Giuseppina Raggi
University of Coimbra, Centre for Social Studies, Faculty Member
- History of Art and Architecture, Colonial Art and Portuguese and Spanish Empires, Baroque Wall Painting (Quadratura), 17th 18th century Italian architecture, Portuguese Architecture, Baroque art and architecture, and 19 moreHistory of Perspective in Painting, History Portuguese and Spanish, Decorative Arts, Engraving, Cenografia, Ephemeral architecture, Quadraturismo, 18th-century Italian Opera, Quadratura in Madrid, 18th Italian and Portuguese architecture, !7th century Italian painting, History of architecture, Art History, Royal Court Theatre, Opera, Stage Design, Musical Theatre, Architectural History, and Musicologyedit
- Art historianedit
Uma nova visão sobre as artes e a arquitetura durante o reinado de D. João V de Portugal e sobre os projetos de Filippo Juvarra para Portugal
Research Interests: Art History, Theatre Studies, Architecture, Early Modern History, Portuguese History, and 9 moreItalian art, Architectural History, Architecture in Italian Renaissance and Baroque Art, Portuguese Art, Baroque art and architecture, 18th Century, 17th 18th century Italian architecture, History of Portuguese Architecture, and História Da Arquitetura E Do Urbanismo
This article aims to rethink the process of the building and decoration of the Coimbra University Library known as the Biblioteca Joanina (1716-1728). It focuses on the artistic and cultural context of the first half of the reign of King... more
This article aims to rethink the process of the building and decoration of the Coimbra University Library known as the Biblioteca Joanina (1716-1728). It focuses on the artistic and cultural context of the first half of the reign of King John V (1707 – around 1728) and on the impact of the projects of the Italian architect Filippo Juvarra for the new city of Lisbon (1719). The building of the Biblioteca Joanina integrated the renovation plan in all the fields of knowledge promoted by King John V, Queen Maria Ana of Austria and the Portuguese court. Thus, this paper offers a new interpretation of the iconographic program, based on a military metaphor. The Library is like a fortress of the Sapience to be conquered by the student-soldier. Inside, the space of knowledge is divided into three progressive stages: the library (Imago Bibliotecae), the academic stage (Universitas), and the encyclopedic knowledge (Enciclopedia); however the true and final goal of the conquest isto achieve the wisdom of the Sapient Christian (Sabio Christão) as described by Father Rafael Bluteau in his Prosas Académicas… (1717-1728). At the end of his journey, with his weapons put down at the feet of the monarch, the student-conqueror reflects himself in the portrait of King John V, the Wise Christian King. Moreover, the paper highlights the following topics: 1) the artistic connections with the Italian and Austrian architecture; 2) the close relationship between the ceiling paintings by António Simões Ribeiro and the Bolognese painting tradition of “quadratura”; 3) the lack of books supplies after the completion of the Coimbra University Library and during the second half of the reign of King John V; 4) the (re)interpretation of the ceiling paintings by António Augusto Gonçalves in the 19th century; 5) the restoration works promoted by the Portuguese State between 1931 and 1934, and the involvement of the painter Joaquim Lopes, Professor of Arts in Porto.
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Starting from the analysis of the sociocultural impact determined by the arrival in Portugal of the Queen D. Maria Ana of Austria (1708-1754), this essay focuses on the artistic and architectural policies of King D. João V (1707-1750) and... more
Starting from the analysis of the sociocultural impact determined by the arrival in Portugal of the Queen D. Maria Ana of Austria (1708-1754), this essay focuses on the artistic and architectural policies of King D. João V (1707-1750) and of King D. José I until the Lisbon’s earthquake (1755). Thanks to new sources and drawings, the article aims to rethink the critical dichotomies between the Johannine and Josephine reigns, also highlighting the centrality of the cultural action of the Queen D. Maria Ana of Austria. To demonstrate it six crucial issues are focused: 1) The precocious introduction of Italian music, dance and theatre, thanks to the cultural model of the imperial court of Vienna; 2) The strong impact of the Filippo Juvarra’s projects for Lisbon and its connection with the design of a territorial system of royal residences; 3) The change of D. João V’s architectural policy coinciding with the (re)start of the royal construction site in Mafra (1728-1729), and the persistence of the court sociability with theatrical and operatic representations promoted by the Queen in the royal palace of Ribeira until 1742; 4) The continuity between the previous cultural action of the Queen Mother and the artistic-theatrical policy implemented by
D. José I between 1750 and 1755; 5) The analysis of three new drawings for the integral reconstruction of the Real Opera designed by Giovan Carlo Sicinio Bibiena and two unpublished descriptions of the royal theater
of Salvaterra de Magos; 6) The urban, functional and symbolic reconversion of the access to the Royal Opera in the area of the royal palace of Ribeira in Lisbon.
D. José I between 1750 and 1755; 5) The analysis of three new drawings for the integral reconstruction of the Real Opera designed by Giovan Carlo Sicinio Bibiena and two unpublished descriptions of the royal theater
of Salvaterra de Magos; 6) The urban, functional and symbolic reconversion of the access to the Royal Opera in the area of the royal palace of Ribeira in Lisbon.
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The article highlights the role of Queen Maria Anna of Austria (Vienna 1683 – Lisbon 1754) in introducing the taste for Italian opera in Portugal. As Queen of Portugal from 1708, through the letters written by the imperial representative... more
The article highlights the role of Queen Maria Anna of Austria (Vienna 1683 – Lisbon 1754) in introducing the taste for Italian opera in Portugal. As Queen of Portugal from 1708, through the letters written by the imperial representative Giuseppe Zignoni, it is possible to reconstruct the process of confluence between
two different musical traditions (the Portuguese, based on Spanish tradition, and the Austrian, based on Italian music and opera), and the renovation of Portuguese court culture and society. From the time of the arrival of the Austrian Archduchess, court life, music and dance were extensively renewed at the royal palace of the Ribeira in Lisbon. The Queen’s court, composed of Portuguese and German-Austrian Ladies, was the hub of the transformation from Spanish theatre to Italian opera. The article proposes a new chronology of the performance of music, opera and dance during the first half of the eighteenth century in Portugal, and it rethinks socio-cultural dynamics in the light of the artistic taste and policy of the queen.
two different musical traditions (the Portuguese, based on Spanish tradition, and the Austrian, based on Italian music and opera), and the renovation of Portuguese court culture and society. From the time of the arrival of the Austrian Archduchess, court life, music and dance were extensively renewed at the royal palace of the Ribeira in Lisbon. The Queen’s court, composed of Portuguese and German-Austrian Ladies, was the hub of the transformation from Spanish theatre to Italian opera. The article proposes a new chronology of the performance of music, opera and dance during the first half of the eighteenth century in Portugal, and it rethinks socio-cultural dynamics in the light of the artistic taste and policy of the queen.
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In the Austrian State Archive in Vienna, there is a collection of letters written by Giuseppe Zignoni, Austrian royal envoy to the court of Lisbon from 1704 to 1724, the year of his death. The relationship between the two courts were... more
In the Austrian State Archive in Vienna, there is a collection of
letters written by Giuseppe Zignoni, Austrian royal envoy to
the court of Lisbon from 1704 to 1724, the year of his death.
The relationship between the two courts were intense during
the first half of the eighteenth century, thanks to the marriage
between the King of Portugal, John V (1689-1750) and the
Austrian archduchess Maria Anna of Hapsburg (1683-1754).
In Zignoni’s correspondence, written in Italian, there is much
news on the stay of Filippo Juvarra in Lisbon (January-July 1719)
and on the projects he drew up for King John V.
As a result, an unknown picture emerges which allows us to
further study facts referred to in other sources (mainly the
letters of the apostolic nuncio published by Aurora Scotti in
1973), but also to enhance new opinions and evaluations
of Juvarra’s stay. The Sicilian architect planned the western
part of the city of Lisbon. Indeed, he not only concerned himself
with the Patriarchal Basilica and Royal Palace but also with
the customs, the Royal Pleasure-ground Residence outside the
city, and with the reformulation of the Mafra project. These
unpublished documents confirm the far-reaching intervention
of Juvarra, also providing useful information on the
organization of the yards and the need to call workers from
Lombardy. The unpublished material is contextualized in the
process of the artistic-cultural opening that characterized
the first half of the reign of John V, while in the appendix the
compilation of the documents related to the activity of Filippo
Juvarra in Portugal is provided.
letters written by Giuseppe Zignoni, Austrian royal envoy to
the court of Lisbon from 1704 to 1724, the year of his death.
The relationship between the two courts were intense during
the first half of the eighteenth century, thanks to the marriage
between the King of Portugal, John V (1689-1750) and the
Austrian archduchess Maria Anna of Hapsburg (1683-1754).
In Zignoni’s correspondence, written in Italian, there is much
news on the stay of Filippo Juvarra in Lisbon (January-July 1719)
and on the projects he drew up for King John V.
As a result, an unknown picture emerges which allows us to
further study facts referred to in other sources (mainly the
letters of the apostolic nuncio published by Aurora Scotti in
1973), but also to enhance new opinions and evaluations
of Juvarra’s stay. The Sicilian architect planned the western
part of the city of Lisbon. Indeed, he not only concerned himself
with the Patriarchal Basilica and Royal Palace but also with
the customs, the Royal Pleasure-ground Residence outside the
city, and with the reformulation of the Mafra project. These
unpublished documents confirm the far-reaching intervention
of Juvarra, also providing useful information on the
organization of the yards and the need to call workers from
Lombardy. The unpublished material is contextualized in the
process of the artistic-cultural opening that characterized
the first half of the reign of John V, while in the appendix the
compilation of the documents related to the activity of Filippo
Juvarra in Portugal is provided.
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Na correspondência trocada entre o astrónomo Giovanni Angelo Brunelli (1722-1804) e o botânico Ferdinando Bassi (1710-1774), ambos bolonheses, encontram-se algumas informações que obrigam a reformular as hipóteses relativas à autoria do... more
Na correspondência trocada entre o astrónomo Giovanni
Angelo Brunelli (1722-1804) e o botânico Ferdinando Bassi
(1710-1774), ambos bolonheses, encontram-se algumas informações
que obrigam a reformular as hipóteses relativas à
autoria do projeto do Seminário Diocesano de Coimbra. A
principal novidade que essas missivas trazem é o testemunho
da estada do arquiteto Giuseppe Antonio Landi (1713-1791)
em Coimbra durante, pelo menos, quatro meses, de julho
até novembro de 1751. O artigo demonstra o importante papel desempenhado pelo arquiteto e cenógrafo bolonhês Giuseppe António Landi, num período crucial para o projeto do Seminário de Coimbra. Este edifício representa a única obra de arquitetura construída durante a passagem de Landi por Portugal, antes de embarcar para a expedição à Amazónia.
Angelo Brunelli (1722-1804) e o botânico Ferdinando Bassi
(1710-1774), ambos bolonheses, encontram-se algumas informações
que obrigam a reformular as hipóteses relativas à
autoria do projeto do Seminário Diocesano de Coimbra. A
principal novidade que essas missivas trazem é o testemunho
da estada do arquiteto Giuseppe Antonio Landi (1713-1791)
em Coimbra durante, pelo menos, quatro meses, de julho
até novembro de 1751. O artigo demonstra o importante papel desempenhado pelo arquiteto e cenógrafo bolonhês Giuseppe António Landi, num período crucial para o projeto do Seminário de Coimbra. Este edifício representa a única obra de arquitetura construída durante a passagem de Landi por Portugal, antes de embarcar para a expedição à Amazónia.
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Tra il 1582 e il 1587 il cantiere della chiesa gesuita di San Rocco a Lisbona divenne un centro di sperimentazione d’avanguardia della pittura di architetture in prospettiva. L’articolo completa lo studio precedente, presentato nel n. 887... more
Tra il 1582 e il 1587 il cantiere della chiesa gesuita di San Rocco a Lisbona divenne un centro di sperimentazione d’avanguardia della pittura di architetture in prospettiva. L’articolo completa lo studio precedente, presentato nel n. 887 di Arte Cristiana, stabilendo l’anno 1588 come terminus ante quem della pittura del soffitto. L’ideazione e la realizzazione dell’opera seguì una tempistica stringente, che unì l’interesse per la novità della pittura di architetture in prospettiva da parte dei committenti (1586), alla progettazione di tre disegni e alla scelta di quello di quadratura (1587) e alla sua immediata esecuzione (1588), motivata anche dall’urgenza di smontare l’imponente impalcatura innalzata sin dal 1573. La predilezione per la quadratura da parte dei committenti non precluse la possibilità di elaborare programma iconografico, dotto e articolato, incentrato su temi eucaristici. L’Esaltazione della Santa Croce e degli strumenti del martirio, dipinta al centro del soffitto, costituisce il cuore significante della composizione e stabilisce una profonda connessione con le raffigurazioni delle architetture effimere innalzate per la solenne donazione delle reliquie del 25 gennaio 1588. Il preposito Pedro da Fonseca S.I., filosofo e teologo di grande levatura, può essere indicato come l’ideatore dell’intera operazione e come l’autore dell’edificio simbolico-iconografico che la sperimentazione della quadratura seppe ‘elevare’ sul soffitto di San Rocco.
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Tra il 1582 e il 1587 il cantiere della chiesa gesuita di San Rocco a Lisbona divenne un centro di sperimentazione d’avanguardia della pittura di architetture in prospettiva. L’articolo propone una nuova datazione dell’opera,... more
Tra il 1582 e il 1587 il cantiere della chiesa gesuita di San Rocco a Lisbona divenne un centro di sperimentazione d’avanguardia della pittura di architetture in prospettiva. L’articolo propone una nuova datazione dell’opera, circostanziandola agli anni 1586 e 1588. Ciò permette di contestualizzarla nell’ambito delle strategie di affermazione del potere di Filippo II di Spagna, divenuto re di Portogallo nel 1580 con il nome di Filippo I. In questa occasione i gesuiti lusitani giocarono un ruolo fondamentale insieme all’aristocratico e diplomatico luso-spagnolo Juan de Borja che, nel 1587, donò alla Casa inaziana il suo prezioso tesoro di reliquie. La pittura del soffitto venne realizzata in sintonia con questo evento dal pittore portoghese Francisco Venegas, co-adiuvato probabilmente da Amaro do Vale. La carica innovativa di quest’opera può essere meglio intesa se messa in relazione con la pubblicazione in Italia del trattato di Vignola-Danti Le due regole della prospettiva pratica (1583), con la presenza nel cantiere dell’architetto di origine bolognese Filippo Terzi come sovrintendente dei lavori di San Rocco e con la predilezione, specificamente portoghese, verso l’architettura costruita o dipinta. L’uso della prospettiva è fulcrale per la riuscita dell’opera e l’incontro tra Terzi e Venegas permise l’elaborazione di una pittura d’avanguardia, unica nel panorama europeo dell’epoca e comparabile solo con le sperimentazioni contemporanee in atto nei territori italiani.
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In 8th June, 1719, Lisbon city was transformed in a holy space, where all Portuguese society, by hierarchic order, venerated the holy Eucharist during the Corpus Domini procession. Traditionally this historical fact was interpreted as... more
In 8th June, 1719, Lisbon city was transformed in a holy space, where all Portuguese society, by hierarchic
order, venerated the holy Eucharist during the Corpus Domini procession. Traditionally this historical fact was
interpreted as evidence of king John V’s devotion, but it was much more. The new aesthetic organization of
Corpus Domini’s procession represented, through the arts, the power of portuguese monarchy towards the Holy
See and the other european royal crowns and it reflected the dynamic historical context of second and third
decades of Eighteen century. The ephemeral architectures built for occasion have been traditionally attributed to
the German architect João Frederico Ludovice. The essay problematizes this attribution, focusing on the Filippo
Juvarra’s role, the italian architect who has been invited by the portuguese king to project the new royal palace,
patriarchal basilica and palace and he was active in Lisbon between January and July 1719.
order, venerated the holy Eucharist during the Corpus Domini procession. Traditionally this historical fact was
interpreted as evidence of king John V’s devotion, but it was much more. The new aesthetic organization of
Corpus Domini’s procession represented, through the arts, the power of portuguese monarchy towards the Holy
See and the other european royal crowns and it reflected the dynamic historical context of second and third
decades of Eighteen century. The ephemeral architectures built for occasion have been traditionally attributed to
the German architect João Frederico Ludovice. The essay problematizes this attribution, focusing on the Filippo
Juvarra’s role, the italian architect who has been invited by the portuguese king to project the new royal palace,
patriarchal basilica and palace and he was active in Lisbon between January and July 1719.
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Giuseppe Trono’s painting in the Bemposta chapel, produced in 1791-1792, is the most representative artwork related to the social policies implemented by the Queen Mary I. This article focuses on the historical and artistic analyses to... more
Giuseppe Trono’s painting in the Bemposta chapel, produced in 1791-1792, is the most representative artwork related to the social policies implemented by the Queen Mary I. This article focuses on the historical and artistic analyses to frame the political and religious context, and to clarify its misunderstood iconography. The cult of the Sacred Heart, instituted in 1779 by Pope Pius VI, is crucial to reframe the meaning of the painting. The new approach offers an original interpretation of the black woman who is represented in it. Her identity and biography are brought to the light. Her subjectivity is compared to the more known biographies of the enslaved black dwarfs, who lived at the Portuguese royal court, mainly the female dwarf Rosa of the Sacred Heart, portraited in Mascarada Nupcial by José Conrado Roza (1788). Her in/visibility is compared, also, to the ‘silence’ about the black presence in the painting The earthquake of 1755 by João Glama (2nd half of 18th century).