- Economics, Entrepreneurship, Globalization, International Relations Theory, Business History, History of Retailing, and 20 moreEconomic History, Foreign Direct Investment, International Economics, Engineering, Foreign Direct Investment ( FDI ), Internationalization, Retail, Spain (History), Multinational Corporations, 19th century France, Interwar Period History, 20th century France, Contemporary History of Spain, Twentieth Century Germany, Consultancy, Spain under Franco, History Banking, Schumpeter, Finance, and Bankingedit
- Rafael Castro Balaguer es profesor contratado doctor interino de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Su investigación ... moreRafael Castro Balaguer es profesor contratado doctor interino de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Su investigación premiada en tres ocasiones (Premio Hamilton 2010, Premio Wilkins y Premio Scranton 2018) incluye un extenso trabajo en historia comercial, inversiones extranjeras directas, relaciones internacionales, economía política de la empresa y economía pública. Ha publicado cerca de una veintena de artículos y capítulos de libro en publicaciones de prestigio, entre ellas, Industrial and Corporate Change, Enterpriseedit
The call for a special symposium on ‘The Brand and Its History’ has led to two journal issues that focus on trademarks and brands, respectively. This issue is devoted to trademarks, the more concrete, well-documented, and measurable... more
The call for a special symposium on ‘The Brand and Its History’ has led to two journal issues that focus on trademarks and brands, respectively. This issue is devoted to trademarks, the more concrete, well-documented, and measurable aspect of brands. This editorial introduces trademark studies; summarises previous contributions from economic, legal, business, and historical literature; provides a short overview of the topics and findings of the seven articles included in this issue; and reflects on further research.
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This is the second special issue resulting from the symposium titled ‘The Brand and Its History’. This issue aims at deepening the knowledge of the historical and cultural roots of the origin, uses, and meanings of modern branding. This... more
This is the second special issue resulting from the symposium titled ‘The Brand and Its History’. This issue aims at deepening the knowledge of the historical and cultural roots of the origin, uses, and meanings of modern branding. This editorial summarises previous contributions from economic, marketing, and historical literature; presents the main findings of the seven articles included in this issue; and reflects on possible further research.
Research Interests:
This article reflects on foreign direct investment (FDI) and intellectual property rights (IPRs) over the long term, and analyzes the case of Spain during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Although the interactions between IPRs and... more
This article reflects on foreign direct investment (FDI) and intellectual property rights (IPRs) over the long term, and analyzes the case of Spain during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Although the interactions between IPRs and FDI have attracted significant research efforts in distinct economic and business areas, the results lack permanent answers. Our findings demonstrate that, from a macro-level perspective: (1) FDI and IPRs are effectively related over the long term; (2) weak IPR protection does not seem to have stopped FDI; and (3) the countries with major FDI in Spain were less worried about IPR management than were other countries with less FDI.
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The processes of structural change and modernization in the food distribution industry have been submitted to different economic and institutional frameworks in European countries. Three essential factors have affected structural change... more
The processes of structural change and modernization in the food distribution industry have been submitted to different economic and institutional frameworks in European countries. Three essential factors have affected structural change in Spain: 1) the role of technical and organizational innovations, 2) institutional factors such as regulation and market structures, and 3) foreign direct investments. This article discusses with the framework of the “latecomers.” In these countries, the factor of innovation has been produced in terms of appropriation, whether this is technological or organizational, usually influenced by foreign models or through direct foreign investment. The impact of these innovations has been highly conditioned by inflexible institutional surroundings. Considering the Spanish food trade in the last sixty years is a good way understanding processes of structural change in Mediterranean Europe. This research helps one understand the role taken by countries, which introduced factors of innovation and growth in less favourable surroundings than those of developed Europe.
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We study the behavior of the French Technical Consulting firms in the Spain of the Planning (1959-1976), when the Spanish market converted into a very competitive one due to the liberalization and modernization of the economy. For this... more
We study the behavior of the French Technical Consulting firms in the Spain of the Planning (1959-1976), when the Spanish market converted into a very competitive one due to the liberalization and modernization of the economy. For this purpose, the main players – both the French as well as their Spanish partners - have been identified and the strategies, models and sectors in which the French technical consultancies specialized in our country have been analyzed. Our research reveals that the French firms operated mainly via technical assistance contracts, when providing services to the classical sectors of French investment of between the first and the second industrial revolutions. These sectors include mining, railroads, iron and steel, chemicals and electricity. The French presence within these activities was based upon their experience and knowledge of the markets, in turn resulting from their historical presence in Spain. The paper is also useful to assist in the conceptualization of how management knowledge crosses borders, in light of the available literature regarding business consultancy.
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Spain emerged from the Civil War (1936-1939) with formidable economic problems. They were caused by military destruction, by foreign condemnation, and especially by the establishment of an autarkic system, in which the victorious... more
Spain emerged from the Civil War (1936-1939) with formidable economic problems. They were caused by military destruction, by foreign condemnation, and especially by the establishment of an autarkic system, in which the victorious Francoist side followed the political and economic path of other European fascist regimes. Despite legal restrictions, many foreign companies continued to seek out and exploit both new and old relationships in Spain, usually in association with the state-owned holding Instituto Nacional de Industria (INI). This foreign support was a major factor in ending Spain’s international isolation, increasing confidence in the Spanish economy, and removing obstacles for later growth. The purpose of this article is to analyze the collaboration between French firms and INI in the early Franco era (1940s and 1950s), identifying the main enterprises, agreements, and results. We assert that foreign assistance to Spain was present during the autarky period and highlight the continuity of the collaboration between Spain and France in those difficult years. Therefore, we defend multinationals' flexibility in adapting themselves to a hostile environment, particularly across political and economic networks with local partners.
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This research studies the behavior of the French Technical Consulting firms in the Spain of the Planning. Our paper reveals that French consultancy firms specialized in classic sectors of the French FDI in Spain such as mining, railways,... more
This research studies the behavior of the French Technical Consulting firms in the Spain of the Planning. Our paper reveals that French consultancy firms specialized in classic sectors of the French FDI in Spain such as mining, railways, steel, chemicals and electricity, halfway between the first and the second Industrial Revolutions. The French presence in the sector was due to the accumulated experience, the knowledge of the Spanish market and, also, due to a better adaptation to the Spanish firms. With new French and Spanish sources and in the light of new definitions given by historians of technology, the paper is also useful to reinterpret and to clarify some concepts without a sharp definition.
Since the 1960s, the growth of infrastructure related to family business education, and the development of family business centres and professional associations enabled the transfer of new ideas about management. By doing so, consultant,... more
Since the 1960s, the growth of infrastructure related to family business education, and the development of family business centres and professional associations enabled the transfer of
new ideas about management. By doing so, consultant, institutions and scholars encouraged a process of change of family firms that also affected other types of companies, i.e. family offices, organizations to protect their particular family’s investments and assets for both current and subsequent generations. Clearly, the family office was not a new concept, but the changes operated in the family business field allowed its transformation into professional organizations.
new ideas about management. By doing so, consultant, institutions and scholars encouraged a process of change of family firms that also affected other types of companies, i.e. family offices, organizations to protect their particular family’s investments and assets for both current and subsequent generations. Clearly, the family office was not a new concept, but the changes operated in the family business field allowed its transformation into professional organizations.
Research Interests:
This paper seeks to draw the path of one of the most successful sectors in French international business: the big retailing. The starting hypothesis assesses that the arrival and the success of French hypermarkets is due to a set of... more
This paper seeks to draw the path of one of the most successful sectors in French international business: the big retailing. The starting hypothesis assesses that the arrival and the success of French hypermarkets is due to a set of circumstances: the fact that Spain was a neighbor country and a preferential destination for French tourists is, probably, the first reason. We cannot forget the relaxed legislation in the country and the election of good local partners. The paper is a case of study on the international investment in a sector with a lack of research, the big retailing. The main character of the research is the Carrefour Group (which includes the stories of PRYCA and Continente in Spain) and the Auchan Group (with the name of Alcampo in Spain). It is the history of a business with a gradual growth, from pioneering investments, and that seems to fit with the theoretical framework developed by several authors of the School of Uppsala in the seventies.
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Este trabajo describe y explica el crecimiento de la inversión extranjera directa española hasta 1980 y ofrece una tipología de las empresas españolas antes de la internacionalización del capital: pequeñas y medianas empresas que buscaron... more
Este trabajo describe y explica el crecimiento de la inversión extranjera directa española hasta 1980 y ofrece una tipología de las empresas españolas antes de la internacionalización del capital: pequeñas y medianas empresas que buscaron refugio en una inversión fronteriza. Además, analiza las implicaciones económicas, financieras y políticas, y el papel de las instituciones en todo el proceso. El trabajo demuestra la absoluta compatibilidad entre la acción institucional (que impulsa o marca el comportamiento de los agentes económicos) y una actitud proactiva (de carácter ofensivo) de la inversión extranjera.
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As the oldest foreign bank presence in the country, the second half of the 20th means for French banking the search of a place in the difficult Spanish bank market. Following the legislation and economy evolution, French banks... more
As the oldest foreign bank presence in the
country, the second half of the 20th means for
French banking the search of a place in the
difficult Spanish bank market. Following the
legislation and economy evolution, French
banks diversified their financial supply in the
sixties, lent capitals in the seventies and the
eighties, and tried to compete with Spanish
commercial banks in the nineties. Its
evolution, for almost fifty years, permits us to
analyze an episode of foreign direct
investment (FDI), focused, in this occasion, in
transnational banking. This paper tries to
contribute in the debate about persistent and
changing patterns of FDI in a host country in
the long run.
country, the second half of the 20th means for
French banking the search of a place in the
difficult Spanish bank market. Following the
legislation and economy evolution, French
banks diversified their financial supply in the
sixties, lent capitals in the seventies and the
eighties, and tried to compete with Spanish
commercial banks in the nineties. Its
evolution, for almost fifty years, permits us to
analyze an episode of foreign direct
investment (FDI), focused, in this occasion, in
transnational banking. This paper tries to
contribute in the debate about persistent and
changing patterns of FDI in a host country in
the long run.
Research Interests:
International capital flows are strongly in uenced by country specific patterns that can be best understood in historical and comparative perspective. A long-term empirical analysis of French and German investment in Spain reveals that... more
International capital flows are strongly in uenced by country specific patterns that can be best understood in historical and
comparative perspective. A long-term empirical analysis of
French and German investment in Spain reveals that the core
capabilities of foreign frms and their relations with local partners
have spurred the rise and development of two national models of international investment, characterized here as “political” and “technical.” The research identifes the main actors and ownership advantages of the two models, which have proved resilient over time.
comparative perspective. A long-term empirical analysis of
French and German investment in Spain reveals that the core
capabilities of foreign frms and their relations with local partners
have spurred the rise and development of two national models of international investment, characterized here as “political” and “technical.” The research identifes the main actors and ownership advantages of the two models, which have proved resilient over time.
Research Interests:
This article tries to reconstruct the path of the French investment in Spain from the beginning of the 19th century to the start of the Civil War. To do so, we describe the set up and the height of the French investment model during a... more
This article tries to reconstruct the path of the French investment in Spain from the beginning of the 19th century to the start of the Civil War. To do so, we describe the set up and the height of the French investment model during a large part of the 19th century as well as its exhaustion and its subsequent restructuring since the beginning of the 20th century and, especially, in the inter-war
period. The role of the French capital in Spain is taken as a case of study to examine the dynamics of the foreign investment in a peripheral country and to analyse how it crosses borders and how it adapts to the host's changes. The exam is carried out to 3 levels: the interactions of the French capital with the Establishment and with its Spanish associates; the involved sectors and their evolution; and the bequest of the French investment in Spain.
period. The role of the French capital in Spain is taken as a case of study to examine the dynamics of the foreign investment in a peripheral country and to analyse how it crosses borders and how it adapts to the host's changes. The exam is carried out to 3 levels: the interactions of the French capital with the Establishment and with its Spanish associates; the involved sectors and their evolution; and the bequest of the French investment in Spain.
Research Interests:
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In this paper, we reflect on the links between the origin and rate of foreign direct investments (FDI) and the granting of intellectual property rights (IPRs) to foreigners in Spain during the nineteenth and the first half of the... more
In this paper, we reflect on the links between the origin and rate of foreign direct investments (FDI) and the granting of intellectual property rights (IPRs) to foreigners in Spain during the nineteenth and the first half of the twentieth century. Our main hypothesis is that the two issues were strongly related during the extension of industrialization in Europe, although distinct interests and goals could have led to different investment and IPR strategies. This was true during the whole period studied, and especially after 1880, when the first globalization emerged, progressively favoring corporative transnational investments and international agreements on IPRs. During both centuries, foreign investors from several North Atlantic countries flooded the Spanish economy, taking thousands of patents and trademarks. Based on outstanding data on FDI and foreign IPRs in Spain, the scope of this complex relation is explored. In doing so, our hypothesis is confirmed and distinct international strategies and performances in the Spanish economy disentangled. Thus, our study provides a better understanding: 1) of the spread of international capitalism and multinationals, 2) of the competition among pioneers and first followers in the international markets, and 3) of the role of IPRs in that process. Our findings also shed light on the current debates regarding the relation of international investments and the protection of intangible assets in today’s global markets.
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The processes of structural change and modernisation in the food distribution industry have been submitted to different economic and institutional frameworks in European countries. Two essential factors have affected these changes: on... more
The processes of structural change and modernisation in the food distribution industry
have been submitted to different economic and institutional frameworks in European
countries. Two essential factors have affected these changes: on one hand, the role of
technical, financial and organisational innovations and on the other, institutional factors.
The weight of both has varied depending on the historical circumstances of the
countries in consideration and their level of development.
This paper discusses with the framework of the “latecomers”. In these countries, the
factor of innovation has been produced in terms of appropriation, whether this is
technological or organisational, usually influenced by foreign models or through direct
foreign investment. The impact of these innovations has been highly conditioned by
inflexible institutional surroundings.
Considering the Spanish food trade in the last sixty years is a good way of dealing with
the processes of structural change in Mediterranean Europe. This paper helps one
understand the role taken by countries which introduced factors of innovation and
growth in less favourable surroundings than those of developed Europe.
have been submitted to different economic and institutional frameworks in European
countries. Two essential factors have affected these changes: on one hand, the role of
technical, financial and organisational innovations and on the other, institutional factors.
The weight of both has varied depending on the historical circumstances of the
countries in consideration and their level of development.
This paper discusses with the framework of the “latecomers”. In these countries, the
factor of innovation has been produced in terms of appropriation, whether this is
technological or organisational, usually influenced by foreign models or through direct
foreign investment. The impact of these innovations has been highly conditioned by
inflexible institutional surroundings.
Considering the Spanish food trade in the last sixty years is a good way of dealing with
the processes of structural change in Mediterranean Europe. This paper helps one
understand the role taken by countries which introduced factors of innovation and
growth in less favourable surroundings than those of developed Europe.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
With unpublished sources, this paper draws the evolution of French banking in Spain between 1800 and 2000 and shows how French banks operated in the country, seeking, once and again, to consolidate business positions in a more and more... more
With unpublished sources, this paper draws the evolution of French banking in Spain between 1800 and 2000 and shows how French banks operated in the country, seeking, once and again, to consolidate business positions in a more and more difficult market. As the oldest foreign bank presence in the country, French banks strongly dominated the Spanish market in the 19th century. The turn of the 20th century and the Spanish economic evolution meant a sort of hibernation for French banks. They only did with it in the middle of the fifties. The second half of the 20th means for French banking the search of a place in the difficult Spanish bank market. Following the legislation and economy evolution, French banks diversified their financial supply in the sixties, lent capitals in the seventies and the eighties, and tried to compete with Spanish commercial banks in the nineties. Its evolution, for almost one hundred and fifty years, allows us to analyze an episode of foreign direct investment (FDI), focused, in this occasion, in transnational banking. This paper tries to contribute in the debate about persistent and changing patterns of FDI in a host country in the long run.
Research Interests:
This article seeks to identify whether the origins of the circular economy were already in place by the end of the 20th century. Historical analysis has highlighted that wartime often generates the conditions in which innovative actives... more
This article seeks to identify whether the origins of the circular economy were already in place by the end of the 20th century. Historical analysis has highlighted that wartime often generates the conditions in which innovative actives thrive as scarcity and shortages require adaptation of productive models. What is less well understood is how these changes occur, for how long they last and, specifically in this research, what role is played by adopting elements of the circular economy. This article examines a particular case of war and its aftermath: the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) and the First Franco regime (1939-1959) and it focuses on the railway sector. Our research traces the manner in which the railway companies and the State managed their limited resources using the circular economy almost sixty years before it had appeared as a concept. To do so, we analyze the recycling and waste recovery programs of the different companies during the war. We then look in more detail at the case of one of the main railway infrastructure companies of the 1950s and 1960s, Ferrovial, whose success stems, in part, from the introduction of certain elements of circularity in its management. These two studies allow us to explore the historical links between scarcity and the circular economy.
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This article seeks to identify whether the origins of the circular economy were already in place by the end of the 20th century. Historical analysis has highlighted that wartime often generates the conditions in which innovative actives... more
This article seeks to identify whether the origins of the circular economy were already in place by the end of the 20th century. Historical analysis has highlighted that wartime often generates the conditions in which innovative actives thrive as scarcity and shortages require adaptation of productive models. What is less well understood is how these changes occur, for how long they last and, specifically in this research, what role is played by adopting elements of the circular economy. This article examines a particular case of war and its aftermath: the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) and the First Franco regime (1939-1959) and it focuses on the railway sector. Our research traces the manner in which the railway companies and the State managed their limited resources using the circular economy almost sixty years before it had appeared as a concept. To do so, we analyze the recycling and waste recovery programs of the different companies during the war. We then look in more detail at the case of one of the main railway infrastructure companies of the 1950s and 1960s, Ferrovial, whose success stems, in part, from the introduction of certain elements of circularity in its management. These two studies allow us to explore the historical links between scarcity and the circular economy.
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Research Interests: Business, History of Science and Technology, Economic History, Economics, Social Networks, and 13 moreInternational Business, Nineteenth Century Studies, Business History, Global Studies, Technology transfer, Knowledge Transfer, Communities of practice, Networks of Practice, Philosophy and Religious Studies, Sugar industry, Sugar Technology, Knowledge Communities, and Communities of Practice
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espanolUna de las transformaciones derivadas del Espacio Europeo de Educacion Superior mas apreciable ha sido la forma de impartir docencia con la convivencia de formatos clasicas de ensenanza junto con la inclusion de nuevas metodologias... more
espanolUna de las transformaciones derivadas del Espacio Europeo de Educacion Superior mas apreciable ha sido la forma de impartir docencia con la convivencia de formatos clasicas de ensenanza junto con la inclusion de nuevas metodologias docentes. El objetivo planteado en esta experiencia docente es precisamente valorar la incorporacion de una de esas metodologias activas y evaluar el impacto en diferentes aspectos del aprendizaje. Se ha llevado a cabo una experiencia piloto a traves de los Small Private Online Course con vistas a promover el aprendizaje y la motivacion de los estudiantes. La finalidad no es solo testar si esta herramienta es valida para impulsar estrategias viables de autoaprendizaje fuera del aula sino su impacto en los resultados del aprendizaje de los estudiantes. EnglishOne of the main changes arising from the European Higher Education has been a new way to face university teaching, where classical methods get along with new teaching methodologies. In the pape...
In this article, we study the behavior of French technical consulting firms in the Spain of the Planning (1959–1976), when the Spanish market increased its competitiveness as a result of the liberalization and modernization of its... more
In this article, we study the behavior of French technical consulting firms in the Spain of the Planning (1959–1976), when the Spanish market increased its competitiveness as a result of the liberalization and modernization of its economy. For this purpose, the main players—both the French and their Spanish partners—have been identified, and the strategies, models, and sectors in which the French technical consultancies specialized in Spain have been analyzed. Our research reveals that French firms mainly operated via technical assistance contracts when providing services to the classical sectors of French investment in Spain between the first and the second industrial revolutions. These sectors include mining, railroads, iron and steel, chemicals, and electricity. The French role in these activities was based on their experience and knowledge of the market, in turn resulting from their historical presence in the neighboring country. The article is also useful to assist the available literature regarding business consultancy in the conceptualization of how management knowledge is transferred from one country to another.
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The processes of structural change and modernization in the food distribution industry have been submitted to different economic and institutional frameworks in European countries. Three essential factors have affected structural change... more
The processes of structural change and modernization in the food distribution industry have been submitted to different economic and institutional frameworks in European countries. Three essential factors have affected structural change in Spain: 1) the role of technical and organizational innovations, 2) institutional factors such as regulation and market structures, and 3) foreign direct investments. This article discusses with the framework of the “latecomers.” In these countries, the factor of innovation has been produced in terms of appropriation, whether this is technological or organizational, usually influenced by foreign models or through direct foreign investment. The impact of these innovations has been highly conditioned by inflexible institutional surroundings. Considering the Spanish food trade in the last sixty years is a good way understanding processes of structural change in Mediterranean Europe. This research helps one understand the role taken by countries, which...
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Desde los anos sesenta del siglo XX, el crecimiento de la infraestructura relacionada con la educacion en empresa familiar, incluido el desarrollo de centros y asociaciones profesionales especificos, ha permitido la transferencia de... more
Desde los anos sesenta del siglo XX, el crecimiento de la infraestructura relacionada con la educacion en empresa familiar, incluido el desarrollo de centros y asociaciones profesionales especificos, ha permitido la transferencia de nuevas ideas y tendencias en direccion de empresas. Consultores, instituciones y academicos han impulsado un proceso de cambio en las empresas familiares que tambien ha afectado a otro tipo de companias, las family offices, organizaciones creadas para gestionar las inversiones de la familia y el patrimonio de las generaciones presentes y futuras. Claramente, las family offices no son un concepto nuevo, pero las innovaciones operadas en la disciplina de empresa familiar han permitido su transformacion en organizaciones profesionales.
Este trabajo describe y explica el crecimiento de la inversion extranjera directa espanola hasta 1980 y ofrece una tipologia de las empresas espanolas antes de la internacionalizacion del capital: pequenas y medianas empresas que buscaron... more
Este trabajo describe y explica el crecimiento de la inversion extranjera directa espanola hasta 1980 y ofrece una tipologia de las empresas espanolas antes de la internacionalizacion del capital: pequenas y medianas empresas que buscaron refugio en una inversion fronteriza. Ademas, analiza las implicaciones economicas, financieras y politicas, y el papel de las instituciones en todo el proceso. El trabajo demuestra la absoluta compatibilidad entre la accion institucional (que impulsa o marca el comportamiento de los agentes economicos) y una actitud proactiva (de caracter ofensivo) de la inversion extranjera.
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Reseña del libro Pablo DÍAZ MORLÁN: Empresarios, militares y políticos: La Compañía Española de Minas del Rif (1907-1967), Madrid, Marcial Pons, 2015, 226 p., ISBN: 9788415963721.
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The processes of structural change and modernisation in the food distribution industry have been submitted to different economic and institutional frameworks in European countries. Two essential factors have affected these changes: on one... more
The processes of structural change and modernisation in the food distribution industry have been submitted to different economic and institutional frameworks in European countries. Two essential factors have affected these changes: on one hand, the role of technical, financial and organisational innovations and on the other, institutional factors. The weight of both has varied depending on the historical circumstances of the countries in consideration and their level of development. This paper discusses with the framework of the “latecomers”. In these countries, the factor of innovation has been produced in terms of appropriation, whether this is technological or organisational, usually influenced by foreign models or through direct foreign investment. The impact of these innovations has been highly conditioned by inflexible institutional surroundings. Considering the Spanish food trade in the last sixty years is a good way of dealing with the processes of structural change in Medit...
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Esta investigacion estudia el comportamiento de la consultoria tecnica francesa en la Espana de la Planificacion. Nuestro trabajo revela que las empresas de consultoria tecnica francesas se especializaron, sobre todo a traves de los... more
Esta investigacion estudia el comportamiento de la consultoria tecnica francesa en la Espana de la Planificacion. Nuestro trabajo revela que las empresas de consultoria tecnica francesas se especializaron, sobre todo a traves de los contratos de asistencia tecnica, en la provision de servicios a sectores clasicos en la inversion francesa, a medio camino entre la primera y la segunda revolucion industrial, como la mineria, el sector ferroviario, la siderurgia, la quimica o la electricidad. La presencia francesa en esta actividad se baso en la experiencia y en el conocimiento del mercado y en una mejor adaptacion de sus servicios a la empresa espanola. El trabajo sirve para reinterpretar, asimismo, fuentes primarias espanolas y francesas a la luz de nuevas definiciones aportadas por historiadores de la tecnologia y ayudan a aclarar conceptos que no cuentan con una definicion nitida.
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Page 1. the EMERGENCE of MODERN BUSINESS ENTERPRISE in FRANCE, 1800-1930 MICHAEL STEPHEN SMITH Page 2. Page 3. Page 4. ... Page 8. Page 9. The Emergence ofModern Business Enterprise in France, 1800-1930 Page 10. Page 11. ...
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... When Banesto absorbed Juliana y Compañía and the Gijonés de Crédito, the Masaveus kept a seat on the board of one of the ... Peterson [Cristina Masaveu Peterson Foundation]. ... Bankinter, Banco Santander [Santander Bank], Bodegas... more
... When Banesto absorbed Juliana y Compañía and the Gijonés de Crédito, the Masaveus kept a seat on the board of one of the ... Peterson [Cristina Masaveu Peterson Foundation]. ... Bankinter, Banco Santander [Santander Bank], Bodegas Pagos de Araiz [Pargo de Araiz ...
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"The processes of structural change and modernisation in the food distribution industry have been submitted to different economic and institutional frameworks in European countries. Two essential factors have affected these changes:... more
"The processes of structural change and modernisation in the food distribution industry have been submitted to different economic and institutional frameworks in European countries. Two essential factors have affected these changes: on one hand, the role of technical, financial and organisational innovations and on the other, institutional factors. The weight of both has varied depending on the historical circumstances of the countries in consideration and their level of development. This paper discusses with the framework of the “latecomers”. In these countries, the factor of innovation has been produced in terms of appropriation, whether this is technological or organisational, usually influenced by foreign models or through direct foreign investment. The impact of these innovations has been highly conditioned by inflexible institutional surroundings. Considering the Spanish food trade in the last sixty years is a good way of dealing with the processes of structural change in Mediterranean Europe. This paper helps one understand the role taken by countries which introduced factors of innovation and growth in less favourable surroundings than those of developed Europe. "
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This research studies the behavior of the French Technical Consulting firms in the Spain of the Planning. Our paper reveals that French consultancy firms specialized in classic sectors of the French FDI in Spain such as mining, railways,... more
This research studies the behavior of the French Technical Consulting firms in the Spain of the Planning. Our paper reveals that French consultancy firms specialized in classic sectors of the French FDI in Spain such as mining, railways, steel, chemicals and electricity, halfway between the first and the second Industrial Revolutions. The French presence in the sector was due to the accumulated experience, the knowledge of the Spanish market and, also, due to a better adaptation to the Spanish firms. With new French and Spanish sources and in the light of new definitions given by historians of technology, the paper is also useful to reinterpret and to clarify some concepts without a sharp definition.
Research Interests:
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... 5, No.3, pp. 321-332. Mintz, B. and Schwartz, M. (1981): “The structure of intercorporate unity in American busi-ness”, Social Problems, 29, pp. 87–103. ... 1 Contact Author: IESE Business School, Universidad de Navarra. Camino del... more
... 5, No.3, pp. 321-332. Mintz, B. and Schwartz, M. (1981): “The structure of intercorporate unity in American busi-ness”, Social Problems, 29, pp. 87–103. ... 1 Contact Author: IESE Business School, Universidad de Navarra. Camino del Cerro del Águila, 3. 28023 Madrid, España. ...
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"The processes of structural change and modernisation in the food distribution industry have been submitted to different economic and institutional frameworks in European countries. Two essential factors have affected these changes:... more
"The processes of structural change and modernisation in the food distribution industry have been submitted to different economic and institutional frameworks in European countries. Two essential factors have affected these changes: on one hand, the role of technical, financial and organisational innovations and on the other, institutional factors. The weight of both has varied depending on the historical circumstances of the countries in consideration and their level of development. This paper discusses with the framework of the “latecomers”. In these countries, the factor of innovation has been produced in terms of appropriation, whether this is technological or organisational, usually influenced by foreign models or through direct foreign investment. The impact of these innovations has been highly conditioned by inflexible institutional surroundings. Considering the Spanish food trade in the last sixty years is a good way of dealing with the processes of structural change in Mediterranean Europe. This paper helps one understand the role taken by countries which introduced factors of innovation and growth in less favourable surroundings than those of developed Europe. "