe benefits are more than the other government employees. The grievance handling procedure is time-consuming and often ineffective. Transfer, leave, and deputations are as per government rules. There is a good peer relation between the management and the trade union. Employees' welfare, safety and security measures are satisfactory compared to other government organizations. This study suggests that strategic HR planning, effective HRIS, formal job description should be developed through job analysis. Recruitment and selection process, TNA, training manual, career planning, effective and updated promotion policy, performance appraisal systems, transfer, deputation, employee discipline and grievance handling procedures, and employee welfare policies are to be improved by the policymakers to improve the productivity of this company.
The study attempts to eval.late the performance of Jiban Bima CorPoration (JBC), the only nationalized life insurance company of Bangladesh by analyzing the trend of few selective indicators and fundamentals over a period of twenty... more
The study attempts to eval.late the performance of Jiban Bima CorPoration
(JBC), the only nationalized life insurance company of Bangladesh by analyzing the trend of few selective indicators and fundamentals over a period of twenty years (1979-1998). Although, the analysis of performance of JBC shows a gradual upward trend of various indicators like profits and profitability, value added, Life funds, premium income and income from investment - fundamental analysis reveals that overall profitability of JBC during the years under review is not satisfactory. The poor performance is attributable to the low growth rate of premium,earning compared to the overall growth rate of country's Me insurance business and inadequate rate of return on investment, which is less than the bank rate - a benchmark of minimum interest rate among the overall market interest rates. Reasons of inadequate rate of return are major share of investment are locked in low income bearing term deposits and very small proportion of investment is engaged in shares, debenture and other high income earning securities. So it is evident from the study that performance of JBC can be improved by efficient portfolio management and energizing the policy expanding drive.
(JBC), the only nationalized life insurance company of Bangladesh by analyzing the trend of few selective indicators and fundamentals over a period of twenty years (1979-1998). Although, the analysis of performance of JBC shows a gradual upward trend of various indicators like profits and profitability, value added, Life funds, premium income and income from investment - fundamental analysis reveals that overall profitability of JBC during the years under review is not satisfactory. The poor performance is attributable to the low growth rate of premium,earning compared to the overall growth rate of country's Me insurance business and inadequate rate of return on investment, which is less than the bank rate - a benchmark of minimum interest rate among the overall market interest rates. Reasons of inadequate rate of return are major share of investment are locked in low income bearing term deposits and very small proportion of investment is engaged in shares, debenture and other high income earning securities. So it is evident from the study that performance of JBC can be improved by efficient portfolio management and energizing the policy expanding drive.
This paper aims at identifying the present situation of the health insurance policies in the rural areas of Bangladesh and explores factors for successful introduction of health insurance schemes for tlie households living in... more
This paper aims at identifying the present situation of the health insurance policies in the rural areas of Bangladesh and explores factors for successful introduction
of
health
insurance
schemes
for
tlie
households
living
in
these areas.
The study
noted that the
rural
health
insurance
schemes
are
still
in
a
very
formative
stage inBangladesh.
The
results
showed
that the
factors
needed
to
be
considered are
awareness
about health
insurance
policy,
capacity
to
pay
premium,
efforts
of
NGOs and oiher
organizations,
availability
of
modern medication
facilities
and
certified
doctors,
and
diversification
in
health
insurance
policies. These
have
significant
relationships
with
the overall
socioeconomic
factors
that
include
level
of
socioeconomic development,
purchasing
power
of
the rural
people,
development
of
insurance industry,influence of international
insurance market,
etc
of
health
insurance
schemes
for
tlie
households
living
in
these areas.
The study
noted that the
rural
health
insurance
schemes
are
still
in
a
very
formative
stage inBangladesh.
The
results
showed
that the
factors
needed
to
be
considered are
awareness
about health
insurance
policy,
capacity
to
pay
premium,
efforts
of
NGOs and oiher
organizations,
availability
of
modern medication
facilities
and
certified
doctors,
and
diversification
in
health
insurance
policies. These
have
significant
relationships
with
the overall
socioeconomic
factors
that
include
level
of
socioeconomic development,
purchasing
power
of
the rural
people,
development
of
insurance industry,influence of international
insurance market,
etc
Small entrepreneurial manufacturing workshops of Bangladesh. primarily involved in manufacturing and supplying spare-parts for motorized and non-motorized vehicles, are proliferating. These workshops are principally located at a few... more
Small entrepreneurial manufacturing workshops of Bangladesh. primarily involved in manufacturing and supplying spare-parts for motorized and non-motorized vehicles, are proliferating. These workshops are principally located at a few strategic crossroads of different cities. Although these workshop entrepreneurs do not have formal technical and management education, they have developed some unique skills of promotion and human resource management through learning by observing. However, these entrepreneurs face some acute problems such as, inadequate governmental protection and policies, unavailability and high cost of raw materials, and infrastructural support. Other important concerns are lack of training facilities, severe competition, availability of skilled personnel, and power supply disruption. Other issues are high risk of investment in such projects, problem of getting finance and bureaucracy in the process, no knowledge about information technology, Iack of designing capability, inadequate knowledge about importing machinery and raw materials, local pressure to withdraw workshop from their places, threat from local pressure groups, etc. Customers' unwillingness to pay a premium amount for their products and services is also a concern. If workshop owners are supported with the above mention issues, they will be able to contribute significantly in this strategic sector with their innovative skills.
Aged people are perceived as burden by the person, family and society as well. lt is also very difficult to provide accurate and expected services to this section of the people because of some unavoidable reasons. These reasons are... more
Aged people are perceived as burden by the person, family and society as well. lt is also very difficult to provide accurate and expected services to this section of the people because of some unavoidable reasons. These reasons are related to social myths and prejudice, social structures, negative attitude towards the aged, conflict in value, etc. But a very few studies have been conducted to uncover the nature of this problem. This paper is an attempt to identify the importance of the services required and to explore the service requirements for the elderly people in Bangladesh. it also identifies the problems and limitations in rendering such services to this section of people and making them happy for the rest of their life. This study is primarily based on secondary data. Expert opinions are also taken into consideration in analyzing the information. The result shows that being sympathized to the elders, a few government and voluntary institutions are taking part to mitigate the sufferings oi the elders. However', these services ale extremely inadequate and cumbersome to the elders. The reasons behind the cumbersomeness could be attributed by the disorganization or mismanagement of the services, prejudice and social belief, differences in values among the people, continuous increase of day to day affairs of the people, etc. This study suggests that the expansion of community care services, social security programs, counseling, awareness campaign, etc. could be the most effective ways to address this problem in a developing country like Bangladesh.
Life insurance business in Bangladesh is growing with a great potential. There are 550,000 life insurance poiicyholders in the country with per capita policy of 0.00458. Insurance premium per capita is lo'wer (US $1.00) in compared to... more
Life insurance business in Bangladesh is growing with a great potential. There are 550,000
life insurance poiicyholders in the country with per capita policy of 0.00458. Insurance premium
per capita is lo'wer (US $1.00) in compared to many developing nations. The private
sector is greatly dominating (68.15%) the industry at present (Ali 1999). Since 1988, the market
-chare of private life insurance. has dramatically changed and the proportion has turned
reverse in ten years (Appendix A). Life insurance in private sector is appreciated by the higher
income group while, the public sector is more accepted by the lower and the middle group
(Siddiqui, 1995). This inclination of the insured towards private sector is caused by the differences
in sewice qualit;,, of insurance companies. In this consideration, insurance companies are
rr-quired to keep abreast of the qualiiy attributes in order to provide better facilities and services
to their customers. But a very few studies have been conducted on service quality of life insurance
companies in private sector in Bangladesh. Therefore, the insurers find it difficult to attune
the gap between the services the customers require and the services they provide.
life insurance poiicyholders in the country with per capita policy of 0.00458. Insurance premium
per capita is lo'wer (US $1.00) in compared to many developing nations. The private
sector is greatly dominating (68.15%) the industry at present (Ali 1999). Since 1988, the market
-chare of private life insurance. has dramatically changed and the proportion has turned
reverse in ten years (Appendix A). Life insurance in private sector is appreciated by the higher
income group while, the public sector is more accepted by the lower and the middle group
(Siddiqui, 1995). This inclination of the insured towards private sector is caused by the differences
in sewice qualit;,, of insurance companies. In this consideration, insurance companies are
rr-quired to keep abreast of the qualiiy attributes in order to provide better facilities and services
to their customers. But a very few studies have been conducted on service quality of life insurance
companies in private sector in Bangladesh. Therefore, the insurers find it difficult to attune
the gap between the services the customers require and the services they provide.
The success of public enterprise largely depends on the efficiency and effectiveness of its operations. Government industrial policies and capability of monitoring the activities as well as the initiative of the managerial people are... more
The success of public enterprise largely depends on the efficiency and effectiveness of its operations. Government industrial policies and capability of monitoring the activities as well as the initiative of the managerial people are important in this regard. This paper aims at evaluating the managerial performance of Khulna Newsprint Mills. Ltd which is the only Newsprint mill in the country. For analyzing the performance since 1982-1992, some indicators have been used like production and productivity, value added, capacity utilization, profit and profitability, surplus generation, etc. Beyond some exceptions, the analysis indicates upward trends. But the mill is incurring losses due to the fixation of selling price of Newsprint by the Government at lower than its actual cost of production. The present selling price of Newsprint is Tk.19880 per metric ton whereas the cost of production is Tk. 24600 per metric ton. As a result, the mill incurred losses of Tk.14.95 crore in the year of 1992-1993. The accumulated loss is Tk. 1.70 crores. This has created a major liquidity gap in the working capital and reserve of the mill. The study also reveals that the present financial and other crisis may be overcome through the re fixation of selling price of Newsprint ensuring the continuous supply of Gewa wood, and taking a major initiative for modernization of the machines by the Government.
Garment industry is undergoing a continuous change due to a number of macro environmental, factors concerned with technological, economic, social, cultural, political and legal changes. Technological change is the most important one that... more
Garment industry is undergoing a continuous change due to a number of macro environmental, factors concerned with technological, economic, social, cultural, political and legal changes. Technological change is the most important one that creates negative impact on workers. This change modifies manufacturing processes processes by bringing new machines and production processes into the company and demands newer skills to the workers. Thus, one of the challenges of business globalization for the least developed countries (LDC's) is that technology change erodes the advantages of labor-intensive technology. This impact is concerned with the attitude of job security, job satisfaction, work relations and overall lives of workers. The level of technological change depends on the efficiency of change management process that includes effective human resource planning, work organization, training and development, workers participation, information sharing, etc. This processes act as mediating factors between technological change and the impact on workers. The higher the level of efficiency in change management processes lead to lower level of negative impacts. Therefore, technology alone does not determine the acceptance and or rejection of technological change, but it does determine by the ways how it is managed.
Identification of the success factors of plant nursery enterprises, an emerging sector in Bangladesh, can help the plant nursery entrepreneurs to strengthen their development efforts. It is found that the entrepreneurial success for... more
Identification of the success factors of plant nursery enterprises, an emerging sector in Bangladesh, can help the plant nursery entrepreneurs to strengthen their development efforts. It is found that the entrepreneurial success for plant nursery is dependent on personal and psychological factors rather than managerial and environmental factors due to less influence from external environment, such as, severe competition, development of new technology, high level of investment requirements, product and market segmentation, etc. Nursery business is home-based and involves most of the family members irrespective of sex and age. This business carries very low risks due to low investment and localization of the production centers and the markets, as well as the use of traditional and local technology. Personal and local selling is helpful in marketing nursery products. Nursery business is environment friendly which is another encouraging factor for the nursery entrepreneurs in Bangladesh. However, nursery entrepreneurs in Bangladesh lack modern management system. Effort to expand this business needs government and other institutions support in terms of capital, training, management, etc. to lead this sector towards an important area of economic value addition.
This study attempts to evaluate the level of job satisfaction of women bank employees in Bangladesh. This study includes the differences of satisfaction of public and private women bank employees. It focuses on the relative importance of... more
This study attempts to evaluate the level of job satisfaction of women bank employees in Bangladesh. This study includes the differences of satisfaction of public and private women bank employees. It focuses on the relative importance of job satisfaction factors and their relationships with the overall satisfaction of women employees. The result shows that the level of job satisfaction of women employees depends on the factors including income, job liking, importance of opinions, work facilities, work allotment, work-ability, coworker relations, recognition, and job equity. Women employees are satisfied with the co-worker relations and their work-ability although they do not like their job much. Findings also show that the factors such as income, working facilities, work allotment and recognition have significant influence on the overall satisfaction of the employees. These factors are identified as the determinants of both job satisfaction and the overall satisfaction of women bank employees in Bangladesh. Significant differences are observed between the women employees of public and private sector banks in the factors of income, job liking, importance of opinions. The overall satisfaction is also significantly different between the two employee groups.
Needless to say that foreign investment is essential for a developing country like Bangladesh. Foreign private investment is of paramount importance in this regard. The responses of private foreign investors seemed not to be at a desired... more
Needless to say that foreign investment is essential for a developing country like Bangladesh. Foreign private investment is of paramount importance in this regard. The responses of private foreign investors seemed not to be at a desired level despite the highly favorable current Industrial Policy of Bangladesh government. Thus, an attempt has been made to identify and evaluate the investment position of foreign private investors since 1972 to 1993. Specially, the study highlights the capital investment, operational positions of industrial units and their geographical distribution, and sector-wise investment position of foreign private investment in Bangladesh.
Many of us are confused of what Islam says of the concept of insurance. They hold an opinion that there is no place of Insurance in Islam. For that matter, an attempt has been made to dispel the confusion.This paper examines the existing... more
Many of us are confused of what Islam says of the concept of insurance.
They hold an opinion that there is no place of Insurance in Islam. For that matter, an attempt has been made to dispel the confusion.This paper examines the existing concepts of Insurance as well as position of Insurance in Islam. It also makes an attempt to make it clear that Islam is not against insurance. It has been observed from the study that are hundreds of thousands of arguments in favor of insurance in Islam. In this study, origin of Insurance concept and arguments in favor of insurance in Islam are discussed. It is only a humble attempt to highlight the original concept as well as favorable arguments of insurance of Islam.
They hold an opinion that there is no place of Insurance in Islam. For that matter, an attempt has been made to dispel the confusion.This paper examines the existing concepts of Insurance as well as position of Insurance in Islam. It also makes an attempt to make it clear that Islam is not against insurance. It has been observed from the study that are hundreds of thousands of arguments in favor of insurance in Islam. In this study, origin of Insurance concept and arguments in favor of insurance in Islam are discussed. It is only a humble attempt to highlight the original concept as well as favorable arguments of insurance of Islam.
This paper is aimed to evaluate the Marginal Propensity to Consume (MPC) and Marginal Propensity to save (MPS) of Khulna Metropolitan City dwellers. It covered all types of income earners who are classified into three groups. Moreover, an... more
This paper is aimed to evaluate the Marginal Propensity to
Consume (MPC) and Marginal Propensity to save (MPS) of Khulna Metropolitan City dwellers. It covered all types of income earners who are classified into three groups. Moreover, an attempt has also been made to prove the Keynesian Theory of MPC. The study expressed that higher the income higher the tendency to save. In our study, it has come into Light that 56% of LIG, 48% of MIG and 16% of HIG have no savings . Most of the MG (28%) & LIG (40%) savers lie in tie range of Tk. 15OO and most of the HIG savers lie in the income range of tk.-15OO-2OOO. However, it is an attempt which is token primarily to uncover the relationship between MPC and MPS of Khulna City
dwellers.
Consume (MPC) and Marginal Propensity to save (MPS) of Khulna Metropolitan City dwellers. It covered all types of income earners who are classified into three groups. Moreover, an attempt has also been made to prove the Keynesian Theory of MPC. The study expressed that higher the income higher the tendency to save. In our study, it has come into Light that 56% of LIG, 48% of MIG and 16% of HIG have no savings . Most of the MG (28%) & LIG (40%) savers lie in tie range of Tk. 15OO and most of the HIG savers lie in the income range of tk.-15OO-2OOO. However, it is an attempt which is token primarily to uncover the relationship between MPC and MPS of Khulna City
dwellers.
Although, the economy of Bangladesh is primarily dependent on agriculture, Readymade Garment (RMG) industry has emerged as the largest earner foreign currency of Bangladesh in recent years. More than 75% of foreign earnings are coming... more
Although, the economy of Bangladesh is primarily dependent on agriculture, Readymade Garment (RMG) industry has emerged as the largest earner foreign currency of Bangladesh in recent years. More than 75% of foreign earnings are coming through export from this very important sector of Bangladesh. In study of Islam & Chowdhuri, [1] presently more than four million workers are working in 4,500 RMG companies of Bangladesh in which 90% are illiterate women who are from the rural areas of the country. The policymakers and the employers of this sector claim that the growth of garment sector has helped employing a huge number of rural women that has subsequently developed their socioeconomic. But, it is a concern of the national and internal observers that the compliances like factory laws, industrial relations laws, employment laws, payment of wages laws, ILO standards, ethics applied in this sector are hardly followed by the RMG companies that make the lives of the workers very misery. Sometimes, the female workers are exploited by employing more hours a day without the payment of overtime by capitalizing their illiteracy and submissiveness. Hence, this paper aims at identifying the level of application of the labor laws and the compliances in RMG industry of Bangladesh that is the only protective measures of the large number of female workers of this sector of Bangladesh. A total of 238 workers of this sector were interviewed in this study with a structured questionnaire. Multivariate analysis techniques such as, Factor Analysis and Multiple Regression Analysis were used to analyze the data. Results show that in case of measures for protecting sexual harassment there is a severe problem of the use of the labor laws in this sector followed by physical movement and access control, exit and access path of the company, working hours, and counseling arrangements in the company. This study suggests that the readymade garment companies should address the sexual harassment issue seriously so that the workers will feel safe at their work. They also should focus more on the safety issues, working hours, and counseling of the workers in order to make the working environment more favorable to the workers.
In recent years, hotel business became an important business in Bangladesh due to substantial increase of customers in this industry. The reasons can be attributed by the increase in health consciousness and social responsiveness of the... more
In recent years, hotel business became an important business in Bangladesh due to substantial increase of customers in this industry. The reasons can be attributed by the increase in health consciousness and social responsiveness of the customers. But the industry is not in a position to fulfill the demands of the customers. Hence, this study aims at examining the extent of corporate social responsibility (CSR) of the hotels that can influence perceived service quality (PSQ) and behavioral intentions of the customers in this industry of Bangladesh. In order to identify and measure the CSR activities, a quantitative approach has been applied, harnessing a survey questionnaire among the hotel customers in Bangladesh. Three hundred hotel customers from 45 hotels located in Dhaka were interviewed with a structured questionnaire. Data analysis has been performed by using Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method. The results of the study confirm that the CSR activities have significant and positive relationship with perceived service quality of the customers. Perceived service quality is also positively associated with the behavioral intentions of the hotel customers. Finally, CSR demonstrated a direct and positive relationship with the customers' behavioral intentions in the hotel industry of Bangladesh.
This paper attempts to identify the factors responsible for buying life insurance policies by the people of Bangladesh. The purpose of the paper could be attributed by the very low per capita life insurance policy, which is lower in... more
This paper attempts to identify the factors responsible for buying life insurance policies by the people of Bangladesh. The purpose of the paper could be attributed by the very low per capita life insurance policy, which is lower in compared to other developing countries of the world. To conduct the study, 300 persons were surveyed from the insurance policyholders, insurance officials, insurance agents, and insurance experts. The policyholders were selected from government and non-government life insurance companies. Among them, the only government life insurance company named Jibon Bima Corporation and three leading private life insurance companies including Delta Life, National Life, and American Life Insurance Companies were included in the survey. These 4 life companies occupy about 80% of the total life insurance market. To analyze data, both descriptive and inferential statistical tools were used. This study identified buying factors using Multivariate Analytical Technique such as, Factor Analysis. The results show that there are 14 buying factors responsible for not buying life insurance policies by the people of Bangladesh. The most important factor is difficulty in continuation of insurance policy in the long run. The reason is attributed by the financial insolvency of the people. The second important buying factor is 'after maturity service' followed by general belief of the people, family plan, controversial idea, government policy, behavior of the insurance agents, awareness of the people, income of the household, attachment with insurance, peer group influence, occupational risk, age of the potential insured, and lack of insurance information. The financial inability may not be changed overnight, however, the after maturity services could be improved by the life insurance companies. The major concern of the life insurance policyholders is related to the claim settlement procedures of the insurer companies. Most often the policyholders have to take pains to get back insured amount from the company. The insurance company should extend their best possible services from the starting of the policy till to the maturity and settlement of the claims.
Super market is a new and special addition with the retail stores of Bangladesh. Since the inception of Agora's journey in 2001, the Bangladeshi supermarket sector has taken a steady growth in the country. The super market domestic... more
Super market is a new and special addition with the retail stores of Bangladesh. Since the inception of Agora's journey in 2001, the Bangladeshi supermarket sector has taken a steady growth in the country. The super market domestic industry now stands at around BDT 1,500 crore (LightCastle Blog, 2015).Currently, there are 121 supermarkets in the country which is largely dominated by three major players – Shwapno, Agora, Meena BazarandNandan (BSOA-Business Supermarkets Owners' Association).Due to the shift income of Bangladeshi people towards the middle income status, all the subsequent advantages including per capita raiseand urbanization are expediting this industry's profitability and growth. With rapid urbanization, super market industry of Bangladesh is expected to grow by almost 15 times of its current size by 2021. Positive economic externalities such as, generation of employment through SMEs, high food safety and security, price stability, and inclusive business development are expected to accompany this growth and development process. Due to the increasing demand of super markets, the satisfaction of the customers became an important issue to the entrepreneurs in this industry. Hence, this study aims at identifying the level of customers' satisfaction of the super markets in Bangladesh. Both primary and secondary data were collected and analyzed in this study. The primary data were collected directly from the customers of the different super markets of Bangladesh. Two hundred elevensuper market customers were interviewed with the help of a structured questionnaire. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify the satisfaction related factors and the relationships between the factors and the overall satisfaction of the customers. This study identified factors influencing the customer satisfaction of super markets in Bangladesh are concerned withpersonalinteraction of the
There is a very high demand of the street foods in Dhaka city of Bangladesh. The reasons can be attributed by the tastes and varieties of foods, easily accessibility, low price, readily made, attraction to the foods, and above all, needs... more
There is a very high demand of the street foods in Dhaka city of Bangladesh. The reasons can be attributed by the tastes and varieties of foods, easily accessibility, low price, readily made, attraction to the foods, and above all, needs of the street people. Dhaka is the most populous city of Bangladesh. It is also the capital of the country. There are more than 18 million people, as of 2016 in Greater Dhaka city, living here in this city. It is also one of the most populated cities in the world with a density of 23,234 people per square kilometer within a total area of 300 square kilometers. Street food entrepreneurs are still unable to fulfill the demands of this huge population of this city. Due to the rise in income of the city dwellers, they are coming out from their congested houses to the parks and streets on the vacations and holidays and eating street foods. Sometimes, this is a fashion of the young people eating foods standing at the street. Although, a significant portion of these people think that the street foods are unhygienic and unhealthy even then they eat those foods when they are outside their houses. Therefore, this paper seeks to identify the reasons for which the street foods are eaten by the people living in Dhaka city. This study has been conducted among the people who eat street foods at their leisure time or vacations. To conduct this study, a total of 340 street food lovers were interviewed with the help of a structured questionnaire. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Multivariate analysis techniques were used to identify the factors having influence on the habits of street food eaters in Dhaka city. The confirmatory factor analysis identified six factors such as, pleasure and soundness, convenience and variety, cost, attractiveness, food value, & taste and image. Results also show that the street food eating habit of the people of Dhaka City is significantly influenced by the pleasure and soundness, convenience and variety, cost, and attractiveness to the foods. This study suggests that the tastes and variety of street foods, accessibility, price and attractiveness should be emphasized to increase the attraction of the street food eaters towards the street foods in Dhaka City of Bangladesh.
This paper attempts to identify the application of medical social work practices in Bangladesh for the effective recovery of the patients. When patients are admitted to the hospitals or clinics they often feel frustrated, as they are... more
This paper attempts to identify the application of medical social work practices in Bangladesh for the effective recovery of the patients. When patients are admitted to the hospitals or clinics they often feel frustrated, as they are unable to depend on the medication services provided by the doctors, nurses and others. They also feel helpless, as they do not receive any psychological and social advices. For the rich people, the problem is related to the mental anxiety while for the poor it is not only related to the mental diseases but also related to the need for getting medication, supplying medicine, bearing the expenses of nursing, etc. In such a situation, medical social work practices can help both types of patients by providing various services. However, medical social work practices are hardly available in Bangladesh. Hence, Bangladeshi people are deprived of such services, which have already proved as one of the best ways for recovering the diseases of the patients in developed countries. This study also suggests that along with the available institutional arrangements in both private and government sectors medical social work practices should be present in an effective and well-coordinated way. 1. Background Most of the rural and urban people of Bangladesh live under poverty line. They are deprived of health care services for lack of sufficient doctors and nurses. The ignorance and unawareness of the people are also responsible for this problem. It is impossible for the doctors and nurses to diagnose the diseases properly considering all the factors that are responsible for their illness. In this context, medical social work (MSW) can make the medical care system more useful and effective. Modern social work provides a comprehensive service for human beings. It covers all the aspects of human life, including economic, social, health care, recreational and emotional systems etc. The development of social work profession was started from medical
This paper examines empirical relationship among the variables of financial development, í µí±í µí± 2 emissions, urbanization, industrial value addition, agricultural value addition and energy consumption in the context of Bangladesh... more
This paper examines empirical relationship among the variables of financial development, í µí±í µí± 2 emissions, urbanization, industrial value addition, agricultural value addition and energy consumption in the context of Bangladesh using the data of 1985-2015. Findings of Johansen co-integration test indicates that long run relationship exists among the variables of CO2 emissions, financial development, urbanization, industrial value addition, agricultural value addition and energy consumption. Whereas, Granger causality results show that unidirectional causality exists among the variables of CO2 emissions to agriculture value addition,CO2 emissions to energy consumption, agriculture value addition to financial development, agriculture value edition to industry value addition, financial development to CO22 emissions, industry value addition to energy consumption. However, this study fails to establish any relationship between CO2 emissions and urbanization, urbanization and energy consumption in short run in the context of Bangladesh. Results of Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) confirm that except financial development all the explanatory variables are statistically insignificant in the short run. However, the error correction term (ECT) is statistically significant and negative sign. This indicates that CO2 emission adjusted 37.60% within the year when deviated from equilibrium and the adjustment speed is significant.
The study focused on strategic management issues of entrepreneurial software developing companies in Bangladesh. Despite high vulnerability and rapid technological development the software market of Bangladesh is emerging with high... more
The study focused on strategic management issues of entrepreneurial software developing companies in Bangladesh. Despite high vulnerability and rapid technological development the software market of Bangladesh is emerging with high potential. Absence of explicit business and technology strategy is affecting the growth and development of software market in Bangladesh. Some strategic success factors that are identified as useful for software development in Bangladesh are management of technical people, access to multiple sources of technology, development of technological resources, emphasis on customized software, orientation to customers needs and continuous involvement of entrepreneurs. The strategic success factors for software markct development are developing appropriate marketing channel, building and maintaining credibility, building market differentiation, linking with large customers and speed to market entry. Bangladesh software developing companies should build-up strategic alliances with foreign companies to reduce cost and risk of new software development, to control operations and to enter into untapped national and international market. Long term policy and strategy, top management commitment, responses to change and creation of an innovation-accepting entrepreneurship culture will reduce employee turnover, build corporate culture and enhance the growth of software developing companies in Bangladesh.
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This study attempts to evaluate the level of job satisfaction and overall socioeconomic satisfaction of women bank employees in Bangladesh' It focuses on there relative importance of job satisfaction factors and their relationships with... more
This study attempts to evaluate the level of job satisfaction and overall socioeconomic satisfaction of women bank employees in Bangladesh' It focuses on there relative importance of job satisfaction factors and their relationships with the overall satisfaction. It reports that the level of job satisfaction of women depends on the factors including salary' better job' supervisor recognition, co-employee recognition' better work' colleagues' preferences' and quality of supervision have found to be the most important among these factors. The factors such as salary, better job, supervisor recognition better work, supervisor, colleagues preferences and quality of supervision have significant influence on the overall satisfaction of the women employees.
These factors are identified as the prime determinants of both job satisfaction and the overall satisfaction of women bank employees in Bangladesh' The negative relationship of better job with overall satisfaction indicates that the higher chances of getting job outside would result in much less positive overall satisfaction on women bank employees.
These factors are identified as the prime determinants of both job satisfaction and the overall satisfaction of women bank employees in Bangladesh' The negative relationship of better job with overall satisfaction indicates that the higher chances of getting job outside would result in much less positive overall satisfaction on women bank employees.
Research Interests:
This paper examines the level of job satisfaction of insurance employes in Bangladesh. It shows that job satisfaction factors are associated with the overall satisfaction of insurance employees. Factors including recognition, task... more
This paper examines the level of job satisfaction of insurance employes in Bangladesh. It shows that job satisfaction factors are associated with the overall satisfaction of insurance employees. Factors including recognition, task significance, pride of work, bureaucracy, and conflicts are important for improving job satisfaction of insurance employees in Bangladesh. These factors are significantly related to the overall satisfaction of the employees. The higher level of recognition, task significance, pride of work and lower level of bureaucracy and conflicts result in positive overall satisfaction on insurance employees. The results also show significant differences between the job satisfaction level of desk and development employees. The differences are concerned with the attitudes including fair pay, promotion chance, benefits, salary increase, supervisors' behavior, goal clarity, work appreciation, and co-workers relations.
Research Interests:
The development of telecom technology has a profound impact on the academic lives of the students. Smartphone usage became popular to young generation because of its educational and entertaining options by using the numerous applications.... more
The development of telecom technology has a profound impact on the academic lives of the students. Smartphone usage became popular to young generation because of its educational and entertaining options by using the numerous applications. Among the young people, students are increasingly using Smartphone. But excessive Smartphone usage usually makes the students addicted to it and that impacts on user's academic performance, daily activities, physical and mental health, withdrawal tendency, and social relationships. This study aims at identifying the factors that affect the level of Smartphone addiction to the students and its impact on their overall academic performance. A structured questionnaire has been developed to gather data from the students. A total of 247 questionnaires were collected from the business students of a private university of Bangladesh. Using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), data were analyzed. Results revealed five Smartphone addiction factors such as, positive anticipation, impatience, withdrawal, daily-life disturbance, and cyber friendship. Factors like increased impatience and daily-life disturbance were found significantly related to the academic performance of the business students of Bangladesh. This study suggests that the students should reduce the intense use of Smartphone for smoothly doing their daily-life activities.
In today's internet-enabled era, the learning processes of students are not effective without the integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) into the learning practices. This study aimed at identifying the impact of ICT... more
In today's internet-enabled era, the learning processes of students are not effective without the integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) into the learning practices. This study aimed at identifying the impact of ICT on learning processes of the students enrolled in different private universities of Bangladesh. A total of 277 respondents were chosen through convenience sampling and were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. The results obtained from Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) divulged that eight factors integrated students' learning processes and the use of ICT. Subsequently, five factors were found to be significant through multiple regression analysis. Among the eight factors identified, the role of factors for training skills and willingness of Information Technology (IT) staff and internet-based communication were further corroborated using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis. This study concluded that ICT facilities of the private universities significantly influenced the effectiveness of learning process of the university students. If the authorities of the private universities in Bangladesh would emphasize upon improving the aforementioned factors, the overall learning process of the students would become more effective and could lead to better academic performance thereby.
This paper tests Aaker and Keller’s (1990) brand extension model that has been designed and tested in a series of developed economies to see if it applies to Bangladesh, a developing country. A questionnaire was developed using similar... more
This paper tests Aaker and Keller’s (1990) brand extension model that has been designed and tested in a series of developed economies to see if it applies to Bangladesh, a developing country. A questionnaire was developed using similar rating scales to those used b Aaker and
Keller. The dependent variable, the overall attitude toward the extension, was an average of two dimensions: the overall perceived quality of the extension and the purchase probability of buying the extension. ‘Residual Centering’ regression approach was used for analyzing the data.
Results suggest that there is some international heterogeneity in the way that consumers evaluate brand extension. Major findings of this study, limitations, and directions for future research have been suggested.
Keller. The dependent variable, the overall attitude toward the extension, was an average of two dimensions: the overall perceived quality of the extension and the purchase probability of buying the extension. ‘Residual Centering’ regression approach was used for analyzing the data.
Results suggest that there is some international heterogeneity in the way that consumers evaluate brand extension. Major findings of this study, limitations, and directions for future research have been suggested.
Value congruence (VC) and its impact on customers' satisfaction towards online banking practices rarely appear in the literature of services marketing. The aim of this inquiry is to explore the influence of VC towards customer's... more
Value congruence (VC) and its impact on customers' satisfaction towards online banking practices rarely appear in the literature of services marketing. The aim of this inquiry is to explore the influence of VC towards customer's satisfaction towards online banking and examine the mediating role of affective commitment in the Bangladeshi online banking service context. This research applied survey method for the accumulation of information. Data was analysed by means of descriptive statistics followed by exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling. The findings uncovered that the positive impact of VC on customers' satisfaction is stronger when affective commitment play as a mediating function. This research also found evidence that increasing service quality to optimise customers' satisfaction in this sector is not enough since the mangers need to concentrate on customers' perceived value, as well as to design the services that are truly perceived by their customers.
The aim of this inquiry is to investigate the relationships among the antecedents of knowledge sharing effectiveness under the position of non-academic staff of higher learning institutions through an empirical test of a conceptual model... more
The aim of this inquiry is to investigate the relationships among the antecedents of knowledge sharing effectiveness under the position of non-academic staff of higher learning institutions through an empirical test of a conceptual model consisting of trust, extrinsic and intrinsic motivation, leadership style, workplace spirituality and online social network. This study used the respondents from the non-academic staff of higher learning institutions in Malaysia (n = 200), utilizing a self-administered survey questionnaire. The structural equation modeling approach was used to test the proposed hypotheses. The outcomes indicate that all the antecedents play a substantial function in knowledge sharing effectiveness. In addition, perceived risk plays a mediating role between trust and knowledge sharing effectiveness. On the other hand, this research also proved the communication skill also plays a mediating role between leadership style and knowledge sharing effectiveness. This study contributes to pioneering empirical findings on knowledge sharing literature under the scope of the non-academic staff perspective.
In Bangladesh, micro credit programs have positive socioeconomic impact on the rural women borrowers. However, it is perceived that the micro credit programs help the rural women borrowers to survive only and do not help them to develop... more
In Bangladesh, micro credit programs have positive socioeconomic impact on the rural women borrowers. However, it is perceived that the micro credit programs help the rural women borrowers to survive only and do not help them to develop entrepreneurial capabilities. Hence, this paper aims at identifying the factors related to the development of entrepreneurship among the rural women borrowers through micro credit programs. A multivariate analysis technique like Factor Analysis was conducted to identify the entrepreneurship development related factors. Structural equation modeling was used to develop a model of micro credit program and the development of rural women entrepreneurship in Bangladesh. Results show that the financial management skills and the group identity of the women borrowers have significant relationship with the development of rural women entrepreneurship in Bangladesh. The experience from the parent's family of the borrowers and the option limit may also lead to the rural women borrowers to be entrepreneurial.
Technological information is often ignored by strategists although it is of paramount importance in the strategic management of business. This study attempts to identify the information required for technology strategy management at the... more
Technological information is often ignored by strategists although it is of paramount importance in the strategic management of business. This study attempts to identify the information required for technology strategy management at the firm level. It clearly shows that for technology strategy management, information is necessary in four major areas - technology resources, technology capabilities, technology infrastructure, and technology climate. These kinds of information can broadly be classified into two categories - internal technological information and external technological information. Internal information can be gathered from within the company while, external information is subject to the scanning of the operating environment of the company. It is also evident from the study that this information should be considered carefully for formulating technology strategies. Considering the importance of technological information for the practitioners, a framework of technological information for technology strategy management is proposed in this study.
This paper attempts to identify the empowerment factors of rural women in Bangladesh through homestead poultry rearing practices. Data were collected from 75 rural women involved in poultry rearing practices through interviews using a... more
This paper attempts to identify the empowerment factors of rural women in
Bangladesh through homestead poultry rearing practices. Data were collected from
75 rural women involved in poultry rearing practices through interviews using a
structured questionnaire. Factor analysis was performed to identify the
empowerment factors. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify the
relationships between the six empowerment factors and the overall empowerment of
rural women. The results show that homestead poultry rearing practices empower
rural women. This study indicates that independent decision making authority and
increased involvement in family affairs are positively associated with empowerment.
The implications of these findings for rural women in Bangladesh are discussed.
Bangladesh through homestead poultry rearing practices. Data were collected from
75 rural women involved in poultry rearing practices through interviews using a
structured questionnaire. Factor analysis was performed to identify the
empowerment factors. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify the
relationships between the six empowerment factors and the overall empowerment of
rural women. The results show that homestead poultry rearing practices empower
rural women. This study indicates that independent decision making authority and
increased involvement in family affairs are positively associated with empowerment.
The implications of these findings for rural women in Bangladesh are discussed.
Based on a review of the literature of new technology-based firms, this study developed a strategic management framework for service and market development of entrepreneurial software firms (ESFs) by integrating business with technology... more
Based on a review of the literature of new technology-based firms, this study developed a strategic management framework for service and market development of entrepreneurial software firms (ESFs) by integrating business with technology strategies. Testing the strategic management framework in a pilot sample in Malaysia showed that vulnerability, market uncertainty, rapid technological change and development, and lack of resources, especially human resources, were constraining the growth and development of these software firms. The study found that for their product development, the Malaysian ESFs lacked a clear strategic focus on developing technological superiority, and accessing multiple sources of technology. Strategies critical for software market development that need to be improved were the speed to market entry, linkage with large customers, and development of appropriate distribution channels. Long term policy, top management commitment, responsiveness to change, and creation of an innovation accepting, entrepreneurship accommodating culture were found to be important facilitators for innovating new software.
In recent times, Bangladesh has faced serious housing problems, especially for people who live in cities. In response, this study examines the relationship between housing expenses, affordability, service quality, hygienic conditions, and... more
In recent times, Bangladesh has faced serious housing problems, especially for people who live in cities. In response, this study examines the relationship between housing expenses, affordability, service quality, hygienic conditions, and community attachment and residents' satisfaction, respectively. A questionnaire-based survey was carried out with customers in the major parts of Dhaka, Bangladesh. In addition to descriptive analysis, other statistical analyses, such as exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and a structural equation modeling approach were used to test the hypotheses. The findings reveal that there is a strong relationship between services provided by the private companies and residents' satisfaction, with hygienic conditions playing a major role. This study also confirms a significant relationship between housing expenses and residents' satisfaction when affordability plays a mediating role. This study is the first of its kind, to the best of our knowledge, conducted on the customers of the Bangladeshi housing industry. The contribution of this study is the construction of a research theoretical framework that potentially highlights the perceived satisfaction or dissatisfaction of residents with the facilities provided by the private apartment owners in Bangladesh.
The study on job satisfaction of the senior level executives of Bangladesh showed that other than work itself there is not many strong motivating forces present to satisfy the executives. Both male and female executives have confirmed... more
The study on job satisfaction of the senior level executives of Bangladesh showed that other than work itself there is not many strong motivating forces present to satisfy the executives. Both male and female executives have confirmed that their companies recognize their good works and they are also clear about the goals of their organizations. It is noted that there is hardly any gender difference regarding job satisfaction, even though, there is less scope of promotion possibility in most of the organizations. Both male and female executives expressed relatively higher level of agreement about their liking of coworkers and enjoying their jobs and company, suggesting less sex discrimination, though they mildly agreed that there is bickering and fighting at work. Regarding satisfaction on benefits received the male executives are found somewhat less satisfied compared to the female executives. Interestingly enough both the groups have indicated that there are benefits, which they don't enjoy at present, but they should have those benefits in future and should be given more frequently than the current practice. It is noted that there exists red-tapism in the organization. Both the groups preferred to choose an indifferent view on their opportunity for advancement and payments received from the company. A higher level of agreement on the part of male executives on good communication in their organization may be explained by the fact that because of social and cultural reasons female executives may not enjoy easy and direct communication access compared to their male counterpart even in the office set up.
The development of entrepreneurship in Bangladesh is very challenging and cumbersome especially for woman. It is barred by a number of factors concerned with social, economic, cultural, environmental, and personal in nature. Women who are... more
The development of entrepreneurship in Bangladesh is very challenging and cumbersome especially for woman. It is barred by a number of factors concerned with social, economic, cultural, environmental, and personal in nature. Women who are enjoying favorable environment in this regard have the chance to be entrepreneurs. Hence, this study aims at identifying the factors that influence the development of women entrepreneurship in Bangladesh. The specific objective of this study is to identify the factors that help in developing women entrepreneurs especially in SME sector of Bangladesh. A thorough literature has been reviewed to identify the factors and based on it a model for the development of women entrepreneurship has been constructed. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used in analyzing the data. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the situation and inferential statistics were used to identify the relationships among the factors. Factor analysis was conducted to separate the factors related to the development of women entrepreneurship while multiple regression analysis has been used to identify the significant factors related to it. The results show that there are eleven factors concerned with the development of women entrepreneurship in Bangladesh. The factors are: negotiation and bargaining skills, management of sales, self-awareness, long-term involvement in business, and training on business are significantly related to the overall development of women entrepreneurship in Bangladesh. This study suggests that the policymakers should focus more on the development of negotiation and management skills of the women entrepreneurs through different training programs that will also increase the awareness of the women entrepreneurs of Bangladesh.
Due to the development of private sector universities in Bangladesh, a large number of students are studying at the undergraduate and graduate programs of private universities of Bangladesh. These students are being educated in different... more
Due to the development of private sector universities in Bangladesh, a large number of students are studying at the undergraduate and graduate programs of private universities of Bangladesh. These students are being educated in different disciplines including business studies, science and technology, arts and social sciences. But the effectiveness of the education depends on the use of information technology in classroom teaching and evaluation of the performance of the students. This study only focuses on the impact of IT use on the teachers' behaviors. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used in this study. Descriptive statistics were used to explain the private university educational environment and inferential statistics such as, Factor Analysis was used to identify the factors related to the behavior of the university teachers concerning the use of information technology. Multiple Regressions analysis was used to identify the relationships between the factors and the overall impact of IT-use on the behavior of the university teachers. Results show that there are eleven factors concerning teacher'sbehavior such as,willingness of the IT staff and up-to-date IT facilities, use of computer and internet facilities, summing up lecture, use of OSP and online portal, use of grade calculator and face book, availability of IT staff, computer literacy of the students, script checking and feedback, use of multimedia in lecture, updating lecture notes, and evaluation of IQ level of the students. The factors including willingness of the IT staff and the updated IT facilities, summing up lecture, use of OSP and online portal, availability of IT staff, computer literacy of the students, script checking and feedback, use of multimedia in lecture, and evaluation of IQ level of the students are significantly related to the overall impact of the IT-use on the university teacher's behaviors in Bangladesh. The factors such as, use of computers and internet facilities, use of grade calculator and face book, and updating lecture notes are not significantly related to the overall impact of IT-use on the university teacher's behaviors in Bangladesh. This study suggests that the use of IT will significantly enhance the effectiveness of learning of the private university students in Bangladesh if the factors including willingness of the IT staff and up-to-date IT facilities, IT competency of the students, and use of IT at all levels of teaching and evaluation of the students are emphasized by the policy makers of the private universities in Bangladesh.
Readymade garment industry is the prime sector of foreign earnings of Bangladesh. There are more than 4,500 garment companies are operating in Bangladesh. More than 80% of the foreign earnings are coming from this sector. At present, four... more
Readymade garment industry is the prime sector of foreign earnings of Bangladesh. There are more than 4,500 garment companies are operating in Bangladesh. More than 80% of the foreign earnings are coming from this sector. At present, four million workers are working in this sector in which 90% are rural women. It is claimed by the employers that the garment companies have helped to develop the socioeconomic status of the rural women employed in this sector. Hence, this paper aims at identifying the socioeconomic status factors of the garment workers of Bangladesh. This study suggests that housing, water and sanitation conditions, medical facilities and first aid treatment, wages, social status, adaptation of cultural values and norms, attachment with labor unions, ownership arrangement, leave with pay and overtime are significantly related to the socioeconomic status of the garments workers of Bangladesh. This study recommends that the measures for improving the socioeconomic status of the women workers are related to the improvement of their housing conditions, education, health and sanitation, and the favorable service rules for the women workers.
The paper investigates the relationships of remittance with credit disbursement of the banking sector in Bangladesh. The major portion of the remittance in Bangladesh is transferred through different banks as official channel. Besides,... more
The paper investigates the relationships of remittance with credit disbursement of the banking sector in Bangladesh. The major portion of the remittance in Bangladesh is transferred through different banks as official channel. Besides, remittance recipient families transfer a portion of the remittance in the deposit accounts of different commercial banks. This two-way process helps to increase the liquidity position of the bank that enables them to increase the credit disbursement position of the banks. Moreover, the use of this loan by the business entrepreneurs indirectly helps economic development of Bangladesh. This study uses time series econometric techniques with monthly data spanning from 1976 to 2012 to explore the relationships between the remittances and the credit disbursements of the banks. The findings of the study clearly show that remittances assist to enhance the amount of credit disbursements of the banking sector in Bangladesh. The normalized co-integrating coefficients are found statistically significant and show a stable and positive relationship between the variables under this study. Finally, Granger causality analysis suggests the existence of bidirectional causality between remittances and credit disbursements.
Social entrepreneurship (SE) is a contemporary phenomenon of the socioeconomic development of a country. It refers to the creation of solutions of social problems through creating innovative ideas, increasing social value, and... more
Social entrepreneurship (SE) is a contemporary phenomenon of the socioeconomic development of a country. It refers to the creation of solutions of social problems through creating innovative ideas, increasing social value, and consistently pursuing new opportunities for the benefits of the society rather than private wealth creation. The main motives of social entrepreneurship are social welfare and value creation through the display of innovativeness, leadership, and risk management of the business. The aim of this study is to identify the factors affecting the development of social entrepreneurship in Bangladesh. It illustrates the context-specific nature of the phenomenon and derives implications for fostering the social entrepreneurship as a positive force for social and economic development. Several important factors, which contribute to the success of the social entrepreneurship, are social welfare and value, non-profit motives, knowledge, skills & experiences, innovative ideas, ethics, social network, leadership, local and governmental policies, institutional support, etc.
Readymade Garment Industry is the most important sector of earning foreign currencies that strengthen the economy of Bangladesh for the last couple of decades. At the same time this industry opened a new door of employment for the rural... more
Readymade Garment Industry is the most important sector of earning foreign currencies that strengthen the economy of Bangladesh for the last couple of decades. At the same time this industry opened a new door of employment for the rural marginal people. The working environment of the garment factories is not congenial to health and the income level of the workers in this industry is very poor to keep up their minimum living requirements in the society. As a result, the workers in the readymade garment industry are not physically and mentally sound to do the work efficiently. Keeping this in mind, the study has been conducted to identify the major health problems of the workers in the garment industry of Bangladesh. In this study 265 workers have been interviewed personally and collected data have been analyzed through factor analysis to identify the major health problems of the workers derived from the working environment and the nature of their job. This study identified fourteen major health problems of the workers. They are pain in body muscles, complexity arises from abortion, food poisoning, pruritus, eye stain, neck pain, hepatitis, frequent headache, cut injury, fatigue, common cold, numbness and tingling of fingers and arms, gastric pain and helminthiasis. The government along with other concern bodies should take necessary action to overcome the health problems of the workers so that they can contribute more for the development of the readymade garment industry of Bangladesh.
The tremendous increase of the use of mobile phones in Bangladesh by the young users has expanded the cellular phones market that has also attracted the attention of the foreign investors. This article attempts to investigate underlying... more
The tremendous increase of the use of mobile phones in Bangladesh by the young users has expanded the cellular phones market that has also attracted the attention of the foreign investors. This article attempts to investigate underlying sets of consumer motives for using cellular phones in Bangladesh. A primary survey was conducted among 157 young Bangladeshi mobile phone users aged from 20 to 30 years reside in Dhaka city. Structured questionnaire was used to interview the respondents. Factor analysis was conducted to identify the factors for using cellular phones in Bangladeshi young mobile phone users. Results show that there are five important factors that are considered by the Bangladeshi young mobile phone users. The factors are concerned with value added services, social connectivity, connection with the family, obtaining information on foreign education and facing emergency situation. This study also identified five different patterns of possible segmentation of cellular phone users that is, conscious, connective, communicative, continental and contingent and constitute the basis for strategic positioning.
Readymade Garment (RMG) Industry is the prime source of foreign earnings of Bangladesh in last two decades. This sector contributed about 80% of the total export earnings of the country. About 5,100 garment companies have been established... more
Readymade Garment (RMG) Industry is the prime source of foreign earnings of Bangladesh in last two decades. This sector contributed about 80% of the total export earnings of the country. About 5,100 garment companies have been established in Bangladesh and 3.60 million workers are working in this sector in which more than 85% of them are female who are mostly coming from the rural areas of Bangladesh. In the recent years, it is observed that the workers are coming down in the street and making insurgence on their demand and they try to destruct public properties and the national assets. As a result, companies are losing working-hours and production targets. It also hampers export earnings and the image of our country to the international buyers. Keeping this in mind, the study tries to find out the factors behind the unrest in the ready-made garment industry of Bangladesh and identify some measures to improve the situation. In this study, 244 workers were interviewed from the different garment factories located in Savar and Gazipur district. After collection of data, they were analyzed with regression model, factor analysis and by other suitable statistical tools. The results show that the main causes of labor unrest include lack of additional benefits and irregularities in payment of overtime, deferred festival bonus, lack of motivational training program, conflicting perception about the rich people of the society, and demand of minimum wage. If the policy makers of Bangladesh consider these causes and make policies to overcome the problems the labor unrest in garment sector will be eliminated or minimized.
Research Interests:
The growth of online shopping is increasing at a rapid rate in Malaysia by replacing traditional store shopping habit of the substantial number of consumers. The purpose of the research is to investigate the factors that are influencing... more
The growth of online shopping is increasing at a rapid rate in Malaysia by replacing traditional store shopping habit of the substantial number of consumers. The purpose of the research is to investigate the factors that are influencing consumer's online shopping intention in Malaysia. This research proposes a research framework on online shopping by refereeing various influential factors which are antecedents of online shopping in Malaysia. The framework of this study was based on the constructs generated from Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). In total 250 valid respondent's response were gathered through self-administered survey. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and multiple regression analysis were employed to identify the factors that are influencing online shopping under Malaysian context. From the statistical results it was discovered that perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEOU) have positive influenced on online shopping in Malaysia. It is expected that result from this study can help online vendors to draw the further strategy to attract more consumers through online shopping under Malaysian context.
This paper aims at identifying the relationships between the psychological contract of the employees and the working environment of Citycell and Teletalk companies in Bangladesh. Eighty executives from City Cell, a private company, and... more
This paper aims at identifying the relationships between the psychological contract of the employees and the working environment of Citycell and Teletalk companies in Bangladesh. Eighty executives from City Cell, a private company, and Teletalk, a government company, were interviewed with a structured questionnaire, in which thirteen items were used to identify the working environment and 16 items were used to explain the psychological contract. Factor analysis was conducted to identify the factors relating to psychological contract and the working environment. Results show that there are five factors of psychological contract-such as recommend company as career, company policy and procedures, respect for individual differences, satisfaction with recognition as an individual, and value and encouraged perspective of the employees. The five factors relating to the working environment are training, goals and strategies of the company, flexible programme, opportunity to interact with others, and supervision-style of the management. The relationships between working environment and psychological contract were identified by the Spearman's Rank Correlation analysis of the factors. Results show that there are 4 pairs of factors where significant correlations are present. The factor pairs are (i) respect for individual differences and goals and strategies of the company (ii) respect for individual differences and supervision style (iii) satisfaction with the recognition as an individual and training, and (iv) satisfaction with the recognition as an individual and goals and strategies of the company.
There is a paramount importance of appropriateness in recruitment and selection for the desired performance of the private commercial banks in Bangladesh. It is the determinant of the performance of the banks that leads to the growth and... more
There is a paramount importance of appropriateness in recruitment and selection for the desired performance of the private commercial banks in Bangladesh. It is the determinant of the performance of the banks that leads to the growth and development of the banks in future. However, this aspect of management is often ignored by HRM department of the banks. The directors of the banks are unable to come out from their circles like family, friends, and relatives in recruitment decision. The people involved in the process influence the whole process of recruitment and selection for their personal interest. Candidates' understanding and mindset for getting jobs sometimes create a kind of force that influences the process. People from the monitoring bank often create pressure on recruitment and selection process. External factors like political, economic, social, and legal also have strong influence on the selection process. As such, this study aims at identifying the factors affecting the recruitment and selection process of private sector commercial banks in Bangladesh. It includes the manpower planning and selection process of the banks that is most prominent and stable sector compared to other industrial sectors of Bangladesh. A number of factors affecting recruitment and selection process of the banks were identified through literature review. Multivariate analysis techniques such as, Factor Analysis and Multiple Regression Analysis were performed to identify the relationships between recruitment and selection process and the factors. Factor Analysis was conducted to identify the factors affecting the recruitment and selection process of the banks. Multiple Regression Analysis was performed to identify the relationship between the factors and recruitment and selection process. Results show that the factors including family pressure of the directors, interference of the people involved in the process, political interference, capability of the interviewer to design the tests, and candidates' perception regarding the possibility of getting job have significant influence on the recruitment and selection process in the private commercial banks of Bangladesh. It was concluded from the study that the factors affecting recruitment and selection process of the banks are unable to fulfill the gap between the qualifications of the candidates and the job requirements of the banks.
Fast food industry is a high growing sector of Bangladesh. It is concerned with the tastes and habits of the people. The food-taking habit especially in fast food segment has been changing very fast over last decade among the people of... more
Fast food industry is a high growing sector of Bangladesh. It is concerned with the tastes and habits of the people. The food-taking habit especially in fast food segment has been changing very fast over last decade among the people of Dhaka-the capital city of Bangladesh. The reasons could be attributed by the increase of awareness, growth of education, development of information technology, and expansion of television channels and print media in Bangladesh. Hence, this paper aims at identifying the preference factors of fast food consumers living in Dhaka city. This study was conducted among the university students who usually eat fast food at their leisure time. To conduct the study, a total of 250 respondents were interviewed with a structured questionnaire. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used in analyzing the data. Multivariate analysis technique like factor analysis was performed to identify the preference factors of the fast food student-consumers of Bangladesh. Multiple regressions were run to identify the relationship between the factors identified and the overall preference of the consumers. Results show that the consumers give most importance on brand reputation of the food item followed by nearness to receive and accessibility, similarity of taste with previous experience, cost and quality of the food, discount and taste, cleanliness and hygiene, salesmanship and decoration, fat and cholesterol level, and self-service factors. This study suggests that the brand reputation, nearness and accessibility, similarity in taste, and cost and quality relationship should be emphasized to improve the attraction of the university students towards the fast food items in Bangladesh.
Research Interests:
Micro credit programs have positive socioeconomic impact on rural women borrowers of Bangladesh. But it is also opined by the different corners that the micro credit programs do not help the borrowers to develop entrepreneurial... more
Micro credit programs have positive socioeconomic impact on rural women borrowers of Bangladesh. But it is also opined by the different corners that the micro credit programs do not help the borrowers to develop entrepreneurial capabilities except surviving. Thus, this paper aims at identifying the factors related to the development of entrepreneurship among the rural women through micro credit programs of the micro credit providers. A multivariate analysis technique such as, Factor Analysis was conducted to identify the factors related to entrepreneurship development. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to identify the relationship between micro credit program and the development of rural women entrepreneurship in Bangladesh. Results show that the financial management skills are the most important factor that has significant relationship with the development of rural women entrepreneurship. Results also show that the group identities of the women borrowers have significant relationship with the rural entrepreneurship development in Bangladesh. Borrowers experience from the parents' families and the limitation of option also lead to the development of entrepreneurship among the rural women borrowers of Bangladesh.
Providing quality service is the prime objective of the law enforcing agency of a country. It is also important for Bangladesh where a huge number of social problems are present. This paper aims at identifying the service quality factors... more
Providing quality service is the prime objective of the law enforcing agency of a country. It is also important for Bangladesh where a huge number of social problems are present. This paper aims at identifying the service quality factors of the Bangladesh police. It includes the views on service quality of the service receivers of 33 thanas of Dhaka City. To identify service quality factors, standardized SERVQUAL instrument developed by Parasuraman and Ziethmal was used for this survey. Three hundred thirty one service receivers concerned with criminal and civil problems were interviewed with a structured questionnaire. The sample respondents were selected randomly at the 33 thanas of Dhaka City. Multivariate analytical technique like Factor Analysis was used to assess the expected and perceived service quality factors. Multiple Regression Analysis was used to identify the relationship between the overall service quality and the service quality factors in this regard. Results show that the service receivers expect that the police should keep the interest of the clients at their heart. If they promise to do something, they should do it on time. The respondents also expect that the police should use up-to-date equipments and they should have convenient operating hours. The clients perceived that the police should have interest of the clients at their heart, they should use up-to-date equipments in investigating the cases, and their operating hours should be convenient to the clients.
This study attempts to identify the factors related to service quality of the banks in Dhaka City of Bangladesh. It identifies the relationship between age, educational background, profession, and length of involvement, types of services... more
This study attempts to identify the factors related to service quality of the banks in Dhaka City of Bangladesh. It identifies the relationship between age, educational background, profession, and length of involvement, types of services obtained by the clients and the service quality factors. An extensive survey of bank clients has been performed with a structured questionnaire to identify the factors. A segmentation of the respondents was made based on the nature of services provided by the banks such as, deposit, lending and other financial services. The sample clients were selected from the branches located in 4 clusters of banks including Motijheel, Gulshan, Dhanmondi, and Uttara of Dhaka City. 404 bank clients were interviewed from Nationalized, Private and Foreign commercial banks. Among the banks, 4 are government, 6 are private and 1 is in foreign sector. In selecting sample, it was assumed that the bank clients of Dhaka City are more sensitive compared to other cities of Bangladesh, as their education level is higher. The sample clients were selected randomly at the banks while interviewing. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used in the analysis. Factor analysis was done to identify the service quality factors of the banks. Correlations between the factors and age, educational background, profession, length of involvement, and types of service obtained were identified to know the relationships. In order to explore the relationship with the overall service quality, multiple regression analysis was performed. Results show that the most important service quality factor of Banks is personal attention to the clients followed by error-free records, safety in transaction, and tangible physical facilities of the bank. It is also found that there is a significant difference between the expected and perceived service quality of public and private banks. A significant correlation between the performance of promises in time and professions of the clients are observed. Perceived service quality factors have significant relationship with the overall service quality of the banks located in Dhaka City which indicates that the factors identified have strong influence on the overall service quality.
This study deals with the job satisfaction of women workers and managerial policies of garment companies in Bangladesh. The garment industry is the fast growing export sector of Bangladesh. More than three fourths of total foreign... more
This study deals with the job satisfaction of women workers and managerial policies of garment companies in Bangladesh. The garment industry is the fast growing export sector of Bangladesh. More than three fourths of total foreign earnings of the country come from this sector. This sector has a low labor cost advantage in producing garments. The manufacturing technology of garment production has been changing from labor-intensive to more sophisticated and capital-intensive production. This change creates dissatisfaction for the lower skilled workers because of their inability to adapt to the new manufacturing process. Work dissatisfaction reduces the performance of workers and, in turn, company performance is negatively affected. Hence, the strategies related to the use of sophisticated technology and to manage human resources for the production of garments for the international markets are crucial. Therefore, this study evaluates the impact of technological change on job satisfaction of women garment workers in Bangladesh. It also explores the strategies for decreasing dissatisfaction of lower skilled workers. The study identifies the relationship between job satisfaction and the overall impact of the change. A set of job satisfaction variables was developed from the Technological Change Survey (Slem and Levi, 1995). The overall impact is defined as how workers see the impact of change on income and benefits to the family, and the identity they have as a wage earner. The specific relationship between job satisfaction and the overall impact shows that fair pay, task significance, bureaucracy, conflicts, and sharing information are significantly related. Task significance and information sharing are positively related to the overall impact. Fair pay, bureaucracy, and conflicts are negatively and significantly related to the overall impact. Less fair pay, high bureaucracy, and more conflicts cause a limited positive overall impact on women workers. The positive relationships to technological change include improvement of task significance, salary increase, improvement of the quality of supervision, improved co-workers relations and increase benefits. The negative consequences are unfair pay, work dissatisfaction, bureaucracy, conflicts between management and workers, decreased information sharing, and decreased promotions for workers. Managers, in such a situation, may not be able to resist the increasing change required because of the new technologies but they can do more to manage the change through reducing the level of unfairness in all respects, the level of bureaucracy, the level of conflicts between workers and management, and increasing information sharing with workers. This could be achieved through appropriate human resource policies such as, fair pay, rewards for work, attention to the subordinates' feelings, work redesign, communicating company goals to workers, sharing information, increasing benefits, increasing promotions, and above all providing more skill training to women garment workers.
This paper develops a conceptual framework of technological change and its impact on textile and garment workers in developing countries based on an extensive literature review. It proposes human resource development (HRD) strategies for... more
This paper develops a conceptual framework of technological change and its impact on textile and garment workers in developing countries based on an extensive literature review. It proposes human resource development (HRD) strategies for adapting the change efficiently so that the negative impact of technological change is minimized. Technological change increases job insecurity, job dissatisfaction and deteriorates work relations in the company. It eliminates lower skilled jobs from the company by bringing new and advanced machines. These, in turn, have impact on the overall socioeconomic situation of workers, which is a defined in socioeconomic term. It includes economic factors such as income, and social concerns such as family or status. The level of impact of technological change depends on the change management process that includes human resource planning, work reorganization , training and development, worker participation, and information sharing. These programs act as mediating factors. The higher level of efficacy of the change management process results in a less negative impact on workers. Thus, technology alone does not determine the acceptance or rejection of the change, but it efficacy is determined by how it is managed.
Global technological change has significant impact on lower skilled female textile and garment workers in Thailand, as it brings new machines and manufacturing processes into the company. This study aims at identifying the factors of... more
Global technological change has significant impact on lower skilled female textile and garment workers in Thailand, as it brings new machines and manufacturing processes into the company. This study aims at identifying the factors of global technological change on female textile and garment workers in Thailand. It covers three impact areas such as, job security, job satisfaction and work relations. 10 variables were identified from job security, 36 from job satisfaction and 10 from work relations' areas. Multivariate analysis such as, Factor Analysis and Multiple Regression was used to analyze the data. Factor Analysis has been performed to identify the factors of the technological change on the female workers. Using Multiple Regression analysis, the overall impact of the technological change on female textile and garment workers has been assessed. The results show that the impact factors are frustration, skill demands, downsizing, meaningful work, pride in job, supervision, benefits, bureaucracy, unclear work assignments, recognition, fairness in pay, workload, the change process, strikes, and personal control. Among these factors, frustration and downsizing are concerned with job security; benefits, bureaucracy are related to job satisfaction; and the work processes and personal control are concerned with work relations. These factors are significantly related to the overall impact of the technological change on Thai female textile and garment workers. Factors concerning job security, job satisfaction, work relations together are significantly related to the overall socioeconomic lives of female and garment workers in Thailand.
This study attempts to evaluate job satisfaction of bank officers in Bangladesh. It focuses on the relative importance of job satisfaction factors and their impacts on the overall job satisfaction of officers. It also investigates the... more
This study attempts to evaluate job satisfaction of bank officers in Bangladesh. It focuses on the relative importance of job satisfaction factors and their impacts on the overall job satisfaction of officers. It also investigates the impacts of bank type, work experience, age, and sex differences on the attitudes toward job Satisfaction. The result shows that salary, efficiency in work, fringe supervision, and co-worker relation are the most important factors contributing to job satisfaction. Private bank
officers have higher levels of job satisfaction than those from public
sectors as they enjoy better facilities and supportive work environment. Work
experience is found as the second most important factor affecting job
satisfaction. Sex and age differences have relatively lower level of impact on
it. The overall job satisfaction of the bank officers is at the positive level.
officers have higher levels of job satisfaction than those from public
sectors as they enjoy better facilities and supportive work environment. Work
experience is found as the second most important factor affecting job
satisfaction. Sex and age differences have relatively lower level of impact on
it. The overall job satisfaction of the bank officers is at the positive level.
This paper is an attempt to systematize diversified strategic issues in global manufacturing. It focuses on technological resources and capabilities, and forward and backward supports of the manufacturing companies. With the increased... more
This paper is an attempt to systematize diversified strategic issues in global manufacturing. It focuses on technological resources and capabilities, and forward and backward supports of the manufacturing companies. With the increased competition in the marketplace, businesses are more function oriented and as such technological capability based strategy has got its prominence among the manufacturers. The study classified global manufacturing strategic issues into acquisitive, operative, innovative and supportive technological capabilities. It presents a comprehensive strategic model for global manufacturing showing interplay between technological resources and capabilities, and forward and backward supports. The model suggests manufacturers to consider resource and capability-based strategies in global manufacturing to be more competitive in their operation.
In today�s business scenario, strategic decisions rely to a very large extent upon critical and precise information needs. However, this information itself is plagued in its divergence and often overlapping. As such, this study attempts... more
In today�s business scenario, strategic decisions rely to a very large extent upon critical and precise information needs. However, this information itself is plagued in its divergence and often overlapping. As such, this study attempts to sort out relevant information in formulating technology strategy from a system point of view. It seeks to explain present information systems in business organizations and identifies information needs in different decision areas in technology strategy formulation. Furthermore, it looks into technology strategy dimensions and their interdependence that provide a premise for modeling information systems of an enterprise. A context diagram has been developed based on dimensions of technology strategy formulation for better discernment of information. Finally, the study suggests a comprehensive model of information systems for technology strategy formulation consisting of info-input, info-process, and info-output.
For the last two decades, Ready-Made Garment (RMG) Industry has been the life-blood of the economy of Bangladesh. This sector accounted for about 80% of the total export earnings of the country. In the recent years, it has been observed... more
For the last two decades, Ready-Made Garment (RMG) Industry has been the life-blood of the economy of Bangladesh. This sector accounted for about 80% of the total export earnings of the country. In the recent years, it has been observed that the workers have came down in the street and making insurgence on their demand and tried to destruct public properties. As a result, companies are losing working-hours and production targets. It also hampers export earnings and the image of the country to the international markets. In this connection, this study tried to find out the factors behind the unrest in the ready-made garment industry of Bangladesh and identifies some measures to improve the situation. In this study, 244 workers were interviewed from the different garment factories located in Savar and Gazipur district of Bangladesh. Data were analyzed with factor analysis, regression model, and by using other suitable statistical tools. The results show that the main causes of labor unrest include lack of minimum facility and safety at work, substandard living conditions, deferred payment of wages and benefits, international conspiracy and coercive role of the law enforcing agency, too much dependency on buyers, pressures from the workers and local terrorists, use of workers by others and rumors, un-fulfillment of education demands of their children, distorted minded workers, political instability of the country, too much workload, lack of promotion opportunity, insufficient wages to survive etc. If the policy makers of Bangladesh consider these causes and make policies to overcome the problems the labor unrest in garment sector may be minimized.
Research Interests:
Bangladesh is one of the youngest countries in the world with more than half of its population being under the age of 25. The nation is in the transition period towards becoming a middle income country by the year 2021. To develop an... more
Bangladesh is one of the youngest countries in the world with more than half of its population being under the age of 25. The nation is in the transition period towards becoming a middle income country by the year 2021. To develop an entrepreneurship-based economy and sustain its continuous growth, university graduates can play a crucial role. At present, more than two third of the business graduates are going to the job markets from the private universities of Bangladesh. They are the important segment for the future growth and development of the country. It is opined that if the business graduates are properly educated for entrepreneurship development it would have a positive impact on the economic development of Bangladesh. Hence, this study aims at identifying the psychological perspective of entrepreneurial intentions among the business graduates of private universities in Bangladesh. This study was conducted among 205 business graduates of ten private universities of Bangladesh. The data were collected through surveying business graduates of private universities of Bangladesh with the help of a structured questionnaire which was developed through literature review. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Multivariate analysis technique like exploratory factor analysis was performed to identify the psychological factors relating to the entrepreneurial intentions of the business graduates of private universities of Bangladesh. Confirmatory analysis confirmed five psychological factors such as, challenge taking attitude, proactive nature, confidence in decision making, quest for excellence, and exposure orientation of the graduates. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was performed to identify the relationships between the overall entrepreneurial intention and the psychological factors for entrepreneurial intention. Results show that Bangladeshi business graduates are proactive, they feel quest for excellence and they have exposure orientation which can make them entrepreneurs. However, they have lacks in challenge taking attitude and confidence in decision making. This study suggests that the policymakers of the country should give importance on the concerned issues in designing the educational and other policies in this regard.
Research Interests:
There is a paramount importance of Job Satisfaction of the employees of an organization for the smooth functioning of its work. It has substantial impact on workers’ performance. RMG workers of Bangladesh are enormous in number and... more
There is a paramount importance of Job Satisfaction of the employees of an organization for the smooth functioning of its work. It has substantial impact on workers’ performance. RMG workers of Bangladesh are enormous in number and instrumental to the economic growth of Bangladesh. But the salary and other benefits of these workers are very low
compared to that of other industrial sectors. Sometimes, the salary and benefits are not even paid on time to the workers. As a result, a serious concern has been raised by the national and international stakeholders about the job satisfaction of RMG workers. Therefore, this study aims at identifying the job satisfaction factors of the RMG workers and providing suggestions for the improvement of present situation. For analyzing data multivariate analysis techniques are used by using Smart PLS, and SPSS. Salary and benefits, supervisor’s behavior, work and family life, working condition and the working environment are identified as factors having influence on job satisfaction of RMG workers in Bangladesh. Results show that the salary and benefits, supervisor’s behavior, work and family life are significantly related to the job satisfaction of the workers. This study suggests that for ensuring job satisfaction of the RMG workers in Bangladesh the policy makers should focus more on salary and benefits, supervisors’ behavior, and work and family life of the workers.
Keywords: Ready Made Garments (RMG), job satisfaction, salary and benefits, supervisor’s behavior, work and family life
compared to that of other industrial sectors. Sometimes, the salary and benefits are not even paid on time to the workers. As a result, a serious concern has been raised by the national and international stakeholders about the job satisfaction of RMG workers. Therefore, this study aims at identifying the job satisfaction factors of the RMG workers and providing suggestions for the improvement of present situation. For analyzing data multivariate analysis techniques are used by using Smart PLS, and SPSS. Salary and benefits, supervisor’s behavior, work and family life, working condition and the working environment are identified as factors having influence on job satisfaction of RMG workers in Bangladesh. Results show that the salary and benefits, supervisor’s behavior, work and family life are significantly related to the job satisfaction of the workers. This study suggests that for ensuring job satisfaction of the RMG workers in Bangladesh the policy makers should focus more on salary and benefits, supervisors’ behavior, and work and family life of the workers.
Keywords: Ready Made Garments (RMG), job satisfaction, salary and benefits, supervisor’s behavior, work and family life